World GeographyWorld GeographySemester ReviewSemester Review

Spring 2008Spring 2008

Because of the Industrial Revolution, Because of the Industrial Revolution, Europe transformed from Europe transformed from agriculturalagricultural society to one with a society to one with a reliance on reliance on industryindustry. .

What happened to European cities as a What happened to European cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution? result of the Industrial Revolution?

They grew larger in size. (Illness, They grew larger in size. (Illness, pollution, and overcrowding also pollution, and overcrowding also increased.)increased.)

Why was the European Union (EU) Why was the European Union (EU) created? created?

To give Europe a single marketTo give Europe a single market

What advantages to the continent What advantages to the continent does the European River system does the European River system provide? provide?

They provide ways of travel/ They provide ways of travel/ transportation and a trade systemtransportation and a trade system..

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Nickname for the Bubonic Plague is Nickname for the Bubonic Plague is BLACK PLAGUE or BLACK DEATHBLACK PLAGUE or BLACK DEATH

Nose filled with posies - To mask the smell of death and to “protect” doctors from getting ill Spread along trade routes

What two countries make up the What two countries make up the Iberian Peninsula? Iberian Peninsula?

Spain and Portugal Spain and Portugal

Iberian Peninsula controls access to the Mediterranean SeaIberian Peninsula controls access to the Mediterranean Sea

Why did Britain depend on colonial Why did Britain depend on colonial trade for many resources? trade for many resources?

Resources needed to further Resources needed to further industrialization and increase the industrialization and increase the size of the British Empire were size of the British Empire were abundant in the colonies.abundant in the colonies.

What countries make up the What countries make up the Scandinavian Peninsula? Scandinavian Peninsula?

Norway, Sweden, northern FinlandNorway, Sweden, northern Finland

Who built the Berlin Wall? Why?Who built the Berlin Wall? Why? East Germany (supported by Communist East Germany (supported by Communist

USSR), to keep the East Berliners from USSR), to keep the East Berliners from escaping to free West Berlinescaping to free West Berlin

Post WWII After the fall of the Soviet Union

What country in the 1990s saw What country in the 1990s saw warfare between Serbs, Croats, and warfare between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims? Bosnian Muslims?

YugoslaviaYugoslavia

Why is the Aral Sea shrinking? Why is the Aral Sea shrinking? People are redirecting massive People are redirecting massive

amounts of water from the two amounts of water from the two rivers that feed into the Aral Sea, rivers that feed into the Aral Sea, the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya Rivers, for irrigationRivers, for irrigation..

Which mountain range divides the Which mountain range divides the continents of Europe and Asia? continents of Europe and Asia?

Ural MountainsUral Mountains

What environmental disaster What environmental disaster happened in 1986 in the Ukraine happened in 1986 in the Ukraine and what was the impact? and what was the impact?

Chernobyl explosion/radiation Chernobyl explosion/radiation poison caused and still causes great poison caused and still causes great illness there todayillness there today

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Why do Russian architects use Why do Russian architects use onion domes? onion domes?

Heavy snow does not stay on them, Heavy snow does not stay on them, which is important for the cold, which is important for the cold, snowy winters there.snowy winters there.

How and why did the Soviet Union How and why did the Soviet Union come to an end? come to an end?

Gorbechev began to give the Soviet Gorbechev began to give the Soviet people more freedoms which led to people more freedoms which led to the collapse and 15 independent the collapse and 15 independent republics formed from itrepublics formed from it. .

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/rugif/rufrmusr.gif

What is the taiga and where is it What is the taiga and where is it located? located?

Vast coniferous forest region in Vast coniferous forest region in Russia’s Siberian regionRussia’s Siberian region

Why was Europe the birthplace of Why was Europe the birthplace of modern industry? modern industry?

Europe has iron and coal reserves, Europe has iron and coal reserves, both important to the industrialized both important to the industrialized society.society.

What English document greatly What English document greatly influenced the Declaration of influenced the Declaration of Independence? How did it impact the Independence? How did it impact the Declaration?Declaration?

English Bill of Rights – The same ideas English Bill of Rights – The same ideas are included in the Declaration of are included in the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Why do European countries need to Why do European countries need to import many foreign workers today? import many foreign workers today?

They have lost many of their They have lost many of their working-aged people in civil and working-aged people in civil and world warsworld wars..

Why does Western Europe have a Why does Western Europe have a relatively mild climate? relatively mild climate?

North Atlantic Drift brings warm North Atlantic Drift brings warm ocean currents and makes it ocean currents and makes it warmer there.warmer there.

In the former Soviet In the former Soviet Union’s command Union’s command economy, industry was economy, industry was controlled by whom? Of controlled by whom? Of the three economic the three economic systems (market, systems (market, command, traditional), command, traditional), how was the Soviet how was the Soviet Union’s system Union’s system characterized?characterized?

controlled by central controlled by central government, and it was government, and it was a command economya command economy

One brand: price setby government, who tells you what you need, how many and why

What is happening to the Sahel What is happening to the Sahel region in Africa and why? region in Africa and why?

It is drying out from nomadic herding It is drying out from nomadic herding in West Africa.in West Africa.

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http://www.un.org/radio/photo/desertification.gif

Why do you think Why do you think Africa’s abundance of Africa’s abundance of natural resources has natural resources has not translated into not translated into economic wealth for economic wealth for most of its most of its population?population?

Europe’s colonization Europe’s colonization of Africa in the 1800s of Africa in the 1800s – most of the – most of the resources were taken resources were taken for Europeans, and for Europeans, and then Africa was left to then Africa was left to fend for themselves – fend for themselves – exploitation of the exploitation of the people and the people and the resources.resources.

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/g101ilec/ssa/afh/afcol/afcolfr.htm

What is desertification? Where are What is desertification? Where are some of the examples in which this is some of the examples in which this is happening?happening?

The process by which arable land The process by which arable land turns to desert: West Africa in the turns to desert: West Africa in the Sahel, Madagascar due to slash and Sahel, Madagascar due to slash and burn farming, the “Dust Bowl” region burn farming, the “Dust Bowl” region of the United States in the 1930s, of the United States in the 1930s, and in Chinaand in China

http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/1001/Summer_Session/Desertification.jpg

What is the purpose of the What is the purpose of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt? Aswan High Dam in Egypt? What are some of the What are some of the problems created by this problems created by this dam? dam?

Gives farmers in Gives farmers in Egypt and the Sudan a Egypt and the Sudan a ready supply of irrigation ready supply of irrigation water, which allows them 2 water, which allows them 2 or 3 harvests instead of just or 3 harvests instead of just one. Problems include the one. Problems include the relocation of people during relocation of people during construction, which construction, which changed their way of life. changed their way of life. Temples were moved or Temples were moved or lost under the newly lost under the newly formed Lake Nasser. It also formed Lake Nasser. It also decreased the fertility of decreased the fertility of the soil around the Nile.the soil around the Nile.

http://carbon.cudenver.edu/stc-link/aswan04/images/highaswan.jpg

How did the Berlin Conference How did the Berlin Conference change Africa?change Africa?

Strengthened European rule in the Strengthened European rule in the region, set African groups against region, set African groups against each other, split apart similar each other, split apart similar language and ethnic groups.language and ethnic groups.

Led by King Leopold IIof Belgium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Leopold_ii_garter_knight.jpg

How has AIDS How has AIDS affectedaffected the population in Southern the population in Southern Africa? Africa?

In 2000, 26 million African people live with In 2000, 26 million African people live with AIDS. 2.4 million of the 3 million who died of AIDS AIDS. 2.4 million of the 3 million who died of AIDS that year were from sub-Saharan Africathat year were from sub-Saharan Africa. . 3 out of 3 out of 4 deaths in Swaziland are attributed to AIDS. Life 4 deaths in Swaziland are attributed to AIDS. Life expectancies have dropped significantly.expectancies have dropped significantly.

From which From which regions in Africa regions in Africa did most of the did most of the American slaves American slaves originate? Why?originate? Why?

The western The western part, which was part, which was on the trade on the trade route between route between Europe and the Europe and the AmericasAmericas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_trade

How has European How has European colonization colonization affected Africa? affected Africa?

It has led to many It has led to many of the political of the political violence and ethnic violence and ethnic conflicts that exist conflicts that exist today.today.

What are some economic problems What are some economic problems African countries face today? What African countries face today? What caused these problems?caused these problems?

African problems today Cause of problems

Famine, disease, war Lack of attention by rest of the developed world

Why was the desalinization process Why was the desalinization process developed in SW Asia? developed in SW Asia?

This transformation of sea water to fresh This transformation of sea water to fresh water was developed because of limited water was developed because of limited water resources.water resources.

What are some reasons that the majority of What are some reasons that the majority of people in Russia live west of the Ural people in Russia live west of the Ural Mountains? Mountains?

Trade with European countries, resources, Trade with European countries, resources, climate climate

What is the purpose of OPEC?What is the purpose of OPEC? Most oil is located in the Persian Gulf countries Most oil is located in the Persian Gulf countries

in the Middle East. OPEC was started to give in the Middle East. OPEC was started to give the countries group strength in setting prices the countries group strength in setting prices and controlling production of oiland controlling production of oil

How did the creation of the nation of How did the creation of the nation of Israel increase tension in the region?Israel increase tension in the region?

Land was taken from Palestinians Land was taken from Palestinians and given to Israeland given to Israel

What areas did Israel occupy What areas did Israel occupy after the 6 Day war in 1967?after the 6 Day war in 1967?

Israel gained the Sinai Israel gained the Sinai PeninsulaPeninsula

The European river system has provided excellent transportation throughout the region.

Transportation has always been limited throughout much of Europe.

The Mediterranean Sea has served as restricted trade between the continents.

The geography of northwest Europe encourages a long growing season.

How has the physical geography of the British Isles protected it from invasion in times of war?because large mountains ranges have prevented attacks.because it is an island and Britain has always had a powerful navy. because Britain’s harsh winter climate has detracted enemies from invading.because of Britain’s marine west coast climate.

The Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe is made up of – Great Britain and Ireland Spain and Portugal Norway and Sweden Albania and Yugoslavia

Europe Migrant Work Force

Of the migrant workers that came to Europe, which sector employs the highest percentage of these workers?farmingfactorysales/retailcleaner

TOP ENERGY PRODUCERSTOP ENERGY PRODUCERS

   RussiaRussia AlgeriaAlgeria United StatesUnited States CanadaCanada UkraineUkraine ChinaChina

Natural Liquid Gas (thousand barrels Natural Liquid Gas (thousand barrels per day)per day) 220220 155155 17591759 651651      

Nuclear electric power (billion kWh)Nuclear electric power (billion kWh) 98.398.3    673.7673.7 67.567.5 70.670.6   

Hydroelectric power (billion kWh)Hydroelectric power (billion kWh) 150.5150.5    324.1324.1 329.3329.3    202.9202.9

Coal (million short tons)Coal (million short tons) 272272    11181118 8383 8282 13511351

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, International Energy Annual, 1998SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, International Energy Annual, 1998

Of the countries shown on the chart, rank the hydroelectric energy producers in order 1 st – 4th.

1. Canada2. US3. China4. Russia