Upload
jared-kinney
View
48
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
World History. Unit 4 Connecting Hemispheres: 900 - 1800. Chapter 20 The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D. Section 1 Spanish Conquests in the Americas. Spanish Conquests in the Americas. Objectives To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with Columbus. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
World History
Unit 4
Connecting Hemispheres:
900 - 1800
Chapter 20The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 1
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Objectives
• To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with Columbus.
• To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.
• To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.
• Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Columbus’ Voyages– Goal: trade route to Asia (west)
• gold and spices
– 1492: San Salvador• los Indios
– 1493• empire builder
– 17 ships, 100 settlers
• colonies
• Pedro Alvares Cabral - 1500– Brazil for Portugal
• Amerigo Vespucci - 1507– discovery of ‘new world’
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa - 1512– 1st to gaze Pacific Ocean
• Ferdinand Magellan - 1519– 1st to circumnavigate globe
Exploration Voyages
Spain’s American Empire
Hernando Cortes - 1519– conquistadors (conquerors)
• gold and silver
– Aztec Empire - 1521• 600 men
• Tenochtitlan– Aztec capital
• Montezuma II– Aztec emperor
• Reasons for conquest– weapons, allies, disease
Francisco Pizarro - 1532– 200 men vs. 30,000 men
• Atahaulpa – Incan emperor
Spain’s American Empire
New World Society– mestizos
• mixed Spanish / native people
– encomienda• native labor system
– Brazil• Portuguese sugar plantations
Spanish Influence– Florida, SW United States
• Santa Fe mission capital
• Bartolome de Las Casas– advocate of natives
– Native Resistance• 1680 Pope Rebellion
• Christian conversion
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Objectives• To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with
Columbus.• Columbus: San Salvador, Cabral - Brazil, Magellan - globe• To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.• Cortez - Mexico-Aztec conquest, Pizarro - Peru-Inca conquest,
disease and slavery decimate native populations• To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.• Spanish advance to N. America, missionaries establish Catholic
missions, Native American peoples resist colonization• Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez,
conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda
Assessment
1) Columbus’ 1st named island
2) main reason for Columbus’ 2nd voyage
3) lands controlled by another nation
4) he claimed Brazil for Portugal
5) new continent America named for him
6) 1st to circumnavigate the earth
7) he conquered the Aztec Empire
8) this term means ‘conquerors’
9) he conquered the Incan Empire
10) define ‘encomienda’
1) San Salvador
2) Spanish settlement
3) colonies
4) Pedro Alvares Cabral
5) Amerigo Vespucci
6) Ferdinand Magellan
7) Hernando Cortes
8) conquistadors
9) Francisco Pizarro
10) native labor system
Chapter 20The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 2
Competing Claims in North America
Competing Claims in North America
Objectives
• To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North America.
• To summarize competing claims in North America.
• To describe the Native American response to the land claims made by Europeans.
• Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom
Competing Claims in N. America
Settling North America– route to Asia
• settle for trade / colonies
– New France• Jacques Cartier
– St. Lawrence, Montreal
• Samuel de Champlain - 1608– Quebec
• Sieur de La Salle - 1683– Louisiana
• fur trade over colonies
• midwest U.S. & E. Canada
– England• Jamestown - 1607
– gold– 70% death rate– 1st permanent settlement
Competing Claims in N. America
Puritan New England– Pilgrims - 1620
• Plymouth• separatists
– Puritans - 1630• Massachusetts Bay• purify• families
– Dutch• Henry Hudson - 1609
– Hudson Bay
• Dutch West India Co. - 1621– New Netherland
» N. American holdings
• trade• diversity
Dutch Hudson Bay Company
Competing Claims in N. America
Fight For N. America– James, Duke of York - 1664
• ousts Dutch (New York)
– English colonists• 1.3M by 1750
– French and Indian War• 1754-1763• Seven Years’ War• English defeat French• England gets E. North America• Spain gets Louisiana
– Dutch & French / Indians• trade alliance
– English / Indians• land and religion• Metacom
– King Philip’s War
French and Indian Wars
Competing Claims in North America
Objectives• To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North
America.• French - St. Lawrence and Mississippi, fur trade; English - Jamestown,
religious freedom; Dutch - diverse population• To summarize competing claims in North America.• English drive Dutch from New Netherland; English defeat French in
Seven Years’ War• To describe the Native American response to the land claims made by
Europeans.• French & Dutch trade with natives; English colonies conflict; Metacom /
English in King Philip’s war; disease decimation• Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New
Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom
Assessment
1) What passage were Europeans looking for?
2) founded French colony at Quebec
3) French / Dutch traded natives for these
4) 1st permanent English settlement
5) wanted to separate from the English church
6) religious reformers who founded colony at Massachusetts Bay
7) Dutch colony that would later be New York
8) the Europeans who had the most colonists by 1750
9) the winners in the French and Indian War
10) Indian also known as King Philip
1) western route to Asia
2) Champlain
3) beaver furs
4) Jamestown
5) Pilgrims
6) Puritans
7) New Netherland
8) English
9) England
10) Metacom
Chapter 20The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 3
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Objectives
• To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
• To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.
• To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
• To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.
• Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Evolution of Slavery• Africa
– minor institution– Islam - 7th century
• non-Muslim POWs
• 4.8 million slaves– men - military– women - domestic servants
• not hereditary
• European Colonies– mines and plantations– Advantages
• immunity to European diseases
• experience in farming
• less likely to escape
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Atlantic Slave Trade– buying and selling of Africans for work
in the Americas
– 1500-1600: 300,000
– 1600-1700: 1.5 million
– 1700-1870: 9.5 million
• Spain– 1511 - 1st to import slaves
– mines and plantations
• Portugal– Brazilian sugar plantations
– 3.6 million
• Caribbean– sugar, tobacco, coffee
• North America– 400,000 imported slaves
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
African Rulers– Africans captured inland– Slave port cities– gold, guns, metal tools
Triangular Trade– Europe to Africa
• slaves
– Africa to Americas• sugar, coffee, tobacco
– Americas to Europe
Middle Passage– 250-300 per ship– 20% death rate
• disease, suicide, executions
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery in America– highest bidder– mines, fields, domestics– hereditary
• Resistance– sabotage, slowdowns, escape,
rebellions
Consequences– lost generations– families torn apart– introduction of firearms– economic development– cultural diffusion– mixed populations
Objectives• To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.• Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England import slaves; Many
Africans profit, some rulers oppose• To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.• Europe, to Africa, to Americas;Middle passage=millions of slaves;• 1 in 5 African slaves die in middle passage• To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.• Africans sold for work on plantations or mines; slaves resist through
sabotage, uprisings, escape, and heritage preservation• To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.• African families torn apart; loss of African generations; Americas
economies prosper; multicultural Americas populations• Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage
The Atlantic Slave Trade