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WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20 MASS SOCIETY AND DEMOCRACY. Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity. New Products Steel took the place of iron...helped make machines lighter, smaller, & faster Steel Production (GB, France, Germany, & Belgium) 1860 – 125,000 tons 1913 – 32,000,000 tons. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial
ProsperityProsperity New ProductsNew ProductsSteel took the place
of iron...helped make machines lighter, smaller, & faster
Steel Production (GB, France, Germany, & Belgium)
• 1860 – 125,000 tons• 1913 – 32,000,000 tons
Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial
ProsperityProsperity New ProductsNew ProductsElectricity used for
heat, light, & motionThomas EdisonThomas Edison –
developed first American light bulb
Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell – telephone
Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi – radioWright BrothersWright Brothers - airplane
Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial
ProsperityProsperity New PatternsNew PatternsWages increased & product
costs went downAssembly line new
manufacturing method developed by Henry Henry FordFord...allowed Ford to mass produce his Model T automobile
Europe divided into two economic zones...Western Europe becomes industrialized & wealthy...Eastern Europe remained agricultural & poor
Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial
ProsperityProsperity The Communist ManifestoThe Communist ManifestoWritten in 1848 by Karl MarxKarl Marx & Friedrich EngelsSaid society was split into two groups
• BourgeoisieBourgeoisie – middle class...the oppressors• ProletariatProletariat – working class...the oppressed
Marx believed the struggle b/w these two groups would lead to a revolution
Believed the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie, set up a dictatorship, and create a classless society
Political parties based on the ideals of Marx began to grow throughout Europe
Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass
SocietySociety New Urban EnvironmentNew Urban EnvironmentMany people moved from the countryside to cities to
find work in factoriesPopulation of London
• 1800 – 960,000• 1900 – 6,500,000
Improvements in public health & sanitation helped living conditions in cities
• Running water• Sewage systems• Dams & reservoirs for water• Gas & electric heaters
Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass
SocietySociety The Marriage IdealThe Marriage IdealMen were viewed as tough,
source of income, the “boss” of the relationship
Women were viewed as innocent, homemaker, needed to obey her husband
Family sizes (# of children) began to decrease b/c of better economic situation and increased use of birth control
Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass
SocietySociety The Family IdealThe Family IdealSee the growth of more
“family” celebrations Fourth of July and “modern version” of Christmas
Most children were working by age 9-10
Families began to be able to afford more comforts such as sewing machines & cast-iron stoves
Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass
SocietySociety Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights
Feminism beganWomen fought for
legal rights, education rights, voting rights, etc.
Many nations didn’t grant these rights until after WWI
Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass
SocietySociety EducationEducation Access to education began
to filter down from the upper class
Children b/w 6-12 were required to attend school
Nations began to set up schools & universities to help educate people
More education increased literacy rates in industrialized nations
Higher literacy rates helped the growth of newspapers
Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass
SocietySociety LeisureLeisureAll forms of leisure and
entertainment began to grow (amusement parks, dance halls, sports)
Changes in leisure during this time:• 1)1) Leisure came to be viewed as
something fun done after work• 2)2) Leisure became more passive (sit
on a ferris wheel, watch a ballgame)• 3)3) Leisure became something people
paid for (amusement park, sporting event)
Section 3 – The Section 3 – The National State & National State &
DemocracyDemocracy Triple AllianceTriple Alliance Formed b/w Germany, Austria-
Hungary, & Italy Germany sought allies b/c it feared
France (thought they were trying to create an anti-German alliance)
Germany maintained a separate treaty w/ Russia & tried to remain on good terms w/ Great Britain
1890 – Otto von Bismarck was removed from power in Germany...Germany dropped treaty w/ Russia Otto von Bismarck
Section 3 – The Section 3 – The National State & National State &
DemocracyDemocracy Triple EntenteTriple EntenteFormed b/w Russia,
Great Britain, & France
Germany became flanked
Led to uneasy situation in Europe for decades (up until WWI)
Section 3 – The Section 3 – The National State & National State &
DemocracyDemocracy Crises in the BalkansCrises in the BalkansAustria-Hungary & Russia both tried to gain influence
over the Balkan countriesBosnia & Herzegovina were annexed by Austria-HungarySerbia was outraged...Serbia had wanted to join up w/
Bosnia & Herzegovina to form a large Slavic-speaking kingdom
Russia supported Serbia...Serbia prepared for war w/ Austria-Hungary
Germany told Russia to back down or face warRussia (weak military at the time) backed down but
vowed revenge
Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness
ArtArtMonetMonet –
impressionist painter – Impression Sunrise
Van GoghVan Gogh – postimpressionist painter – The Starry Night
PicassoPicasso – cubist painter – Three Musicians
Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness
ArchitectureArchitectureFrank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright
– American architect – Falling Water
Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness
ScienceScienceMarie CurieMarie Curie –
discovered radiationAlbert EinsteinAlbert Einstein –
theory of relativitySigmund FreudSigmund Freud –
wrote “The Interpretation of Dreams”...developed psychoanalysis – delving deep into someone’s memory
Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness
Extreme NationalismExtreme NationalismSocial DarwinismSocial Darwinism – idea that natural selection could
be applied to society...stronger cultures/races would prosper while weaker ones would decline
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism – “anti-Jew”...massacres of Jews were not uncommon across Europe
ZionismZionism – movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine...Palestine was the land of ancient Israel...Palestine was opposed to Jewish immigration