World HistoryWorld HistoryChapter 12- The Age of IndustryChapter 12- The Age of Industry

Section 3- The Growth of IndustrySection 3- The Growth of Industry

Victorian Inventions: 1837-1901Victorian Inventions: 1837-1901

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Sims and Differences? Or advantages/disadvantages of eachSims and Differences? Or advantages/disadvantages of each! !

Sims and Differences/ad/disSims and Differences/ad/dis

TermsTermsindustrial capitalismindustrial capitalism-- economic system in which economic system in which individuals continually reinvest profits & expand individuals continually reinvest profits & expand businesses.businesses.interchangeable parts-interchangeable parts- production method using production method using identical, easy-to-assemble parts.identical, easy-to-assemble parts.division of labor-division of labor- production technique in which production technique in which each worker does one specialized task.each worker does one specialized task.partnership-partnership- business owned by two or more business owned by two or more entrepreneurs who share management, profits & entrepreneurs who share management, profits & losses.losses.corporation-corporation- business organization that is owned by business organization that is owned by stockholders who buy shares and is run by stockholders who buy shares and is run by professional managers.professional managers.depression-depression- economic situation characterized by a economic situation characterized by a business slump and unemployment.business slump and unemployment.

SPREAD OF INDUSTRYSPREAD OF INDUSTRY

Great Britain tried to keep Great Britain tried to keep industrialindustrial monopolymonopoly..

ParliamentParliament passed laws to keep passed laws to keep workers & workers & machinesmachines in Great Britain. in Great Britain.

1820’s1820’s- many skilled workers left Great - many skilled workers left Great Britain.Britain.

British British industrialistsindustrialists got wealthy by got wealthy by spreading spreading industrial revolutionindustrial revolution to other to other countries. countries. RailroadsRailroads in India, Latin America & in India, Latin America & North America. North America. FactoriesFactories in Europe- in Europe- capital/equipment/technical staff.capital/equipment/technical staff.

SPREAD OF INDUSTRY con’tSPREAD OF INDUSTRY con’tIndustrializationIndustrialization did not take hold in other did not take hold in other countries until countries until 18701870. Exceptions- France, . Exceptions- France, Germany & United States.Germany & United States.France- growth France- growth slowslow. . Napoleonic warsNapoleonic wars depleted workforce. Scientists. depleted workforce. Scientists. Mining &Mining & railroadrailroad construction grew. construction grew.GermanyGermany- factories, railroads (1839). 1840’s- - factories, railroads (1839). 1840’s- coal, iron & textile industries.coal, iron & textile industries.United States- shoe & textile industries in United States- shoe & textile industries in New EnglandNew England. Coal mines & iron works in . Coal mines & iron works in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania. 1870- U.S. one of world’s three . 1870- U.S. one of world’s three most industrialized countries along with most industrialized countries along with Great Britain & GermanyGreat Britain & Germany..

GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESSGROWTH OF BIG BUSINESS

CapitalismCapitalism : a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government

spurs growth.spurs growth.

Industrial Capitalism-Industrial Capitalism- expand factories or invest expand factories or invest in new business. Profits- hire more workers, buy in new business. Profits- hire more workers, buy raw materials & new machines.raw materials & new machines.

MASS PRODUCTIONMASS PRODUCTION

1800’s- Eli Whitney introduces 1800’s- Eli Whitney introduces interchangeable partsinterchangeable parts. . Increased factory Increased factory production.production.

1809- Frederick Taylor- 1809- Frederick Taylor- division of labor.division of labor. Divide tasks into detailed & specific Divide tasks into detailed & specific segments of a step-by-step procedure. Used segments of a step-by-step procedure. Used in factories. Worker performed specialized in factories. Worker performed specialized task on a product on a conveyor belt. Method task on a product on a conveyor belt. Method called an called an assembly line.assembly line. Henry Ford used Henry Ford used assembly line method to mass produce assembly line method to mass produce Model T automobiles.Model T automobiles.

PartnershipsPartnerships- Share management - Share management responsibility & debt liability. Two or more responsibility & debt liability. Two or more entrepreneurs got together & raised entrepreneurs got together & raised additional capital.additional capital.

CorporationsCorporations- Businesses owned by - Businesses owned by stockholders- buy shares in a company, stockholders- buy shares in a company, vote on decisions. Shares vote on decisions. Shares increased/decreased depending on profits. increased/decreased depending on profits. Late 1800’s- corporations one of best Late 1800’s- corporations one of best ways to manage new business.ways to manage new business.

Business CyclesBusiness Cycles

Businesses Businesses dependentdependent on one another. on one another. Example- demand for cars would expand Example- demand for cars would expand petroleum industrypetroleum industry. Bad conditions in one . Bad conditions in one industry could spread to other industries.industry could spread to other industries.

Business cycle- alternating periods of Business cycle- alternating periods of business expansion & declinebusiness expansion & decline. Expansion- . Expansion- buying, selling, production & employment buying, selling, production & employment high. Expansion over- activities decline. high. Expansion over- activities decline. Lowest point- Lowest point- depressiondepression..

SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTSDEVELOPMENTS

CommunicationsCommunications

1830’s1830’s- Samuel Morse, American inventor- - Samuel Morse, American inventor- telegraph & Morse code.telegraph & Morse code.

18951895- Gugliemo Marconi, Italian inventor- - Gugliemo Marconi, Italian inventor- wireless telegraphwireless telegraph, later modified to , later modified to radioradio..

1876- 1876- Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell American American inventor- telephone.inventor- telephone.

Marconi

Bell

SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS con’tcon’tElectricityElectricity1900’s- 1900’s- electrical powerelectrical power harnessed & used harnessed & used for industrial fuel.for industrial fuel.1831- 1831- Michael FaradayMichael Faraday, British , British chemist/physicist. Experiments- magnet chemist/physicist. Experiments- magnet through a coil of wire produced current. through a coil of wire produced current. 1870’s- 1870’s- electric motorelectric motor devised on this devised on this principle.principle.1877- 1877- Thomas EdisonThomas Edison, American inventor- , American inventor- phonograph player. 1879- phonograph player. 1879- incandescent light incandescent light bulb.bulb.

SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS con’tSCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS con’tEnergy & EnginesEnergy & Engines1880’s- 1880’s- Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb Daimler, German engineer- , German engineer-

redesigned internal combustion engine to run on redesigned internal combustion engine to run on gasoline.gasoline.

Rudolf DieselRudolf Diesel, German engineer- oil-burning internal , German engineer- oil-burning internal combustion engine for industrial plants, ocean liners & combustion engine for industrial plants, ocean liners & locomotives. Development of motorcar helped by these locomotives. Development of motorcar helped by these inventions.inventions.

1890’s- German Ferdinand von Zeppelin- streamlined 1890’s- German Ferdinand von Zeppelin- streamlined dirigibledirigible to carry passengers. to carry passengers.

1903- Americans 1903- Americans Wilbur & Orville Wright-Wilbur & Orville Wright- first first successful flight of motorized aircraft. Flew 120 feet. 5 successful flight of motorized aircraft. Flew 120 feet. 5 years later- 100 miles.years later- 100 miles.

Need for Need for fuel & rubberfuel & rubber for tires caused growth in for tires caused growth in petroleum & rubberpetroleum & rubber industries. industries.

Innovations & inventions changed life dramatically.Innovations & inventions changed life dramatically.

Transportation VLA Wrap UpTransportation VLA Wrap Up

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