WORLD HISTORY UNIT 6 (Chapter 28)

MODERNITY & CONTEMPORARY TIMES

VOCABULARY TERMS

History means life is to be lived forwards, but understood backwards

FOREIGN LEADERS OF MODERNITY

• Leonid Brezhnev replaced Nikita Khrushchev when he was removed from office.

• Mikhail Gorbachev leader of a Communist Party reformers group

• Boris Yeltsin president of the Russian Republic• Vladimir Putin Russian Republic President• Pierre Trudeau Prime minister of Canada 1968-

1979• Lech Walesa Polish labor leader and statesman• Vaclav Havel a writer who had played an important

role in bringing down the Communist government• Margaret Thatcher Britain's first female prime

minister

The final 3 Russian presidents (not Breshnev) methodically phased-out communism

USA CONTEMPORARY MAJOR LEADERS • Richard Nixon Vice President under Eisenhower and

37th President of the United States• Gerald Ford38th President of the United States• Jimmy Carter 39th President of the United States• Ronald Reagan 40th President of the United States• George Bush Vice President under Reagan and 41st

President of the United States• Bill Clinton 42nd President of the United States• George W. Bush 43rd President of the United States

What if George Washington were here today?

COMMUNIST RUSSIA

• Detente a phase of relaxed tensions and improved relations between two adversaries

• Perestroika fundamental restructuring of the Soviet economy; policy introduced by Gorbachev

• Brezhnev Doctrine insisted on the Soviet Union's right to intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist state

Perestroika & Détente led to the collapse of communism & the fall of the Berlin Wall

SOME BAD THINGS THAT HAPPENED

• Ethnic Cleansing a policy of killing or forcibly removing an ethnic group from its lands; used by the Serbs against the Muslim minority in Bosnia

• Watergate a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice

• Bloody Sunday day when British troops fired on a crowd of civil rights protesters and killed 13 people; January 30, 1972

• Slobodan Milosevic Leader of Serbia (a brutal dictator who was later executed)

Bloody Sunday was just one of the many, many social uprisings in Ireland

AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT

• Reagan Revolution sent US policy in new directions• Cultural Imperialism referring

to Western nations' control of other world cultures similar to how they had controlled colonial governments

Only now does history show some of the effectiveness of the Reagan years

SOME CULTURAL ASPECTS

• Postmodernism an artistic movement that emerged in the 1980s; its artists do not expect rationality in the world and are comfortable with many "truths“• Popular Culture

entertainment created for a profit and for a mass audience

The Simpsons & Family Guy are a couple of examples of this:

A FEW TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES

•Chemical produced by chemicals•Sputnik I Soviet Union satellite

Another image of Sputnik, the first object sent into space (by Russians)

WAYS IN WHICH THE RULES CHANGED

•Equal Pay Act required women to be paid the same as men for the same work•Roe v. Wade legalized

women's rights to abortion

JFK signed the Equal Pay Act in 1963

THE ECONOMICS OF THE TIME

• Thatcherism the economic policy of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, which limited social welfare and restricted union power

• Budget Deficits the state that exists when a government spends more than it collects in revenues

• Currency coins, for example, that are in circulation and used as a medium of exchange

• Globalization the movement toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy

The world gets smaller each passing year

REGIONS INVOLVED

• Bosnia-Herzegovina Area the Serbs attacked• Kosovo a self-governing province

within Yugoslavia• Munich the capital and largest city of

Bavaria in southeastern Germany• Basque Region in the western

Pyrenees, and part of the territory belongs to Spain and part to France

This is a controversial part of Europe

IICONS OF THE TIME

•Symbolsomething that stands for something else by way of association; a visible sign of something invisible

Do you know what these modern symbols mean? Planes/buses/cars/etc.

NATIONS INVOLVED

• Afghanistan country in Asia• Ukraine a republic in southeastern

Europe• Belarus a landlocked republic in

eastern Europe• West Germany a republic in north central Europe

on the North Sea• Northern Ireland a division of the United

Kingdom located on the northern part of the island of Ireland

• France a republic in western Europe

Even today, these ex-Soviet break-away republics are in turmoil with Russia

SOME ATTITUDES OF THE TIME

• Participation having a part in or sharing in something

• Responsive quick to respond or react to

• Autonomous self-governing• Shift a change in direction or attitude• Gender Stereotyping restricting what a person

could do just because of the person's gender• Gender Parity a policy by which

women have to make up either a certain number of the candidates in an election or a certain number of those elected

Virtually no men were nurses in the 1920s-50s. Gender roles have changed drastically

since the late 1960s

PROTESTS & DEMONSTRATIONS

•Dissidents a person who speaks out against the regime in power•Demonstrations a public

display of group feeling toward a person or a cause

Since France in 1789, the revolutionary voices of millions have been heard all around the world