World History and Cultures. Fighting Conquistador

World History and CulturesWorld History and Cultures

Fighting Conquistador

Columbus Extra NotesColumbus Extra Notes

►Columbus made Columbus made 44 trips to the New trips to the New World – Discovering the major islands World – Discovering the major islands of the Caribbean – of the Caribbean – HaitiHaiti, San Salvador, , San Salvador, PuertoPuerto RicoRico, Jamaica and , Jamaica and CubaCuba..

►Till his death in Till his death in 15061506, Columbus , Columbus believed that he reached a set of believed that he reached a set of islands off the coast of India – which islands off the coast of India – which were connected to were connected to JapanJapan..

Columbus Extra Notes 3Columbus Extra Notes 3

►Columbus along with later Columbus along with later conquistadors accidentally brought a accidentally brought a number of number of germs and diseases like and diseases like Small PoxSmall Pox which helped to destroy the which helped to destroy the Native Native population. .

►Columbus and the Spanish Columbus and the Spanish conquistadors forced forced labor in gold in gold mines, disease and , disease and starvation rapidly rapidly killed off the killed off the Tainos and the nativesand the natives

Columbus’s Extra Notes 4Columbus’s Extra Notes 4

► This This depletiondepletion of of slaveslave labor forced the labor forced the Spanish to look for other areas for Spanish to look for other areas for slaveslave labor – namely labor – namely AfricaAfrica..

► Columbus’ trip also gave Spanish Columbus’ trip also gave Spanish MissionariesMissionaries the perfect opportunity to the perfect opportunity to spread spread ChristianityChristianity to the New World and to the New World and convert Natives from the convert Natives from the culturalcultural religions. religions.

► After his first trip (his most successful trip), After his first trip (his most successful trip), Columbus would bring back a number of Columbus would bring back a number of spicesspices, foods, some riches and primarily , foods, some riches and primarily slavesslaves..

Columbus Extra Notes 2Columbus Extra Notes 2

► By reaching these lands off of India – Christopher By reaching these lands off of India – Christopher Columbus would be promised a Columbus would be promised a portionportion of all of the of all of the richesriches that he brought back – this caused him to that he brought back – this caused him to constantly constantly searchsearch for means to bring for means to bring richesriches back to back to SpainSpain..

► After meeting the natives of San Salvador, the After meeting the natives of San Salvador, the TainosTainos, he believed thought that they were , he believed thought that they were animals and less than and less than humans-humans--- even though the natives -- even though the natives gave him a warm gave him a warm receptionreception

► Columbus believed that he had found his Columbus believed that he had found his meansmeans to to getting his getting his richesriches and would soon and would soon enslaveenslave the the tainostainos and other natives in his and other natives in his pursuitpursuit of gold and of gold and richesriches in the New World in the New World

Columbus’s Extra Notes 5Columbus’s Extra Notes 5

►His stories of riches and success His stories of riches and success prompted Spain to go to Rome and prompted Spain to go to Rome and have the pope at the time have the pope at the time AlexanderAlexander VIVI, help them sign a peace treaty with , help them sign a peace treaty with Portugal called the Portugal called the TreatyTreaty of Tordesillasof Tordesillas in 1494, which gave them complete in 1494, which gave them complete claim to the claim to the islandsislands that were to be that were to be discovered by Columbus and all land in discovered by Columbus and all land in the the WesternWestern part of South America. part of South America.

What role did Marco Polo having What role did Marco Polo having Europeans countries begin making Europeans countries begin making

voyages to new lands?voyages to new lands?► In going to China – In going to China –

he wrote an account he wrote an account of his experiences of his experiences called THE TRAVELScalled THE TRAVELS

► The book fascinated The book fascinated many Europeans by many Europeans by what they thought what they thought of the Exotic Eastof the Exotic East

Identify each Explorers – List what each explorer accomplished -- List the date of their accomplishments

Bartholemeu DiasBartholemeu Dias

► 14881488► First to go around First to go around

the Tip of Africa – the Tip of Africa – Discovered the Discovered the Cape of Good Cape of Good HopeHope

Vasco Da GamaVasco Da Gama

► 14981498► First to go Around First to go Around

Africa and actually Africa and actually reach India – in the reach India – in the port of Calicutport of Calicut

Ferdinand Ferdinand MagellanMagellan

► 1519-15221519-1522► First explorer to get First explorer to get

credit for circling credit for circling the globethe globe

Magellan’s TripMagellan’s Trip

John CabotJohn Cabot ►14971497►Explored the New Explored the New England coastline of England coastline of the Americas on the Americas on Behalf of EnglandBehalf of England

Pedro Alvares CabralPedro Alvares Cabral

► 15001500► Attempted to go Attempted to go

east around Africa east around Africa to get to India and to get to India and ended up ended up discovering Brazil – discovering Brazil – South AmericaSouth America

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci► Went along on Went along on

several voyages – several voyages – his letters his letters describing the lands describing the lands he sees which led to he sees which led to the use of the name the use of the name America for the new America for the new landslands

Conquistadors

Name for the Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain in the 1500’s and 1600’s

Cortes and the AztecsCortes and the Aztecs

The Aztec treated The Aztec treated their king like he was their king like he was a a GodGod – Most people – Most people weren’t allowed to weren’t allowed to touchtouch him or look him or look directly at him when directly at him when they were in his they were in his presencepresence


One important thing One important thing that the Spanish had that the Spanish had which helped them which helped them against the Aztecs were against the Aztecs were horseshorses

The Aztecs had never The Aztecs had never seen seen horseshorses before – before – they said that by seeing they said that by seeing the Spanish on the Spanish on horsebackhorseback – was like – was like seeing a half-man- half seeing a half-man- half beast monsterbeast monster


In order to fight the In order to fight the Aztecs, Cortes Aztecs, Cortes increased his army by increased his army by making making alliesallies with with neighboring tribes neighboring tribes that had been that had been destroyeddestroyed by the by the AztecsAztecs

MalincheMalinche

she was a young she was a young Indian woman who Indian woman who served as the served as the translator and translator and adviser for Cortes – adviser for Cortes – later named Dona later named Dona Marina meaning Marina meaning traitortraitor

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan


When Cortes came in When Cortes came in TenochtitlanTenochtitlan – he actually – he actually was treated by the Aztec was treated by the Aztec king (Moctezuma) like a king (Moctezuma) like a god god

He was believed to be the He was believed to be the Aztec God Aztec God QuetzalcoatlQuetzalcoatl – – he was showed with gifts he was showed with gifts and goldand gold

Cortes Cortes returnedreturned the Aztec the Aztec hospitality by hospitality by imprisoningimprisoning Moctezuma no more than a Moctezuma no more than a week laterweek later

What does Motecuhzuma mean when What does Motecuhzuma mean when he says to Cortes “Now you have he says to Cortes “Now you have

arrived on the earth”?arrived on the earth”?

The Aztec king thinks The Aztec king thinks that Cortes is a god that Cortes is a god predicted in legend predicted in legend who was come down who was come down to earth from heavento earth from heaven

What details show the great What details show the great wealth of the Aztec Empire?wealth of the Aztec Empire?

Descriptions about Descriptions about the treasure house – the treasure house – and the King’s own and the King’s own treasure – they treasure – they mention things like mention things like gold shields, crowns gold shields, crowns and golden leg armorand golden leg armor

Why did the other Aztec chiefs lose respect for Why did the other Aztec chiefs lose respect for Motecuhzuma after he ordered them to provide the Motecuhzuma after he ordered them to provide the Spaniards with Supplies? Why did they obey his Spaniards with Supplies? Why did they obey his

orders?orders?

They did not think that They did not think that the Spaniards the Spaniards especially Cortes was especially Cortes was a goda god

They obeyed the king They obeyed the king because they were because they were loyal to him.loyal to him.

What advantages did Cortes have in his attempt to What advantages did Cortes have in his attempt to conquer the Aztec? What were Aztecs’ conquer the Aztec? What were Aztecs’

weaknesses? Could the Spaniards have weaknesses? Could the Spaniards have conquered the Mexicans as easily if Motecuhzoma conquered the Mexicans as easily if Motecuhzoma

had not been so trusting?had not been so trusting?

Spanish – guns, cannon, ruthless attitude, Spanish – guns, cannon, ruthless attitude, perhaps the help of Malinche and others perhaps the help of Malinche and others who objected to Aztec rulewho objected to Aztec rule

Aztec – trust in Spaniards, lack of firearms, Aztec – trust in Spaniards, lack of firearms, willingness to obey Motecuhzumawillingness to obey Motecuhzuma

????????????


The Aztecs would eventually The Aztecs would eventually riserise up up against the Conquistadors on against the Conquistadors on June 29, June 29, 15201520 – During this rebellion by the Aztecs – During this rebellion by the Aztecs – Moctezuma was – Moctezuma was killedkilled

The story behind the death of Moctezuma The story behind the death of Moctezuma varies by the varies by the tellerteller of the story of the story

CortesCortes

According to the Spanish – Moctezuma attempted to According to the Spanish – Moctezuma attempted to help help calmcalm the the rebellionrebellion down and in the fury of Aztec down and in the fury of Aztec crowd – one of them threw a crowd – one of them threw a rockrock– which struck the king – which struck the king in the in the headhead causing his eventual death – Before he died causing his eventual death – Before he died he was he was baptizedbaptized and made into a and made into a ChristianChristian

According to the Aztecs – Cortes pushed the Aztec King According to the Aztecs – Cortes pushed the Aztec King in front of the Crowd in order to in front of the Crowd in order to calmcalm down – the crowd down – the crowd was not was not responsiveresponsive to the king – When Cortes realized to the king – When Cortes realized this he killed Moctezuma and in the back which this he killed Moctezuma and in the back which killedkilled him him


In a In a desperatedesperate attempt to escape the city – attempt to escape the city – Many of Cortes’ conquistadors Many of Cortes’ conquistadors drowneddrowned in in the canals that ran throughout the city in the canals that ran throughout the city in the canals that ran throughout the citythe canals that ran throughout the city

They They drowneddrowned because they were because they were weighed down by the weighed down by the goldgold they were trying they were trying to take with them in their escapeto take with them in their escape

What was Pizzaro able to do? How What was Pizzaro able to do? How did he do it? What did he do in did he do it? What did he do in

1535?1535?Defeated the Incas – He Defeated the Incas – He captured and later executed captured and later executed the Incan emperor – the Incan emperor – AtahualpaAtahualpa

They fought the Incas – but They fought the Incas – but the Incas’ stones, arrows the Incas’ stones, arrows and light spears could and light spears could match the steel of the match the steel of the SpanishSpanish

He would go on to establish He would go on to establish a new capital called Lima – a new capital called Lima – in their new Spanish Empirein their new Spanish Empire

The taking of Atahualpa The killing of Atahualpa

WHO ESTABLISHED NEW NETHERLANDS? HOW LARGE WAS NEW NETHERLANDS? WHY DID

FLOURISH? WHO EVENTUALLY TOOK IT OVER? WHAT WAS IT RENAMED TOO?

• Dutch• It extended from the

mouth of present day Hudson River as far north as present day Albany

• It never flourished because of the West India Co. did not encourage settlement

• English Renamed it – New York

1608Founded Quebec on

the banks of St. Lawrence river

This area was settled for France

What total are and holdings did the English control?

The English had established control over most of the Eastern seaboard of North America

They had set-up sugar plantations on several Caribbean islands

They also settled Virginia and Massachusetts

Explorer Timeline Explorer Timeline ActivityActivity

Leif Ericson Landed in New Foundland

1000

. In terms of the Pacific Ocean, did the In terms of the Pacific Ocean, did the same person who discovered give the same person who discovered give the ocean its current name? If not, who ocean its current name? If not, who discovered the Pacific Ocean and who discovered the Pacific Ocean and who gave it its current name?gave it its current name?

NoNoBalboa – Balboa – Discovered Discovered the Pacific – the Pacific – Magellan Magellan Named itNamed it

Based on the timeline, why is it logical that the Based on the timeline, why is it logical that the citizens of Puerto Rico citizens of Puerto Rico

predominantly speak Spanish today?predominantly speak Spanish today?

• Because it was founded by two Because it was founded by two explorers representing Spain – explorers representing Spain – Columbus and Ponce De LeonColumbus and Ponce De Leon

Identify the major French explorers who founded places and made discoveries in the New World? What were their accomplishments?

Cartier, Champlain and La Cartier, Champlain and La SalleSalleCartier - explored the Cartier - explored the St.Lawrence River (Founded St.Lawrence River (Founded Montreal) – Champlain Montreal) – Champlain founded Quebec on the founded Quebec on the banks of St. Lawrence river banks of St. Lawrence river --- La Salle explored the --- La Salle explored the Great Lakes, Mississippi Great Lakes, Mississippi River and Gulf of MexicoRiver and Gulf of Mexico

Identify 2 major achievement of Identify 2 major achievement of Giovanni VerrazanoGiovanni Verrazano

Explored the East Explored the East coast to North coast to North Carolina Carolina

He also discovered He also discovered ManhattanManhattan

He was the first He was the first European to enter European to enter New York BayNew York Bay

What 4 American states were founded and explored by the explorers in this timeline?

New Mexico New Mexico TexasTexas FloridaFlorida Alaska Alaska CaliforniaCalifornia North Carolina North Carolina New YorkNew York

List the all of the explorers who List the all of the explorers who explored the land in these states – explored the land in these states – When did each of these men go When did each of these men go these places?these places?

► Vitus Bering – Explored Vitus Bering – Explored AlaskaAlaska► Walter Raleigh backed the first colony in Walter Raleigh backed the first colony in

North CarolinaNorth Carolina► Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was the first Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was the first

European explorer to navigate the coast of European explorer to navigate the coast of present day present day CaliforniaCalifornia in the United States in the United States

► Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Hernando de Soto, Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Hernando de Soto, Juan Ponce de Leon all explored Juan Ponce de Leon all explored FloridaFlorida

► Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca the first Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca the first European to explore European to explore TexasTexas

► Giovanni Verrazano discovered Manhattan – Giovanni Verrazano discovered Manhattan – New York New York

What are the 3 Mythical places that the explorers on this timeline came to New World to find? Who were the explorers who came looking for these places and when did they come to New World?

Francisco Vasquez de Coranado – Mythical 7 Cities of Gold – (1540-1542)

Fray Marco de Niza – 7 Golden Cities of Cibola – (1536-1539)

Juan Ponce de Leon – Mythical – Fountain of Youth (1513)

Documents

World History and Cultures. Fighting Conquistador