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The French Revolution. World History Ch. 3. Lets Back Up for a Moment. Greeks Democracy and Voting. Romans Republic Representative Government. Jews What is “right” in the eyes of God Justice. Christianity Equality and Fairness. Lets Back Up for a Moment. Middle Ages Ignorance Fear - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The French RevolutionWorld History Ch. 3
Lets Back Up for a Moment• Greeks
• Democracy and Voting
• Romans• Republic• Representative
Government
• Jews• What is “right” in
the eyes of God• Justice
• Christianity• Equality and
Fairness
Lets Back Up for a Moment• Middle Ages
• Ignorance• Fear• Superstition• Tradition
• just the way it is
Lets Back Up for a Moment• Scientific
Revolution• Trying to
understand the physical world
• Enlightenment• Using the scientific
revolution to understand human behavior• Government
Return to Greco-Roman Reason to combat superstition and tradition
Lets Back Up for a Moment• Thirteen British
Colonies become the United States of America• The
Enlightenment in practice
Who’s Next?
World History – Standard Review
C.S.S. – 10.2
Standard – 10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.
Government
Personal freedom
Glorious Revolution of England
American Revolution
French Revolution
(England)
Glorious Revolution
(United States)
American Revolution
(France)
French Revolution
English Bill of Rights
?
U.S. Bill of Rights
?
Declaration of the Rights
of Man
?
Standard – 10.2.2
1
2
3
King & the Old Regime
Revolution & Reign of Terror
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Empire
4
5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire
Congress of Vienna – limited monarchy
6
The Rise and Fall
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.4
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.5
Share the Revolution
Republics for Everyone
You too
Over our dead bodies
Congress of Vienna
Limited Monarchy
Democratic RevolutionsOnce you try it you can’t
deny it!1830 and 1848
The French Revolution
On the Eve of RevolutionWorld History Ch. 3-1
What were the major themes of the Enlightenment?
Natural Law led to Natural Rights
The Social Contract provided the bond
Purpose: to define government’s role in societyWhat are the rules and who gets to
write them?
The Ancient RegimeThe estates
were names given to the social classes of France
Dates back to medieval times
Could not move between
French Society Divided
French Society DividedThe First EstateClergyLess than 1% of the
populationOwned 10% of the
landAbout 2% of their
income was taxed
French Society Divided
The Second EstateNoblesAbout 2% of the
population Owned 20% of the landPaid no taxes
French Society Divided The Third Estate 97% of the people
Bourgeoisie The Middle class –
doctors, lawyers, business owners
Urban Workers Rural Peasants
Paid about 50% of their income in taxes
French Society DividedThe Bourgeois took
to the enlightenment
They believed they had the most to gain
Wanted democracy, more political power, and lower taxes
“The Third Estate is the people and the people is the foundation of the State; it is in fact the state itself.
The other orders are merely political categories while by the immutable laws of nature the People is everything…”
How has the Enlightenment influenced this quote?
Financial Troubles
01020304050607080
% of Income Spent on Bread
17871788
Financial TroublesDeficit Spending
Living on borrowed money
Paying two warsFrench and
Indian WarAmerican
RevolutionLavish Lifestyle
Financial TroublesLouis 14th Louis 15th Louis 16th
Spent too much money
15 and 16 Weak leaders
How do we pay it back?
Financial TroublesJacques Necker
Limit government spending How do I keep partying
without money?
Increase Taxes On the nobles and clergy
No way dude!
No Solutions? Call on the Estates General A meeting of reps from all
three estates to find a solution
175 years ago (A LOT has changed since then)
Louis XVI (16th) Calls for the Estates General
Meet at the palace of Versailles Problem? Only three votes, one per
estate Clergy and Nobles = 2 Third = 1 Who always wins?
Third Estate creates a National Assembly (97%)
Solve money problem and demand change
When they meet the doors are locked They meet at a Tennis Court and
take Oath
They swore, “…never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution.”
Parisians Storm the BastilleParisians fear royal
soldiersDemand the “weapons”
in the Bastille Prison
Fighting startedCitizens storm the
fortress Release some prisoners Others killed Celebrated as Bastille
Day in modern France“This is no revolt, it is a
revolution!”
Let’s begin our roughdraft1. Write a question
for each starred heading – “How did French society being divided lead to the storming of the Bastille?”
2. Write your response to each question – “France was divided up into three estates called the Ancient Regime. The clergy made up the first estate. The…”
The French Revolution
The French Revolution Unfolds
World History Ch. 3-2
Chapter 3-2: The French Revolution Unfolds
What We KnowWe have learned about
the beginnings of the French Revolution:FeudalismAncient Regime and
Three EstatesUnequal sharing of
powerDeficit SpendingEstates GeneralNational AssemblyTennis Court OathStorming of the Bastille
What We Will KnowNow We will study :
How the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution, including the principles behind the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, and how France developed into a constitutional monarchy.
Build Background KnowledgeRecall the problems
that led to the start of the French Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly.
Predict what the National Assembly might do to try to solve some of those problems.
They swore, “…never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution.”
Political Crisis Leads to RevoltGreat Fear (country side)
Rumors Attacks on peasants Crop seizures
Led to attack on nobles
Paris Commune seizes power
Factions - Different groups of peopleWho will take control?
Marquis de LafayetteModerateVoice of Reason – how far do
we take this?
Paris CommuneRadicalReplaced royal city
governmentEnd to the monarchy “The Mob”
Peasants attacking the estates of the nobility
The National Assembly Acts
Special Privilege EndFeudalism is
abolishedMade all three
estates equal
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
the CitizenAugust 26,
1789 Liberty! Property! Resistance to
oppression! Modeled (in part)
after the Declaration of Independence
U.S. Bill of Rights (I-X)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Posed New Dilemmas
1. Did women have equal rights with men?Olympe de Gouges
2. What about free blacks in the colonies?
3. How could slavery be justified if all men were born free?
4. Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights?
Women March on Versailles
6000 women march 13 miles in the rainDemand bread
(food)Demand to see
kingAngry at Marie
AntoinetteWanted the king
close – back to Paris
The National Assembly Acts
The Church is Placed Under State Control
Civil Constitution of the ClergyThe “State” controls
the church not the Pope
Priests punishedPeasants do not
supportDisagreement opens
between Paris and the peasants
Set up limited monarchySet up Legislative
AssemblyMake lawsCollect taxesDecide issues of war and
peaceModerates – “We’re
Done!”Enlightenment goals with
church not involved in government
The National Assembly Presses OnThe Constitution of 1791 Establishes a New Government
Louis’s Escape Fails
Louis 16th and MarieDisguised -
attempt to flee to Austria
Seen as traitors
The National Assembly Presses On
Rulers Fear Spread of RevolutionEmigres
Noble, clergy, and others who fled to other countriesSpoke of violence
Other rulers of other countries fear it will spread to them
Others believe violence will get worse – it does!
Governments of Prussia and AustriaThreaten to invade
to protect Monarchy – Declaration of PilnitzAustrian Emperor –
Marie Antoinette's brother
Radicals Take ControlThreats Come From Abroad
Radicals Fight for Power and Declare WarSans-culottes
Wore pants, not breeches
Working-classWanted
republicJacobins
Parisian – middle-class intellectuals
Moderates – We are Done!
Declares war on enemies of libertyAustriaPrussiaBritainAnd othersLasts until
1815
Radicals Take ControlThe National Assembly Declares War on Tyranny
Let’s continue our rough draft
1. Write a question for each starred heading – “What political crisis led the National Assembly to institute reforms during the first stage of the French Revolution?”
2. Write your response to each question – “The Great Fear in the countryside lead to a revolt. This in turn created factions in Paris as people and groups struggled for power.”
The French Revolution
Radical Days of the Revolution
World History Ch. 3-3
Chapter 3-3: The French Revolution Unfolds
What You KnowYou have learned
how France became a constitutional monarchy. FactionsFeudalismDeclaration of the
Rights of man and the Citizen
Constitution of 1791
What You Will KnowNow you will study :
How France develops into democratic despotism (or in other words – the killing begins)
Build Background KnowledgeThe French
Revolution is about to enter the “radical” stage.
Preview the pictures and brainstorm possible reasons for the atrocities that often take place in revolutions.
1
2
3
King & the Old Regime
Revolution & Reign of Terror
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Empire
4
5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire
Congress of Vienna
6
The Rise and Fall
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.4
The Monarchy is Abolished
ParisiansAngered they attack
prisons – kill 1200 nobles and priests
Radicals create National Convention – full male suffrage
Abolish monarchy, create republic, execute king and queen
France at war with “all” of Europe
Convention creates Committee on Public Safety Able to tax In charge of trials and
executionsRobespierre
Lawyer – the “Incorruptible” “No liberty without
criminals losing their heads”
Radical Days of the RevolutionTerror and Danger
Grip France
Reign of TerrorLed by RobespierreRevolutionary courts
conduct “hasty” trials Execute “enemies” of the
republicSeptember 1793 – July 1794Convention members afraid
of Committee of Public Safety
Robespierre and others executed
Terror and Danger Grip France
Maximilien Robespierre
Directory Moderates take control
Constitution of 1795 Create 5 man directory Two-house legislature Made up mainly of
bourgeoisie 1795-1799
Chaos Food prices - riots Emigres returning Church still upset Election of 1797 –
majority wanted constitutional monarchy
People turned to war hero for “HELP!”
The Revolution Enters its Third Stage
Napoleon Bonaparte
National SpreadsNationalism = a
strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s countryLoyalty from local
government to national government
Set up state schools Systems to help the
poor, old soldiers, and war widows
Ended slavery in colonies
Still at war and what is to come???
Revolution Brings ChangeRevolutionaries Push for Social Reform
The French RevolutionThe Age of Napoleon
World History Ch. 3-4
Chapter 3-4: The Age of Napoleon
What You KnowYou have learned how
France developed into a democratic despotism. King and Queen
ExecutedCommittee of Public
SafetyRobespierre5 Man DirectoryNapoleon BonaparteRise in French
Nationalism
What You Will KnowNow you will study:
How Napoleon turned France into an empire, how he spread nationalism across Europe, and how the Congress of Vienna tried to create a lasting peace by turning back the clock.
Build Background Knowledge
Remember that in 1799 Napoleon was a popular military leader. Predict how his military background might influence France.
1
2
3
King & the Old Regime
Revolution & Reign of Terror
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Empire
4
5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire
Congress of Vienna
6
The Rise and Fall
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.4
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.5
Share the Revolution
Republics for Everyone
You too
Over our dead bodies
Congress of Vienna
Limited Monarchy
Democratic RevolutionsOnce you try it you can’t
deny it!1830 and 1848
Victories Cloud LossesNapoleon had
many initial victories
General & Politician
Directory – replaced with 3 man consulNapoleon is
consul for LIFE
Power began legallyPlebiscite –
popular vote by ballot
Eventually names himself EmperorPeople could
voteNapoleon had
absolute power (tyrant)
Napoleon Rises to PowerNapoleon Crowns Himself Emperor
Napoleon’s ReformsControlled PricesEncouraged new businessBuilt roads and canalsSchools to train government
officials and military officersMade peace with the churchPeasants got to keep landEncouraged emigres to
return Jobs based on talent not birthMake Everyone Happy!!!
Embodied Enlightenment IdealsEquality, religious
toleration, no feudalism
Took rights away from women
Napoleon valued order, security, and efficiencyAt what expense?
Napoleon Reforms FranceNapoleonic Code
The Map of Europe is RedrawnHis empire
Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany
Abolished the Holy Roman Empire
Cut Prussia in halfAnd other stuff too
Force and diplomacyRefer to next slide
(map)
Britain stood aloneBattle of Trafalgar
British Navy winsAttack Britain via
MONEY!Continental System
Closed Europe to British goods
Mutual Blockades
Napoleon Builds an EmpireNapoleon Strikes Britain
Nationalism Works Against NapoleonNationalism
motivates French soldiers
Others welcome “republican” change
BUT – resent French occupation of THEIR country
Resented the Continental System
SpainResisted FranceStill loved the king
and churchBrutal guerilla war
Austrians also resistLose again to France
Napoleon’s Empire Faces ChallengesSpain and Austria Battle the French
The Russian Winter Stops the Grand ArmyTsar Alexander I
Did not like Continental System
1812 – Napoleon invades RussiaHUGE MISTAKE –
WinterRetreats all the way
back to France
Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges
Russian Winter
Napoleon Abdicates BrieflyFrance continues to
fight and losesNapoleon abdicatesExiled to AlbaFear of the Old
Regime returningNapoleon escapes
and is backBattle of Waterloo is
the end
Napoleonic CodeSparked nationalism
across EuropeHoly Roman Empire
– GermanyLouisiana Purchase
in U.S.
Napoleon Falls From PowerWaterloo and Napoleon’s Legacy
Congress Strives for PeaceRestore stability and
orderCreate a lasting
peace and a balance of power
Turn back clock to 1792Limited Monarchy
in FranceLegitimacy
Quadruple AllianceAustria, Russia,
Prussia, BritainConcert of Europe
Meetings to discuss problems
Could not foresee growing nationalism among minorities and desire for personal liberty government involvement
Leaders Meet at the Congress of Vienna
Congress Fails to See Traps Ahead
1
2
3
King & the Old Regime
Revolution & Reign of Terror
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Empire
4
5 Decline Napoleon’s Empire
Congress of Vienna
6
The Rise and Fall
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.4
The French RevolutionStandard – 10.2.5
Congress of Vienna
Limited Monarchy
Democratic RevolutionsOnce you try it you can’t
deny it!1830 and 1848
