World History II

SOL Review Day 2

Scientific Revolution• What effects did the Scientific revolution

have in the study and practice of Science?– Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of

nature– Formulation of scientific method– Expansion of scientific knowledge

WHII 6 a

Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernic

Johannes Kepler

Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton William Harvey

Age of Absolutism • What are the Characteristic of

Absolute monarchies?– Centralization of power– Concept of rule by divine right

• What is divine right?– The belief that their power

comes from God

Examples of Absolute Monarchies • France: Louis XIV

– Built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power.

– Known as the Sun King• Prussia: Frederick the

Great– Builds a large army

• Russia: Peter the Great of Russia– Westernization of Russia– Built St Petersburg ( warm

water port)

WHII 6 b

Lets read over English civil War and Glorious

Revolution Chart

English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

• Discussion Question:– How did the English civil War and the Glorious

Revolution promote the developments of the rights of the English man?

EnlightenmentThomas Hobbes

 Liviathan Human exist in a primitive “State of nature” and content government for self-protection

John Locke Two Treatises on Government

People are sovereign and constant to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty and property

Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws

The best form of government includes a separation of powers.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Social Contract

Government is a contract between rulers and the people

Voltaire Candide Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state.

Enlightenment• Applied reason to the Human world, as well as to

the rest of the natural world• Stimulated religious tolerance• Fueled democratic revolutions around the world

• Influence of the Enlightenment – Fueled the revolution in the Americas and France– Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence

incorporated Enlightenment ideas– The Constitution and the Bill of rights also included

ideas from the Enlightenment

French Revolution • What were the causes

of the French Revolution?– Enlightenment Ideas– Influence of the

American Revolution – Social Injustice– Dislike of Monarchy

Enlightenment Ideas • Freedom of religion and speech• Government of the people

Social in JusticeTreatment of the Third Estate (peasants)

Dislike of Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette

French Revolution • Events

– Storming of the Bastille– Reign of Terror

Reign of Terror• Reign of Terror led by Robespierre• Louis and Marie Antoinette executed• Thousands killed who were possible against

the revolution • Reign of Terror Ends when Robespierre is

beheaded

What is this? Guillotine

French Revolution • Outcomes of the

French Revolution– End of absolute

monarchy of Louis XVI– Rise Napoleon – Napoleon builds a

French Empire in Europe.

– Influences Latin American Revolutionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8

gC00avITj0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Who Am I?

Age of Reason • Painting depicted classical

subjects, public events, natural people (portraits)

• New forms of Literature evolved, such as the Novel

New Technologies • All-weather roads improved year-round

transportation• New designs in farm tools increased

productivity (agricultural revolution)• Improvements in ship design lowered the cost

of transportation

See how the road is elevated and slopped to water can easily run off.

Less likely to get puddles!

QUIZ TIME

Question 1• John Locke is closely associated with which belief?

a. Absolute monarchs are the best form of governmentb. The church should always be obeyed regardless of its

messagec. The government should be a contract made by the

peopled. The people never have a right to revolt against the

government

Question 2• Johannes Kepler is known as a pioneer of the

Scientific Revolution for his a. Development of the heliocentric theory b. Formation of the law of gravity c. Use of the telescope to support the heliocentric

theory d. Discovery of planetary motion

Question 3• Peter the Great was a monarch of

a. Franceb. Englandc. Prussiad. Russia

Question 4• The principle that government derives power

from the consent of the governed is represented througha. Communism b. Democracy c. Socialism d. Oligarchy

Question 5• The development of the rights of Englishman

includeda. An increase in royal powerb. The end of political factionsc. The rise of power of Charles Id. The establishment of common law

Question 6• The Enlightenment thinker who wrote The

Social Contract was:a. Voltaireb. John Lockec. Jean-Jacques Rousseaud. Montesquieu

Question 7• Which was NOT an application of

Enlightenment thinking?a. Reason was applied to the human world, not just

the natural worldb. Religious tolerance was encouragedc. The Scientific Revolution was begund. Democratic revolutions around the world were

fueled

Question 8 • The first reigning monarch to face a public

trial and execution was a. James Ib. Charles IIc. Henry VIIId. Charles I

Question 9• The Separations of powers found in the

United States Constitution comes from the writing of which Enlightenment thinker?a. Hobbesb. Lockec. Montesquieu d. Voltaire

Question 10 • The reign of which monarch gave England its

first constitutional monarchy?a. Charles IIb. James II c. Mary IId. Elizabeth I

Latin American and Revolutions

Colonial governments

mirrored the home governments

Catholicism had a strong influence on the

developments of colonies

A major element of the economies was mining of

precious metals

Label the South America Cities

Latin AmericaViceroys/ colonial

officers

Creoles** Majority of Revolutions will be lead by this group**

Mestizos

Latin American Revolutions• Haiti • Lead by former slave

Toussaint L ‘Ouverture– Slave rebellion– Wins independence

after beating three armies: Spain, France and Britain

Latin American Revolution• Mexico:

– Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement

• Believed in enlightenment ideas

– Creoles become armed and raise army to put down Hidalgo and rally around Jose Maria Morelos who leads independence movement

Latin American Revolutions • Following Countries

gained independence:– Mexico– Haiti– Colombia– Venezuela– Brazil*** what special

about brazil independence?

Latin American Revolutions• Simon Bolivar

– Native Venezuelan Creole who led revolutionary efforts

– Liberated northern areas of Latin America

• Venezuela• Colombia• Ecuador

I tried to combined them all together in one state called Grand Colombia!

Monroe Doctrine• Define: US policy of

opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe in 1823

• Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independentWrite it in

your own words!

QUIZ

Question 1• Who led a successful revolution in Haiti to

free Haitians from French rule?a. Toussaint L’Ouvertureb. Simón Bolivarc. Napoleon Bonaparted. Jose de San Martin

Question 2• Who led a successful revolution in the

northern area of South America, eventually having a country named after him?a. Toussaint L’Ouvertureb. Simón Bolivarc. Napoleon Bonaparted. Father Miguel Hidalgo

Question 3• Viceroys were

a. religious officials.b. priests.c. explorers.d. colonial officials.

Question 4• Which nation claimed the region extending

from Mexico through South America?a. Franceb. Spainc. Portugald. The Netherlands

Question 5• The European colonies in the Americas

a. established new and independent cultures and social patterns.

b. followed the cultural and social patterns of the indigenous peoples.

c. imitated the cultures and social patterns of their parent countries.

d. established a unified cultural and social pattern for all to follow.

Question 6• The United States issued the Monroe

Doctrine becausea. there was conflict over who would control Latin

America.b. American merchants had found rich markets in

Africa.c. the United States opposed the Spanish king.d. the United States wanted colonies in South

America.

Question 7• The country located at number 1 on the map

above isa. Mexico.b. Columbia.c. Venezuela.d. Brazil. 1

Question 8• 8. Revolutions in Latin America were

influenced bya. the Renaissance.b. the Crusades.c. the Civil War in Spain.d. the French Revolution.

Question 9• Who started the Mexican independence

movement?a. Father Miguel Hidalgob. Simón Bolivarc. Jose de San Martind. Toussaint L’Ouverture

Political and Philosophical Developments in Europe

• Legacy of Napoleon– Creating an Empire

• Unsuccessful attempt to unify • Growth of nationalism in occupied

countries

– Napoleonic code:• A uniform set of laws. Limited liberty and

promoted order and authority over individual rights

I’m grumpy The British beat me at the battle of Waterloo

Congress of Vienna1. “Balance of Power”2. Restoration of Monarchies3. New Political Map4. New Political philosophies

Make sure that no single nation would ever dominate

Europe again

There would be NO more Napoleons!

Bring Back Monarchies that had excited before Napoleon’s conquest

Legitimate monarchies would stabilize political relations among nations Return the territories that

Napoleon had captured and make France the size it was before the

empire

Liberalism- Believed in NEW ideas and Conservatism- believed in OLD ideas

Nationalism • The belief that people should be loyal to their

nation- to the people with whom they share a culture and history –rather than to a king or queen

Unification of Italy and Germany Italy- Count Cavour Germany- Otto von Bismarck

Believed in Realpolitik:“ The politics of reality”- the

practice of tough power politics without room for idealism

I got help from Giuseppe Garibaldi who unified

southern Italy

QUIZ

Question 1• The Congress of Vienna

a. supported Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe.b. restored European monarchies.c. established democracies in Europe.d. reaffirmed the existing European political

boundaries.

Question 2• The unification of southern Italy was

accomplished bya. Count Cavour.b. Bismarck.c. Giuseppe Garibaldi.d. Napoleon.

Question 3• The Franco-Prussian War led to

a. an independent France.b. an alliance between France and Prussia.c. the establishment of an independent Prussia.d. the creation of a German state.

Question 4• What was the significance of the Code of

Napoleon?a. It was the first European constitution.b. It was adopted by all European countries within

ten years.c. It established a series of rights and laws that did

not rely on earlier customs.d. It specified a return to a limited monarchy in

France.

Question 5• Attempting to restore Europe as it had been

before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests, the Congress of Vienna left a legacy of two new political philosophies, liberalism anda. socialism.b. conservatism.c. imperialism.d. anarchism.

Question 6• Otto von Bismarck coined this term to

describe his political philosophy of “doing what works instead of what would be ideal.”a. Zollvereinb. Realpolitikc. Junkerd. Mein

Question 7• . The Congress of Vienna tried to

accomplish all of the following tasks EXCEPTa. compensation for damages.b. restoring legitimate monarchs.c. restoring balance of power.d. returning Napoleon as leader.

Question 8• What leader of the Congress of Vienna

opposed the formation of a unified Italian state?a. Count Camillo de Cavourb. Otto von Bismarckc. Clemens von Metternichd. Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 9 • The “red shirts” under Garibaldi defeated

opponents using guerilla warfare, a military style best described asa. large groups of well armed men fighting in the

open.b. a duel between commanders.c. small groups striking enemies unexpectedly.d. fighting in a jungle.

Industrial revolution • Why it started in Britain

– natural resources (coal, iron ore) and the invention/improvement of the steam engine

– British enclosure movement

British enclosures movement:Landowners discovered more productive

farming methods to boost crop yields. Started buying land from village farmers

and fencing off their land.

ImpactLandowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmer of move to

the cities looking for work

Industrial Revolution• Science and Medicine

– Edward Jenner• Smallpox vaccination

– Louis Pasteur• Discovery of Bacteria

Economic Developments Capitalism Communism Based of Adams Smith works

Based of Karl Marx works

Industrialization• Rise of Labor Unions

– Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions

– Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children

– Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

Imperialism • Causes

– Nationalism – New Markets– Competition among

European powers

Imperialism in Africa and Asia• China-limited access because of the Qing

Dynasty • Suez Canal-built in Egypt to connect the

Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea– Received first help by France and later Britain

• Japan was opened by Commander Matthew Perry

Responses of Colonized People

• Armed Conflicts– Example : Boxer Rebellion in China– What was the Boxer Rebellion?

• Rise of Nationalism – What event(s) increased the feeling of nationalism

in colonies?

QUIZ

Question 1• 1. Who developed the smallpox

vaccination?– A James Watt– B Edward Jenner– C Louis Pasteur– D Henry Bessemer

Question 2• The Industrial Revolution made an impact on

the industrialized countries of the world by• A increasing the rural population.• B decreasing the population.• C improving transportation.• D causing worldwide depression.

Question 3• Adam Smith, in his work Wealth of Nations,

contributed to the development of capitalism by

• A defending the idea of free markets.• B suggesting that government limit

competition.• C promoting the benefits of communism.• D supporting the theories of socialism.

Question 4• The information in the box above represents

the impact of• A Karl Marx.• B The British Enclosure Movement.• C Friedrich Engels.• D The Industrial Revolution.

•Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor.•Reforms were introduced to end child labor.•Women increased their demand for suffrage.•Harsh working conditions were commonplace.

Question 5• The items in the box above are forms of• A democracies.• B communism.• C monarchies.• D imperialism. •Colonies

•Protectorates•Spheres of influence

Question 6• Which was NOT a reason for

imperialism to develop?• A Nationalism• B Industrial Revolution• C Religious fervor• D Isolationism

Question 7• In 1853, Matthew Perry used naval power to

force Japan to• A trade with the U.S.• B end the opium trade.• C cut off trade with Europe.• D end colonization of Korea.

Question 8• What German economist/philosopher is

credited with the idea of communism?• A Adam Smith• B James Watt• C Karl Marx• D Adolf Hitler

Question 9• According to communism, history is

dominated by the struggle between what two groups?

• A the bourgeoisie and the proletariat• B the bourgeoisie and the democrats• C the proletariat and the republicans• D the democrats and the republicans

Question 10 • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increased the

demand in the American South for– A. slaves.– B. cotton.– C. wheat.– D. coal.