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World Energy Trilemma Index | 2016

BENCHMARKING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF NATIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS

In Partnership with OLIVER WYMAN

ABOUT THE WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL

The World Energy Council is the principal

impartial network of energy leaders and

practitioners promoting an affordable,

stable and environmentally sensitive energy

system for the greatest benefit of all.

Formed in 1923, the Council is the UN-

accredited global energy body,

representing the entire energy spectrum,

with over 3,000 member organisations in

over 90 countries, drawn from

governments, private and state

corporations, academia, NGOs and energy

stakeholders. We inform global, regional

and national energy strategies by hosting

high-level events including the World

Energy Congress and publishing

authoritative studies, and work through our

extensive member network to facilitate the

world’s energy policy dialogue.

Further details at www.worldenergy.org

and @WECouncil

ABOUT THE ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX

The World Energy Council’s definition of

energy sustainability is based on three core

dimensions: energy security, energy

equity, and environmental sustainability.

Balancing these three goals constitutes a

‘trilemma’ and is the basis for prosperity

and competitiveness of individual countries.

The World Energy Trilemma Index,

prepared annually by the World Energy

Council in partnership with global

consultancy Oliver Wyman, along with

the Global Risk Centre of its parent

Marsh & McLennan Companies since 2010,

is a comparative ranking of 125 countries’

energy systems. It provides an assessment

of a country’s ability to balance the

trade-offs between the three trilemma

dimensions.

Access the complete Index results and use

the interactive Trilemma Index tool and its

pathway calculator to find out more about

countries’ trilemma performance and what it

takes to build a sustainable energy system:

www.worldenergy.com/data.

Produced in partnership with

OLIVER WYMAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

INTRODUCTION 5 About the annual Energy Trilemma Index 6 Overview of the 2016 Energy Trilemma Index ranking and balance score 8 Placing countries on the Index watch list 12 An energy sector in transition: the 2016 Energy Trilemma Index in context 17

REGIONAL PROFILES 20 Asia 23 Europe 27 Latin America and the Carribean 27 North Africa and Middle East 33 North America 36 Sub-Saharan Africa 40

COUNTRY PROFILES 44

APPENDIX: INDEX METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW 138

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 138

WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL | PERSPECTIVES

NORTH AMERICASTRUGGLES WITH AGEING INFRASTRUCTURE AND EXTREME WEATHER

With 14% of total global greenhouse gas emissions stemming from North America, the region must improve environmental sustainability and update ageing energy infrastructure to strengthen resilience to emerging risks, including extreme weather events and cyber attacks.

Environmental sustainability is expected to improve significantly due to emission reduction measures such as the development of carbon capture, usage and storage technologies, and further diversification of the energy mix.

EUROPEMANAGING THE ENERGY TRANSITION

Although European countries lead the 2016 Index, the region still faces the challenge of managing the energy security and affordability risks resulting from the energy transition.

To maintain a strong Trilemma performance, policymakers must focus on energy market design, regional markets, demand management, and designing an effective carbon price to successfully manage the challenging energy transition.

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANBUILDING RESILIENCE AND ENERGY EQUITY

The Latin America and Caribbean region must work on improving and maintaining its energy security by increasing the energy system’s resilience to extreme weather events and improving energy equity.

Diversifying the energy supply with low-carbon sources such as solar and wind and increasing regional interconnection will be key to securing reliable supply. However, large-scale investments are required to finance the development of resilient energy infrastructure.

ASIADECREASING IMPORT DEPENDENCE IN THE FACE OF GROWING DEMAND

Asia faces the challenge of facilitating sustainable growth of its highly energy-intensive, emerging economies while managing increasing energy demand and growing energy import dependence.

Improvements on all three trilemma dimensions are possible by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and by decreasing import dependence through reliable trade relationships and improved infrastructure.

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICADIVERSIFYING AWAY FROM OIL AND GAS

The main challenges for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are high energy intensity, greenhouse gas emissions, and use of finite fossil fuel reserves. Combined with water scarcity concerns, these challenges, if not addressed, could threaten the region’s energy security and environmental sustainability.

Many MENA countries are focused on improving energy efficiency and diversifying their economies and energy mixes through an increased use of solar and nuclear power. Significant changes to the region’s trilemma performance are likely to show towards the 2020s and 2040s.

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAUNLOCKING RESOURCES AND RENEWABLES POTENTIAL

Sub-Saharan Africa is challenged by the world’s lowest levels of energy access and commercial energy use, despite a rich endowment in resources and high renewables potential.

Stable and widely accessible energy supply could act as a catalyst for regional economic development. To unlock the region’s resource potential and meet future energy demand, the region must attract investment, build institutional capacity and improve its grid and off-grid energy supply.

COUNTRY PERFORMANCE

Top 25% 25% – 50% 50% – 75% Lower 25% n/a

EUROPE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

NORTH AMERICA ASIA

WORLD ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX 2016: REGIONAL OVERVIEWS

© 2016 World Energy Council, Oliver Wyman. Access the data via www.worldenergy.org/data

WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL | ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The World Energy Council’s definition of energy sustainability is based on three core

dimensions: energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. The

Energy Trilemma Index ranks countries’ energy performance around the world and

provides a framework to benchmark progress.

The 2016 Energy Trilemma Index reveals signs of progress on all dimensions of the energy

trilemma. Thirteen of the 125 countries assessed achieve a triple-A score. Efforts to

increase resource productivity and manage energy demand growth will be key in ensuring a

balanced energy trilemma.

Among the countries included in the Index, access to electricity and clean cooking have

both increased by 5% to 85% and 74% since 2000. Meanwhile, cleaner forms of energy are

being used to support energy access and economic growth, with renewables making up

9.7% of total primary energy consumption in 2015. A more diversified and low-carbon

energy mix will help to improve energy security and environmental sustainability but its

positive effects may be stifled by rising energy consumption, which is predicted to increase

by up to 46% by 2060.

This year Denmark, Switzerland and Sweden top the Index, with Denmark also achieving

the highest score for energy security. While not in the top 10 overall, Luxembourg maintains

its position for most equitable (affordable and accessible) and the Philippines is leading the

way on the environmental sustainability dimension. In Latin America, Uruguay ranks the

highest, while in the Middle East, Israel outperforms its regional peers. In Sub-Saharan

Africa, Mauritius performs best, and in Asia, New Zealand remains at the top of the regional

leader board.

FIGURE 1: TOP 10 COUNTRIES IN THE ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX 2016

Source: World Energy Council/Oliver Wyman, 2016

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ABOUT THE ANNUAL ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX The World Energy Council’s definition of energy sustainability is based on three core

dimensions – energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. Taken

together, they constitute a ‘trilemma’, and achieving high performance on all three entails

complex interwoven links between public and private actors, governments and regulators,

economic and social factors, national resources, environmental concerns, and individual

behaviours.

FIGURE 2: THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF THE ENERGY TRILEMMA


The Energy Trilemma Index quantifies the energy trilemma and comparatively ranks 125

countries in terms of their ability to provide a secure, affordable, and environmentally

sustainable energy system. In addition, countries are awarded a balance score that

highlights how well the country manages the trade-offs between the three energy trilemma

dimensions and identifies top performing countries with a triple-A score.

The Index rankings are based on a range of data sets that capture both energy

performance and the context of that energy performance. Energy performance indicators

consider supply and demand, the affordability of and access to energy, and the

environmental impact of a country’s energy production and use. The contextual indicators

consider the broader circumstances of energy performance including a country’s ability to

provide coherent, predictable and stable policy and regulatory frameworks, initiate

research, development and demonstration (RD&D) and innovation, and attract investment.

Prepared annually by the World Energy Council in partnership with global consultancy

Oliver Wyman, along with the Global Risk Centre of its parent Marsh & McLennan

Companies since 2010, the Index methodology was updated and revised in 2016 to capture


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the changing energy landscape. The methodology maintains the focus on the three energy

trilemma dimensions but is enhanced by three main changes. Firstly, the revised

methodology broadens the scope of indicators covered to provide a more inclusive ranking

of the energy sector with a greater focus on the diversity of energy supply. Secondly, the

assessment of energy equity is enhanced by including measures for the quality of supply

and affordability of a wider number of energy resources, including household electricity,

natural gas and diesel costs. Finally, the revised Index includes a consideration of the

resilience of a country’s energy system with indicators for energy storage and the ability of

a country to prepare for and repair energy infrastructure following shocks.

Included in this Index report are:

2016 Energy Trilemma Index rankings and balance scores

2016 watch list

Regional profiles by key geographies

Energy Trilemma profiles for World Energy Council member countries1

As countries have unique resource endowments, policy goals and challenges, the absolute

rank of a country may be less meaningful than its relative performance versus its peers. To

support such analysis, the Index report provides data to generate regional or economic

peer group comparisons. For the deeper Index analysis, countries were organised in four

economic groups:

Group I: GDP per capita greater than US$33,500

Group II: GDP per capita between US$14,300 and US$33,500

Group III: GDP per capita between US$6,000 and US$14,300

Group IV: GDP per capita lower than US$6,000.

Trends, and the balance within the three dimensions, also provide valuable information in

helping countries address their energy trilemma. Decision makers in both the public and

private sectors are encouraged to look at trends in performance over the years, particularly

in each dimension, and to compare their countries against peer groups – including regional

or GDP group peers.

To support decision makers, the World Energy Council and Oliver Wyman have developed

an interactive online tool that allows users to view Index results and compare countries’

1 The World Energy Trilemma Index report only features country profiles for the World Energy Council’s member countries for which sufficient data is available.


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performance against other countries. The pathway calculator allows users to identify what it

takes to improve the energy trilemma performance. The tool can be accessed at:

www.worldenergy.org/data.

Taken as a whole, the World Energy Trilemma Index is a unique and unparalleled resource

and guide for policymakers seeking to develop solutions for sustainable energy systems

and business leaders to support investment decisions.

OVERVIEW OF THE 2016 ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX RANKINGS AND BALANCE SCORE This year’s top 10 ranked countries are all European, except New Zealand, and are led by

Denmark at rank 1. Eight of the top 10 achieve a triple-A score. This reinforces that (a)

countries must perform well across all trilemma dimensions to reach the top of the leader

board and (b) it is possible to develop an energy system in which policies work well

together to balance the trade-offs among energy security, energy equity, and environmental

sustainability. This is demonstrated, for example, through Europe’s long-term, balanced

energy policy, particularly the European Union’s energy and climate policies to 2020, which

have contributed to the region’s success on the trilemma.

FIGURE 3: TOP 10 ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX PERFORMERS OVERALL AND PER DIMENSION



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However, the complex trade-offs that are inherent in energy policymaking, as well as

certain geographic limitations to achieving a trilemma balance, become evident when

analysing countries that excel in one dimension but struggle to achieve a balance.

Luxembourg, for example, which receives the top score in energy equity, ranks 122nd in

energy security and 103rd in environmental sustainability due to its small geographic area

and resulting limitations on the availability and diversity of energy resources and generation

capacity. Countries like Luxembourg will therefore have to redouble their efforts to find

solutions tailored to address their specific situation and weaknesses, such as regional

integration as a path to greater energy security, as ‘typical solutions’, which may apply to

larger, resource-endowed countries, are unlikely to succeed here.

Conversely, the top-10 in environmental sustainability is dominated by states that are able

to take advantage of their renewable energy potential such as the Philippines, Iceland and

Colombia, which all have high geothermal or hydropower capacities. A significant challenge

to these countries, however, is to avoid over-reliance on one single energy source, which

could potentially hamper the resilience of the energy system and with that energy security.

The top-10 in environmental sustainability moreover shows that resource availability is not

the only pre-requisite to achieve top scores for environmental sustainability. Successfully

harnessing the renewables potential also requires a sound institutional framework that

facilitates research and coherent policymaking and implementation.

An analysis of selected key metrics used in this index shows that globally, there are signals

that countries are building more sustainable energy systems by concurrently addressing

energy security, energy equity and environmental sustainability challenges.

Among the countries included in the Index, access to electricity and clean cooking have

both increased by 5% to 85% and 74% respectively since 2000. At the same time, global

CO2 intensity has been decreasing from 0.33 tCO2/US$ in 2000 to 0.27 tCO2/US$ in 2014.

Together these figures point towards a global upward trend with regards to energy equity

and environmental performance, where access to energy is improving at the same time as

cleaner forms of energy are being used to support economic growth.

In addition, the share of renewables in total primary energy consumption has increased

from 6.8% in 2005 to 9.7% in 2015. In this regard, the Index’ regional profiles signal a

positive trend towards greater diversification of energy sources, often through the

exploitation of renewable energy generation potential.


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2016 ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEXAND BALANCE SCORES


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Oil-producing states, for example, are increasingly exploring or actively enhancing solar

power generation to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. Congruently, large developing

states in Asia are working on decreasing their import dependence through an increase in

renewable energy sources.

However, while a more diversified energy mix will help to improve energy security, its

positive effects may be stifled by the global increase in energy consumption. Total primary

energy consumption has been increasing from 2.2 quadrillion Btu in 2008 to 2.4 quadrillion

Btu in 2012. Globally, efforts to increase resource productivity and manage energy demand

growth will be key in ensuring a balanced energy trilemma going forward.

PLACING COUNTRIES ON THE INDEX WATCH LIST The watch list seeks to identify countries that are likely to experience significant changes −

positive or negative − in their Trilemma Index performance in the near future. Due to

constraints on the collection, processing, and dissemination of data, the goal of the watch

list is to reflect developments in a country’s energy sector that are currently ongoing but are

not yet captured in the Index.

TABLE 1: 2016 ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX – POSITIVE WATCH LIST

Country Rank Score Developments to watch

Chile 38 BBB Rapid growth of solar energy production Planned infrastructure improvements

United Arab

Emirates

43 BAD First nuclear power plant to come online in 2017 Green growth strategy Phasing out of gas and electricity subsidies

Ecuador 50 BBC Rapid expansion of hydroelectric power sector

Mexico 52 BBB Liberalisation of oil and gas markets Transition to low-carbon economy

Philippines 61 BCA Energy Reform Plan to strengthen all three

trilemma dimensions

Government is exploring the possibility of nuclear

power generation

Bolivia 100 CCD Expansion of export capacity Stepping up efforts to explore new gas resources

and attract investment



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Positive watch list The following countries remain on the Council’s positive watch list (see Table 1):

Even though the United Arab Emirates (rank 43, BAD) is well endowed with oil

and natural gas reserves, the country is making major investments in low-carbon

energy solutions. This includes the construction of the Barakah nuclear power plant,

the first part of which is to come online in 2017.2 The UAE’s first green growth plan

sets further targets for demand reduction, energy efficiency, and renewable energy,

including the construction of a 1 GW solar park.3 The elimination of subsidies for

petrol and diesel from August 2015, as well as plans to further eliminate subsidies

on electricity and gas are expected to rationalise fuel consumption, protect natural

resources and the environment, and support state finances.4 These developments

have the potential to improve the UAE’s performance in the energy security and

environmental sustainability dimensions but may reduce energy equity scores.

Mexico (rank 52, BBB) continues to pursue the liberalisation of its energy market,

most recently publishing a plan to develop a fully competitive natural gas market by

2018.5 New market rules further aim to promote energy efficiency and set a target of

achieving 35% clean energy by 2024.6 These two transitions, from a monopolistic

structure to a competitive market scheme and from a high-carbon to a low-carbon

economy, are proving to be challenging, especially as improvement and expansion

of the country’s infrastructure is still needed.7 However, the country’s overall energy

trilemma performance is expected to improve as the reforms continue to be

implemented.

The Philippines (rank 61, BCA) has recently introduced the Philippine Energy

Reform Plan (PEP) 2012−2030, which commits the country to strengthening all

three dimensions of the Energy Trilemma. Comprising over 30% of the energy mix,

most of the country’s renewable energy is currently generated through geothermal

and hydropower, and investment in wind and solar energy could help to further

increase the share of renewables in the energy mix and enhance energy security.8

In further pursuit of this end, the country has most recently started exploring the

option of generating nuclear power.9

2 Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC): About Our Nuclear Plants (www.enec.gov.ae/) 3 Beeantna: Building Inclusive Green Economies: The UAE approach, www.beeatna.ae 4 Carpenter C and Khan S, 2015: U.A.E. Removes Fuel Subsidy as Oil Drop Hurts Arab Economies (Bloomberg, 22 July 2015); Kane F, 2016: UAE to Cut Remaining Energy Subsidies, Minister Says (The National, 23 January 2016) 5 King and Spalding, 2016: Client Alert: Development of competitive natural gas market in Mexico 6 Dezem V, 2016: Mexico Sets National target of 5% Renewable Energy by 2018 (Bloomberg, 31 March 2016) 7 Clemente J, 2016: Mexico’s Ever Growing Natural Gas Market (Forbes, 02 July 2016) 8 Tan Hui Ann C, 2016: The Philippines’ Renewable Energy Sector is Booming (and It Could Get Bigger) (CNBC, 09 August 2016) 9 Cruz E, 2016: Philippines May Open Mothballed Marcos-era Nuclear Power Plant (Reuters, 30 August 2016); Republic of the Philippines Department of Energy, 2016: Philippines to Host Nuclear Energy Conference, www.doe.gov.ph


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The following countries have been added to the Council’s positive watch list in 2016

(see Table 1):

Chile (rank 38, BBB) made headlines in June as its high supply of solar energy led

to a drop in consumer prices to zero in certain areas on several occasions this

year.10 While this exemplifies Chile’s role as the largest producer of renewable

energy in South America, it also illustrates serious systemic difficulties, as continued

oversupply will be detrimental to investment. The main challenge faced by Chile is

thus to expand the capacity of its infrastructure and adapt to the intermittency of

solar and wind power to keep up with its rapid growth in renewable energy

production. In particular, the northern and southern electricity grids of the country

need to be connected for a more effective distribution. A project to do just that is

underway and expected to be completed by 2017. If successful, Chile’s renewable

energy expansion could strengthen all three trilemma dimensions in the country.

Ecuador (rank 50, BBC) is undergoing a major shift towards renewable energy,

with eight new hydroelectric power plants to come online in the period 2015−2017.

A total of 93% of the country’s energy supply is currently coming from hydropower.

This development, if accompanied by a supportive fossil fuel infrastructure and

improvements to the supply network, has the potential to significantly strengthen

Ecuador’s performance across all dimensions of the Trilemma.

Following the 2006 nationalisation of Bolivia’s (rank 100, CCD) oil and gas sector,

the country now plans to significantly increase its export capacity to become the

‘Energy Heart of South America’.11 To achieve this, Bolivia plans to triple its energy

supply by 2020. This will entail the challenges of stepping up exploration efforts,

improving supply infrastructure, and attracting new investment. Considering

Bolivia’s vast gas resources, this project could add significantly to the equity of

access and energy security dimensions of the trilemma in Bolivia as well as the

entire region.

10 Dezem V and Quiroga J, 2016: Chile Has So much Solar Energy It’s giving It Away For Free (Bloomberg, 02 June 2016) 11 Wilson J, 2015: Bolivia Wants to Become the Energy Heart of South America (Financial Times, 26 October 2015)


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TABLE 2: 2016 ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX – NEGATIVE WATCH LIST

Country Rank Score Developments to watch

Germany 5 AAA Continuing high cost of the energy transition

Reform in renewables support scheme

United Kingdom 11 AAA Energy security concerns and an uncertain

regulatory regime impact investments in nuclear

and gas sector

Political events create uncertainty around climate

and energy policy

United States 14 AAC Ageing transmission infrastructure and impending

coal-fired power plant retirements

Increased frequency of extreme weather events

Japan 30 CAB Continuation of high import dependence

Political, legal, and administrative barriers to

diversification

Brazil 57 CBB Droughts affecting hydroelectricity generation

Sharp increase in energy prices

South Africa 84 CCD Continuing struggle with power shortages

Maintenance efforts by main utility creates

difficulties for independently produced renewable

energy to enter the market

Source: World Energy Council / Oliver Wyman, 2016

Negative watch list The following countries remain on the negative watch list (see Table 2):

While Germany’s (rank 5, AAA) overall ranking has improved, it remains on the

Council’s negative watch list as it continues to be affected by the impacts of the plan

to transition Germany's energy system, which includes goals of increasing power

generation from renewable sources, a reduction of primary energy usage and CO2

emissions, as well as the phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 (14% of the electricity

generation mix in 2014).12 However, a reform of the legislation for renewables

support, to come into force in 2017, shifting from feed-in tariffs (FITs) to market-

based support mechanisms, may impact the speed of this transition. Further,

Germany’s energy equity performance has seen a decline over the past years as

energy services became more expensive due to renewable energy subsidies being 12 Appunn K, 2016: Germany’s Energy Consumption and Power Mix in Charts (Clean Energy Wire, 09 June 2016)


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levied. Further changes in energy security and environmental sustainability are

expected in future evaluations.

The United Kingdom (rank 11, AAA) continues to face significant challenges in

securing energy supply. Plans to close the UK’s remaining coal plants are being put

into question by the country’s decision to leave the EU, as a potential exit from the

single market could significantly increase the cost of its energy imports. The

government recently agreed to the planned construction of a nuclear reactor at

Hinkley Point after a prolonged debate on cost and energy security concerns.

However, investment uncertainty remains due to planned changes to the regulation

of foreign ownership of critical infrastructure. Moreover, the recent sharp decrease

in FITs for wind and solar power may hinder investments in these sectors, impacting

the country's goal to further diversify its energy supply and improve environmental

sustainability. The newly established Department for Business, Energy and

Industrial Strategy, which replaces the Department of Energy and Climate Change,

may however provide more clarity for future energy investments.

Despite an improvement in its overall ranking, the United States (rank 14, AAC)

faces a key challenge in addressing its ageing energy transmission, storage, and

distribution systems, as highlighted by the Department of Energy's Quadrennial

Energy Review.13 While there have been initiatives to diversify the country’s energy

supply and improve its emergency response measures in light of the increasing

frequency of extreme weather events, more investment is needed to tackle this

challenge.14 In addition, the majority of coal-fired and nuclear power plants are at

least 30 years old, and, with an average lifespan of just 40 years, will need to be

replaced over the coming years.15 This poses challenges to the country's energy

security over the coming years despite the expected increase in the country’s

energy exports. Moreover, the markedly different approaches to climate and energy

policy of the two leading parties in the upcoming 2016 presidential election further

add an element of political uncertainty to the sector.

The government of Japan (rank 30, CAB) is pursuing a strategy of diversifying its

energy supply, which, since the accident at Fukushima, has been comprised

overwhelmingly of fossil fuels. The new strategy will include increasing the share of

renewables to 13−14% and the share of nuclear energy to 10−11% of the national

primary energy supply by 2030.16 To this effect, three of the country’s nuclear

reactors are back online, while the resumption of energy production at other

reactors has so far been delayed due to time-consuming examinations by the

Nuclear Regulation Authority, political difficulties and legal challenges.17

13 Conca J, 2015: It Really Is Our Aging infrastructure (Forbes, 21 May 2015) 14 US Department of Energy, 2016: Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz Calls for Increased Investment to Enhance US Energy Emergency Response 15 EIA, 2011: Age of Electric Power Generators Varies Widely, 16 June 2011 16 Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2015: Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 17 Stapczynski S, 2016: Japan Reactor Restart Signals Latest Step in Nuclear Rebirth


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The capacity of South Africa’s (rank 84, CCD) energy system has improved over

the past year due to increasing investment in infrastructure maintenance and fossil

fuels, and the frequency of blackouts has decreased. However, the country still

struggles to diversify its energy sources, with the majority of its electricity still being

supplied by Eskom through fossil fuels.18 Plans to build new nuclear reactors are on

hold, and independent producers of renewable energy, while having made some

advances over the past two years, still need to develop strong inroads into the

country’s supply. Unless these residual issues are addressed, South Africa’s

sustainability score is unlikely to improve.

In 2016, Brazil was added to the Council’s negative watch list:

Brazil (Rank 57, CBB), which produces over 70% of its total energy through

hydroelectric power, has recently experienced a severe drought, lasting from 2014

until late 2015. This has negatively impacted many of the country’s hydroelectric

facilities.19 Another concern is the sharp rise in energy prices by 50% in 2015, with

further increases expected in the future. Policymakers have to find ways to render

the country’s energy sector more resilient to extreme weather events and pursue

policies to guarantee energy security and equity of access.

AN ENERGY SECTOR IN TRANSITION: THE 2016 ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX IN CONTEXT Every country has opportunities to improve its energy performance, regardless of whether

they are ranked first or last. However, the energy sector is at a transition point and

improving energy performance will prove to be challenging. In addition, energy services

must expand to meet rising global energy demand in many emerging economies and

provide more than 1 billion people with needed access to modern energy services. Energy

infrastructure needs to be expanded using low-carbon technologies while energy security

and reliability must be maintained and strengthened in a context of increasing risks and

resilience challenges posed by running legacy systems. At the same time new business

models to tackle these challenges are becoming more prominent, which will require new

approaches to market designs and regulation.

Energy industry and energy leaders have been implementing changes and making strides

to meet these challenges. To meet energy and climate goals, governments must enact and

continue to push the evolution of energy policies and financing solutions that support rapid

transitions and expansion of energy infrastructure.

The 2016 World Energy Trilemma: Defining measures to accelerate the energy transition,

the companion report to this Index, identified five focus areas to drive progress on the

(Bloomberg, 11 August 2016); Harding R, 2016: Japan’s Nuclear Restart Stymied by Courts (Financial Times, 06 April 2016) 18 Cohen M and Burkhardt P, 2015: What is South Africa Doing to Tackle Its Electricity Crisis? (Bloomberg, 08 September 2015) 19 Leahy J, 2015: São Paulo Drought Raises Fears of Brazil Energy Crisis (Financial Times, 11 February 2015)


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energy trilemma and offers guidance in the complex task of translating the trilemma goals

of energy security, energy equity and environmental sustainability into tangible actions.

The five focus areas are derived from a review of the findings of the past five trilemma

reports and Trilemma Index trends over the same time period as well as a wide

assessment of country energy strategies.

Five focus areas to accelerate the energy transition Drawing on case studies and interviews with energy leaders, this 2016 report identifies five

focus areas necessary to make progress on the energy trilemma:

1. TRANSFORMING ENERGY SUPPLY. Policymakers and decision makers must set clear

and straightforward energy targets and build a broad consensus for the transition in energy

supply and demand. This process must include new entrants to the energy sector and early

engagement with affected communities. Taking an adaptive approach by launching pilot

projects and regularly analysing policy effectiveness is crucial for the successful delivery

and implementation of policies.

2. ADVANCING ENERGY ACCESS. Many emerging and developing economies continue

to struggle to expand energy infrastructures to support advanced energy security, reliability

and access. To increase private sector investments in infrastructure expansion and

modernisation, countries are reforming regulatory frameworks to decrease the cost of doing

business, and to increase competitiveness in the electricity market. In tandem, distributed

generation through solar and wind renewables is bringing energy access to rural and

remote communities that cannot currently be cost-effectively connected to the grid.

Solely expanding energy access infrastructure is not enough. Countries must look to a

range of innovative mechanisms that enable affordable access for people to utilise the

benefits of modern energy for income-generating activities. Innovative mechanisms include

pay-as-you-go business models and mobile banking solutions to promote the take-up of

renewable-powered energy services.

3. ADDRESSING AFFORDABILITY. Many countries with lower gross domestic products

(GDPs) and low rankings on the energy equity dimension are struggling to ensure energy

affordability while financing or creating the investment conditions to support energy

infrastructure expansion. Over the short term, subsidies can be vital for lower-income

consumers and for supporting social and economic programmes. Energy subsidies can be

costly to deploy, are contentious to remove, and tend to decrease overall performance on

the energy trilemma over the long term. The case studies in 2016 World Energy Trilemma

report demonstrate how long-term subsidies can erode the profitability of utilities, stall

improvements in energy infrastructure and stimulate inefficient energy use.

4. IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND MANAGING DEMAND. Energy efficiency

and managing energy demand continue to be globally perceived as top action priorities with

huge potential for improvement. As highlighted through the case studies in the companion

report, cost savings alone are often insufficient to stimulate the adoption of energy

efficiencies or behaviours.


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Policymakers must align the interests of asset owners, users and regulators, and continue

to implement a combination of energy efficiency standards, performance ratings, labelling

programmes and incentives. They must also increase awareness across all industrial

sectors, and encourage consumers to continue to focus on greater energy efficiency.

5. DECARBONISING THE ENERGY SECTOR. The groundbreaking conclusion of COP 21

added increasing momentum to the global transition to low-carbon energy. Dynamic and

flexible renewable energy investment policies are the key to responding to evolving market

dynamics and technological developments. Meeting COP 21 climate goals will require a

clear path to a meaningful carbon price signal and changes beyond the energy sector and

across the economy. Governments have a role in building the necessary consensus for

change.

Recommendations There are lessons emerging from innovative and tried-and-tested policies to overcome

barriers and make progress on the energy trilemma:

Policy matters: Policy choices, and creating a regime to support a robust energy sector,

are critical to lasting energy trilemma performance regardless of a country’s resources or

geographic location.

Time matters: Policies and investments intended to change energy supply and demand at

a national level will take time and will likely be disruptive. Countries must act now to

progress on the trilemma with secure, equitable and environmentally sustainable energy to

support a thriving energy sector, a competitive economy and a healthy society.

Other recommendations include:

Improved coordination and looking beyond the energy sector to meet climate

change goals is critical.

Policymakers should provide clarity to the market with succinct and aligned signals

when devising policy strategies in order for investors to assess their commitments

against long-term trends.

Governments need to be strongly supportive of private sector investment in

research, innovation and development.

A change-management approach in communicating policies and setting

expectations should be adopted to take into account technology changes and any

setbacks that may occur in the future to avoid stakeholder backlash.

Desired transitions in the energy sector must be accompanied and stimulated by

transitions in regulatory frameworks. ‘Energy 2.0’ must be enabled by ‘regulations

2.0’.

W

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WORLD ENE

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RGY TRILEEMMA INDEEX


21

REGIONAL PROFILES

The variability in performance seen across the three dimensions of the Trilemma Index

shows the degree to which the energy challenges faced by each country are unique.

However, the transnational nature of both energy markets and environmental sustainability

issues necessitates a view that extends past the country level. A comparison of key metrics

across geographical regions and GDP groups (see Table 3) illustrates this point.

TABLE 3: COMPARISON OF KEY METRICS ACROSS GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS AND GDP GROUPS


As shown in the World Energy Trilemma reports, energy leaders have emphasised the

need to examine opportunities to adopt regionally coordinated approaches to energy

resources, infrastructure and regulation. However, the disparities between and within

regions make this a difficult task.

21,313 31.1 88 46 75 0.11 2,284 0.09 0.29 10.7 3.9

Geographical region GD

P pe

r cap

ita,

PPP

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Popu

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Asia

Europe 32,390 25.4 100 75 85 0.22 2,499 0.09 0.28 8.9 0.0

Lat. Am. & Caribbean 13,203 31.7 92 54 85 0.12 3,678 0.08 0.24 14.5 3.4

Middle East & N. Africa 37,417 46.2 97 94 95 0.12 2,325 0.08 0.35 12.1 4.7

North America 39,141 27.8 100 84 95 0.20 4,223 0.10 0.35 10.2 0.3

Sub-Saharan Africa 5,628 26.2 37 16 50 0.08 3,794 0.15 0.18 16.2 3.8

Group I 54,608 31.9 98 88 88 0.24 2,078 0.08 0.26 6.4 1.1

Group II 22,818 32.0 97 76 87 0.18 2,998 0.08 0.32 10.7 1.8

Group III 10,999 31.1 89 47 83 0.11 3, 117 0.09 0.29 13.1 3.2

Group IV 3,360 24.7 47 13 49 0.08 3,463 0.16 0.19 18.1 4.3

GDP group

Global average 22.937 30.1 84 57 78 0.18 2,920 0.10 0.27 11.9 2.5


22

This section presents regional energy trilemma balances and performances. In addition,

with reference to the World Energy Council’s Scenarios to 2060, it outlines the trilemma

challenges and opportunities each region will face going forward.

The World Energy Scenarios identify three possible routes through a Grand Transition to

2060: Modern Jazz, Hard Rock and Unfinished Symphony.

The Grand Transition refers to the world’s energy evolution through to 2060. While there

are many uncertainties in this transition, there are a number of known, strong trends that

will fundamentally change the world’s energy system. Regardless of the selected energy

scenario, the trends of the Grand Transition will lead to a world in 2060 with:

a significantly lower population and slower global labour force growth

a range of new energy technologies

a greater appreciation of the planet’s environmental boundaries

a shift in economic and geopolitical power towards Asia.

There are three possible paths for the energy sector during this transition:

Modern Jazz: The world of 2060 has a diverse set of resilient and lower carbon energy

systems. There is a complex, competitive and efficient market landscape that promotes the

open access to information, innovation and the rapid deployment of new technologies.

Unfinished Symphony: The world of 2060 has a global, integrated and resilient low

carbon energy system. Global institutions and national governments support enabling

technologies and there is unified action on security, environmental and economic issues.

Hard Rock: The world of 2060 has a set of diverse economic, energy and sustainability

outcomes. National interests result in a fractured world with little collaboration between

governments. Deployment of enabling technologies is limited based on availability of local

resources and little attention is paid to climate change.


23

ASIA

Asia faces the challenge of facilitating sustainable growth of its highly energy-

intensive, emerging economies while managing increasing energy demand and

growing energy import dependence. Improvements on all three trilemma dimensions

are possible by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and decreasing

import dependence through reliable trade relationships and improved infrastructure.

FIGURE 4: ASIA’S ENERGY TRILEMMA PROFILE


Asia is the world’s largest and most populous continent and energy demand is continuing to

grow. The region includes a diverse array of economies, with less developed countries

(Nepal and Pakistan), rapidly developing economies (China, India, Indonesia), and highly-

developed nations (Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand).

Many countries in the region are in the lower half of the Index. Nonetheless, several

countries have exhibited positive trends in their trilemma performance. The Philippines, for

instance, has improved the diversity of its electricity generation, which now includes more

than 15% of electricity generated from non-hydropower renewable energy sources. This

achievement has allowed the country to decrease its dependence on fuel imports, improve

electricity access and quality of electricity supply, as well as reduce emission intensity.

However, possibly the most notable energy development of the region is occurring in

Australia. The country now has several Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) projects in operation

and three more under construction.20 With an expansion of LNG exports, the higher

adoption of natural gas could be an important means of improving the region’s energy

trilemma profile.

Between 2040 and 2050, Asia is projected to surpass North America and Europe combined

in terms of GDP, population size, military, health, and education spending, and

technological investment.21 In line with these projections, fast-growing Asian economies are 20 Appea, 2016: Australian LNG projects 21 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios to 2060

Asian countriesAustraliaAzerbaijanBangladeshCambodiaChinaHong Kong, ChinaIndiaIndonesia

JapanKazakhstanKorea (Rep.)MalaysiaMongoliaNepalNew ZealandPakistan

PhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTajikistanThailandVietnam


24

currently in the midst of a highly energy-intensive stage of their economic development

characterised by massive investments in infrastructure.

China and India in particular are expected to play significant roles in determining the future

of the region’s energy mix and sustainability; these two countries will be the primary driver

behind demand growth to 2060 in the region (see Figure 5).

FIGURE 5: PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION (PER CAPITA) IN CHINA AND INDIA UP TP 2060

Source: World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios to 2060

As these countries’ economies continue to grow, it is especially important that they

transition away from carbon-intensive energy sources and economic activities to ensure

global climate targets are met. This may be challenging as the rapid growth in car

ownership in China and India illustrates. In an effort to reduce GHG emissions, the Chinese

government has invested heavily in electric vehicle subsidies (US$4.6bn) with a target of

5 million electric cars on the road by 2020. However, with current forecasts estimating that

only 1.29 million electric cars will be sold by then, it is questionable whether this target will

be met.22 Meanwhile, India aims to have an all-electric car fleet by 2030, but will face

limitations due to poor electricity infrastructure.23

Energy security is a key focus for the region and, according to the World Energy Scenarios,

will remain so over the next 50 years. This focus has led to significant investments in and

national pledges to use renewable energy sources in some Asian countries, which is

expected to positively impact the diversity of energy supply in the region.

Due to low natural resource endowments, the East Asian region, including Korea, Japan,

and China largely depends on imports to meet its current energy consumption needs. This

significantly impacts East Asia’s ability to secure its energy supply independently. The

Republic of Korea, for example, relies almost entirely on crude oil imports and is the second

largest importer of LNG after Japan. Japan is also the second largest coal importer and 22 Automotive News, 2016: Skepticism Surrounds China EV Boom 23 Green Car Reports, 2016: India’s Ambitious Goal: All Electric Vehicles on Road by 2030

Modern Jazz Unfinished Symphony Hard Rock

0

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2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Final energy consumption per capita (GJ) - China

0123456789

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Final energy consumption per capita (GJ) - India

Modern Jazz Unfinished Symphony Hard Rock


25

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0

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2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

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Modern Jazz Unfinished Symphony Hard Rock Modern Jazz Unfinished Symphony Hard Rock

third largest net importer of crude oil and petroleum products in the world.24 In 2013, China

became the world’s largest net importer of oil.25

Despite Asia’s current struggle to balance the energy trilemma, it has the potential to

improve on all three dimensions of the energy trilemma over the next 50 years. According

to the 2016 World Energy Scenarios, energy intensity is expected to decrase between

25−76% by 2060 and CO2 intensity could decrease between 73−93% by 2060 compared to

2014 levels (see Figure 6 and 7).26 Moreover, diversity of primary energy supply will

increase compared to 2014, providing a positive outlook on the energy security of the

region. However, the region’s energy security may be negatively impacted by the

increasing dependence on energy imports. In order to minimise the vulnerability caused by

increasing import dependence, the region should focus on building reliable trading

relationships and developing its energy infrastructure.

FIGURE 6: CENTRAL ASIA’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENSITY

FIGURE 7: EAST ASIA’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENS


24 U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2013: Japan is the Second Largest Net Importer of Fossil Fuels in the World 25 U.S. Energy Information Administration 26 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios to 2060

0

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2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060


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2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060




26

2010 2030 2060

Modern Jazz Unfinished Symphony

EJ/y

Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables

Hard Rock

2010 2030 2060 2010 2030 20600

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250

300

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20

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2010 2030 2060


EJ/y


Hard Rock

2010 2030 2060 2010 2030 2060

The region’s future energy trilemma performance will depend on the path it takes. The

Modern Jazz Scenario serves as a transition to a highly productive world, in which Asia is

the economic and geopolitical centre. If Asia does not make concerted efforts to shift to

renewable energy sources and address poverty and inequity, a declining performance on

the environmental sustainability and energy equity dimensions of the energy trilemma may

be inevitable; this would impact the region’s ability to drive a balanced improvement on the

energy trilemma.

FIGURE 8: CENTRAL ASIA’S PROJECTED DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY

FIGURE 9: EAST ASIA’S PROJECTED DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY



27

EUROPE

Although European countries lead the 2016 Index, the region still faces the challenge

of managing the energy security and affordability risks resulting from the energy

transition. To maintain a strong trilemma performance, policymakers must focus on

energy market design, regional markets, demand management, and designing an

effective carbon price to successfully manage the challenging energy transition.

FIGURE 10: EUROPE’S ENERGY TRILEMMA PROFILE


European countries lead the 2016 Index, claiming nine of the top 10 spots. The European

Union’s (EU) long-term climate and energy strategy, implemented through the ‘2020

Climate and Energy Package’ is a key driver contributing towards the region’s continued

strong Index performance.27 Analysis shows that the EU is broadly on track to meet the

20-20-20 goals.28 Together with the region’s strong Index performance this shows that the

EU’s policy making is contributing towards the region’s success in the Index.

However, temporary external factors, including the global financial crisis of 2008/09 may

have accelerated the progress on these energy sustainability goals in the short term due to

the associated dip in energy demand and reduction in industrial activity. In order to secure

the top ranks of the Index going forward, the region needs to continue working on the

20-20-20 goals. Additionally, the region should focus on energy security, while ensuring the

long-term affordability of the energy system (at both the household and industrial levels).

Government policies aimed at achieving the 20-20-20 targets threaten the financial viability

of the overall power sector, which will further financially impact both governments and

consumers. This highlights the challenges that Europe faces in developing policies that

promote balanced progress on the energy trilemma. Specifically, policies to achieve climate 27 World Energy Trilemma 2016: Defining measures to accelerate the energy transition 28 Eurostat, 2016: Europe 2020 indicators − climate change and energy

European countriesAlbaniaArmeniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermany

GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia (Rep.)MaltaMoldovaMontenegroNetherlandsNorway

PolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited Kingdom


28

targets and increase the share of renewables have distorted electricity markets, causing

decreased wholesale prices, and in turn have undermined investments in wholesale

capacity. These occurrences render modern gas plants non-viable, while older, more

polluting coal plants with lower marginal costs are able to operate profitably.

For example, Germany requires a total investment of US$58bn until 2033 to ensure the

security of supply for conventional power generation and storage.29 Under current

conditions, the utilities’ market share in power generation capacity is projected to decline by

one-third, to less than 50% by 2033 as households and businesses invest directly in their

own renewables-based power generation capacity. The German government will have to

redesign the structure of its electricity market to compensate backup providers, keep

conventional generation viable and encourage financing of larger-scale generation capacity

during a period of energy transition. Along with this, the German government will need to

focus on making gas power plants a more attractive investment option than CO2-intensive

coal power plants.

The UK also faces significant challenges in securing energy supply following the steady

decline of domestic production of fossil fuels, the phase-out of nuclear power plants, and

the introduction of European legislation that would force many coal plants to close. Ageing

infrastructure, reduced investments in the wind and solar sectors, and tightened reserve

capacity margins impose further strains on energy supply. The current uncertainty in future

energy policy presented by the ‘Brexit’ referendum vote may stall necessary investments in

updated energy infrastructure.

Eastern European countries face a different set of obstacles in addressing their future

progress on the energy trilemma, particularly in energy security and environmental

sustainability, including developing financial markets and a secure investment environment

to encourage investment in the energy system to support economic growth.

Europe outperforms all regions with regards to energy access and the reliability of energy

supply. However, high energy prices are a concern to many European countries. At

governmental level, high expenditure is required to stimulate renewable energy growth.

From 2012 to 2020, for example, an estimated €40.5bn will be spent in France to support

the renewable power sector.30 A significant portion of this investment will be borne at the

consumer level.

To secure a high and balanced performance on the Energy Trilemma Index, meet the

20-20-20 targets, and the more ambitious energy targets set for 2030, European

policymakers must enhance their existing climate and energy efforts. Specifically, they must

place a greater focus on energy market design, regional energy markets, energy demand

management, and the proper price setting for carbon.

29 Oliver Wyman, 2014: Power Generation Disruption: Germany’s Case for Change 30 Deloitte, 2015: Energy Market Reform in Europe


29

2010 2030 2060


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Hard Rock

2010 2030 2060 2010 2030 20600

20

40

60

80

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120

140

FIGURE 11: EUROPE’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENSITY


Despite the policy challenges ahead, all three World Energy Scenarios show promising

trends to 2060 (see Figure 11): final energy intensity is predicted to decrease by 21−59%

by 2060, while CO2 intensity is expected to decrease by 41−83% by 2060, showing positive

trends for Europe’s performance on the environmental sustainability dimension of the

energy trilemma in the long term. The region’s performance on the energy security

dimension is also predicted to fare well over the long term, with energy imports falling from

their current 12% to 5−9.6% by 2060. At the same time, the diversity of primary energy

supply is expected to increase (see Figure 12).

FIGURE 12: EUROPE’S PROJECTED DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

5

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060


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30

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region must work on improving and

maintaining its energy security by increasing the energy system’s resilience to

extreme weather events and improving energy equity. Diversifying the energy supply

with low-carbon sources such as solar and wind and increasing regional

interconnection will be key. However, large-scale investments are required to finance

the development of resilient energy infrastructure.

FIGURE 13: LAC’S ENERGY TRILEMMA PROFILE


LAC is an energy-rich region with large oil and gas deposits and great natural endowments

of exploitable renewable energy. The region is comprised of both net energy importers and

exporters, including OPEC members Ecuador and Venezuela. The LAC region includes the

majority of the world’s hydro-powered countries such as Colombia, Uruguay, Costa Rica,

Ecuador, Brazil, Peru and Paraguay. Many LAC countries with higher performance on the

Index owe their success to leveraging strong hydropower capabilities. In Brazil and

Colombia in particular, the extensive use of hydropower has led to low emissions and

higher electrification rates.

Environmental sustainability is LAC’s strongest trilemma dimension, with the region as a

whole accounting for only 9% of the world’s GHG emissions. In the long term, the region’s

environmental performance is expected to improve even further, with CO2 emission

intensity expected to decrease by 26−81% by 2060 and the region’s energy intensity

decreasing by 10−59% by 2060.31

However, the region’s strong reliance on hydropower is also a risk factor for energy security

as it is highly susceptible to changing weather patterns. For example, in 2015 and early

2016, the region’s hydropower output was significantly affected by El Niño related droughts.

31 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios to 2060

LAC countriesArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaDominican Republic

EcuadorEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasJamaicaNicaragua

PanamaParaguayPeruTrinidad & TobagoUruguayVenezuela


31

The resulting power shortages led to spikes in energy prices and the need to use less

efficient and more polluting short-term back-up energy sources to manage the power

shortages. While El Niño effects are natural, recurring events, their frequency and severity

are expected to increase over time, making the region more vulnerable to decreased

hydroelectric power generation and energy shortages in the long term.32

FIGURE 14: LAC’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENSITY


The region’s success in adapting to changing weather patterns and the water-energy nexus

will impact its path to greater energy sustainability. For example, to address increased

droughts, LAC countries must develop and implement substantial soft and hard resilience

measures, including conventional, solar and wind power generation. Regional integration

(e.g., the Central American Integrated System Project, which will connect Guatemala,

El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama) is expected to play an

increasingly important role in the region’s ability to increase resilience.

Another critical approach to mitigating the impacts of reduced hydropower resources is

attracting investment. To be successful in this area, LAC countries will need to develop a

secure investment profile, a task which will require overcoming several hurdles. In

particular, hydropowered LAC countries will need to develop a strong pipeline of ‘bankable

projects’ and increase investors’ comfort with new renewables to strengthen the resilience

of energy systems. For example, Argentina is particularly limited by a lack of investment in

all energy sectors due to a persisting energy price freeze instituted by its government in

response to the 2001 economic crisis, which has stunted the profitability of the energy

sector. Although the country possesses large reserves of unconventional oil and natural

gas, it is unable to exploit them due to its inability to attract the new investors necessary to

do so. Countries that are not locked into fossil fuel heavy development paths, such as

Nicaragua, also have problems attracting potential investments due to country risk ratings.

Looking to the future energy trilemma path, efforts to diversify the energy mix are promising

to be successful in the long term, with the diversity of energy supply increasing by 2060. 32 Yale environment 360, 2016: El Niño and Climate Change: Wild weather may get wilder; World Energy Council, 2015: World Energy Perspective: The road to resilience − Managing and financing extreme weather risks

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32

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A number of low-carbon, renewable energy sources such as biomass, which is expected to

increase from 18% to 24−40% by 2060, will change the current composition of the primary

energy mix and ensure greater resilience and energy security. At the same time, the share

of oil will decrease from 47% today to 20−34% in 2060.33

FIGURE 15: LAC’S PROJECTED DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY


While the share of net energy imports is expected to be near zero by 2060 for all scenarios,

final energy consumption per capita is expected to increase by 53−85% by 2060. This

indicates that the region will largely be energy self-sufficient by 2060, further contributing

towards its energy security.

Historically, industrialising countries have substantially increased their impact on the

environment as they strive to boost economic growth and access to modern energy

services. As most of these LAC countries’ economies are still developing, their challenge as

they shift away from hydropower will be to meet a growing demand for electricity while

maintaining a low environmental footprint. While urbanisation continues throughout the

region, mitigating and adapting to the exacerbated impacts of extreme weather events in

megacities, which are largely based around ports and require substantial energy

infrastructure, will be a great challenge. At the same time, the region must address the

resulting increases in smog, GHG, and CO2 emissions to maintain the existing air quality.

However, industrialisation, urbanisation and environmental sustainability are not mutually

exclusive and lessons can be drawn from the experiences made by hydropowered

countries, such as Brazil, Panama, Colombia or Ecuador.

33 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios to 2060


33

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

The main challenges for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries are high

energy intensity, GHG emissions, and use of finite fossil fuel reserves. Combined

with water scarcity concerns, these challenges, if not addressed, could threaten the

region’s energy security and environmental sustainability. Many MENA countries are

focused on improving energy efficiency and diversifying their economies and energy

mixes through an increased use of solar and nuclear power. Significant changes to

the region’s trilemma performance are however only likely to show towards the

2020s and 2040s.

FIGURE 16: MENA’S ENERGY TRILEMMA PROFILE


The MENA region is central to the world’s oil and gas agenda. The region has tremendous

fossil fuel resources, with 54.9% of global oil and 50.3% of global gas.34 As the Trilemma

Index emphasises diversity and resilience as well as demand management in measuring

energy security, MENA countries have a comparatively weaker energy security

performance. To improve their energy security, many countries in the region are

diversifying their energy mix and power generation, and are working on reducing final

energy consumption. In the long term, the region is expected to increase the diversity of

primary energy supply and reduce its final energy consumption per capita by 1−5%.

However, these changes will only become visible towards the 2020s and 2040s.

In the short term however, the complex political and security landscape in some MENA

countries is translating into reduced investments and supply disruptions, which are

exacerbated by low oil prices; supply disruptions amount to almost three million barrels per

day (Mb/d), with those disruptions concentrated in Libya (1.3 Mb/d) and Iran (860 Kb/d).35

34 BP, 2016: Statistical Review of World Energy 35 BP, 2015: BP Statistical Review of the World 2015 and Chatham House: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2016: Middle East and North Africa Energy; Carnegie Endowment for

MENA countriesAlgeriaBahrainEgyptIran (Islamic Rep.)Iraq

IsraelJordanKuwaitLebanonMorocco

OmanQatarSaudi ArabiaTunisiaUnited Arab Emirates


34

FIGURE 17: MENA’S PROJECTED DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY


Many energy security concerns in less oil-rich countries relate to the Nile and the energy-

water-food nexus. Egypt, for example, is dependent on the Nile for 97% of its water needs

and experiences limited rainfalls, a trend that is set to continue. Coupled with population

growth and the potential redistribution of the Nile’s resources to other riparian nations,36

Egypt’s water overuse may lead to severe water scarcity in the future and impact plans

for increased hydropower in the region. In fact, Egypt could run out of water by 2025,

which highlights the energy-water-food nexus challenges the country and region are facing.37

Fossil-fuelled economies, such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE, are also facing energy

security threats due to their high rate of energy consumption growth. However, many of

these countries have recognised these risks and are making concerted efforts to mitigate

their effects, including energy diversification. The UAE, for example, has set the goal to

increase the low-carbon energy contribution of renewable energy and nuclear power to

International Peace, 2015: Middle East and North Africa Oil Producers are Facing a New Price Reality 36 Upstream riparian nations are experiencing high population growth, leading to additional strains on the Nile. Uganda and Ethiopia are undergoing especially high population growth levels, at 3.1% and 2.9% per annum respectively, which will intensify water needs due to rising consumption by industry, agriculture and households. Ethiopia is simultaneously experiencing strong economic growth, at 7.5% over the past three years, which is stimulating the development of infrastructure projects along the Nile. As other upstream nations experience economic growth, additional water infrastructure projects are expected to follow, which could lead to reduced flows for downstream riparian nations. 37 Future Directions International, 2013: Conflict on the Nile: The future of transboundary water disputes over the world’s longest river

2010 2030 2060


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35

24% of the overall energy mix by 2021.38 The UAE plans to meet these targets using

government-driven investment in large infrastructure projects, technical assistance and

cooperation agreements with international energy agencies and governments, as well as

economic support mechanisms including net metering and slab tariffs, to improve the

competitiveness of solar energy and overall improved energy efficiency.

Saudi Arabia is pursuing energy reforms to address its energy security concerns. In

December 2015, the country announced the first round of its energy reforms, which

includes raising the price of gasoline with the goal of promoting energy efficiency and

reducing the cost of subsidies. With fossil fuel subsidies amounting to over US$62bn, of

which 75% are for oil, subsidy reductions are expected to cut costs by 12% following the

energy reform. Prices will be increased by 60% for petrol, approximately 66% for gas and

around 130% for ethane. The subsidy reforms are expected to generate US$30bn in

savings per year by 2020.39

FIGURE 18: MENA’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENSITY


In 2012, the MENA region was responsible for approximately 7% of total global GHG

emissions. This is relatively low, compared to other regions such as North America and

Asia, which produced approximately 12% and 50% of global GHG emissions the same

year. However, CO2 emissions are projected to increase by 19% in the Council's Hard Rock

scenario. Conversely, energy intensity and CO2 intensity will decrease in all three of the

World Energy Council’s Scenarios to 2060 (Figure 18).

To prevent emission increases and secure development along a path similar to that of the

Unfinished Symphony scenario, the MENA region must place an increased focus on

improving both energy security and environmental sustainability levels. An expansion of

existing efforts to improve energy efficiency and diversify the energy mix would provide a

good foundation for such a shift. MENA countries could build on these developments by

increasing transparency in market value of energy to improve demand management and

energy-water-nexus issues.

38 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Trilemma 2016: Defining measures to accelerate the energy transition 39 ibid.

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NORTH AMERICA

With 14% of total global GHG emissions stemming from North America, the region

must improve environmental sustainability and update ageing energy infrastructure

to strengthen resilience to emerging risks, including extreme weather events and

cyber attacks. Environmental sustainability is expected to improve significantly due

to emission reduction measures such as the development of carbon capture, usage

and storage technologies, and further diversification of the energy mix.

FIGURE 19: NORTH AMERICA’S ENERGY TRILEMMA PROFILE


North America, comprised of Canada, the United States (US) and Mexico, is the second

strongest geographic region on the Index after Europe. Despite its strong performance, the

region faces two main challenges: securing supply of energy over the long term and

improving environmental sustainability.

North America is well endowed with fossil fuel resources, including oil, natural gas, and

coal, and hydropower potential. Due to the region’s natural resource endowment, energy

security concerns are of a different nature than those of regions with limited energy

resources. These include the need to diversify energy sources to increase energy security

and the urgency of managing demand and increasing energy efficiency.

Reducing the carbon footprint, and mitigating the impacts of increasing GHG emissions, is

especially important for North America due to emerging risks, including more extreme

weather events. In 2012, North America accounted for 14% of total global GHG

emissions,40 which are expected to peak by 2030 and then fall back down to 2010 levels or

even lower.

40 World Resources Institute (WRI), 2014: CAIT 2.0 – WRI’s Climate Data Explorer

North American countriesCanadaMexicoUnited States


37

Some progress has already been made in diversifying energy sources and decarbonizing

electricity generation with greater shares of natural gas and renewables. The US has set

2020 emission targets as aggressive as those of several of the top 10 countries in the Index

and has already made progress towards meeting these goals, driven by a reduction in coal-

fired power generation and improvements in transport efficiency. In Canada, the Federal

government is expected to publish a GHG reduction plan in autumn 2016 that may feature

standardised and expanded emission disclosure requirements for the private sector. This

plan will set a national price on carbon emissions. In addition, the four provinces that

include 80% of the Canadian population have already established or are in the process of

introducing a carbon price, which is typically either a tax or a cap-and-trade programme.

Based on these experiences, Canadian officials believe that a carbon price is the most

effective way to reduce emissions while simultaneously fostering necessary innovation, and

this approach will be even more impactful if taken more uniformly.41 While this path may

work in Canada, certain national characteristics suggest that this will not be the case in the

US. Most significantly, resistance by the US Congress and general regulatory uncertainty

could stall, or permanently prevent the introduction of a national carbon price.

Looking forward, both the Modern Jazz and Unfinished Symphony scenarios project

substantial decreases in North American CO2 emissions by 2060, of approximately 55%

and 75% respectively. However, if North America underinvests in energy systems and fails

to collaborate with other countries, the Hard Rock scenario may unfold (31% decrease in

CO2 emissions by 2060).

FIGURE 20: NORTH AMERICA’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENSITY


Along with these challenges come potential opportunities for the region; in particular, a

concerted effort to develop carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies.

This technology would allow the mitigation of GHG emissions from large-scale fossil-fuel

usage in power generation, from fuel transformation, and also from industry. As all three

North American economies rely heavily on energy production for energy exports and

certain industries, the use of CCUS technologies, coupled with a focus on energy efficiency

improvements, will likely prove effective in reducing GHG emissions from the energy sector. 41 Bloomberg, 2016: Canada to Introduce National Carbon Price in 2016, Minister Says

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A breakthrough in this area would enable the long-term utilisation of fossil fuels, thereby

significantly improving these countries’ trilemma performance.

Ageing infrastructure and resulting uncertainties with regards to the reliability of energy

supply is a major concern for the US particularly. In this country, 51% of electricity

generating capacity was built before 1980 and 74% of coal-fired plants are to come off-line

in approximately 10 years.42 Infrastructure is susceptible to damage caused by extreme

weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, blizzards, and flooding, resulting in longer-

lasting, more frequent failures and power interruptions, which makes investments in

existing infrastructure and renewables alike especially important. Rising temperatures put a

strain on the national water system, in turn threatening conventional power generation,

which requires large volumes of water to operate. In addition, the large number of coal-fired

power plants that are due to come off-line in the next decade further emphasises the

importance of investments in new generation capacity and energy demand management

requirements. The country's changing energy landscape as it moves from importer to

exporter intensifies the need to address threats to national energy security. To secure US

energy supply going forward, the US will have to invest to replace its energy infrastructure,

diversify its energy mix and reduce its energy consumption.

The US adoption of a low-carbon energy system will involve increased decentralisation of

energy infrastructure and a much higher percentage of non-hydro renewable energy. The

expansion of wind and solar generating capacity is pushing the present supply

infrastructure to the limits of its maximum performance capability. The system will thus

need to achieve an adequate balance between generation and load. New York and

California are currently the leaders in the US in developing a comprehensive strategy for

distributed energy resource (DER) deployment and stimulating a change to the regulated

investor-owned utility model and could provide good models for the rest of the country.

For its part, Mexico will likely experience both environmental sustainability and energy

security improvements over the next 5-10 years, stemming from 2013−2014 constitutional

reforms to increase energy sector electricity capacity. However, the country remains tasked

with simultaneously managing the transition from a monopolistic structure to a competitive

market scheme (following the 2014 allowance of full private sector participation in its energy

markets) and from a high-carbon to a low-carbon economy.

According to the 2016 World Energy Scenarios, the region’s reliance on fossil fuels is

projected to continue through 2060 but to a lesser extent, with fossil fuels making up

51% of primary energy by 2060.43 As shown in Figure 21, this trend is also reflected in the

region’s overall diversity of primary energy supply. The US, for example, is placing a strong

focus on renewables-based generation: by 2060, renewables produced in the US are

expected to account for 17−36% of the country’s total primary energy supply.44 Mexico still 42 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Trilemma 43 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios 44 ibid. The 17% refers to the Hard Rock Scenario while the 36% refers to the Unfinished Symphony Scenario.


39

obtains 82% of its electricity from burning fossil fuels, while Canada uses nuclear,

hydropower and other renewables to meet 80% of its needs.45

Final energy consumption is expected to decrease by 2060 (depending on the scenario),

which will help alleviate the stress on the energy system. Due to the region’s natural

resource endowment, import dependence is lower compared to other regions. In 2014,

approximately 2% of primary energy supply was imported. This trend is expected to

continue until 2060 with imports ranging between 0−6% until 2060.

FIGURE 21: NORTH AMERICA’S PROJECTED CHANGES IN DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY


45 EIA, 2013: International energy statistics

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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Sub-Saharan Africa is challenged by the world’s lowest levels of energy access and

commercial energy use, despite a rich endowment in resources and high renewables

potential. Stable and widely accessible energy supply could act as a catalyst for

regional economic development. To unlock the region’s resource potential and meet

future energy demand the region must attract investment, build institutional capacity

and improve its on-grid and off-grid energy supply.

FIGURE 22: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA’S ENERGY TRILEMMA PROFILE


Although the region is well endowed with natural resources, including fossil fuels,

hydropower and renewables, most Sub-Saharan African countries perform poorly on all

three dimensions of the energy trilemma. The region is home to 16% of the global

population,46 but at less than 700 kilograms of petrol equivalent per capita, compared to a

North American average of 7,844 kg, it uses the lowest amount of commercial energy in the

world.47 Globally, Sub-Saharan Africa is the most electricity poor region in terms of both the

total number of people served and the low percentage of its overall population with access

to modern energy services.48 Overall, the region performed poorly in the 2016 Trilemma

Index, with a C in energy security, a D in energy equity, and a C in environmental

sustainability.

Stable energy supply could act as a catalyst for regional economic development. Currently,

the region accounts for just 2.5% of the world’s total economic activity.49 However,

depending on its development path, Sub-Saharan Africa could contribute up to 11.9% of

the world’s total economic activity by 2060.50 However, most countries in the region depend 46 Discourse Media: Power Struggle, 2016: Sub-Saharan Africa access to energy research brief 47 ibid. 48 International Energy Agency, 2016: World Energy Outlook 49 ibid. 50 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Scenarios

Sub-Saharan African countriesAngolaBeninBotswanaCameroonChadCongo (Dem. Rep.)Côte d’IvoireEthiopiaGabon

GhanaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNiger

SenegalSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaZambiaZimbabwe


41

on imports for more than 65% of their energy needs and as a result, the region spends

more on oil imports (US$18bn) than it obtains in international aid ($15.6bn).51

Improving energy equity in the region (i.e., access to, quality and affordability of energy

supply) will be challenging. For example, 50% of the Sub-Saharan African population lives

in scattered rural and predominantly agrarian communities. Connecting these communities

to the main grid would require immense infrastructure investments. An estimated US$11bn

per annum must be invested to achieve 100% electricity access by 2030.52 However,

historically, annual investment levels have been about $2bn.53

Off-grid technologies represent the most feasible solution to electrify rural areas, and pay-

as-you-go models provide several advantages to customers with low or variable incomes.54

Several Sub-Saharan African countries have already experienced success with this

approach. M-KOPA Solar, which operates in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, and Off Grid

Electric, in Tanzania and Rwanda, offer packages of small appliances, such as LED lights,

a mobile phone charger and a radio, all of which are powered by a solar panel and a

battery. Rather than paying for the electricity itself or purchasing more expensive kerosene

to fuel older appliances, customers pay for the power equipment and new appliances in

small instalments using mobile phone payment processing.55

At the same time, a number of large-scale renewable projects are in progress. These

include Africa’s first privately funded and developed geothermal plant, which will be built in

Kenya; a 155 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant, which is expected to increase Ghana’s

power capacity by 6% when it comes online in late 2016; the Congo’s 40,000 MW Grand

Inga Dam; and Ethiopia’s 120 MW Ashegoda wind farm.56

Moreover, a number of untapped oil and gas reserves have been discovered in Cameroon,

Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, the Congo (DR), Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, and could be

exploited in the future. However, the process of converting these resources into energy for

domestic populations may be challenging and effects will be limited to urban and peri-urban

areas. For instance, in Nigeria, only 56% of the population has gained access to secure

electricity despite the fact that the country holds the continent’s largest known natural gas

reserves.57 This fact suggests that financing, institutional capacity and infrastructure deficits

pose the greatest barriers to full access, rather than supply.

51 EIA, 2013: International energy statistics 52 Discourse Media: Power Struggle, 2016: Sub-Saharan Africa access to energy research brief 53 ibid. 54 World Energy Council, 2016: World Energy Trilemma 2016: Defining measures to accelerate the energy transition 55 ibid. 56 Banks J: Key Sub-Saharan Energy Trends and their Importance for the US (Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings) 57 ibid.


42

FIGURE 23: SUB-SAHRAN AFRICA’S PROJECTED CHANGES IN DIVERSITY OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY


Managing energy demand is also a challenge for countries as they develop economically.

South Africa, as one of the most developed countries in the region, still struggles with an

unreliable supply of electricity, low capacity margins and the challenge of meeting growing

energy demand. In response to insufficient electricity capacity during peak hours, South

Africa’s major power utility has devised various strategies to engage the public in voluntary

demand reduction. The principal approach has been rotational load shedding to avoid

national blackouts. Ghana has also implemented an efficiency programme to promote

energy savings and with that security of supply. The Ghanaian programme is focused on

household refrigerators, and involves minimum energy efficiency standards, consumer

education, as well as outreach and rebate efforts.

Regional energy security in the long term is currently hard to predict. Projections suggest

the region will manage the growth in energy demand, and the diversity of energy supply is

predicted to improve. The region’s import dependence is also expected to increase to a

maximum of 12% by 2060.

Although the Sub-Saharan African region registers low emissions from the energy sector

and relatively strong environmental sustainability, this trend is projected to change. Current

environmental sustainability scores are a reflection of low energy consumption levels and

lower social and economic development. However, economic growth is projected to

increase significantly and energy demand in the region is predicted to more than double

by 2050.

2010 2030 2060


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2010 2030 2060 2010 2030 20600

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30

40

50

60

70

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43

These developments are currently projected to increase CO2 levels. According to the 2016

World Energy Scenarios, CO2 emissions are expected to increase between 104% and

258% by 2060. At the same time, both CO2 intensity and energy intensity are expected to

decrease between 59−92% and 66−90% respectively by 2060 (see Figure 24).

FIGURE 24: SUB-SAHRAN AFRICA’S PROJECTED ENERGY AND CO2 INTENSITY


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45

COUNTRY PROFILES

Country profiles provide the Index rankings overall and per dimension for each of the World

Energy Council's member countries represented in the 2016 Trilemma Index as well as

their balance score. The trilemma graph on each country profile illustrates the balance

score, which highlights the trade-offs between the three competing dimensions: energy

security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. The table on the right hand side

shows the Index rankings from three consecutive years broken down by dimension and

trends in performance over the years. Furthermore, the country profile provides an

indication of trends and future developments, an overview of the country’s energy

endowment, contributions of energy sources to total primary energy supply and electricity

generation as well as relevant key metrics to provide more context.

Interactive country profiles and associated data can also be viewed on the Index web tool,

which has been developed by the World Energy Council, in partnership with global

management consultancy Oliver Wyman and the Global Risk Centre of its parent Marsh &

McLennan Companies.

The tool can be accessed at: www.worldenergy.org/data.

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set of tariffs eff tariffs aim to he

rd, policy makeron the energy e

Renewable Enegy in total powery sources now

hydroelectric powential to contribu

8,3

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBC

C

B

C

nergy n a

fective elp the rs will equity

ergy r

wer ute to

94 (III)

5,170)

95 | 51

14.6

4.2

TRILEMM

RANK

10

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Austrstron

Austrlong-than

Policycountsusta

Austrenergemissthe c

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

ria improves by g and well-bala

ria’s energy sec-term goals, as wdoubled the pro

y developmentstry’s Sustainabi

ainable goods a

ria faces three mgy efficiency, susions; and 3) thountry’s ranking

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 15 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

1 place in this yanced, resulting

curity ranking rewell as the progoduction of rene

s in Austria are lity Strategy listnd services; an

major energy poustainability ande integration of g, Austrian polic

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

A

0%

D BALANCE

year’s Index, main a score of AA

flects its increasgress made sincewable energy.

in line with the Ets 20 goals to: ind optimise the t

olicy challenges d internal market

these two elemcymakers will ha

28.0

0.08

100

0.26

0.19

AUSTRIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


aking it into the AA.

sing energy selfce 1980 in the re

EU’s climate anncrease quality transport system

according to tht dimensions; 2

ments into an enave to continue

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

8

ormance

security 20

equity 7

mental bility

22

e 16

top 10 list at ra

f-sufficiency, whenewable energ

nd energy goals of life overall; s

m.

he IEA: 1) the in) the further redergy and climatto build a strong

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 11

0 26

7 5

2 24

6 15

nk 10. The coun

hich is also one gy sector, where

for 2020 (the 20trengthen econo

tegration of secduction of Greente strategy. To mg, integrated en

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

10

20

6

23

16

ntry’s energy po

of the country’se Austria has m

0-20-20 targetsomic growth; su

curity of supply, nhouse Gas maintain or impnergy policy.

47,

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

olicy is

s main ore

s). The upport

rove

824 (I)

1,261)

95 | 95

5.0

0.4

TRILEMM

RANK

59

SCORE

CAD

TRENDS

Bahrais unbscore

In 20in Ba

The econsedeveActio

The uand pprogrbeingthe plevelsdeve

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

ain drops 6 placbalanced due toe of CAD.

13 the cabinet aahrain and is exp

establishment oervation and molop ‘Bahrain’s N

on Plan (NREAP

unit is tasked wiproposals for theressed very welg elevated to theolicy plans whics. Part of the plloped in collabo

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 170

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ces, to rank 59. o relatively low s

approved the espected to addre

of the ‘Sustainabore concrete coNational Energy P).

ith the preparate feed-in tariff (l during the pase highest authoch are being finalan is the so-ca

oration with the

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

B

0%

D BALANCE

The country exscores in energy

stablishment of ess Bahrain’s we

ble Energy Unit’mmitment to theEfficiency Actio

ion of proposalsFIT) and financi

st 18 months (Jarity in the decisialised at this molled ‘KEEP – KinWorld Bank to t

50.7

0.08

94

0.01

0.63

BAHRAI

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


xhibits a high dey security and e

an ‘Energy Thineak scores in en

’ is designed to e utilisation of reon Plan (NEEAP

s for energy effiial support for reanuary 2015–timion making procoment, are fostengdom of Bahratackle energy in

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

N

40% 60%

201

k and ore

39

ormance

security 48

equity 8

mental bility

95

e 41

egree of energy environmental s

nk-tank’ to addrnvironmental su

make a significenewable energP) and to develo

ciency levels, laenewable energme of writing, 20cess in the Goveered and implemain Energy Efficnefficiencies (pri

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 53

8 86

8 9

5 101

1 47

equity, but its oustainability, res

ess the issue ofustainability and

ant contributiongy. This unit is cop a National Re

abelling requiremgy initiatives. Th016), and its roleernment of Bahmented by the Gciency Plan’ whicmarily electrica

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

59

80

7

104

58

overall energy poesulting in a bala

f sustainable end energy security

n to energy currently workinenewable Energ

ments for appliahe Unit’s tasks he and responsibrain. It is hoped

Government at ach is being

al energy).

46,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CAD

C

A

D

olicy ance

nergy y.

g to gy

ances have bility is d that all

946 (I)

8,872)

95 | 95

5.2

4.4

TRILEMM

RANK

23

SCORE

BAB

TRENDS

Belgipartic

Belgipoint

Low amargin theimpagove

VAT 14%,and wcontin

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

um drops 3 placcularly strong sc

um’s supply is ss for natural gas

average wholesginal cost renewe EU Emissionsct negatively onrnment is alloca

on energy bills , partly to keep iwind in the Belgnue to weigh on

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ces, from rank 2core in energy e

secure, as a liqus pipelines and

sale prices in nowables, a continus Trading Systemn the economic ating strategic re

of final consuminflation low and

gian system will n Belgian electri

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

B

0%

D BALANCE

20 in 2015 to raequity, for an ov

uid oil market anLNG) facilitate

orth-west Europuing low level ofm (EU ETS), anprofitability of theserves and pos

ers was raised d mask the highhave to be paidicity prices.

22.1

0.08

100

0.27

0.24

BELGIUM

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ank 23 in 2016. Tverall score of B

nd a well-diversits reliance on o

e, a pushback of demand, low g

nd the technical he Belgian electssibly capacity

back to 21% (ah levies for rened for by high-end

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

M

40% 60%

201

k and ore

20

ormance

security 22

equity 14

mental bility

39

e 26

The country perAB

sified contractuaoil and gas impo

of thermal geneglobal coal priceissues on two m

tricity market. Toremuneration m

fter being lowerwable support).d consumer ele

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 20

2 24

4 10

9 41

6 26

rforms well acro

al gas portfolio (orts.

ration due to thees and low pricemajor nuclear poo tackle these is

mechanisms.

red by previous The very fast gctricity prices. T

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

23

38

14

37

24

oss the board, w

(with 18 entranc

e injection of lowes for CO2 certifower plants, all ssues, the

governments togrowth of solar PThese choices w

43,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BAB

B

A

B

with a

ce

w icates

o PV will

992 (I)

3,310)

95 | 95

4.6

-1.1

TRILEMM

RANK

100

SCORE

CCD

TRENDS

Bolivsusta

BolivAmerkeep and w

Receexponew h

Key itransexploorderspee

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

ia drops 2 placeainability, resulti

ia exports naturrica. Proven oil pace with cons

wood industries

ent developmenrts to Brazil andhydrocarbons la

ssues for policyport of hydroca

oration and prodr to increase pudier approval of

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 22 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es in this year’s ng in a balance

ral gas to Brazil reserves are re

sumption. There, and hydroelec

ts focus on the d Argentina, throaw and a law on

ymakers to focurbons in both th

duction potentiablic acceptancef contracts; and

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

B

0%

D BALANCE

Index, to rank 1e score of CCD.

and Argentina latively small, a

e is good potentctric which has n

oil and gas sectough an Investmn prior consultat

s on: 1) creationhe internal netwol of domestic na

e, shorten the tim4) further deve

36.8

0.11

80

0.09

0.31

BOLIVIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


100. The countr

and it has the fiand the country tial for renewablnot yet been full

ctor, aiming to rement Act, compltion.

n of an attractivork and future eatural gas resoume of pre-consu

elopment of rene

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 69

equity 97

mental bility

10

e 96

ry still lags behin

ifth largest provhas become a ne energy, espey exploited.

eplenish oil reselemented by a L

ve, enabling envexport markets; urces; 3) engageultation with indiewables, includi

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

00 98 1

9 65

7 97

08 106

6 102

nd regarding en

en natural gas rnet oil importer acially from by-pr

erves and maintaLaw of Incentive

vironment for inv2) continuous a

ement with the ggenous peoplesng hydropower.

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

100

73

97

107

110

nvironmental

reserves in Souas production faroducts of suga

tain natural gas es for the oil sec

vestment to flowassessment of general public is and allow for

r.

6,8

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CCD

C

C

D

uth ails to

ar cane

ctor, a

w into

n a

81 (III)

1,556)

94 | 27

9.6

7.7

TRILEMM

RANK

94

SCORE

DCC

TRENDS

Botswpartic

BotswMoruPowereliesIndee

The gthe e

In 20greatsolar

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

wana improves cularly weak, re

wana’s power supule A 132 MWer Corporation. s on an indepened, the country i

government hasnergy mix. In pa

15, the governmt solar potential r PV plants. Ren

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

2 places, to ransulting in a bala

ector relies on cW coal-fired pow

However, back-ndent power prois highly depend

s only recently rarticular, Botsw

ment asked for aof the country.

newable energy

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

BO

0%

D BALANCE

nk 94. It receiveance score of DC

coal for 60% of er plant − is run-up power plantducer running pdent on electrici

recognised the nana is endowed

assistance fromIn June 2015, thcurrently accou

39.2

0.07

43

0.07

0.26

OTSWAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


s relatively low CC.

electricity genen by the verticalts are necessarypower plants coity and diesel im

need to further id with ample so

m the World Banhe government unts for less tha

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

NA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

96

ormance

security 10

equity 88

mental bility

93

e 46

scores across t

ration. The powly integrated goy to meet the consuming approx

mports to meet i

its strategy for ilar energy poten

k for a renewabannounced it w

an 2% of the cou

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

6 96

07 106

8 92

3 93

6 46

the board, with e

wer system – comvernment-owne

ountry’s peak deximately 17,000ts peak demand

ncreasing the rontial.

ble energy stratewould release a tuntry’s generatio

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

94

105

90

92

45

energy security

mprising only thed utility, Botswaemand. Botswa0 litres of diesel/d.

ole of renewable

egy to harness tender for two 5on mix.

15,8

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DCC

D

C

C

being

he ana na /hour.

es in

the 50 MW

807 (II)

8,732)

90 | 38

6.9

1.2

TRILEMM

RANK

57

SCORE

CBB

TRENDS

Brazienerg

In 20to redand dits dein cruprodudrougdome

Goingresiliethreaenvirthe psolarenvir

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

il drops 2 placesgy security bein

15, Brazil experduce power billsdiesel oil prices ependence on foude oil and natuucts. This declinght, which had aestic energy sup

g forward the chence of the cou

atened by the steronment on the ower sector sup

r, biomass and hronmental susta

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 6,91

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

s, from rank 55 g the country’s

rienced a 50% rs by 20% in 201rose by 12.4%

oreign energy toural gas productne in consumptia negative impapply rose from 3

hallenge for Brantry’s infrastruceep increase in Brazilian energypply capacity is hydro. Accordin

ainability dimens

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

3 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

in 2015 to rank weakest trilemm

rise in electricity2. While there wand 13.0% resp

o 7.1% in 2015, ion, combined won also contribu

act on the count39.4% to 41.2%

azilian policymakcture to extreme

consumer pricey sector will be expected to incgly, it is possibl

sions in the com

23.4

0.09

99

0.11

0.19

BRAZIL

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


k 57 in 2016. Thma dimension, r

y prices due to lwas a drop in ppectively. Rega down from 12.7with a 7.2% decuted to a decreatry’s hydroelectr.

kers will be to ree weather eventses. The impact attenuated. The

crease via the ee for Brazil to im

ming years, even

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

L

40% 60%

201

k and ore

54

ormance

security 85

equity 62

mental bility

40

e 65

e country’s eneresulting in a ba

osses incurred rices in the interding the energy7% in 2014. Thi

cline in consumpase in emissionsric power genera

emove barriers s, and find waysof the recent ade production of oxploitation of re

mprove its rankin with the return

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 55

5 73

2 67

0 43

5 67

rgy policy is balalance score of C

by the governmrnational markey security dimenis was achievedption demand fos of 4.6%. In spation, the share

to investment, is to improve enedverse political aoil and natural gnewable sourceng in energy se of demand gro

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

57

68

70

46

75

lanced overall, wCBB.

ment following a et, domestic gasnsion, Brazil redd largely by incror petroleum pite of the 2014−e of renewables

improve the ergy equity, whand economic gas is increasinges, such as windecurity and owth.

15,3

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBB

C

B

B

with

plan soline duced eases

−2016 in the

ich is

g and d,

359 (II)

= 992)

95 | 64

15.1

3.4

TRILEMM

RANK

48

SCORE

CBB

TRENDS

Bulgaand e

In theindeptransimproprior

Key ireliabindigethe eacces

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

aria improves byenvironmental s

e spring of 2015pendence of theparency; promo

ove the sustainato full liberalisa

ssues policymable energy infrasenous energy renergy sector; 4)ss to natural ga

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1,65

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

y 1 rank in this ysustainability be

5 the Bulgarian e national regulaote trans-borderable use of renetion of the mark

akers need to fostructure, furtheesources; 2) inc) increased soc

as by 2020 as se

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

7 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

BU

0%

D BALANCE

year’s Index, to ing Bulgaria’s s

Parliament ameatory commissior trade; and enhewable energy sket. The amendm

cus on are: 1) imer diversifying socreased energy ial protection; 5et out in the nati

27.2

0.09

100

0.12

0.47

ULGAR

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


48. The countrstrongest trilemm

ended the existion; financially sthance end-user sources, marketments have not

mproved energyources and routefficiency; 3) pr

5) pursuing the aional energy str

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

56

ormance

security 59

equity 60

mental bility

81

e 52

ry’s energy policma dimensions,

ng Energy Act ttabilise the electrights. The newt liberalisation a yet resulted in

y security throutes of energy surompt actions foambitious targetrategy; and 6) re

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

6 49

9 52

0 59

1 71

2 50

cy is balanced, wresulting in a ba

to: increase the tricity sector; im

w legal framewornd social equitythe expected im

gh stimulation oupply, and optimocused on finants of giving 30%espect for the ru

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

48

67

55

67

49

with energy equbalance score of

political mprove market

rk was expectedy during the permprovements.

of investments imising the use oncial stabilisation% of householdsule of law.

17,5

Low (HHI =

s (%) N.A.

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBB

C

B

B

uity f CBB.

d to iod

n f n of

512 (II)

4,685)

. | N.A.

12.0

0.5

TRILEMM

RANK

105

SCORE

BDB

TRENDS

Cameequity

SigniDisrusupp

CamesuppadditMovininterm

Howefossilthe dGDP achie

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

eroon maintainsy dimension lag

ficant energy isuption of energyly can significan

eroon’s Energy orted by the Caionally implemeng away from omittency.

ever, the governl fuels in the shoevelopment of cand economic

eve ‘energy eme

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 147

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

s its position at gging behind the

ssues affecting Cy supply is currently decrease.

Sector Developameroon Clean ented policies suover-reliance on

nment will need ort term to creatclean energy sugrowth in the la

ergence’.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

CA

0%

D BALANCE

rank 105. The ce other two, resu

Cameroon are (ntly significant a

pment Plan aimDevelopment Much as the ‘enerhydropower an

to ensure signite and speed ecupplies and greaast five years an

30.1

0.11

54

N.A.

0.11

AMEROO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


country’s trilemmulting in a balan

(a) the intermitteas it is largely d

s to achieve a 7Mechanism projergy emergence’

nd diversifying th

ificant investmeconomic growthater mix. Camernd figures provid

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ON

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 29

equity 11

mental bility

47

e 10

ma performancence score of BD

ence and (b) suependent on ra

75% electrificatiect to convert bi initiative, whichhe energy mix w

nt takes place. , and re-invest troon has experide positive signs

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

03 105 1

9 33

1 113

7 48

09 110

e is imbalanced,B.

pply of energy tinfall. Conseque

on rate by 2030ogas into electr

h is due to be cowill assist in redu

It is planned thathe financial gaienced a slow bus for the investm

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

105

43

112

51

112

, with the energ

to the populatioently, in dry per

0. These plans aricity. Cameroonompleted in 203ucing energy su

at Cameroon wiin from growth iut steady increa

ment needed to

3,12

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BDB

B

D

B

gy

n. riods

are n has 35. upply

ill use into ase in

23 (IV)

4,228)

41 | 5

14.4

1.0

TRILEMM

RANK

22

SCORE

AAC

TRENDS

Canaranks

Manythe pfrom and pto caelectrimpro

Three(58%deveinfrasensuCana

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

ada, at rank 22 ms 11th, but still la

y world-leading rimary authoritythe generation

provincial goverpture, use and pricity generationovement in Can

e key issues of % of total emissio

lopment (25% ostructure projectring wider enga

ada’s aboriginal

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 34,0

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

maintains its strags behind on e

efforts in carboy over energy anmix of Canada’

rnments, and invpermanently ston are now underada’s future ran

current focus aons come from of total emissionts to access new

agement and thepopulation on w

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

86 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

C

0%

D BALANCE

rong scores on eenvironmental s

n policy have bend environments largest provinvestments in adore CO2 from a rway in several nkings.

re: 1) managingtransport, buildi

ns); 2) a more inw export markete sharing of benwhose traditiona

28.6

0.13

100

0.17

0.43

CANADA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


energy securitysustainability.

een implementetal matters. Exance, regulations dvanced technocoal-fired poweprovinces. The

g the environmeings, industry, anclusive and comts, taking accou

nefits from resoual lands most m

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

15

ormance

security 4

equity 5

mental bility

10

e 15

y, where it ranks

ed by Canada’s mples include tto eliminate coalogy such as the

er plant. Furtherese developmen

ental/climate impand electricity) amprehensive reunt of the many urce developme

major energy pro

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 18

4 4

5 14

00 97

5 14

5th, and energ

provincial govehe elimination oal-fired power bye world’s first fu, transformationnts should suppo

pacts of energy and also from oiview process fodiverse interest

ent projects, mojects will be loc

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

22

5

11

96

14

gy equity, where

ernments, whichof coal-fired powby both the fedeully integrated pns towards greeport the continuin

end-use applicl and gas

or energy ts involved; and

ost notably with cated.

44,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAC

A

A

C

e it

h have wer ral roject n ng

ations

d, 3)

310 (I)

4,629)

95 | 95

9.7

0.2

TRILEMM

RANK

119

SCORE

CDB

TRENDS

Chadwith a

Conscharc11,00OutpChad

The cutilitygrowwith c

The SdeveProdu

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

d maintains its pa balance score

sumption of eleccoal provide 90%00 households aut of electricity w

d’s economic de

country is highlyy responsible foring electric eneconsiderations g

Sustainable Enelopment of a firsucer (IPP) sche

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 216

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

position at rank e of CDB.

ctricity and petro% of the energyare equipped wiwas 103 GWh i

evelopment.

y dependent on r electricity prodrgy demand. Thgiven to renewa

ergy Fund for Ast phase 40 MW

eme to be conne

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

119. The countr

oleum products y consumed in Cith gas heaters.n 2008, from th

oil imports fromduction and distrherefore, the coable energy due

frica (SEFA) haW of Starsol solaected to the nati

15.1

0.04

4

N.A.

0.02

CHAD

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ry receives a pa

accounts for onChad, while natu Most of energyermal sources o

m Nigeria, Cameribution, does nuntry is in the p

e to its great sola

as approved in 2ar PV plant nearional grid.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

12

ormance

security 89

equity 12

mental bility

52

e 12

articularly low sc

nly 10% of natioural gas consumy production andonly. High costs

eroon and otherot have the cap

process of implear potential.

2015 a US$780,r N’Djamena in

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

20 119 1

9 91

25 123

2 54

25 124

core in the energ

onal consumptiomption is very limd consumption os and scarcity of

r neighbouring cpacity to meet thmenting a natio

,000 preparationChad as the firs

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

119

93

123

52

124

rgy equity dimen

on. Wood and mited as fewer toccurs in the caf electricity ham

countries. STEEhe country’s eveonal energy poli

n grant for the st Independent

2,17

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CDB

C

D

B

nsion,

than apital.

mper

E, the er-cy,

Power

71 (IV)

7,910)

27 | 6

12.2

N.A.

TRILEMM

RANK

38

SCORE

BBB

TRENDS

Chiledime

Chilepoliticresouefficieinterctende

The 22) 253) rensavinowneand i

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

e drops 3 placesnsions, with a b

e currently imporcal and market urces, in particuency; reducing bconnectors; advers for electricity

2014 Agenda de5% price cuts of newables to conngs target by 20ed ENAP to havnclusive energy

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 54 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

s, from rank 35 ibalance score of

rts 60% of its torelated risks. Th

ular renewables;biomass cookin

vancing e-mobiliy production.

e Energía sets ttenders for hou

nstitute 45% of 25; 5) developm

ve a greater party policy.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

in 2015 to rank f BBB.

otal primary enehe greatest cha; developing a r

ng and heating; ity and smart cit

the following taruseholds as welcapacity installe

ment of a framewticipation in new

35.1

0.09

100

0.09

0.28

CHILE

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


38 in 2016. The

rgy, exposing itllenges are perc

regulatory framepromoting regioties; and accoun

rgets: 1) 30% rel as small and med by 2025; 4) ework to hedge e

w electricity gen

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

35

ormance

security 42

equity 68

mental bility

46

e 22

e country perfor

t to internationalceived to be: seework for the gaonal integration nting for additio

eduction of margmedium enterprenergy efficiencexposure to fueeration; and 7) d

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 35

2 42

8 66

6 51

2 20

ms well across

commodity pricecuring fuel suppas sector; promothrough gas andnal capacity del

ginal costs of elises that producy improvementsl price volatility; development of

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

38

44

66

48

23

all trilemma

ce volatility as wply; developing oting energy d electricity livered by upco

ectricity in 4 yeace electricity; s to achieve a 2 6) reform of staf a comprehens

22,3

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBB

B

B

B

well local

ming

ars;

20% ate-ive

316 (II)

2,231)

95 | 53

7.0

3.6

TRILEMM

RANK

87

SCORE

BBD

TRENDS

Chinadime

Chinaand tattenproteprimareduc

2016ambit18%,335 creformmore

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

a maintains its pnsions, with its

a is still in the pthe related enertion. China’s 12

ection and low cary energy consced to 18% and

is the first yeartious mandatory, increasing the cities on 80% ofms, including la

e sustainable de

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 85,36

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

position at rank environmental s

rocess of rapid rgy/environment2th five-year plaarbon during 20

sumption and ca 21% respective

r of China’s 13thy targets for 201share of non-fo

f days. In the meaunching the natevelopment in th

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

63 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

87. The countrysustainability sc

industrialisationt issues is a chan set mandatory

010−2015. In tharbon emission ely, and the sha

h five-year plan.15−2020, includossil to 15%, andeantime, China tionwide carbon

he coming five y

42.7

0.13

100

0.08

0.60

CHINA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


y performs well core remaining r

n and urbanisatiallenge for Chinry targets on eneis period Chinagrowth of 3.6%

are of non-fossil

. China has proding reducing end an air quality pledges to enh

n trading marketyears, will be an

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

87

ormance

security 83

equity 77

mental bility

11

e 62

in the energy srelatively low, re

ion and balancina, to which the ergy efficiency, ’s GDP grew by and 2.7%. Enel energy increas

posed the stratenergy intensity btarget which aimance legislationt. Related plansnounced soon.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 87

3 70

7 77

9 116

2 63

ecurity and eneesulting in a bala

ng the economiChinese governnon-fossil share

y 7.8% on averaergy intensity ansed to 15%.

egy of green deby 15%, reducinms for I and II den and introduce and policies, w

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

87

62

77

117

62

ergy equity ance score of B

c/social developnment is payinge, environment

age with an annnd carbon intens

evelopment and ng carbon intensegree level air imarket-based

which will promo

14,2

High (HHI

s (%) 7

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBD

B

B

D

BBD.

pment much

ual sity

set sity by n

ote

39 (III)

= 572)

70 | 19

6.2

8.4

TRILEMM

RANK

41

SCORE

BBA

TRENDS

Colomdimea bal

Colomof enenergCO2 e

Main as ondemaparticgas; geneinves

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

mbia improves bnsions, with envance score of B

mbia, although ergy services, agy services; diveemissions.

areas policymane of the main dand and supply cipation of differ5) developing aration capacity;

stment in scienc

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 5,17

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

by 2 places in thvironmental sus

BBA.

in a relatively hand finding soluersification of th

akers are focusidrivers of econoside, and conso

rent stakeholderand implementin and 7) strength

ce and technolog

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

8 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

CO

0%

D BALANCE

his year’s Indexstainability, whe

igh position in thtions based on

he energy mix; a

ng on are: 1) enmic growth andolidating a culturs in the develop

ng efficient masshening guarantegy in the energy

36.0

0.05

97

0.14

0.13

OLOMB

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


x, to rank 41. Thre it ranks 10th

he Index, still fanon-convention

and sustaining p

nsuring the contd social developure for sustainabpment phases os transport systeees and investmy sector.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

47

ormance

security 46

equity 79

mental bility

7

e 68

he country perfoglobally, being

aces major challnal energies; impositive econom

tinued developmment; 2) promo

ble use of naturaof the industry; 4ems; 6) ensurin

ment opportunitie

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 43

6 35

9 81

7 8

8 66

rms well acrossa particular stre

enges such as:proving quality

mic development

ment of the miniting energy effical resources; 3) 4) increasing exg the expansiones in the country

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

41

36

80

10

68

s all trilemma ength. This resu

: expanding covand reliability ot without increa

ing and energy ciency on energ) strengthening txploration of natn of electricity ry, and boosting

13,8

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBA

B

B

A

ults in

verage f sing

sector gy the tural

g

01 (III)

7,767)

95 | 49

12.3

1.7

TRILEMM

RANK

117

SCORE

DDC

TRENDS

The Dtrilem

The Dof its poweThe Wthe In

Despthe wvoltag

All ththroudistrib

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

Democratic Repmma dimensions

DRC meets its ehydroelectric re

er, the highest inWorld Bank andnga 3 site.

pite such rich hyworld, amountingge transmission

ese conditions ugh which the cobution.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 24 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

CONGO

ANKINGS AN

OOK

public of the Cos, energy equity

energy needs mesources from tn Africa. Currend the African De

ydroelectric poteg in 2013 to 1%n lines (only 4,60

have favoured tountry has been

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

O (DEM

0%

D BALANCE

ngo (DRC) ranky is particularly w

mostly through bhe Congo Rivert hydro installed

evelopment Ban

ential and 2009 in rural areas a00 km).

the developmenn liberalising the

33.2

0.43

15

N.A.

0.12

OCRAT

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ks 117th in this yweak, with a ba

biomass and hydr, which is estimd capacity is 2,4

nk are supportin

reforms, the DRand 19% in urba

nt of small and ie sector, promot

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IC REP

40% 60%

201

k and ore

11

ormance

security 95

equity 11

mental bility

84

e 12

year’s Index. Relance score of D

dropower. The cmated to have th420 MW, of whicg the country to

RC has one of than areas. This is

ndependent powting private inve

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

UBLIC)

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 116 1

5 94

4 112

4 86

23 122

eceiving low scoDDC.

country currentlye potential to such only 1,281 M

o develop an add

he lowest rates s due to a limite

wer producers aestment in gener

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

117

98

113

85

122

ores across all

y exploits only 2upply 100 GW o

MW is operationaditional 4,800 M

of electrificationed length of high

and distributorsration and

78

Medium (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DDC

D

D

C

2% of al.

MW at

n in h

,

83 (IV)

2,174)

14 | 5

N.A.

3.1

TRILEMM

RANK

101

SCORE

ADC

TRENDS

Côte in en

Côte policiin en

Althoelectrand t

The gand tconsuuse othis ta

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

d’Ivoire improvergy security, b

d’Ivoire has a laies to develop thergy and infrast

ough there is extricity. As a resuthe households

government agrtransport infrastumption by 202of solar), policiearget, and with

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 14 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es by 3 places, ut energy equity

arge renewablehese energy sotructure, this ha

tensive grid suplt, there is a largthat are actually

reed in 2012 onructure, and co0. While there as to reduce the that an improve

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

CÔT

0%

D BALANCE

from rank 104 iy remains its we

e energy potentiurces has beens resulted in low

pply, the prohibitge disparity betwy connected.

an energy sectmmits the countare some effortscost and furthe

ement in its trilem

21.1

0.12

59

N.A.

0.14

TE D’IVO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


in 2015 to rank eakest trilemma

al. However, then hampered by iw energy acces

tive cost of acceween the numb

tor plan that priotry to achievings to increase the

er promote the dmma ranking an

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

OIRE

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 18

equity 10

mental bility

99

e 11

101 in 2016. Tha dimension, res

e country’s abilinternal conflict.s and a poorly d

essing the grid ber of people wh

oritises investm a 15% share oe use of renewa

deployment of rend balance.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

05 104 1

8 19

07 106

9 95

6 113

he country has asulting in a balan

ty to develop anCombined with

diversified energ

presents a barriho live in a grid-c

ent in fossil-fuelf renewables in

ables (such as reenewables are r

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

101

30

105

94

102

a strong performnce score of AD

nd implement eh a lack of invesgy mix.

rier to access thconnected loca

lled power gene final energy

reduced taxes forequired to achi

3,49

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ADC

A

D

C

mance DC.

nergy stment

e lity

eration

or the eve

96 (IV)

6,872)

35 | 5

20.7

3.4

TRILEMM

RANK

29

SCORE

BBA

TRENDS

Croatsusta

In 20(RESfinal cgas bIonia

EnergNatiotargeboost

Furthsyste

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

tia maintains itsainability receivi

13 the governmS) in line with maconsumption amby developing stn Adriatic Pipeli

gy efficiency is onal Energy Efficet of reducing finting security of

hermore, attentioems and therma

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 28 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

s position at ranng a particularly

ment adopted a arket changes amounted to 16.8trategic gas infrine (IAP) and th

playing a key rociency Program

nal energy consenergy supply,

on has increasinal energy genera

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

C

0%

D BALANCE

k 29. The county high score, res

National Action and the decline 8%. The countryrastructure to enhe LNG terminal

ole in the overalmme, and the Fir

umption in 2016competitiveness

ngly shifted towation in cogener

28.8

0.08

100

0.18

0.22

CROATIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


try’s trilemma psulting in a lette

Plan (NAP), revin energy consu

y is seeking to innsure stability ofl on Krk island.

ll strategy of therst National Ene6 by 19.77 PJ (ps of the energy

wards energy effration plants.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

31

ormance

security 47

equity 44

mental bility

34

e 49

erformance is wer grade of BBA

vising the 2020 umption. Alreadntroduce more ff supply. Among

e country. With tergy Efficiency Apetajoule), and sector and sust

ficiency by deplo

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 29

7 43

4 44

4 28

9 44

well balanced, w.

target for renewy in 2012 the sh

flexible and diveg the most nota

the 2009 EnergyAction Plan, the in 2020 by 22.7tainable develop

oying highly effic

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

29

41

43

26

54

with environmen

wable energy sohare of RES in ersified sources

able projects are

y Strategy, the e country set the76 PJ, with a viepment.

cient central he

21,8

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBA

B

B

A

tal

ources gross of

e the

e ew to

eating

880 (II)

1,393)

95 | 82

11.2

-0.2

TRILEMM

RANK

60

SCORE

DBB

TRENDS

Cypruenvir

The m(EEZthe aExplo

As ofthreenatiocompdisco

The eThe Ieffectregioexpe

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

us improves by ronmental susta

major energy issZ). The Aphrodit

nnouncement ooration of four o

f July 2016, eighe offshore blocksnal financial sta

petition from neioveries in the Me

electrical intercosrael and Greetively contribute

on to use naturacted that the co

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 121

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

4 places in thisainability, it ranks

sue in Cyprus ise project, the fir

of its commerciaother blocks is b

ht energy comps. The developm

ability. On the otighbouring projeediterranean.

onnection with Gce interconnect

e to the security l gas deposits a

ountry’s energy s

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

C

0%

D BALANCE

s year’s Index, tos low in the ene

s to develop therst runner, begaality in 2015. Theing conducted

anies have madment of the gas ther hand, markects in Israel an

Greece and Isrations are due to of energy supp

as well as renewsecurity and env

10.6

0.07

100

0.31

0.28

CYPRUS

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


o rank 60. Whileergy security dim

e natural gas offan preparations e block is estim

d by ENI/KOGAS

de expressions field will bring n

keting the gas cond Egypt which h

ael will be the nebe completed i

ply and reductiowable energy sovironmental per

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

S

40% 60%

201

k and ore

76

ormance

security 11

equity 67

mental bility

41

e 60

e it performs wemension, resultin

fshore field in thfor the develop

mated to contain S and Total.

of interest for thnew opportunitieould prove a chhave made the

ext major challen 2019 and 202n in CO2 emissi

ources for electrrformance will im

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

6 64

5 116

7 58

1 38

0 43

ell in terms of enng in a balance

e Cyprus Exclument and produover 125 billion

he exploration lies to the Cyprusallenge in the fulargest offshore

nge in the Cypr20 respectively. ons by allowing

ricity generationmprove in the co

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

60

112

58

32

38

nergy equity andscore of DBB.

usive Economic uction stage, foln cubic metres o

cencing rights is energy sector uture because oe natural gas

riot energy sectoThe project wil

g the countries in. It is therefore oming years.

30,7

Medium (HHI =

s (%) N.A.

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DBB

D

B

B

d

Zone lowing

of gas.

n and

of

or. l n the

734 (II)

2,321)

. | N.A.

4.5

0.3

TRILEMM

RANK

19

SCORE

AAB

TRENDS

The Cpartic

In 20Czecand 4

The nnucleenergenergcomband minfrasas an

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

Czech Republiccularly high sco

15 the Czech gch Republic (SE4) the National P

national energy ear power plantsgy sources for egy mix (decreasbined heat and pmaking considestructure (electrncillary and tran

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 739

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

c improves by 2 re in energy equ

overnment issuK); 2) the NatioPlan on Nuclear

policy is baseds; gradual transelectricity and hesing from 45% topower (CHP), prable efficiencie

ricity, gas) to ensit services.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

CZEC

0%

D BALANCE

places, to rank uity, where it ran

ued several enernal Action Plan r Energy Develo

on: constructioition from mostleat production, oday to less tharovision of coal/

es in use of all ksure system int

38.0

0.09

100

0.17

0.37

CH REPU

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


19. The countrynks 5th worldwi

rgy policies: 1) t for Smart Gridsopment.

on of new nuclealy extracted lignwith domestic c

an 20% in the co/fuels for centra

kinds of energy; tegration of dece

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

UBLIC

40% 60%

201

k and ore

23

ormance

security 17

equity 13

mental bility

63

e 32

y’s trilemma pede. This results

the update of ths; 3) the Nationa

ar power generaite deposits tow

coal remaining aoming decades)al heating; increa

and reconstrucentralised produ

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 21

7 14

3 8

3 62

2 30

rformance is wes in a balance sc

he State Energyal Action Plan fo

ation units on thwards natural gaa stable segmen); medium-term asing efficiency

ction and develouction, operation

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

19

14

5

54

29

ell balanced, witcore of AAB.

y Concept of theor Energy Efficie

he existing sitesas and renewabnt of the countrystabilising of

y in energy prodopment of netwonal reliability, as

32,1

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAB

A

A

B

th a

e ency;

of le y’s

uction ork s well

167 (II)

2,312)

95 | 95

6.5

-1.1

TRILEMM

RANK

1

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Denmperfo

In Maambitand tand tsupp

To ovCO2 ethe futhe e

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

mark tops the Inormance is exce

arch 2012 a newtious initiatives.transport sectorthe overall energlied by wind pow

vercome the chaemissions, Danuture role of thelectricity grid.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 104

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ndex this year, raellently balanced

w Energy Agree This should bri

rs by 2050 by cogy system. Targwer, and more t

allenges and reish policymaker

e Danish natural

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

D

0%

D BALANCE

anking 1st not od, resulting in a

ement was reaching Denmark cloommitting to larggets to reach bythan 35% of fina

ach its ambitiours are focusing gas grid; and th

22.5

0.07

100

0.40

0.18

ENMAR

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


only overall, butletter grade of A

hed in Denmarkoser to reachingge investments y 2020 include aal energy consu

us targets of becon the implicatihe introduction

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

RK

40% 60%

201

k and ore

1

ormance

security 1

equity 15

mental bility

6

e 11

also on the eneAAA.

k. The Agreemeg the target of 1up to 2020 in e

approximately 5umption supplied

coming indepenons of: being foof huge amoun

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1

1

5 13

6 5

1 12

ergy security dim

ent contains a w00% renewablenergy efficiency0% of electricityd from renewab

ndent of fossil fussil fuel free forts of fluctuating

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

1

1

10

6

11

mension. Its trile

wide range of e energy in the ey, renewable eny consumption

ble energy sourc

uels and reducinr the transport s renewable ene

46,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) N.A.

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

emma

energy nergy

ces.

ng sector; ergy in

635 (I)

1,597)

. | N.A.

5.6

-2.8

TRILEMM

RANK

50

SCORE

BBC

TRENDS

Ecuaenvir

The EEcuashareoil exlosse

For thhigh-chanrefine

The aprom

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

ador maintains itronmental susta

Ecuadorian govadorian Nationale of renewable exports to higher es of generation

his purpose, the-capacity hydroege from gas-baery.

ambitious policiemoting improvem

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1,184

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ts place from lasainability dimens

vernment has bel Strategic Plannenergy in the elvalue-added pr and distribution

e government iselectric power psed cooking to

es developed bment on each of

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

4 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

E

0%

D BALANCE

st year at rank 5sion lagging slig

een pushing sevning (National Pectricity genera

roducts; increasn; and an overa

s currently devellants; 2) projectefficient inductio

y the governmethe three energ

39.1

0.08

97

N.A.

0.28

CUADO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


50. Its trilemma ghtly behind the

veral initiatives tPlan for Good Liation mix; reducese of effectiveneall increase in en

loping several pts to promote thon-based cooke

ent will ensure thgy trilemma dime

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

OR

40% 60%

201

k and ore

51

ormance

security 51

equity 47

mental bility

70

e 98

performance isother two, resu

to create a moreiving), sets the fe oil-derived impess and efficiencnergy efficiency

projects, which ihe installation ofer appliances; a

he sustainabilityensions.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 50

1 49

7 49

0 72

8 96

s well balanced olting in a balanc

e sustainable enfollowing goals: ports; change thcy of the transpo.

nclude: 1) the cf renewable pownd 4) the constr

y of the Ecuador

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

50

50

46

79

101

overall, with thece score of BBC

nergy sector. Th increase of thehe current profilort sector; reduc

construction of ewer plants; 3) thruction of a larg

rian energy sec

11,3

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBC

B

B

C

e C.

he e e of ce

eight e

ge oil

ctor by

88 (III)

4,260)

95 | 87

12.4

4.4

TRILEMM

RANK

68

SCORE

CBB

TRENDS

Egypsusta

As thhas bthrouelectrsectofuel a

Policycostlythermstructof en5) ex

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

pt improves by 4ainability dimens

he most populoubecome one of tugh, challenges ricity capacity to

or, and the slow and renewable t

ymakers are ady location; 2) div

mal generation tture to encouraergy infrastructu

xtension of the re

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 2,04

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

4 places, to ranksions, but lags b

us country in Nothe most importrelated to energ

o meet the demprogress of new

technologies.

ddressing the foversification of po benefit from oge energy savinure including reegional intercon

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

0 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

k 68. The countrbehind regardin

orth Africa, Egyptant topics in recgy security needand and no resew and renewab

llowing energy dpower generatioone of the best sng measures; 4)newable energy

nnection power

39.9

0.06

100

N.A.

0.24

EGYPT

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ry receives a gog energy securi

pt is keen to impcent years. Dued to be overcomerve capacitiesle energy projec

developments: on by expandingsolar belt locatio) encouragemey projects usinggrid capacity be

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

T

40% 60%

201

k and ore

64

ormance

security 94

equity 58

mental bility

44

e 10

ood score in theity, scoring a ba

prove its energye to the political me. These challe, low energy effcts due to the in

1) expansion ofg wind farms, anons in the worldnt of the private

g build, own, opeetween Egypt a

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 72

4 93

8 65

4 44

06 109

energy equity aalance grade of

y sustainability. Ttransition the co

enges include aiciency especiancremental cost

f new power capnd introducing s; 3) improveme

e sector to inveserate (BOO) schnd Arab, Africa

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

68

90

60

49

113

and environmenCBB.

Therefore, enerountry is going

an insufficient ally in the industt gap between fo

pacities at the lesolar PV and soent of the energyst in the develophemes; and and Europe.

10,8

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBB

C

B

B

ntal

rgy

rial ossil

east olar y tariff pment

91 (III)

1,215)

95 | 95

13.1

5.8

TRILEMM

RANK

40

SCORE

ABD

TRENDS

Estonenergperfo

EstonintercdemaproduconceMeanintrodfrom

Policyshareeffectbe re

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

nia improves bygy equity, its po

ormance, with a

nia has successconnection with and. However, tuction capacity erns are presennwhile, Estonia ducing a marketthe old feed-in

ymakers shoulde of renewable et that fluctuation

endered more re

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

y 4 places in thisoor score in the e

score of ABD.

sfully improved its Baltic neigh

the current low ohave been put o

nted by the threastill struggles wt premium modetariffs until 2020

d focus on succeenergy to improns in global oil pesilient to cybera

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

E

0%

D BALANCE

s year’s Index, tenvironmental s

its security of enbours and increoil prices put preon hold, which mat of cyber-attac

with environmentel to support new0.

essfully implemove the environmprices have on eattacks and extr

28.1

0.11

100

0.18

0.74

ESTONIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


to rank 40. Whilsustainability dim

nergy supply byeasing domesticessure on Estonmay result in a ncks and the incrtal sustainabilityw renewable en

menting these tarmental sustainaenergy security.reme weather e

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

48

ormance

security 39

equity 54

mental bility

10

e 20

e it receives gomension results

y diversifying itsc electricity prodnian shale oil prnegative impactreasing numbery. To remedy thnergy projects, w

riff reforms and bility dimension Meanwhile, the

events.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 44

9 27

4 53

07 107

0 18

od scores in ens in an imbalanc

energy importsuction capacity roducers, and int on energy secof extreme wea

is, the governmwhile existing pr

find other ways of the trilemma

e existing infrast

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

40

22

50

111

20

nergy security anced trilemma

s through greateto exceed dom

nvestments in ncurity. Further seather events.

ment is now rojects will bene

s to increase thea and to decreasstructure will hav

28,0

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ABD

A

B

D

nd

er mestic

ew ecurity

efit

e se the ve to

095 (II)

3,302)

95 | 69

10.2

1.0

TRILEMM

RANK

118

SCORE

DDC

TRENDS

Ethioenvir

Ethio2.5%aims on enaccesEaste

Whileten yeunlesrise sand cpetrorenew

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

opia improves byronmental susta

opia’s GDP grow% annually, both

at becoming a nhancing develoss to affordableern Africa Regio

e Ethiopia has aears the volumess action is takesignificantly. Polcompetition; 3) holeum fuels; 5) wwable energy te

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 22 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

y 2 places, fromainability is the c

wth of about 11%contributed to imiddle-income opment with min

e, clean and modon.

abundant renewe of petroleum ien to change thelicymakers needhigh dependencwasteful and ineechnologies, ene

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

E

0%

D BALANCE

m rank 120 in 20country’s stronge

% for the last eigncreased energcountry by 2025

nimum carbon edern energy for

wable energy soumports has beee traditional devd to address: 1)ce on and unsusefficient energy pergy conservatio

14.7

0.32

23

0.03

0.08

ETHIOPI

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


015 to rank 118 est trilemma dim

ght consecutivegy demand. Thr5. The Climate-

emission. The vall citizens by 2

urces, the counen growing at apvelopment path,) high levels of estainable use ofproduction, tranon and sustaina

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

12

ormance

security 11

equity 11

mental bility

91

e 11

in 2016. While amension, resulti

e years and popough the Growt-Resilient Greenision for the Eth2025 and to bec

try imports petrpproximately 8%annual petroleu

energy poverty; f biomass; 4) hi

nsportation, andable forest and w

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

21 120 1

1 107

7 118

1 87

2 114

attaining low scng in a balance

ulation growth ah and Transform

n Economy (CRhiopian energy scome a renewab

oleum fuels and% per year. Projeum and fuel woo2) low private sgh dependence use; and 6) devwoodland mana

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

118

102

117

90

111

cores on the whoe score of DDC.

at an average ramation Plan, Et

RGE) strategy fosector is to ensuble energy hub

d coal. Over theections indicateod consumptionsector participate on imported evelopment of aging practices.

1,62

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DDC

D

D

C

ole,

ate of hiopia cuses

ure in the

e past e that n will tion

26 (IV)

3,971)

27 | 5

21.4

4.2

TRILEMM

RANK

8

SCORE

AAB

TRENDS

Finlagloba

Whileand pgoveand ncoal apositirenewfurthe

FinniIf suc

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

nd drops 5 placally in the energ

e a majority of thpower productiornment has recenew energy techand to halve oil ive effect on thewables target uner increase of th

sh policymakersccessful, the cou

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ces in this year’sy security dime

he country’s conon, Finland’s envently stepped uhnology projectsimports by 203

e trilemma’s enender the EU’s Rhe renewables s

s must now ensuntry’s ranking

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

F

0%

D BALANCE

s Index, to rank nsion, resulting

nventional thermvironmental susp its efforts in ths. This is part of0. Imports of ha

ergy security dimRenewable Enershare to 50% by

sure that these pis expected to im

26.5

0.13

100

0.20

0.28

FINLAND

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


8. Finland’s en in a letter grad

mal power genestainability scorehe renewables sf a long-term plaard coal have almension. Furthergy Directive, wy 2030.

promising reformmprove in future

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

D

40% 60%

201

k and ore

5

ormance

security 2

equity 24

mental bility

78

e 3

ergy trilemma ise of AAB.

eration is made e still needs to bsector, making €an to completelyready decrease

er, the country hith the country’s

ms are implemee reports.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 3

2 2

4 21

8 74

3 2

s well balanced,

up of highly efficbe improved. To€80m available y phase out ene

ed in 2015, whichas already mets domestic strat

ented in an effec

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

8

3

24

71

2

, and it places 3

cient combinedo this effect, theto support biofu

ergy production ch could have at its 38% 2020 tegy calling for a

ctive way.

40,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAB

A

A

B

3rd

heat e uel from

a

601 (I)

3,692)

95 | 95

3.0

-1.0

TRILEMM

RANK

6

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Francgloba

Francdepeby faworld

Receclimanuclecarboand g

Key cthe taprodu

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

ce improves by ally in the energ

ce has very littlendency, Francer the largest nuc

dwide. Nuclear p

ent energy policate change. Theear energy in favon to €56 per togas to counterac

challenges for Fargets set. The ucers.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 19 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

3 places to rany equity dimens

e domestic oil ae has pursued aclear generatingpower constitute

ies include meae government revour of renewab

on in 2020 and €ct the increase

France come witcoexistence of

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

F

0%

D BALANCE

k 6. The countrysion, resulting in

nd natural gas pa vigorous policyg capacity of anes about 79% o

asures and targeecently passed ables. The legisla€100 per ton in 2in energy prices

th the implemenregulated tariffs

19.4

0.07

100

0.23

0.15

FRANCE

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


y balances the tn a balance sco

production and y of nuclear powny country in Euof total electricity

ets to improve ea new energy tration includes th2030.The govers.

ntation phase ofs and market pri

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

E

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 24

equity 10

mental bility

11

e 21

trilemma excellere of AAA.

relies heavily ower developmenrope, and is secy generation.

energy efficiencyansition law withe commitment rnment has also

f its policies andces for electrici

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 9

4 21

0 12

1 13

1 22

ently and places

n imports. To rent since the mid-cond only to the

y, boost renewah the aim to cutto increase the

o revised social

d efforts must goty could also ca

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

6

16

9

11

19

s in the top 10

educe import -1970s and now

e United States

able power and t France’s reliantarget price of tariffs for electr

o towards meetause friction for

39,

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

w has

tackle nce on

ricity

ting

678 (I)

= 728)

95 | 95

7.6

-1.2

TRILEMM

RANK

5

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Germ7th g

The msustaenergGermeight regulsecur

For indemaon surenewenergframe

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

many maintains lobally regardin

most recent poliainability and focgy usage and C

many’s energy mnuclear power atory uncertaintre energy dema

ncreased share and and supply ubsidies rather twable energy angy into the systeework towards a

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 28,3

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

its 2015 positiong energy secur

icy developmencusing on a stro

CO2 emissions. Tmix. Eight out of

plants will be pty, investors are

and.

of renewables,for renewable p

than encouraginnd investments em have led anda free and efficie

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

55 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

G

0%

D BALANCE

n, at rank 5. Thity, for an overa

nt in Germany, inong increase in The 2011 decisif 17 facilities wehased out gradue reluctant to inv

the Renewablepower plants. Thng competition fin grid infrastru

d will continue tent European e

30.3

0.07

100

0.40

0.24

ERMAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


e country’s eneall balance score

nitiated before 2power generatioion to phase ou

ere closed immeually over the nvest in new con

e Energy Law (Ehe law is disablifor innovative, e

ucture to integrato lead to higherelectricity marke

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

NY

40% 60%

201

k and ore

4

ormance

security 6

equity 20

mental bility

24

e 14

ergy trilemma is e of AAA.

2010, is the Geron from renewat nuclear by 202

ediately, one waext seven yearsventional powe

EEG) guaranteeing market mec

efficient and inexte the increasinr electricity pricet to limit the bur

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 5

6 6

0 22

4 29

4 16

excellently bala

rman Energy Trable sources, a r22 constitutes as closed in 201

s. Due to low whr plants, which w

es a fixed price, hanisms, allowixpensive technog amounts of vo

es. Policymakerrden.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

5

7

15

31

15

anced, and it pla

ransition, targetreduction of prim

a challenge to 5, and the remaholesale prices will still be need

independent ofing the sector toologies. Subsidiolatile renewabrs must set the

47,

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

aces

ing mary

aining and

ded to

f o rely ies for le right

268 (I)

1,387)

95 | 95

3.7

-0.8

TRILEMM

RANK

99

SCORE

BDC

TRENDS

Ghanresult

In ordnumbto exe

ReceproviTrans2011of heCompproce

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

na drops 2 placets in the energy

der to improve eber of related checute policies; 3

ent policy develode for the plannsmission System (Act 832) to imat and power inpany in July 201essing, transpor

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 109

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es in this year’s y security dimen

energy security,hallenges, such 3) governmenta

opments includening, expansionm, and to regula

mprove the deven an efficient and11 with the resprting and marke

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

Index, from rannsion, it lags beh

energy equity aas: 1) the lack

al interference; a

e: the enactmen, safety criteria, ate the wholesalopment, managd environmenta

ponsibility to buiting natural gas

27.7

0.07

61

N.A.

0.16

GHANA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


nk 97 in 2015 tohind regarding e

and environmenof a credible, suand 4) ineffectiv

nt of Electricity R reliability and c

ale electricity magement and util

ally-sustainable ild, own, and ops in Ghana.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

95

ormance

security 32

equity 10

mental bility

75

e 80

o rank 99 in 201energy equity, re

ntal sustainabilitustained and focve regulatory au

Regulations, 20cost-effectivenesarket; the enactmisation of renewmanner; and th

perate infrastruc

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 97

2 36

04 105

5 78

0 83

6. While the couesulting in a bal

ty Ghana needscused energy pothorities.

08 (L.I 1937), wss of the Intercoment of the Renwable energy soe incorporation ture required fo

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

99

35

106

81

91

untry achieves glance score of B

s to address a policy; 2) the ina

which is intendedonnected newable Energyources for produ

of Ghana Gas or gathering,

4,20

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BDC

B

D

C

good BDC.

bility

d to

y Act, uction

01 (IV)

3,991)

28 | 5

23.6

7.4

TRILEMM

RANK

33

SCORE

BBA

TRENDS

Greeresult

Greemarkgenecount

A newlargeand ethe fiapplic

The Gcomp

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

ce improves byting in a letter g

ce has put in plket uptake of renration, which cutry’s energy sec

w remuneration installations pa

encourages renrst half of 2015.cable only to so

Government is opany − the Publ

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 2,10

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

y 4 places, to rangrade of BBA.

ace a number onewable energyurrently accountcurity and enviro

policy framewoarticipate via comewable energy . To revive the s

olar PV installati

obstructing the ic Power Corpo

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

9 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

G

0%

D BALANCE

nk 33. The coun

of policy instrumy sources. The ats for 40% of poonmental sustai

ork for renewablmpetitive scheminvestors to stestalled domesticons for self-con

liberalisation of oration (PPC), ow

15.8

0.06

100

0.24

0.28

GREECE

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ntry’s energy tril

ments to meet thaim is also to attower generationinability trilemm

les allows feed-mes. This requirep in without genc PV market, thensumption (both

f the energy marwner of the nati

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

E

40% 60%

201

k and ore

37

ormance

security 84

equity 45

mental bility

21

e 55

lemma performa

he ever-increasitempt to reduce. If successful, sa performance.

-in tariffs (FITs) res healthy comnerous FITs. One country has im rooftop and gro

rket, maintainingional transmissi

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 37

4 77

5 46

1 23

5 48

ance is well bala

ng electricity dee the share of cosuch plans can

only for small Ppetition among

nly 7 MW of newmplemented a nound-mounted s

g control of the on system oper

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

33

56

44

19

46

anced overall,

emand, favourinoal in electricity help to improve

PV systems, whelectricity gene

w PV was instalnet-metering schsystems).

national electricrator.

26,6

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBA

B

B

A

ng the

e the

ile erators led in heme,

city

680 (II)

1,696)

95 | 95

6.9

-1.1

TRILEMM

RANK

37

SCORE

DAA

TRENDS

Hongequityscore

The ereliabmainsuccePipelgovein pla

In theintrodlight b

With air qu

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

g Kong improvesy and environm

e of DAA.

economy has scble electricity suland China in Aessful completioine has helped rnment has put

ace that requires

e 1990s, naturaduction of LPG vbuses.

the 2013 Cleanuality.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

s by 3 places inmental sustainab

carce indigenouupply, Hong KonAugust 2008, guaon and commissensure a stablein place a cont

s major oil comp

l gas for electricvehicles around

n Air Plan for Ho

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

HO

0%

D BALANCE

n this year’s Indebility dimensions

us energy sourcng signed a Memaranteeing suppsioning of the He and secure suingency plan forpanies to mainta

city generation wd the year 2000,

ong Kong, the G

7.3

0.03

100

N.A.

0.14

ONG KO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ex, to rank 37. Ts, but lags behin

ces and about 25morandum of Uply of nuclear enong Kong Bran

upply of natural gr oil in the evenain a minimum

was introduced , LPG has been

Government has

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

NG

40% 60%

201

k and ore

38

ormance

security 12

equity 26

mental bility

20

e 9

The country recend regarding ene

5% of electricitynderstanding (Mnergy and enhach Line of the Sgas from the mat of disruption. Aof 30 days’ sup

for diversity of sn used as a fuel

s implemented a

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 40

20 121

6 29

0 20

9 8

eives excellent ergy security, re

y is imported. ToMOU) on energyanced supply of Second West−Eainland for poweA code of practiply of gas oil an

supply. Moreovefor more than 2

a series of meas

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

37

117

31

20

7

scores in the enesulting in a bal

o secure clean ay cooperation wnatural gas. Th

East Natural Gaser generation. Tice has also beend naphtha.

er, with the 20,000 taxis and

sures to improve

56,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) N.A.

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DAA

D

A

A

nergy ance

and with he s The en put

d

e

719 (I)

1,961)

. | N.A.

11.6

N.A.

TRILEMM

RANK

15

SCORE

BAA

TRENDS

Icelanpartic

With a powprovirespoLandpublic

Accopowe80 Mcable

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

nd drops 3 placcular strength. T

a big share of rwer purchase agding approximaonsible for moresvirkjun generac utilities and th

ording to the Nater plants is expeW installed elec

es − to mainland

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ces, to rank 15. This results in a

renewables, Icegreement (PPA

ately 75% of all te than 96% of aates is sold to enhe Icelandic Tra

tional Renewabected to increasctrical capacity. d Europe.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

IC

0%

D BALANCE

Iceland performbalance score

land currently d). State-owned the electricity prll hydro generatnergy intensive nsmission Syste

le Energy Actioe by 12% from Recently, the p

23.6

0.22

100

N.A.

0.15

CELAND

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ms well across thof BAA.

does not have a Landsvirkjun is roduced in Icelation, and 11% oindustries via loem Operator (T

on Plan for 20205.24 TWh in 20

possibility emerg

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

D

40% 60%

201

k and ore

13

ormance

security 54

equity 17

mental bility

1

e 17

he board, with e

spot market forby far the large

and (12.6 GWh aof the total geothong-term contraSO).

0 (NREAP), elec014 to 5.8 TWh iged of exporting

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 12

4 54

7 17

2

7 17

environmental su

r electricity. Pricest energy compannually). Landhermal output. 8cts. The remain

ctricity generation 2020, which c

g electricity − via

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

15

57

19

2

17

ustainability bei

ces are negotiatpany in Iceland,dsvirkjun is 80% of electricitning 20% is bou

on from geothercorresponds to a HVDC subma

46,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BAA

B

A

A

ng a

ted via

y ght by

rmal about

arine

547 (I)

2,671)

95 | 95

2.1

-1.4

TRILEMM

RANK

91

SCORE

BCC

TRENDS

India and rbalan

India33−3energClimaby 20

Rece2) UDcoal-fdomeimproefficie

Key cIndia

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

improves by 1 receives lower snce score of BC

's Intended Nat35 % by 2030 frogy resources byate Fund (GCF)030.

ent policy develoDAY to turn aroufired stations; 5estic oil and gasoved availabilityency notified wi

challenges inclu; 3) expanding e

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 44,26

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

place in the 201scores in the en

CC.

ionally Determinom 2005 levels;y 2030, with the ); creation of ad

opments and imund DISCOMS;

5) leapfrogging ts exploration any of coal throughth wider scope;

ude: 1) DISCOMenergy access;

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

62 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

16 Index to rankergy equity and

ned Contribution about 40% cumhelp of technolditional carbon

mpacts include: 1 3) DDUGJY sco latest emissiod production se

h transparent co10) DSM throu

M reforms yieldin4) integrating la

30.1

0.09

75

0.08

0.32

INDIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


k 91. The countd environmental

ns (INDCs) inclmulative electricogy transfer andsink of 2.5-3 bil

1) phased implecheme for rural on standards in ector; 7) tighter Loal block auctionugh large-scale

ng expected resarge RE capacit

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

90

ormance

security 50

equity 95

mental bility

98

e 10

ry receives a ba sustainability d

ude; reduction oc power installedd low-cost interllion tonnes of C

ementation of 17 electrification;road transport sLPG subsidy ben; 9) second cycreplacement by

sults; 2) growth ty.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 92

0 60

5 93

8 96

01 105

alance score of imensions, resu

of emission inted capacity from national finance

CO2e through ad

75 GW RE powe4) EPAR for lim

sector; 6) help foeneficiary targetcle of PAT for iy LEDs; 11) sma

in manufacturin

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

91

51

93

97

100

B for energy seulting in an over

ensity of GDP bynon-fossil fuel

e from the Greedditional forest c

wer capacity by 2miting emissionsfor boosting of ting via DBT; 8) ndustrial energyart cities.

ng through Make

6,0

High (HHI

s (%) 7

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BCC

B

C

C

ecurity rall

y based n

cover

2022; s from

y

e-in

89 (III)

= 779)

77 | 14

19.7

6.1

TRILEMM

RANK

78

SCORE

BBD

TRENDS

Iran iequity

Homesectoexpo

Furthgeneadva

The c5 GWinfrascountaroun

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

mproves by 2 py dimensions, b

e of the world’s or has not manarts have tripled

her, Iran has maration and transnced combined

country is also tW of both solar pstructure more rtry’s hydroelectnd 15% capacity

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 21,4

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

IRA

ANKINGS AN

OOK

places in this yebut lags behind

fourth largest paged to developcompared to fig

anaged to attracsformation are n-cycle power pl

taking steps to apanels and windresilient to extreric power plantsy.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

33 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

AN (ISL

0%

D BALANCE

ar’s Index, to raregarding enviro

proved crude oil , due to internat

gures from late 2

ct significant forenow being emplants with about

address the triled turbines by 20eme weather eves. Due to drough

38.2

0.15

98

N.A.

0.53

AMIC R

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ank 78. The couonmental susta

reserves and stional sanctions2015, now exce

eign investmentoyed. This inclu

t 60% efficiency

emma’s environ021. These couldents: recurring dhts in early 201

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

REPUBL

40% 60%

201

k and ore

79

ormance

security 75

equity 33

mental bility

11

e 10

ntry performs winability, resultin

second largest ns. After sanctioneeding 2 million

t and more efficudes a contract y, to be complete

mental sustainad help to renderdroughts have s6, hydropower p

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

IC)

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 80

5 81

3 37

6 118

07 107

well in the energng in a balance

natural gas reses were lifted in barrels per day

ient technologiewith Turkey to bed within the ne

ability dimensionr Iran’s renewabsignificant negatplants are only a

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

78

58

40

119

105

gy security and escore of BBD.

erves, Iran’s eneearly 2016, Iran

y.

es for energy build 5,000 MWext three years.

n, with plans to ble energy ative effects on table to operate

17,3

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBD

B

B

D

energy

ergy n’s oil

W of

install

the at

366 (II)

= 866)

95 | 95

13.7

4.7

TRILEMM

RANK

74

SCORE

BBD

TRENDS

In thienergbalan

The loil anof thelimiterende

Othelegislexploinves

Improtarge

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, gy equity, with ence score of BB

raqi energy secnd gas revenuese highly expensed government rer oil/gas produ

r minor challenglations. Iraq is taoitation of gas asted in the non-e

ovement of eneet is for renewab

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 22,0

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

Iraq drops 5 plaenvironmental sD.

ctor is still comps for electricity give and destrucrevenues. Morection and expor

ges include risinackling these chnd gas-linked inenergy econom

rgy efficiency hable energy to ex

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

14 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

aces, to rank 74ustainability bei

letely owned bygeneration, tranctive war againstover, the continrt and hence an

ng energy demahallenges througndustry. In addity, including indu

as priority in thexceed 5% of tota

63.8

0.05

98

N.A.

0.29

IRAQ

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


4. The country reing Iraq’s lowes

y the public sectsportation and dt lSlS terrorists,

nued disputes wnual federal rev

and internally angh diversificatiotion, it is intendeustry, agricultur

e recently updatal electricity prod

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

68

ormance

security 68

equity 52

mental bility

92

e 11

eceives good scst scoring trilemm

tor. The energy distribution. The and also the ve

with the Kurdistavenues are not c

nd also improveon of economic red that a good pre, trade, transp

ted renewable aduction by 2030

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 69

8 59

2 54

2 92

8 118

cores regarding ma dimension. T

sector is nearlye sector is still faery low oil pricesn Regional Govclearly defined.

ment of environresources, and tportion of the revort and educatio

and energy strat0.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

74

64

53

100

118

energy securityThis results in a

y totally dependacing the challe

es, and hence vevernment (KRG

nment protectionthrough better

evenues will be on.

tegy. The nation

14,8

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBD

B

B

D

y and a

ent on enge ery )

n

nal

895 (II)

4,669)

95 | 91

26.7

3.2

TRILEMM

RANK

20

SCORE

CAA

TRENDS

Irelansusta

In 20in 20(47%electrtargefrom

A fullPapeemisswhich

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

nd ranks 20th inainability, placin

14, Ireland impo14. Fossil fuels

%), followed by gricity imports an

ets: to produce 4wind-powered g

review of Irish er; ‘Ireland’s Trasions by 2050. Th would involve

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 8 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

n this year’s Indeg 7th globally in

orted 85% of itsaccounted for 9

gas (28%), coal nd energy from w40% of its electrgeneration.

national energyansition to a LowThe White Papedecarbonising

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

I

0%

D BALANCE

ex. The countryn the latter. This

s energy needs.90% of all energ(9%), renewablwaste. Ireland hricity from renew

y policy was undw Carbon Energer identifies the the heat and tra

25.6

0.05

100

0.34

0.18

RELAND

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


y performs well rs results in a bal

At the same timgy used in Irelanle energy (8%) ahas set one of thwable energy by

dertaken and thgy Future.’ It env

non-traded secansport sectors.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

D

40% 60%

201

k and ore

17

ormance

security 70

equity 18

mental bility

9

e 10

regarding energlance score of C

me, total primarynd with oil remaand peat (6%),he world’s mosty 2020, with the

e outcome is sevisages a reducctor as the prima.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 19

0 75

8 16

9 10

0 11

gy equity and enCAA.

y energy use in aining as the domwith the balancet ambitious renemajority of this

et out in the Dection of 80−95%

ary focus of gov

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

20

77

16

7

10

nvironmental

Ireland fell by 0minant fuel sou

ce (2%) comprisewable energy s expected to co

cember 2015 W% in energy-relatvernment policy

54,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CAA

C

A

A

0.5% rce ing

ome

White ed ,

654 (I)

4,440)

95 | 95

7.6

-1.3

TRILEMM

RANK

34

SCORE

CAA

TRENDS

Israeenvirscore

The dexplogroware c

Receelectremiss

The g2) seefficie

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

l maintains its pronmental sustae of CAA.

discovery of offsoration will chaning energy need

critical to the cou

ent policy develoricity generationsions.

greatest challent a binding targeency programm

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 165

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

place in this yeaainability dimens

shore natural gange the country’sds. As a countryuntry’s energy s

opments includen − set at 10% b

nges for policymet for reducing G

me.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

ar’s ranking, at 3sions, receiving

as reserves ands energy landscy that has been security.

e: 1) the Nationaby 2020 − to hel

makers are to: 1)GHG emissions

31.4

0.05

100

N.A.

0.27

ISRAEL

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


34. The country its lowest score

d underground ocape, as Israel rlargely depend

al Energy Efficielp counteract in

) ensure that pros; and 3) closely

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

L

40% 60%

201

k and ore

30

ormance

security 79

equity 39

mental bility

36

e 23

performs well ine in energy secu

oil shale and therelies heavily onent on imports t

ency Programmcreasing energy

oduction of newy monitor the im

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 34

9 85

9 35

6 37

3 24

n the energy equrity. This result

e subsequent ben fossil fuel impoto meet its need

me; and 2) a targy demand and r

w resources is caplementation of

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

34

85

36

29

22

quity and ts in a balance

eginning of orts to meet its ds, these reserv

get for renewabreduce GHG

arried out efficief the energy

35,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CAA

C

A

A

ves

le

ently;

432 (I)

3,383)

95 | 95

4.6

2.7

TRILEMM

RANK

17

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Italy iscore

Italy hgene7%). in the

ReceseismsuppTermrenewthermrenew

Incresecurlimit o

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

improves by 6 pe of AAA).

has one of the mration is dominaEnergy efficien

e reduction of G

ent policy develomic retrofitting oforting the produ

mico 2.0, which ewable sources;

modynamic. Thewables in therm

ased interconnerity, also lowerinof 12 miles from

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 124

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

places in this ye

most efficient thated by natural cy improved in

GHG emissions a

opments includef buildings, builduction of energyencourages meaa 20-year plan

ese measures amal uses, and im

ection of the Itang natural gas p

m the coast for o

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

ear’s Index, to ra

hermoelectric gegas and renewathe residential, and water pollut

e: an extension ding renovationy from solar PV asures to increafor funding non-im to lower the

mprove efficiency

lian natural gasprices in the whooff-shore oil and

23.5

0.07

100

0.31

0.19

ITALY

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ank 17, earning

eneration systemable energy (gacommercial andtion between 20

of the incentives and energy stand solar thermase energy effic-solar renewablburden of incen

y.

s market with EUolesale market. gas drilling act

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

24

ormance

security 25

equity 32

mental bility

19

e 39

a perfect score

ms in Europe anas 48%, renewad transport sect005 and 2013.

es scheme for Ptorage systems;

mal plants in builciency and the pe energy such a

ntives on energy

U markets is exp The governmetivities.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 23

5 23

2 33

9 19

9 40

across the boa

nd the energy mble 28%, coal 1ors, with impres

V installations, ; Conto Energialdings and busin

production of theas wind, geothey bills, increase

pected to increant has also rest

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

17

19

32

14

40

ard (overall bala

mix for power 5%, oil 3%, othssive achievem

energy efficienca, a mechanism nesses; Conto ermal energy froermal, biomass the share of

ase Italian energtored the minim

35,

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

ance

er ents

cy,

om and

gy um

896 (I)

= 886)

95 | 95

6.7

-1.1

TRILEMM

RANK

30

SCORE

CAB

TRENDS

In thienvirof CA

The g2017the nfarms

The NpoweAugutemp

Althoexpeexpe

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, ronmental sustaAB.

government has. One of the critew FIT system s.

Nuclear Regulaer plants based ust 2016, Takahorarily shut dow

ough some challcted to restart incting a lifetime e

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 264

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

Japan maintainainability dimens

s amended the fticisms of the cuintroduces a bid

tion Authority (Non new safety sama nuclear pla

wn.

lenges might ben the long run aextension of nu

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

s its place at rasions, but lags b

five-year-old feeurrent FIT systedding system fo

NRA) approved standards. Whileants (2 units, 87

e encountered inand Japan’s eneclear plants from

26.2

0.07

100

0.11

0.28

JAPAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ank 30. The coubehind in terms

ed-in tariff (FIT)em is that purchaor the purchasin

the safety meae Ikata nuclear 70 MW each) we

n restarting the ergy security scom 40 years to a

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

28

ormance

security 61

equity 38

mental bility

37

e 19

ntry performs wof energy secur

system, with chasing prices weg price from lar

sures of Sendaplant unit 3 (890ere operational

remaining nucleore will improvet most 60 years

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 30

1 83

8 23

7 40

9 21

well in the energyrity, resulting in

hanges to be intre set high. To age-scale PVs su

i, Takahama an0 MW) started itin early 2016, b

ear plants, many. Additionally, th

s.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

30

78

23

41

21

y equity and a balance score

troduced in Apraddress this criuch as mega-so

nd Ikata nuclearts operation in

but have been

y of these planthe plant owners

37,

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CAB

C

A

B

e

ril ticism, olar

r

ts are s are

322 (I)

1,015)

95 | 95

4.8

0.4

TRILEMM

RANK

75

SCORE

DBC

TRENDS

Jordadime

The menergGDP demagrowtdiverimpo

The cmix bRussShalenew Lreduc

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

an drops 8 placension, while ene

major current chgy demand annin 2014. The A

and is projectedth, and expansi

rsification of enert of Piped Natu

country has beeby 2020 comparsian state-ownede Company andLNG terminal opcing CO2 emiss

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 6 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es, from rank 67ergy security is

hallenges for theually being impo

Arab Spring leavd to continue to gon of developm

ergy sources by ural Gas (PNG)

en attempting tored to 2% in 201d company Ros

d Shell with the epened in July 20ions as well as

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

J

0%

D BALANCE

7 in 2015 to ranits weakest, res

e country are anorted. These im

ves the country igrow between 5

ment projects. Thintroducing alteto Liquefied Na

o increase the sh13, signing a $1satom in March 2expectation that015 to replace tincreasing ener

29.8

0.08

99

N.A.

0.37

JORDAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


nk 75 in 2016. Esulting in a bala

n extremely highmports impose ain constant insta5−7% annually whe country’s curernative energyatural Gas (LNG

hare of nuclear,0bn deal for co2015. The oil sht shales will conthe import of oil rgy security.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

N

40% 60%

201

k and ore

62

ormance

security 93

equity 48

mental bility

76

e 71

nergy equity is nce score of DB

h dependence o heavy cost burability of supply with the flow of rrent and future , exploiting dom

G).

, solar and windnstruction of 2,0hale reserve hantribute 14% to and unstable P

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

2 67

3 100

8 50

6 83

1 68

the country’s stBC.

on imports with rden, representiof oil and naturrefugees, nationtop priorities ar

mestic reserves,

power to 16% 000 MW nucleas been developthe nation’s ene

PNG. This will al

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

75

106

52

82

72

trongest trilemm

over 95% of itsng about 20% oral gas. Energy nal population re to achieve a and switching f

of the total enear power reactorped by the Jordaergy mix in 2020lso contribute to

10,8

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DBC

D

B

C

ma

of the

from

rgy rs with an Oil 0. A o

80 (III)

2,854)

95 | 95

14.5

3.8

TRILEMM

RANK

82

SCORE

CBD

TRENDS

Kazaenergscore

Recein prothe edevealternthe mgenePresi

Policyimproenergintrodsignif

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

akhstan improvegy security and e of CBD.

ent policy develooduction, extracnergy intensity lopment and incnative sources b

modernisation ofration portfolio wident of Kazakh

ymakers will coovements to thegy resources forducing cutting-eficant amounts o

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 28,66

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es by 2 places inenergy equity,

opments in Kazaction and consumof industry (a 25clusion of availaby 2050 should f existing powerwill be enhancestan in 2013.

ontinue existing e country’s trilemr export to world

edge technologieof electricity to m

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

63 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

KAZ

0%

D BALANCE

n this year’s Indbut performs po

akhstan includemption of energ5% reduction by

able renewable provide 50% of

r generation, poed by Kazakhsta

successful pracmma balance, ad markets. Theres that will not omarkets in neigh

36.0

0.12

100

N.A.

0.69

ZAKHST

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


dex, to rank 82. Toorly in the envi

e: strengtheninggy; clear and comy 2020 compareenergy sourcesf the country’s e

ower grids and oan’s Transition t

ctices to maintaind attracts invere is a need to fonly ensure domhbouring countr

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

TAN

40% 60%

201

k and ore

75

ormance

security 37

equity 53

mental bility

12

e 56

The country recronmental susta

g state institutionmprehensive ened to 2008); thes (RES) into the electricity); and poil refining instalto a Green Econ

in a favourable estment into the urther develop p

mestic supply, bries.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 84

7 72

3 52

21 123

6 60

ceives good scoainability dimens

ns responsible fnergy saving pro adoption of polenergy mix (ren

plans and progrlations. The div

nomy, approved

investment climexploration and

power generatinut also enable t

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

82

65

54

122

50

ores regarding sion, for a balan

for energy efficieogrammes to relicies to supportnewable and rammes to faciliversification of thd by the Order o

mate, which allowd production of ng facilities by the country to o

25,8

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBD

C

B

D

nce

ency educe t the

tate he of the

ws

ffer

877 (II)

5,555)

95 | 77

8.0

6.0

TRILEMM

RANK

107

SCORE

BDB

TRENDS

Kenyenvirgrade

Kenyconncountweath

Receworldprojethe n

In its enabreguland PDeve

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

ya maintains its ronmental sustae of BDB.

ya’s energy sectectivity rate, a wtry’s high depenher events.

ent developmend’s largest singlect in the region ext five years.

long-term develers of the socioations have bee

Petroleum Policelopment and Pr

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

place in this yeaainability dimens

tor faces a numweak transmissindence on hydro

ts to boost elece-turbine geotheto deliver 15%

elopment stratego-economic tranen developed: tcy 2015 to supporoduction Local

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

ar’s index, at rasions, but receiv

ber of challengeion and distributopower also exp

tricity generatioermal power plaof supply; and 3

gy ‘Vision 2030’nsformation envhe 2015 Energyort the administContent Regula

19.4

0.12

19

0.11

0.10

KENYA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ank 107. The coves a balance sc

es: growing demtion network, anposes the energ

on include the coant, which will a3) 1 GW of worl

’, energy was idvisioned for the cy Bill to consolidtration of all the ations 2014 Act

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 31

equity 11

mental bility

56

e 94

untry performs wcore of D in ene

mand, inadequand lack of investgy sector to eme

ommissioning odd 140 MW to td-class solar pr

entified as one country. To thisdate all laws relaproposed laws

t for local conten

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

07 107 1

1 37

8 117

6 55

4 93

well in the energergy equity, for a

te power supplytments from theerging risks, suc

f: 1) the Olkariahe grid; 2) the larojects to be bui

of the critical foeffect a numbe

ating to energy, and the Petrole

nt provisions to

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

107

47

118

58

89

rgy security and an overall letter

y capacity, a lowe private sector. ch as extreme

a IV power plantargest wind eneilt by SkyPower

oundations and er of policies and the National En

eum Explorationname a few.

3,08

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BDB

B

D

B

w The

t, the ergy r over

d nergy

n,

83 (IV)

2,994)

61 | 5

15.6

2.4

TRILEMM

RANK

44

SCORE

CAC

TRENDS

In thireceiv

Energdepe

RecestrenDeveEnvirthe stsecur

Policydevesafetytrans

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, ves a letter grad

gy security remndency of aroun

ent policy measugthening the co

elopment Fund tronmental sustatrong support ofrity, economics,

ymakers need tlopment of reney issues, wasteparent.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 88 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

Korea (Rep.) rade of C in both e

ains a major chnd 97%.

ures to enhanceompetitiveness oto fund energy dainability policy mf RD&D. Nuclea, climate change

to continue focuewable energy; e disposal, and i

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

KOREA

0%

D BALANCE

anks 44th. Energenergy security

allenge with a v

e energy securitof energy develodevelopment promeasures includar energy plays e and load dem

using on: 1) the and 3) the expancreasing publi

38.2

0.09

93

0.24

0.36

A (REPU

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


gy equity is the y and environme

very low stability

ty include: expaoping companieojects in additiode: the expansian essential ro

mand.

enhancement oansion of the nuc acceptance b

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

UBLIC)

40% 60%

201

k and ore

43

ormance

security 72

equity 30

mental bility

87

e 28

country’s strongental sustainabil

y of resource su

anding cooperates; and establison to giving goveon of renewablele in the country

of overseas eneuclear power secy providing obje

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 46

2 76

0 38

7 89

8 29

gest trilemma dity, for a balanc

upplies and an e

ion with resourching the Overseernment loans ae energy with tay’s energy syste

rgy developmenctor, with considective informatio

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

44

72

35

88

28

imension, whilece score of CAC

energy import

ce-rich countrieseas Resource and guaranteesargets until 2030em in terms of e

nt; 2) the deration given toon and being

34,

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CAC

C

A

C

e it C.

s;

. 0 and energy

o

549 (I)

= 926)

95 | 95

3.5

2.8

TRILEMM

RANK

53

SCORE

CAD

TRENDS

Kuwatrilemresult

In lighdevecycleincreenergits ele

Althofrom regulinvesecon

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

ait improves by mma dimension,

ting in a balanc

ht of the rapidlylopment plan fo

e gas-fired plantase to 25 GW, wgy consumptionectricity demand

ough most of thisrenewables by ated oil sector h

stment to bring pomy through na

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 15,5

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

3 places, from r with Kuwait rece score of CAD

y increasing powor the electric grs and several swith a reserve m

n from 34% in 20d at peak times

s planned capa2020 and to inc

has delayed furtproduction capaatural gas produ

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

10 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

K

0%

D BALANCE

rank 56 in 2015ceiving its lowes.

wer demand oveid. Since 2007, maller expansio

margin of more t009 to 42% in 2.

city will be fuellecrease to 15% bther exploration

acity to 4 millionuction.

64.3

0.05

94

N.A.

0.36

KUWAIT

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


5 to rank 53 in 2st letter grade fo

er the past deca5 GW of capac

ons to oil-fired fathan 10%. By in

2012, the countr

ed by natural gaby 2030, mainly n and productionn barrels per day

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

T

40% 60%

201

k and ore

59

ormance

security 81

equity 19

mental bility

96

e 79

016. Energy eqor its environme

ade, the governmcity have been cacilities. By 202ncreasing the shry has moreover

as or oil, 5% of deploying solar

n. Project Kuway by 2020, as w

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 56

1 74

9 24

6 98

9 78

uity is by far theental sustainabil

ment unveiled acommissioned, t0 the installed chare of natural gr been looking fo

the electricity isr and wind technit attempts to inell as to diversif

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

53

75

21

99

76

e country’s stronlity performance

an extensive through combincapacity is plangas in its primarfor solutions to m

s planned to comnology. Howeve

ncentivise foreigfy its oil-heavy

71,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CAD

C

A

D

ngest e,

ed-ned to ry meet

me er, the n

312 (I)

2,344)

95 | 95

13.3

3.5

TRILEMM

RANK

25

SCORE

ABB

TRENDS

In thienerg

In 20Socieincreled to

A plaand eLithuongo

The mfeed-

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, gy security bein

12 the Latvian gety. Since then, ased, especially

o a decrease in

anned connectioequity dimensioania, is likely to

oing renovation o

main challenge -in tariff scheme

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

Latvia drops 1 pg its strongest d

government agrthe country has

y due to connecenergy prices.

on from Latvia tons of the trilemm

o further add to tof its hydroelect

for Latvia will be to support this

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

place to rank 25dimension. This

reed on the Latvs made significactions between S

o Estonia, to be ma. A diversificathis. The countrytric power plants

e to further growgrowth.

23.4

0.11

100

0.17

0.19

LATVIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


5. The country’ss results in a bal

vian Energy Lonant progress on Sweden and Lit

completed by 2ation of gas impry has also mads, as well as bu

w its renewable

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

26

ormance

security 16

equity 43

mental bility

53

e 24

s trilemma perfolance score of A

ng Term Strategthis plan. Interc

thuania as well

2020, is further ports, mainly due progress in thilding capacity i

energy sector,

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

6 24

6 15

3 41

3 49

4 23

rmance is overaABB.

gy 2030 – Compconnection in thas Poland and L

expected to impe to a new LNG

he renewables sn wind energy.

as well as desig

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

25

18

38

56

26

all balanced, wi

petitive Energy he area has Lithuania, which

prove the securG terminal in sector, with the

gning an effecti

24,2

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ABB

A

B

B

th

for

h has

ity

ve

286 (II)

2,539)

95 | 78

8.2

0.3

TRILEMM

RANK

86

SCORE

DBB

TRENDS

Lebaenvir

In 20energ

The ntowarcount

With adopefficie

A keysectoenergsecur

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

non maintains ironmental susta

10, the governmgy efficiency an

national target isrds developing try’s progress o

regards to enerted in 2011, expency gains.

y challenge to sor. Policymakersgy and energy erity dimensions.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ts place in this yainability dimens

ment approved ad renewable en

s for 12% of totalarger solar pow

on its renewable

rgy efficiency tapired in 2015 an

successful imples should focus oefficiency, which.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

L

0%

D BALANCE

year’s ranking, sions, but lags b

a strategy for thnergy to address

al electricity prower plants, suches targets.

rgets, progress nd no successo

ementation will bon creating an eh has the potent

24.8

0.06

100

N.A.

0.33

EBANO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


at rank 86. Thebehind regarding

he rehabilitation s the country’s e

oduction to comh as the Beirut R

is slowing dowr plan has been

be to update theenabling legislattial to improve b

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ON

40% 60%

201

k and ore

84

ormance

security 10

equity 75

mental bility

58

e 93

country performg energy securit

of the power seenergy security

e from renewabRiver Solar Snak

n. The Nationaln formulated to e

e legislative framtive framework fboth the trilemm

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 86

08 112

5 76

8 58

3 99

ms well in the enty, for a balance

ector, including concerns.

ble energy by 20ke project, is a p

Energy Efficienensure continuin

mework that govfor the developm

ma’s environmen

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

86

113

74

61

95

nergy equity ane score of DBB.

the developme

020. A recent mpromising sign o

ncy Action Planng energy

verns the powerment of renewantal sustainabilit

13,9

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DBB

D

B

B

d .

nt of

move of the

,

r ble ty and

38 (III)

1,091)

95 | 95

9.6

3.7

TRILEMM

RANK

28

SCORE

BAB

TRENDS

Lithureceiv

Lithuthis trits endeve

In lighLatvia

LithuLNG countindicaimpo

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

ania ranks the sves a letter grad

ania remains amrend will continu

nergy dependenlop a regional e

ht of historic disa and Estonia, t

ania has alreadterminal in Dectry saw a drop oates that the cort ratio, all else

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

same as last yede of B in both e

mong the few Eue in the next 10nce on a single selectricity interco

sruption of gas sthe next importa

dy opened up pocember 2014 is of 63% in the shuntry’s energy sbeing equal.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

LI

0%

D BALANCE

ar, at 28. Energenergy security

uropean countr0 years accordisupplier to secuonnection and to

supply from Rusant policy challe

ower links with Panother effort tohare of total gassecurity perform

30.5

0.08

100

0.18

0.20

THUAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


gy equity is the cand environme

ries where electng to Litgrid. O

ure reliable and o construct an L

ssia to the isolatenge will be to s

Poland and Sweo enhance its ins imports that camance is likely to

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

29

ormance

security 40

equity 36

mental bility

72

e 34

country’s strongental sustainabil

ricity consumptOne of the count

reasonably pricLNG terminal an

ted energy counstrengthen regio

eden in Decembdependence fro

ame from Russio increase given

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 28

0 25

6 34

2 67

4 32

gest trilemma diity, for a balanc

ion grows steadry’s energy cha

ced energy. Its knd LNG Hub.

ntries, not only Lnal energy integ

ber 2015. The eom a monopoly a in the first quan the improveme

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

28

46

34

40

34

mension and it ce score of BAB

dily every year aallenges is to redkey actions are

Lithuania but algration.

establishment ofexporter. The

arter of 2016, went of its energy

27,7

Low (HHI =

s (%) N.A.

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BAB

B

A

B

.

and duce to

so

f an

which y

730 (II)

6,272)

. | N.A.

7.5

1.6

TRILEMM

RANK

55

SCORE

DAD

TRENDS

Luxelimitasusta

A malimitecountimpro

The wthe ein tar

Energindusof the

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

mbourg places ations of its geogainability, resulti

ajor challenge thed resource endtry needs to focoving its energy

wider deploymenergy mix in 20

riffs, investment

gy and carbon istry and transpoe contributing fa

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

55th in this yeagraphical size hng in a balance

hat Luxembourgdowment, there cus on promotiny efficiency and

ent of renewable010. However, th

incentives and

ntensity in Luxeortation sectors actors.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

LUX

0%

D BALANCE

ar’s Index. Whilehave negative coe score of DAD.

g faces is its depis little potentialg regional intercintensity to prom

es is a major chahe 2020 target itax deductions

embourg’s econenergy intensity

11.9

0.09

100

0.23

0.23

XEMBOU

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


e it achieves theonsequences fo

pendence on enl for Luxembourconnection, divemote its energy

allenge for Luxeis at 11% and d, the country is

nomy is the lowey is the highest

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

URG

40% 60%

201

k and ore

60

ormance

security 11

equity 1

mental bility

11

e 6

e best score gloor its scores in e

nergy imports (9rg to develop doersifying its enesecurity.

embourg, with reespite its suppounlikely to meet

est among EU-1among all EU-1

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 57

8 120

1

1 108

6 3

bally regarding energy security a

96.8% in 2010). omestic energy srgy sources and

enewables accoort mechanismst the target give

5 countries. Ho5 countries with

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

55

122

1

103

5

energy equity, tand environmen

Due to the cousources. Instead suppliers and

ounting for 2.9%s, which include en current progr

owever, for the h low diesel pric

101,

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DAD

D

A

D

the ntal

ntry’s ad, the

% of feed-ess.

ce one

926 (I)

3,876)

95 | 95

1.9

2.3

TRILEMM

RANK

35

SCORE

BBC

TRENDS

Malayenvir

Accokey aapprogeneNew susta

The cpotengeothtotal plant wind

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

ysia improves bronmental susta

ording to the elevaims for the Maloximately 98% iration plants wipower plants w

ainability through

country is also sntial of several ahermal and windgeneration capais currently undmapping by 20

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1,39

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

by 3 places, to rainability dimens

venth Malaysia aysian energy sin 2015. In ordeth 7.6 GW of to

will contribute to h replacing olde

seeking to improalternative sourcd are expected acity is 7.8% in der construction16 to explore its

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

5 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

M

0%

D BALANCE

ank 35. Its trilemsion, for an over

Plan (2016−202sector. The shaer to complete thtal capacity andnot only the imp

er, inefficient pla

ove its generatioces is being exato be at the heaPeninsular Mal

n and will start os feasibility as a

40.0

0.07

99

N.A.

0.36

ALAYS

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


mma performanrall letter grade

20), rural electrre of household

he electrificationd a number of gprovement of enants.

on mix, which wamined by the gart of governmeaysia and Saba

operation in 201a reliable source

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

41

ormance

security 64

equity 37

mental bility

69

e 35

nce is overall baof BBC.

rification and rends with access ton of the entire corid interconnectnergy equity but

will reduce its higgovernment; in pnt policy. The ta

ah by 2020. Und8. In addition, th

e of energy.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 38

4 55

7 40

9 75

5 33

lanced, scoring

newable energyo electricity hasountry by 2020, tion projects willt also enhance e

gh dependency particular biomaarget share of reder this aim, thehe country will c

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

35

37

41

83

33

g slightly lower in

y development ws increased to construction ofl be implementeenergy security

on oil and gas.ass, biogas, enewable sourc

e first geothermacomplete its nat

26,8

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBC

B

B

C

n the

will be

f new ed. y and

The

ces in al tional

891 (II)

1,411)

95 | 95

4.2

4.4

TRILEMM

RANK

52

SCORE

BBB

TRENDS

Mexicacros

The Mmarkecon

Mexicto climwell areducto co

The genergnaturand e

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

co improves by ss the board, re

Mexican energyket scheme, folloomy.

co is the secondmate change (2as measures of ction in GHG emme from clean e

greatest challengy programme aral gas on and oenergy conserva

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 2,63

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

7 places in thisceiving a balanc

y sector is facingowing the marke

d country, after 2012 General La

adaptation. Memissions by 203energies by 202

nges policymakeand the re-initiaoffshore as well ation including c

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

8 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

M

0%

D BALANCE

s year’s Index, frce score of BBB

g a dual challenet liberalisation

the UK, which haw on Climate Cexico’s Intended30 (compared to24 and an aspira

ers need to focution of a nucleaas the developm

cogeneration in

34.4

0.07

99

N.A.

0.27

MEXICO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


rom rank 59 in 2B.

nge: a) the transin 2013; and b)

has enacted a laChange, LGCC)d Nationally Deteo a business-as-ational goal of a

us on to meet thar programme; 2ment of shale gorder to reduce

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

O

40% 60%

201

k and ore

52

ormance

security 66

equity 64

mental bility

51

e 51

2015 to rank 52

sition from a mo the transition fr

aw that frames ), both from an eermined Contrib-usual projectiona 50% reduction

he targets are: 12) continued incgas resources; ae Mexico’s ener

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

2 59

6 62

4 72

1 57

1 56

in 2016. The co

nopolistic structrom a high-carb

the actions to bemission mitigatbutions for COPn), with 35% of

n in GHG emissi

) the continuatiorease of produc

and 3) improvedgy intensity.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

52

59

71

55

55

ountry performs

ture to a compebon to a low-car

be taken with regtion point of vie

P21 include a 25electricity geneions by 2050.

on of a renewabction of both oil d energy efficien

17,2

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBB

B

B

B

s well

etitive bon

gards w as

5% ration

ble and

ncy

277 (II)

6,511)

95 | 61

14.8

1.7

TRILEMM

RANK

114

SCORE

DCD

TRENDS

Mongboth

An imfour sthe d

ModeDeveincreplant

Lastlygovecountappro

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

golia drops 3 plaenergy security

mportant challenseparate electricistribution syste

ernisation and inelopment Bank, asing over the ps and operation

y, the governmernment is strengtry’s renewableoximately 2,600

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1,79

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

aces to rank 114y and environme

nge for the Mongcity grids are in

em under the Pr

ncreasing electrthe share of ele

past years. Duenal managemen

ent is aiming to gthening its intes potential, whic

0 GW.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

3 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

MO

0%

D BALANCE

4. The country rental sustainabil

golian energy soperation. Ther

rogramme on M

ric production caectricity which ise to ageing powet and to develop

increase the shernational coopech has been est

37.2

0.14

86

N.A.

0.74

ONGOL

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


receives low sclity. This results

ector is to deverefore, the coun

Mongolian Integr

apacity are prios being importeder plants it is esp new plants to

hare of renewaberation and worktimated by the M

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

LIA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

11

ormance

security 11

equity 96

mental bility

12

e 64

ores across thes in a balance sc

elop a national inntry is planning trated Power Sys

rities for the coud from Russia tossential to reducsecure a reliab

bles in the nationking with internaMongolian Natio

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 111 1

6 115

6 95

22 123

4 69

board, scoring core of DCD.

ntegrated energto connect thesestem (2007−204

untry. Accordingo manage peak ce losses by imple energy suppl

nal energy mix tational companional Renewable

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

114

114

95

124

65

a letter grade o

gy system. Currese grids and exp40).

g to the Asian k demand has beproving existingly.

to 20% by 2020ies to develop t

e Energy centre

12,1

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DCD

D

C

D

of D in

ently pand

een

0. The he to be

89 (III)

6,621)

43 | 5

12.8

4.5

TRILEMM

RANK

80

SCORE

DBC

TRENDS

Moroletter

Moroenergenergin 20

Accoopenpowesameimpro

Renecount

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

occo ranks 80th r grade of D reg

occo has taken agy imports and tgy from solar, w15.

ording to the Climed in 2016, can

er over one millie time, the counovement by 203

ewable energy atry as US$11bn

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 2 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

in this year’s Inarding energy s

a strong initiativto reduce its de

wind and hydrop

mate Investmenn play a vital roleon homes by 20

ntry is focusing o30.

and energy efficn is projected to

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

M

0%

D BALANCE

ndex. The countsecurity, for a ba

ve to develop renpendency on foower, which wil

nt Funds, the firse to improve en018 and reducinon promoting en

ciency will keep be invested in s

29.3

0.07

99

0.12

0.25

OROCC

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


try’s strongest tralance score of

newable energyossil fuels. The cll lead to 42% of

st phase of the ergy security an

ng emissions bynergy efficiency

its position as tsolar and wind

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

CO

40% 60%

201

k and ore

78

ormance

security 11

equity 57

mental bility

67

e 82

rilemma dimensDBC.

y since 2008 in country set a taf installed powe

NOOR project, nd sustainabilityy an estimated 7. The goal for e

the heart of the over the next fiv

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 78

3 118

7 57

7 76

2 81

sion is energy eq

order to deal wirget to establish

er capacity in 20

a group of 5 soy by producing e760,000 tons of nergy efficiency

national energyve years in Moro

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

80

111

59

75

81

quity, but it rece

ith high levels oh 6 GW of renew020 compared to

olar plans which enough energy CO2 per year. A

y is to achieve a

y strategy in theocco.

7,8

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DBC

D

B

C

eives a

of wable o 13%

was to At the a 20%

21 (III)

1,047)

95 | 87

13.7

5.1

TRILEMM

RANK

965

SCORE

DDB

TRENDS

Namitrilemof D.

Namineightacklehas rnatiothe p

FormResoRegupoliciarrive

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

ibia improves bymma dimension

this results in a

ibia struggles tohbouring countrie these difficultirecently developnal regulator, thotential to impro

mulating an integource Plan and tulatory Authorityies are still forme at a strong an

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 53 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

y 4 places in thiis environmenta

a balance score

o meet local demies such as Zimes, particularly

ped a frameworhe Electricity Coove the country

grated long-termthe Renewable y (NERA) with a

med under the aed coherent ene

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

N

0%

D BALANCE

is year’s index, al sustainability of DDB.

mand. In additiombabwe, Zambia

through the expk to include Inde

ontrol Board (EC’s energy trilem

m energy strategEnergy Policy, n expanded regegis of the 1998rgy policy and th

31.8

0.08

44

0.11

0.18

NAMIBIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


from rank 100 iwhile both ener

on to its own insa, Mozambique pansion of its reependent Powe

CB), has alreadymma performanc

gy remains a keas well as the t

gulatory remit ar8 White Paper ohus to improve

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 11

equity 10

mental bility

54

e 61

n 2015 to rank 9rgy security and

talled capacity tand South Afric

enewable energyer Producers (IPy issued 14 IPP

ce across all dim

y challenge for ransformation ore positive rece

on Energy Policythe country’s ra

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

02 100

4 113

00 100

4 52

1 57

96 in 2016. Thed energy equity

the country relieca. However, they sector. To this

PPs) in the energ licences. These

mensions.

the country. Theof the ECB into tnt developmenty, which needs

anking.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

96

103

100

45

59

e country’s stronreceive a letter

es on imports froe country planss effect the counrgy supply, and se developments

e National Integthe Namibia Ents. However, theto be updated t

10,4

Low (HHI =

s (%) 8

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DDB

D

D

B

ngest grade

om to ntry the s have

grated ergy

ese to

14 (III)

2,522)

83 | 14

12.6

4.5

TRILEMM

RANK

123

SCORE

DDC

TRENDS

Nepascore

The kelectr

Nepadepeover

To prsuppProgrsolar deve

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

al ranks 123rd ines are particular

key energy chalricity supply to p

al has one of thendent on traditio8% per year un

rovide reliable aorted by the Unramme (2012−2r heating systemlopment to the c

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

n this year’s Indrly low, resulting

llenges for Nepaprovide reliable

e lowest levels oonal biofuel for

ntil 2027 accordi

and sustainable nited Nations De2017) is building

ms. The programcountry.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

ex, maintainingg in an overall le

al are to improvenergy services

of electrificationheating and cooing to the Nepal

energy, a ‘Ruraevelopment Progg on the Rural Emme is expected

15.6

0.18

76

N.A.

0.10

NEPAL

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


g its 2015 rank. Tetter grade of D

ve access to mos to the populat

n among South Aoking. At the sal Electricity Auth

al Energy Develgramme (UNDP

Energy Developd to bring benef

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

12

ormance

security 12

equity 11

mental bility

85

e 11

The country’s eDC.

odern energy in tion.

Asian countries ame time, energhority (NEA).

lopment PrograP). The Nationament Programmfits of economic

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

23 123 1

25 125

2 111

5 85

4 116

nergy security a

rural communiti

and the rural poy demand is ex

mme’ was launcl Rural and Ren

me by building s, environmental

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

123

125

111

86

115

and energy equ

ies and to incre

opulation is higxpected to increa

ched in 1996 newable Energysmall hydropowel and social

2,45

Low (HHI =

s (%) 6

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DDC

D

D

C

ity

ase

hly ase at

y er and

58 (IV)

9,432)

67 | 10

24.4

2.7

TRILEMM

RANK

4

SCORE

AAB

TRENDS

In thimakinbalan

The Ndebathe fabasefairly

Key emarksusta

A keystimuNethebalan

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, ng it into the topnce score of AA

Netherlands is wte around insta

ace of challengi; and a feed-in tslow.

energy policy deket steering, marainable/renewab

y trend is the strulate or facilitateerlands is expecncing fuel in a sy

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 715

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

the Netherlandsp 10 not just ove

AB.

well-positioned llation of additiong markets; enstariff scheme th

evelopments arerket involvemenble energy) feed

rong decentralise this developmected to strengthystem that is mo

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

NET

0%

D BALANCE

s improve by 4 perall, but also w

in the Index butonal onshore winsuring solar surat is not sufficie

e: the green deant and market red-in scheme tha

sation of power ent including the

hen its position aoving towards s

21.2

0.07

100

0.23

0.25

THERLA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


places to rank 4with regard to en

t still faces a nund capacity; higrges and geotheent to reach targ

als; energy innoesources for eneat is fully operati

generation. Pole upgrade of thas a gas countrysustainability.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

NDS

40% 60%

201

k and ore

7

ormance

security 15

equity 3

mental bility

42

e 8

4. The country pergy security an

mber of challengh expectations ermal meet expegets. Furthermo

ovation top sectergy; and the SDonal and funded

licymakers havee existing netwoy, with an increa

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 8

5 20

3 4

2 42

8 5

performs stronglnd energy equity

ges. These inclof biomass and

ectations given tre, energy effici

or approach deDE+ (stimulatiod (over €1.5bn p

e to create the fork such as smaased focus on th

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

4

9

3

42

6

ly across the boty. This results i

lude: the public d green gas in the low startingiency progress

esigned to strengn of per annum).

framework to art grids. Finallyhe role of gas a

48,

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAB

A

A

B

oard, n a

is

gthen

y, the as a

459 (I)

= 924)

95 | 95

3.9

0.1

TRILEMM

RANK

9

SCORE

AAB

TRENDS

New baseequity

The Ngoverespoperfo

Retireto 81energtarge

Trendimplicinvolvfuture

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

Zealand placesd framework any and environm

New Zealand Enrnment’s overaronsibility, efficieormance.

ements of therm% in 2015. Recgy sector wide t

ets and support

ds to watch arecations of the envement in the ee competition, n

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 440

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

s 9th in this yearnd strong econo

mental sustainab

nergy Strategy rching energy p

ent use of energ

mal generation hcent policy initiattargets for incremeasures for e

: 1) the speed onergy-sector wilectricity market

network regulatio

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

NEW

0%

D BALANCE

r’s Index. In thismic growth the

bility well, resulti

(NZES) and Enolicy frameworky, and secure a

has seen New Ztives have focusasing the propolectric and low e

of electric vehiclde targets on int, and the implicon, and prices.

24.6

0.10

100

0.13

0.27

W ZEALA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


s year’s index, Ncountry balance

ing in a balance

nergy Efficiency k. Its four prioritand affordable e

Zealand’s alreadssed on leverag

ortion of renewaemissions vehic

e uptake in lighnvestment and ecations of the m

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AND

40% 60%

201

k and ore

11

ormance

security 19

equity 29

mental bility

38

e 4

New Zealand raes the trade-offs

e score of AAB.

and Conservatiies (diverse res

energy) help sha

dy high proportioging this advantable energy in thcles to 2021.

t of governmentenergy intensityore rapid adopt

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 7

9 16

9 18

8 36

4 4

nks 9th. With itss between energ

on Strategy setource developm

ape New Zealan

on of renewableage, with gover

he economy and

t and business atrends; 3) growion of new tech

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

9

13

20

36

8

s stable market-rgy security, ene

ts out the ment, environmend’s trilemma

e electricity incrrnment consultind implementing

action; 2) the wing demand-sidhnologies on dem

36,

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAB

A

A

B

-ergy

ental

ease ng on

de mand,

982 (I)

1,024)

95 | 95

6.6

0.4

TRILEMM

RANK

124

SCORE

DDD

TRENDS

Nigerequity

Despecon

NigerIt is ecome

Natioinfras

With speci

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

r places secondy. This results i

pite the richnessomic productivit

r has significantestimated that 9es from biomass

onal law and thestructure for del

regards to the rifically competit

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 20 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

d to last in this yn an overall bal

s of Niger’s resoty and investme

t natural energy90% of Niger’s ps. The second la

e liberalisation oivering energy r

renewable eneriveness, transp

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

year’s Index, at rance score of D

ources, energy isent, and also the

y resources suchpopulation accesargest contribut

of the energy maremains a key b

gy sector, therearency and sec

19.5

0.17

9

N.A.

0.13

NIGER

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


rank 124, and reDDD.

s still a challenge limited access

h as biomass, usses energy thrtor is oil at 17%

arket result in Nbarrier.

e is still lack of scurity of the mar

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

12

ormance

security 11

equity 12

mental bility

12

e 11

eceives the low

ge for the authos that the majori

uranium, mineraough the use of.

iger being an at

sufficient legislatrket.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

24 124 1

9 117

24 125

20 120

1 112

est score globa

rities. This is maty of the country

l coal, natural gf biomass, and 7

ttractive investm

tion to attract in

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

124

119

125

120

114

ally regarding en

ainly a result ofry has to energy

gas, hydro and s70% of energy s

ment opportunity

ncoming investm

95

Medium (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DDD

D

D

D

nergy

f low y.

solar. supply

y, but

ment,

54 (IV)

2,031)

6 | 5

15.0

N.A.

TRILEMM

RANK

104

SCORE

ADD

TRENDS

NigerdimeADD

The kHousgene

Howesourcfirms and b

The selectrtransenerg

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

ria drops 3 placnsion, placing 8.

key priority chalsing of Nigeria, trates about 14%

ever, the gas suces, i.e. renewafor the construc

bring the benefit

second challengrification. Only 4mission and disgy agenda.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 9,384

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es in this year’s8th globally, it re

lenge for Nigerithe country dep%.

upply is frequenble energy. In Jction of solar pots of enhancem

ge refers to the 48% of the popustribution netwo

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

4 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

N

0%

D BALANCE

s Index, to rank eceives a letter g

ia is to diversify ends on gas-fire

tly disrupted by July 2016, the feower plants. Theent of energy se

energy equity aulation currentlyrk and improvin

24.2

0.08

48

N.A.

0.04

NIGERIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


104. While the grade of D in th

y energy sourcesed power plants

y militants. This ederal governmeese are expecteecurity.

aspect of the Triy has access to ng existing lines

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

98

ormance

security 5

equity 10

mental bility

97

e 11

country performe other two dim

s. According to s for over 80% o

situation drives ent signed the ped to give the co

lemma. Nigeriaelectricity. Therwill come into t

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 101 1

5 5

06 107

7 102

7 117

ms strongly in themensions, for a b

the Ministry of Pof its electricity w

the country to fpower purchaseountry 975 MW

has one of the refore, developithe priority list o

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

104

8

108

101

117

e energy securbalance score o

Power, Works awhile hydropow

find other energe agreement witof electricity ca

lowest shares ong a new

of the country’s

5,99

High (HHI =

s (%) 5

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ADD

A

D

D

ity of

and wer

gy th 12 pacity

of

92 (IV)

1,190)

54 | 10

15.8

2.0

TRILEMM

RANK

102

SCORE

CDC

TRENDS

Pakisscore

Pakisinefficgovethe c

In adachieand pprojeconst

Pakisdeve

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

stan ranks 102ne of CDC.

stan’s energy secient power tranrnment in 2013 ountry’s potenti

dition, projects eve a higher shaplans exist to excts include sevetruction in the N

stan will also halopment of rene

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1,99

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

nd in this year’s

ector is faced wnsmission systelaunched the Nal for renewable

are being deveare of renewablexpand its capaceral wind farms

North East of the

ave to make sureewable energy c

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

0 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

PA

0%

D BALANCE

Index. The cou

ith a triple challeem, and expensiNational Power Pe energy genera

loped under thees. One of the pity to 1,000 MWand hydroelect

e country.

e that the countcapacity to ensu

20.9

0.09

91

N.A.

0.19

AKISTA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ntry receives lo

enge posed by ive thermal powPlan (NPP). A kation.

e auspices of theprojects, the Qu

W. This would matric power plants

try’s transmissioure the reliable s

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AN

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 74

equity 99

mental bility

94

e 12

w scores acros

a large supply−wer generation. Tkey aspect of the

e China−Pakistauaid-e-Azam Soake it the world’s such as the S

on infrastructuresupply of energy

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

04 102 1

4 69

9 99

4 94

20 119

s the board, res

−demand gap, aTo remedy this e NPP is to step

an Economic Colar Park, starteds largest solar puki Kinari projec

e can keep up wy.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

102

76

99

93

120

sulting in a bala

an ageing and situation, the

p up efforts to e

orridor (CPEC) d operating in 2power plant. Otct currently und

with this rapid

5,04

Low (HHI =

s (%) 7

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CDC

C

D

C

nce

xploit

to 015 her er

42 (IV)

2,647)

71 | 11

16.6

3.1

TRILEMM

RANK

89

SCORE

CCB

TRENDS

Paragwherescore

Nearto de

The othat d24% in the

The abasis

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

guay maintains e it receives a lee of CCB.

ly 99% of Paragvelop a policy fr

only clean energdiesel sold commethanol. It is ho

e future.

abundant supplys for social and e

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

its place at ranetter grade of B

guay's energy dramework prom

gy policy incentmercially in the

oped that the po

y of energy resueconomic deve

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

PA

0%

D BALANCE

k 89. The countB, but it scores lo

emand is met bmoting the use of

ive in Paraguaycountry must co

olicy will introduc

ults in low energlopment in the f

28.8

0.09

97

N.A.

0.10

ARAGUA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


try’s strongest tower regarding

by hydropower. f renewables.

y is a biofuel maontain 5% biodice more diversif

gy costs for the future.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AY

40% 60%

201

k and ore

91

ormance

security 99

equity 87

mental bility

77

e 10

rilemma dimensenergy security

Therefore, there

andate for gasolesel and gasolification of suppl

retail and comm

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 89

9 97

7 86

7 59

02 100

sion is environmy and energy eq

e is little to no in

ine and diesel. ne must containly and less relia

mercial consume

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

89

96

86

57

96

mental sustainabquity, for a balan

ncentive for Par

The mandate sn between 18% ance on hydropo

er, and is a goo

9,1

Low (HHI =

s (%) 6

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CCB

C

C

B

bility, nce

raguay

states and

ower

od

84 (III)

2,554)

68 | 20

27.1

3.6

TRILEMM

RANK

64

SCORE

BCB

TRENDS

Peru with e

Peru’privatof ennatio

Schesecurthe 2auctiofor sm

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

drops 1 place tenergy equity b

’s National Enerte investment inergy markets, enal level.

emes to support rity in hydrocarb013−2022 perioons and calls fomall-scale hydro

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 536

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

to rank 64 in thiseing its weakes

rgy Policy 2010n the sector; andencouraging effi

these goals arebons; a schemeod, implementedor tenders to seco, solar, wind, b

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

s year’s Index. Tst trilemma dime

−2040 was appd to minimise thciency and the

e already in place to promote thed in May 2013, wcure the implemiomass, and ge

36.8

0.05

85

0.16

0.15

PERU

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


The country perension, for a bal

proved at the enhe social and endevelopment of

ce and include: e modernisation with clearly defi

mentation of hydeothermal.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

40% 60%

201

k and ore

63

ormance

security 65

equity 83

mental bility

32

e 57

rforms well regaance score of B

nd of 2010 with tnvironmental imf renewable ene

a law, passed iof oil refineries

ined targets for ro projects. Add

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 63

5 61

3 85

2 32

7 62

arding environmBCB.

the goal to encopacts by promoergies at the loc

n April 2012, to; a universal endifferent sub-co

ditional fiscal inc

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

64

54

84

38

60

mental sustainab

ourage and prototing the developcal, regional, and

o promote energnergy access plaomponents; andcentives are in p

12,4

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BCB

B

C

B

bility,

tect pment d

gy an for d place

02 (III)

3,055)

92 | 25

11.2

4.9

TRILEMM

RANK

61

SCORE

BCA

TRENDS

The Pdime

The P2−3 hstakeInterrincre

ThereprojeMost premregasEast/

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

Philippines dropnsion, placing 1

Philippines suffehours daily. Thoeholders, the Deruptible Load Prase in capacity

e is a need for icts has been inprojects that ar

mium given to thesification opport/Europe/Austral

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 99 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ps 1 place to ran1st worldwide, b

ers from a shortough the power epartment of Enrogramme; 2) a from renewable

nvestments in ptroduced, whichre currently in the peso-per-kilowtunities are curria with an antici

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

PH

0%

D BALANCE

nk 61. The counbut lags behind r

tage of power sushortage is a sy

nergy has outlineboost in supply

es, primarily sol

power generatioh is expected tohe pipeline are cwatt hour cost oently discussedipated capacity

31.4

0.05

83

N.A.

0.16

ILIPPIN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ntry performs exregarding energ

upply, often resystemic problemed some short-ty through the coar, wind and bio

on. Recently an o increase the incoal-fired as coaof electricity. Addd such as LNG tof 2−4 million to

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

NES

40% 60%

201

k and ore

67

ormance

security 60

equity 91

mental bility

2

e 75

xcellently in the gy equity, result

sulting in rotatingm to be resolvedterm solutions toommissioning anomass.

increased feed-nvestments in soal project develoditionally, naturaerminals to impons of gas per y

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 62

0 56

1 90

2 1

5 71

environmental sing in a balance

g brownouts lasd through the coo address the bnd rehabilitation

-in tariff allocatioolar energy projeopers are currenal gas projects vort LNG from th

year.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

61

52

92

1

69

sustainability e score of BCA.

sting an averageollaboration of abrownouts: 1) thn of plants; 3) an

on for solar powects in the longntly favoured byvia LNG he Middle

7,3

High (HHI =

s (%) 7

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BCA

B

C

A

e of all e n

wer -run. y a

59 (III)

1,253)

76 | 34

10.3

1.5

TRILEMM

RANK

36

SCORE

BAB

TRENDS

Polana par

Receincenefficieframeenvir

Expe1) demodemorebiofulow-ctechn

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

nd drops 4 placerticular strength

ent energy policyntives to diversifency; increasingework for explorronment by the d

ected future trenevelopment of thernisation of thee efficient coal mels production a

carbon economynologies to achie

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 3,912

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es, to rank 36. T. This results in

y developmentsfy gas supply ang the competitivration works for development of

nds affecting Pohe country’s enee electricity genemining exploitatioand use; 6) conty, while enablingeve lower emiss

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

2 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

P

0%

D BALANCE

The country’s tra balance scor

s include the divnd developmentveness of fuels a

domestic primaf clean coal tech

land’s energy sergy network inferation sector; 4on and explorattinued efforts tog an improvemesions growth.

32.6

0.08

100

0.19

0.38

POLAND

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


rilemma performre of BAB.

versification of tht of renewablesand energy by lary energy fuelshnologies.

ustainability andfrastructure; 2) f4) increase secution for convent

o improve energent of lifestyles

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

D

40% 60%

201

k and ore

33

ormance

security 53

equity 31

mental bility

73

e 36

mance is overall

he energy mix t; reducing energiberalisation of t

s; and limiting th

d issues for polifurther diversificurity of primary fional and uncony efficiency andover the next 20

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 32

3 47

1 30

3 68

6 34

balanced, with

hrough additiongy intensity andthe markets; im

he energy secto

icymakers to foccation of energyfuel supply thronventional gas; d energy savings0 years, by dep

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

36

60

28

64

36

energy equity b

nal nuclear pland increasing ene

mproving the legaor impact on the

cus on are: y sources; 3) ough investment

5) increase trans; 7) transition t

ploying low-emis

26,1

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BAB

B

A

B

being

ts; ergy al

ts in nsport to a ssion

135 (II)

5,502)

95 | 95

7.0

0.0

TRILEMM

RANK

18

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Portususta

Portugainethe swere MIDCEuropof enefficieMoro

Greaby incTaxareduc

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

ugal ranks 18th ainability being i

ugal’s aim to reined momentum wupply to Europealso considere

CAT), to integrapean supply secergy supply is aency and divers

occo.

ter access to encreasing tariff retion Reform andce emissions an

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

in this year’s Ints strongest dim

nforce the electwith the Madrid e of excess rened in the Madrid te the Iberian gacurity by taking also being pursusifying imports, w

nergy services feductions and bd called for civilnd promote the

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

PO

0%

D BALANCE

dex. The countrmension. This re

tricity interconneDeclaration (4 Mewable electricitDeclaration, sigas market with Fadvantage of th

ued by promotinwith the Portugu

for low-income hbroadening the e

society participefficient use of

21.5

0.07

100

0.30

0.20

ORTUGA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ry balances the esults in a balan

ection capacity March 2015). Thty generated in gned by the threFrance and Cenhe high capacityng renewable enuese governme

households waseligibility criteriapation and suppresources.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AL

40% 60%

201

k and ore

16

ormance

security 27

equity 27

mental bility

12

e 29

trilemma very wnce score of AAA

between the Ibehe initiative seethis southweste

ee leaders of Spntral Europe, fosy of LNG terminnergy sources, bnt considering a

s facilitated by ta. The governmeort for a Green

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

6 17

7 39

7 31

2 11

9 27

well, with enviroA.

erian Peninsula ks to promote m

ern region. Gas pain, Portugal astering competitals in the Iberiabut also by proma submarine cab

he Portuguese ent also implemGrowth Commit

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

18

31

33

12

32

onmental

and Central Eumarket integratiointerconnection

and France (projtion and increas

an peninsula. Semoting energy ble connection w

government in mented a Green

tment, which ai

29,2

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

urope on and ns ject sing ecurity

with

2015

ms to

214 (II)

= 981)

95 | 95

10.4

-2.2

TRILEMM

RANK

39

SCORE

AAD

TRENDS

Qatareceiv

The Qwhichhydroinnov

Receconsuimpafive-yHoweforeig

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

r maintains its pves a letter grad

Qatar National Vh national strateocarbon industrivation, and exce

ent energy policyumption by 35%cts within the enyear sustainableever, policymakgn investment to

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 23,72

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

place at rank 39de of D in the e

Vision 2030 defegies and impleies, building a kellence in entrep

y developments% within five yeanergy and induse development skers need to cono establish and

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

21 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

0%

D BALANCE

9. The country pnvironmental su

fines the long-tementation plans

knowledge-basepreneurship are

s include the objars; and 2) enhastry sector. Multstrategies with wntinue developinsupport the gov

67.9

0.05

94

N.A.

0.30

QATAR

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


performs very weustainability dim

erm outcomes fos can be develoed economy chae three key elem

jectives to: 1) reance the managtinational compawell-defined perng an integratedvernment’s goal

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

R

40% 60%

201

k and ore

34

ormance

security 35

equity 2

mental bility

11

e 25

ell regarding enmension, resultin

or the country aoped. Expandingaracterised by re

ments identified t

educe electricitygement of econoanies in Qatar arformance targed set of measurel to diversify the

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 39

5 40

2 2

3 112

5 28

ergy security anng in a balance s

nd provides a frg competitive indelying on researto achieve the s

y usage by 20%omic, environmeare encouraged ets with higher lees to attract dome economy.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

39

25

4

115

30

nd energy equitscore of AAD.

ramework withindustries derivedrch, developmeset goals.

% and water ental and socialto put forward t

evels of innovatmestic, regional

143,

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAD

A

A

D

ty. But

n d from nt and

their tion. and

788 (I)

1,115)

95 | 95

6.7

10.9

TRILEMM

RANK

32

SCORE

ABA

TRENDS

Romaof AB

Roma4690renewuncesmall

Althopowerenew

Goingsuppexistiequity

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

ania ranks 32ndBA.

ania’s renewabl MW. Further, twables in gross rtain due to recel renewable ene

ough plans to coer markets of thewable energy, is

g forward, Romort the further ding energy suppy score.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 377

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

d in this year’s I

le energy sectohe country has final energy co

ent changes to ergy producers,

onstruct a subme Czech Repubs expected to m

anian policymadevelopment of ply and transmis

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

R

0%

D BALANCE

ndex. The coun

r, which is mainalready reachensumption. Howthe country’s grhaving been pa

arine cable conlic, Slovakia, Hu

maintain Romani

kers will have torenewable enerssion structure,

27.3

0.08

100

0.17

0.28

ROMANI

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ntry scores well

nly comprised ofd and exceededwever, the futurereen certificate assed into law in

nnection with Tuungary and Romia’s strong ener

o find ways to drgy, as well as fwhich will need

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

40

ormance

security 23

equity 63

mental bility

43

e 67

across the boar

f wind energy, ind its EU-mandae of further invescheme and then 2015, has still

rkey have beenmania, along witrgy security scor

esign more effeocus on the ma

d large investme

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 31

3 17

3 63

3 39

7 58

rd, resulting in a

n June 2016 reated target of a 2

estments in renee fact that a feedl not been effect

n abandoned, thth the already hre.

ective and coherintenance and i

ents to raise the

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

32

24

63

28

53

a balance score

ached a capacit24% share of ewable energy id-in tariff system

ctively implemen

he integration ofhigh share of

rent systems toimprovement of

e country’s energ

21,4

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ABA

A

B

A

e

ty of

s m for nted.

f the

o f the gy

403 (II)

3,132)

95 | 63

13.4

-0.9

TRILEMM

RANK

45

SCORE

ABD

TRENDS

In thiranksbalan

RussEuropthe vEuropas Ukto theover planndepe

EnergStateof theare to

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, s 6th globally, ance score of AB

sia is endowed wpe, Turkey, Japulnerability to thpe’s efforts to dkraine, led to the East’). Howevthe profitability

ned to be complndence on foss

gy efficiency is e Program on Ene economy by 2o account for 2.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 62,6

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

R

ANKINGS AN

OOK

Russia improvend energy equitD.

with natural resopan as well as ohe fluctuations iecrease depende development

ver, competition of these plans. leted by 2030, R

sil fuels.

a key issue for nergy Efficiency

2020. Another ke5% of electricity

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

02 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

RUSSIA

0%

D BALANCE

es by 3 places, tty, but receives

ources, and expther Asian counn energy pricesdence on Russiof new transporwith other gas sWith nine new n

Russia is workin

Russia. To this y and Energy Deey part of this sty generation, ex

35.8

0.16

100

N.A.

0.72

N FEDE

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


to rank 45. The a letter grade o

ports natural gasntries. The high s, the developmeian gas imports rtation routes ansuppliers as wenuclear reactors

ng to further imp

end, the governevelopment, whtrategy is the fu

xcluding large h

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ERATION

40% 60%

201

k and ore

50

ormance

security 11

equity 46

mental bility

11

e 53

country performof D in environm

s and oil to coundependence ofent of shale gasfollowing dispu

nd plans to tap ell as economic s currently undeprove its security

nment, in 2014,hich envisages arther developmydroelectric pow

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

N

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 48

1 8

6 42

7 117

3 51

ms well in energmental sustainab

ntries in Easternthe economy o

s in other regiontes with key tranew gas marketurmoil in Chinaer construction, y of supply while

published an ua 40% decreaseent of renewablwer plants.

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

45

6

42

116

48

gy security, whebility, resulting in

n and Western on energy exporns of the world, ansit countries sets in the east (‘Pa is raising concand another 31e reducing its

updated version e in energy intenles, which, by 2

24,4

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ABD

A

B

D

re it n a

rts and and to uch Pivot cerns units

of the nsity 020,

451 (II)

1,519)

95 | 92

11.0

1.1

TRILEMM

RANK

47

SCORE

BAD

TRENDS

Saudreceiv

The SdiverArabi

In Juterm 2020pricestand

Saudinvesmakeenvir

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

di Arabia maintaves a letter grad

Saudi energy sersify its energy sia’s Vision 2030

ne 2016, the cotargets for the c, which is to be s for solar PV te

dards for the int

di Arabian policystment, while alse up the vast maronmental susta

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 43,8

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ains its place at de of D in enviro

ector is fully depsupply, the gove0’, which sets a

ountry publishedcountry. This incmet chiefly thro

echnology. The roduction of nuc

ymakers must nso continuing toajority of Saudi A

ainability as well

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

94 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

SAU

0%

D BALANCE

rank 47. The coonmental sustai

pendent on oil aernment in April goal of building

d the National Tcludes a goal ofough solar energNational Transf

clear power gen

ow focus on reao improve energArabia’s energyas energy secu

56.9

0.08

94

N.A.

0.36

UDI ARA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ountry performs inability, resultin

and gas for elect2016 launched

g 9.5 GW of rene

ransformation Pf generating 4%gy. This has beformation Progr

neration.

alising these amgy efficiency in thy supply, succesurity scores in fu

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ABIA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

44

ormance

security 33

equity 11

mental bility

10

e 47

particularly welng in a balance

tricity generatio its long-term deewable energy g

Program 2020, w% of energy supp

en rendered moram also calls fo

mbitious goals ahe country. Althssful implementuture rankings.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

4 47

3 41

1 11

09 110

7 54

l in the energy escore of BAD.

n and transportaevelopment roageneration capa

which specifies ply through reneore attractive byor full complianc

nd attracting theough fossil fuelation could imp

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

47

39

12

112

51

equity dimensio

tation. In order tadmap, ‘Saudi acity by 2030.

more detailed sewable energy by the recent droce with security

e necessary ls will continue t

prove the countr

53,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BAD

B

A

D

on, but

to

short-by p in

to ry’s

430 (I)

1,713)

95 | 95

9.7

6.1

TRILEMM

RANK

109

SCORE

CDC

TRENDS

Seneovera

Senebeinghave

The 2Targegeneearly

The S2012technmainequity

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

egal ranks 109thall balance scor

egal’s energy seg properly maint

a strong impac

2012 Energy Stets include achiration mix by 202016 to develo

Senegalese gov to 2020. The a

nical and commly in Greater Day, improving ac

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

h in this year’s Ire of CDC.

ector is currentlytained nor plann

ct on households

rategy for Seneeving a 50% ru017. To supportop up to 200 MW

vernment has aaim of the Senegercial losses an

akar. While imprcess to electrici

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

S

0%

D BALANCE

ndex. Energy eq

y faced with a nuned to be replacs, especially tho

egal sets out a sral electrificationt the deploymen

W of solar power

lso signed up togal Electricity Send to improve throving the reliabity in rural areas

23.5

0.10

57

N.A.

0.24

SENEGA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


quity is the coun

umber of challeced. Water issueose located in ru

sustainable deven rate by 2017 a

nt of renewablesr.

o the World Banector Support P

he reliability of ebility of electricits will be require

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AL

40% 60%

201

k and ore

10

ormance

security 86

equity 10

mental bility

88

e 10

ntry’s weakest t

enges, includinges are also at thural areas.

elopment plan foand a 20% renes, Senegal has j

nk’s Electricity SProject is to redu

lectricity supplyty supply will hed to achieve sig

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

09 109 1

6 82

08 108

8 88

05 101

trilemma dimens

ageing infrastruhe top of the age

or the country’sewables share ojoined the ‘Scal

Sector Support Puce the national y in certain areaslp to improve th

gnificant energy

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

109

92

107

91

99

sion (score D) w

ucture that is noenda, as droug

s energy sector,of the electricity ing Solar’ initiat

Project, running utility companys of the country

he country’s eney equity gains.

2,43

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 8

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CDC

C

D

C

with an

ot hts

tive in

from y’s y, ergy

31 (IV)

1,618)

86 | 17

15.6

4.0

TRILEMM

RANK

73

SCORE

BBC

TRENDS

Serbiin the

Consreadyenerg

The nby thein tarthe epoweopera

Policythe othat win the

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

ia drops 5 placee environmental

siderable investmy for constructiogy consumption

new Energy Sece Energy Commriff (FIT) schemenergy security a

er generation unation until after t

ymakers need tobligation from thwill remain in ope transport secto

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 9,404

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

es to rank 73. Tl sustainability d

ments have beeon to meet the tan in 2020 to be f

ctor Developmemunity Treaty ane has been modand environmennit has started. Ethe year 2023, w

to focus on: 1) ahe Energy Comperation after 20or; and 4) enfor

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

4 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

S

0%

D BALANCE

he country has dimension, resu

en made in the earget of 500 MWfrom renewables

ent Strategy to 2nd action plans dified for solar pntal sustainabilitExisting units arwhich is likely to

adopting the prommunity Treaty t023; 3) meetingcing the incentiv

29.8

0.10

100

0.08

0.50

SERBIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


a balanced trilelting in a balanc

energy sector toW, set by the Nas.

2030 (ESDS) hato implement e

power plants. Thty dimension. Atre being refurbiso improve the co

ogram for the imto implement fluthe 27% target ves for energy e

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

73

ormance

security 52

equity 74

mental bility

90

e 92

emma performance score of BBC

o meet environmational Action Pl

as been adoptednergy efficiency

hese developmet the same timeshed, with the inountry’s energy

mplementation oe gas desulphuof renewables,

efficiency throug

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 68

2 46

4 73

0 90

2 89

nce overall, but C.

mental goals. Selan, which calls

d in line with they and renewableents will have a , construction o

ntention that thesecurity.

f the ESDS untirisation in all exincluding a 10%

gh the new budg

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

73

61

73

89

84

lags slightly be

everal wind farmfor 27% of gros

e EU policy, enfes. The existingpositive impact

of a new coal fireey will remain in

il 2023; 2) meetxisting power pl% target for biofget fund.

13,4

Low (HHI =

s (%) 8

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBC

B

B

C

ehind

ms are ss final

forced feed-on

ed

ting ants fuels

82 (III)

3,983)

89 | 41

15.9

0.6

TRILEMM

RANK

24

SCORE

CBA

TRENDS

Singabut re

The cinnovgenegoveLNG these

Smarwere to enrenew

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

apore improves eceives a letter

country has beevation in gas indration, accountirnment, as is imterminals). To f

e areas in May 2

rt grids are the olaunched in Auhance energy swable energy.

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

by 1 place to ragrade of C in th

en investing intedustry is one of ing for nearly 95

mproving the resfacilitate gas tec2016.

other key part ougust 2016, andsupply stability a

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

SIN

0%

D BALANCE

ank 24. The couhe energy secur

ensively in R&D the important is5%, thus securinsilience and efficchnology innova

of the new energ these are expe

and sustainabilit

24.9

0.03

73

N.A.

0.14

NGAPO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


untry performs vrity dimension, f

projects, in parssues for Singapng reliable suppciency of gas ination, S$27m gr

gy industry in Siected to be comty by monitoring

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

RE

40% 60%

201

k and ore

25

ormance

security 73

equity 56

mental bility

10

e 1

very well in termfor a letter grade

rticular gas and pore. Natural gaplies of natural gfrastructure (su

rants have been

ngapore. The smpleted by 2021.g electricity disru

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 25

3 80

6 56

0 7

1

ms of environmee of CBA.

smart grid areaas is a major sougas is a high prich as the distrib

n awarded to 13

mart grid and d. The projects cuptions and faci

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

24

70

56

9

1

ental sustainabil

as. The R&D urce of electriciority for the bution network a

3 R&D projects i

data analytics prcan allow the coilitating the use

85,

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBA

C

B

A

ity,

ty

and n

rojects untry of

209 (I)

= 638)

95 | 95

0.5

1.1

TRILEMM

RANK

16

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Slovascore

ReceregulThe rlow-in

Policyprodurequimeastechnpolicy

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

akia ranks 16th e of AAA.

ent policy develoation continuesremoval of crossncome househo

ymakers need tuction and e-mores structural ch

sures to reduce nology allows anymakers need t

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 13 M

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

in this year’s In

opments are mas, including marks subsidies is colds and for the

to focus on deaobility. Increasinhanges in the eenergy consum

n increase of eleo focus on decr

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

SL

0%

D BALANCE

dex. The countr

ainly driven by Eket liberalisationhallenging as it manufacturing

ling with the chang energy efficieconomy to mov

mption of buildinectricity generatreasing the depe

33.6

0.08

100

0.20

0.24

LOVAK

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ry balances the

EU energy and cn and promotionconflicts with thsector.

allenge for the dency in all sectove from heavy inngs. The role of tion without increndence on nat

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

18

ormance

security 12

equity 21

mental bility

35

e 38

trilemma very w

climate targets an of environmenhe support of the

distribution systeors of the econondustry to sophisnuclear energy reasing carbon tural gas and oi

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

8 14

2 9

1 20

5 33

8 38

well, receiving a

and implementatally-friendly ene availability of c

em as a result omy remains a csticated productneeds to be disemissions. Furtl imports.

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

16

15

18

30

37

an overall balan

ation of EU policnergy technologcheap energy fo

of decentralisedchallenge and ction, but also scussed becausthermore,

28,8

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

ce

cy and ies. or

d

se the

877 (II)

2,610)

95 | 95

3.4

-1.4

TRILEMM

RANK

12

SCORE

AAB

TRENDS

Slovedimein an

The Einvesenvir

Consof renprogrrealisopera

To immeasreplaenerginves

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

enia improves bnsion (rank 2) woverall balance

Energy Act increstment in renewronmental goals

struction of a senewables in theress, which will sation as well, inator.

mprove Sloveniasures, particularcement of obsogy supply of buistments in the e

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

by 1 place, to rawhile environmee score of AAB.

eases competitiables and in en

s, is still in public

ries of hydroelee energy mix. Th

benefit the regioncluding the SIN

a’s environmentrly in the energyolete heating sysldings. Nationanergy sector an

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

S

0%

D BALANCE

nk 12 in this yeaental sustainabil

ion in the electriergy efficiency.

c discussion and

ectric power planhe construction onal energy ma

NCRO.GRID pro

al performance y consumption ostems) and in sul environmental

nd in renewable

33.1

0.09

100

0.22

0.24

LOVEN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ar’s Index. Enerlity is the countr

icity market, esp The National Ed should be ado

nts on the Savaof electricity an

arket. Multiple teoject, initiated b

additional finanof buildings (theupporting schem legislation and energy sources

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

12

ormance

security 3

equity 23

mental bility

50

e 33

rgy security is thry’s weakest trile

pecially in the gEnergy Concept opted by 2018.

a River is in progd gas interconn

echnologically aby a Slovenian tr

ncial investmentermal insulation,mes for the use permit granting

s.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

2 13

3 3

3 26

0 47

3 35

he country’s stroemma dimensio

as market, and which sets ene

gress, which wilections with Hudvanced smart ransmission ope

ts are needed fo window replaceof renewable e

g are crucial obs

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

12

2

25

44

35

ongest trilemmaon (rank 44), res

stimulates ergy related

l increase the sungary are in

grid projects arerator with a Cr

or energy efficieement and

energy sources fstacles for

31,1

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAB

A

A

B

a sulting

hare

re in roatian

ency

for

122 (II)

1,548)

95 | 95

6.3

0.3

TRILEMM

RANK

84

SCORE

CCD

TRENDS

In thihas bbalan

Energinto twith t

EnvirelectrCoal-

Due t83%

Givensustainfrasdeve

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index, been the countrynce score of CC

gy security mayhe electricity sethe balance com

ronmental sustaricity generation-based generati

to infrastructureof the country n

n that South Afrainability dimensstructure based lopment and us

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 21,0

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

South Africa rany’s strongest tri

CD.

y be improved dector using reneming online ove

ainability continun. Although the ion of electricity

e expansions annow has access

rica has no indigsion, policymakeon imported LN

se of the signific

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

39 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

SOU

0%

D BALANCE

nks 84th, down lemma dimensio

ue to the recentwable technolor 2017 and 2018

ues to be South contribution from

y will continue to

nd increased nets to energy, whic

genous natural gers and busines

NG, initially for pcant natural gas

29.5

0.12

83

0.09

0.72

UTH AFR

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


from rank 81 inon (rank 66 acro

t initiative that hgies. Of the 6,38.

Africa’s weakem renewable en

o dominate even

twork maintenach is likely to im

gas supplies ansses are exploripower generatio

resources in th

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

RICA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

81

ormance

security 76

equity 78

mental bility

10

e 45

n 2015. Over theoss all countries

has allowed inde376 MW planned

st trilemma dimnergy sources isn as renewable

ance efforts, blacmprove energy e

nd the need to ang possibilities

on. It is anticipathe region may a

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

1 81

6 68

8 80

06 105

5 49

e past three yeas). The country

ependent powerd, 2,220 MW is a

ension as a ress increasing, it isenergy program

ckouts reduced equity in the com

address the enviof establishing

ted that participassist in this initia

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

84

66

82

105

47

ars, energy secureceives an ove

r producers (IPPalready operatio

sult of coal-bases still small (<14

mmes are comp

significantly anming years.

ironmental a natural gas ation in the ative.

13,1

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CCD

C

C

D

urity erall

Ps) onal,

ed 4%). leted.

nd

65 (III)

1,508)

94 | 63

9.2

2.1

TRILEMM

RANK

13

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Spaintrade

The eand fgene

SpainrenewHowelevel betwebelowFranc

With promSpain

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

n improves by 3e-offs among en

electricity markefinancial sustainrated, accumula

n has set a targwables in final eever, regional inof electricity inteen Spain and w the EU target ce), but the tota

the potential opmoted. These are

n’s excellent ga

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 391

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

3 places in this yergy security, e

et reform (2013)nability. In 2015,ating a total of m

et of 20% of renenergy consumpnterconnection mterconnections wFrance (the firstof 10%. Gas in

al level still need

peration of the Ibe relevant stepss infrastructure.

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

D BALANCE

year’s Index, froenergy equity an

) aims to elimina, for a second cmore than €800

newable energyption reached 17may pose an obwith Europe hast since 1982), interconnection h

ds to be improve

berian gas tradis towards enhan.

22.4

0.06

100

0.31

0.19

0%

SPAIN

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


om rank 16 in 20nd environmenta

ate the tariff defconsecutive yeam (provisional d

y in gross final e7.43%, on track

bstacle towards s progressed signcreasing the inhas also increased.

ing being discusncing security of

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

20%

201

k and ore

14

ormance

security 21

equity 25

mental bility

17

e 30

015 to rank 13 ial sustainability

ficit and reinforcr, a surplus in thdata).

energy consumpk to achieve the the further grow

gnificantly in 20stalled capacity

sed (2 billion cub

ssed, the use off supply in Euro

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

40% 60%

14 2015 2

4 16

1 22

5 28

7 15

0 31

n 2016. The couwell, with a bala

ce the energy syhe electricity tar

ption in 2020. Inproposed objec

wth of renewable15, with a new i

y by up to 5%, thbic metres flowe

f gas across Euope, especially ta

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

% 80%

2016 Trend

13

26

30

17

31

untry manages ance score of A

ystem’s economriff has been

n 2015 the sharective by 2020. es. While the cuinterconnectionhis value is still ed from Spain to

rope is further taking into acco

34,

High (HHI

s (%) 9

%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

Score

AAA

A

A

A

the AAA.

mic

e of

urrent well

o

unt

527 (I)

= 721)

95 | 95

9.9

-0.6

oal

l

atural gas

onventional the

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

TRILEMM

RANK

81

SCORE

CCA

TRENDS

Sri LadimeCCA

Avoidcountand aLankpann

DespAsianparticprojeand 2

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

anka improves bnsion, but it rec.

ding the expectetry faced nationa resultant drop a could face ened plant additio

pite this situationn Development cularly small islact includes the

2,300 km of low

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

by 2 places, to rceives a letter gr

ed energy shortnwide power fail

in hydropower ergy and capac

ons.

n, the project foBank (ADB) haands, to enjoy reconstruction of

w-voltage line ex

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

SR

0%

D BALANCE

rank 81. Environrade of C in both

tage will be an uures in Novembgeneration. Mo

city shortages in

r 100% electrifics approved a loeliable electricityhybrid renewab

xpansions, and i

30.1

0.05

85

N.A.

0.09

RI LANK

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


nmental sustainh energy securi

urgent and impober 2015 and Feoreover, accordin 2018−2019 an

cation will gain moan of US$115mty supply and alble energy mini-is expected to b

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

KA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

85

ormance

security 82

equity 93

mental bility

27

e 85

nability is the coty and energy e

ortant challengeebruary and Mang to the Public

nd beyond unde

momentum in thm and US$3.8mlow the country grids, upgrades

be complete by 2

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 83

2 84

3 96

7 21

5 88

untry’s strongesequity, resulting

for the countryrch 2016, due to

c Utilities Commr drought condit

he near future. Iin grants to helto improve acce

s to the medium2021.

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

81

74

96

24

85

st trilemma in a balance sc

y. Recently, the to a severe drou

mission’s analysitions even with

In July 2016, thelp some areas,

cess to energy. Tm-voltage networ

11,7

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 6

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CCA

C

C

A

core of

ught is, Sri

e

The rk,

39 (III)

2,081)

66 | 15

10.2

3.4

TRILEMM

RANK

95

SCORE

BDB

TRENDS

Swazsusta

Coal consisuppcogethe h(off- a

In adexplo

Policyenaband d

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

ziland places 95ainability dimens

will continue to idering building ly the country aneration to replaeavy reliance oand on-grid) and

dition, the counore the possibilit

ymakers need tle economic de

development, de

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

5th in this year’ssions, but lags b

play an importaa 300 MW coand allow exportace coal. These

on imported ened fuel (biofuels)

ntry is looking toty of setting up a

to: 1) support thevelopment and evelopment of s

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

SW

0%

D BALANCE

s Index. The coubehind in terms

ant role in the el fired thermal pt to the Southerne efforts are exprgy. In addition,, an independen

increase its stra petroleum pro

he deployment opoverty reducti

skills, and capac

44.1

0.13

35

N.A.

0.14

WAZILA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


untry performs wof energy equit

nergy mix of Swpower station usn African Powerpected to improv, the development power produc

rategic fuel reseoducts refinery,

of renewables; aon, through incrcity building.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ND

40% 60%

201

k and ore

92

ormance

security 41

equity 10

mental bility

62

e 90

well in the energty, resulting in a

waziland. The cosing clean coal tr Pool. Howeveve the country’sent of a renewabcer policy, and f

erves, enhance and tap into the

and 2) increase reased rural ele

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

2 95

1 48

03 103

2 66

0 90

gy security and balance score

ountry has vast technologies, whr, companies ar

s energy indepeble energy stratfeed-in tariffs ar

bulk purchasinge natural gas ma

the budget for tectrification, ene

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

95

45

103

70

98

environmental of BDB.

reserves and ishich is expectedre investing in

endence by redutegy for both pore underway.

g (better prices)arket in Mozam

the energy sectergy access, res

8,4

Low (HHI =

s (%) 8

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BDB

B

D

B

s d to

ucing wer

, bique.

tor to search

27 (III)

9,609)

87 | 25

13.0

N.A.

TRILEMM

RANK

3

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Swedbetwemaint

CurresupptargereachHVO-

PolicyoperaVatteexpehas nfindin

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

den maintains iteen energy sectain a high Inde

ently, the transport to incentivise

et to increase thehed 24% accord-biodiesel and o

ymakers need tation to meet fuenfall has taken cted to close thnot been formalng measures to

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ts position of 3rdcurity, energy eqex ranking, a key

port sector (excee the purchase e share of biofuding to a Swedisother biofuels in

to focus on finditure electricity da policy decisioe two smallest rly withdrawn, Vameet the EU CO

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

S

0%

D BALANCE

d place in this yquity and enviroy issue for Swed

ept trains, metroof electric cars

uels used in transh Energy Agen

n gasoline and d

ing a solution todemand. The firon to close the twreactors in Oskaattenfall has curO2 reduction an

26.0

0.09

100

0.25

0.10

SWEDEN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


year’s Index. Thenmental sustainden is to make

o and trams) relare in place, bu

nsport to 10% byncy report. This diesel, and an in

o replace the exrst reactors are two smallest reaarshamn beforerrently stopped

nd RES targets,

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

N

40% 60%

201

k and ore

3

ormance

security 10

equity 28

mental bility

14

e 2

e country mananability well withthe transport se

ies on fossil fueut results are noy 2020 will be eis mostly due to

ncreased numbe

xisting 10 nucleaexpected to clos

actors in Ringhae 2018. While thany further worenergy efficien

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

3 4

0 13

8 32

4 9

2 10

ges to balance h a balance scorector sustainable

els. Special policot yet meeting exxceeded, as the

o a rapid increaser of cars runnin

ar reactors that wse between 201

als, and Uniper (e application to

rk on the applicacy needs to be a

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

3

10

27

8

4

the trade-offs re of AAA. In ore.

cies and financixpectations. The share has alrese in the blending on biogas.

will be taken ou17 and 2020. (formerly E.ON)

o build new reacation. In additiona top priority.

46,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

rder to

al e EU

eady ng of

ut of

) is ctors n to

420 (I)

1,561)

95 | 95

7.2

-2.3

TRILEMM

RANK

2

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

Switzin en

SwitzRece

Recebe inmeasnext flong t

Policyelectrenergbuildi

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

zerland places 2ergy equity and

zerland’s leadingent policy decisio

ent energy policycluded in the nesures and next sfew months (a pterm, in the mid

ymakers need tricity market; angy market and tings as part of t

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

2nd in this year’d 3rd in environm

g position in theons however ar

y developmentsew energy stratesteps to phase opublic referendud-term Switzerla

to focus on: 1) cnd 3) coming to he EU-ETS. Futhe transition to

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

SWI

0%

D BALANCE

s Index. The comental sustaina

e index reflects tre likely to have

s include the deegy that is undeout nuclear are um is probable).and is likely to be

construction of na bilateral agrerthermore, therea low-carbon e

26.3

0.05

100

0.17

0.10

ITZERLA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ountry’s trilemmability, resulting i

the country’s paa strong impac

cision to refrainer development not yet known a

. To achieve theecome more de

new electricity geement with the e is the need tonergy system.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AND

40% 60%

201

k and ore

2

ormance

security 9

equity 4

mental bility

3

e 13

a performance iin a balance sco

ast energy and ect on the country

from building nand expected toand will be a mae transition to a ependent on gas

grids; 2) compleEU in order to p

o be ambitious a

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

2 2

9 12

4 3

3 3

3 7

is excellent, andore of AAA.

energy-related py’s energy susta

new nuclear powo be implementatter of political low-carbon ene

s-fired electricity

ting the liberalisparticipate in theand increase the

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

2

12

2

3

3

d it ranks 2nd g

policy decisionsainability balanc

wer plants, whicted fully by 2050discussions in t

ergy system in ty generation.

sation of the e European intee renovation rate

60,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

lobally

s. ce.

ch will 0. The the he

ernal e of

535 (I)

1,667)

95 | 95

7.4

-0.3

TRILEMM

RANK

122

SCORE

CDD

TRENDS

Tanzbeing

Tanzdistribgoveaccesgoveoptioplann

Targe2) incand dPetroenvir

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

zania drops 1 plag energy securit

zania faces a shbution networksrnment is impless to electricity rnment is engagns, for example

ned 55 MW sola

ets set by the gocreasing electricdistribution losseoleum Policy, thronment for priva

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 101

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ace to rank 122ty. Its overall ba

ortage of energs are inadequateementing a num

and to bring relging in the deve

e, thought the ‘Oar park in Dodom

overnment inclucity generation ues to 12% by 20e PPP Act and ate investors an

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

TA

0%

D BALANCE

. The country realance score is C

gy services. Powe, and there is aber of projects uiable power to c

elopment of the One Million Solama.

ude: 1) increasinup to 3,000 MW018. The governparticipation in

nd increase com

25.0

0.16

15

N.A.

0.08

ANZAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


eceives low scoCDD.

wer generation ca huge lack of inunder Big Resucitizens, to drivecountry’s solar r Homes’ initiati

ng electricity acW in 2018 and 10

nment has also the Southern A

mpetitiveness an

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

IA

40% 60%

201

k and ore

11

ormance

security 67

equity 12

mental bility

11

e 89

ores across the b

capacities are snvestment, humlts Now (BRN) t

e economic growenergy capacityive, as well as la

cess to 50% by0,000 MW by 20developed a nu

African Power Pond transparency

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 121 1

7 64

22 122

0 113

9 94

board, with its s

till insufficient, tman capital and t

to increase powwth and social dy, pursuing off-garger-scale proj

y 2025 and reac025; and 3) reduumber of initiativool, to create any in the energy s

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

122

83

121

114

94

strongest dimen

transmission antechnology. The

wer generation, development. Thgrid or micro-grijects such as a

ching 75% by 20ucing transmissves, such as then attractive sector.

2,66

Low (HHI =

s (%)

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CDD

C

D

D

sion

nd e

he id

033; sion e

67 (IV)

3,722)

16 | 5

20.2

5.9

TRILEMM

RANK

76

SCORE

CBC

TRENDS

Thaildimebalan

Increfor Thresoueconalternindusrespo

The gbiofupollut

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

and maintains insion, and it rec

nce score of CB

asing energy prhailand. To addurces at domestomies; develop native energy sostry by creating onsible for inves

government hasels, biomass, sotion and suppor

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 1,11

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ts place at rankceives a letter g

BC.

roduction to enhress this challetic and internatioa more diversif

ources. In addita business-frien

stment procedu

s developed pololid waste and art farmers by en

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

8 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

TH

0%

D BALANCE

k 76 in this year’grade of C in bot

hance energy senge, the governonal levels; expfied energy mix;ion, the governmndly, transparenres and process

icies to encouraanimal manure. couraging the p

36.8

0.09

100

N.A.

0.32

HAILAN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


’s Index. Energyth energy secur

ecurity and redunment aims to aplore the joint de; and encouragement aims to incnt environment tses in the energ

age the product These measure

production and u

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ND

40% 60%

201

k and ore

80

ormance

security 10

equity 70

mental bility

74

e 72

y equity is the cority and environm

uce reliance on dvance the exp

evelopment of ee electricity prodcrease competitthrough the Invegy industry.

tion and use of aes are expecteduse of renewab

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

0 76

03 96

0 68

4 77

2 72

ountry’s strongemental sustaina

energy imports loration and pronergy resourcesduction from rention and investmestor Relation O

alternative energd to enhance enle energy at the

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

76

94

67

76

71

est trilemma ability resulting i

s is a key challenoduction of eneres with neighbounewable and othment in the enerOffice, which wil

rgy, in particularnergy security, re community lev

16,3

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBC

C

B

C

n a

nge rgy uring her rgy l be

r reduce vel.

305 (II)

1,103)

90 | 57

6.1

4.6

TRILEMM

RANK

90

SCORE

DBD

TRENDS

Trinid48 acacros

TrinidUS$0equityfuelsbasisan ef

The grecogin theincresourcand 3

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household$/kWh)

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

dad and Tobagocross all countriss all countries)

dad and Tobago0.06 per kWh, wy performance. . The country is

s. There have beffort to decrease

government hasgnition for the nee production andasing current prces to include re3) maximising th

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 410

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

o maintains its pes), while enviroand energy sec

o’s electricity ratwell below the re

Trinidad and Tos the world’s 6theen two price ine the fiscal burd

s set a renewabeed to increased utilisation of eroduction levelsenewable energhe benefits that

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US cents

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

TRINIDA

0%

D BALANCE

place at rank 90onmental sustacurity is also low

tes are among tegional averageobago has sign largest exporte

ncreases since 2en on the gover

ble energy goal o energy security

energy sources. s while reducinggy and contribut

accrue to the c

56.5

0.11

99

0.06

1.05

AD & TO

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


0. Energy equityinability is the c

w, resulting in a

the lowest in thee of US$0.33 peificant oil and n

er of LNG. Liqui2015 in order tornment.

of 135 MW (10%y through promoKey issues the

g the rate of depting to global effcitizens from the

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

OBAGO

40% 60%

201

k and ore

89

ormance

security 10

equity 49

mental bility

12

e 63

y is the country’scountry’s weake

balance score

e Caribbean reger kWh, contribuatural gas reserd fuels subsidie

o bring prices in-

% of 2016 peakotion of energy government wi

pletion of energyforts to address

e exploitation of

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

O

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 90

01 102

9 48

24 124

3 61

s strongest trilemst trilemma dimof DBD.

gion at approximting towards therves and is a nees are removed -line with the int

capacity) by 20efficiency and ell continue to ad

y sources; 2) divclimate changeenergy resource

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

90

99

48

123

64

mma dimensionmension (rank 12

mately US$0.04e country’s eneet exporter of theon a step-by-stternational mark

021. There is a energy conservaddress include: versifying energe and global waces.

32,5

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DBD

D

B

D

n (rank 23

to rgy ese ep ket, in

strong ation 1)

gy rming;

597 (II)

1,481)

95 | 95

2.6

4.9

TRILEMM

RANK

54

SCORE

DBB

TRENDS

Tunistrilem

Over energproduon thsubst

Key i(inclugene

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

sia ranks 54th inmma dimensions

the past few yegy sustainabilityuction of hydroce world market.titution have be

ssues policymauding wind, solaration); and 2) e

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 111

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

n this year’s Inds, but it lags beh

ears, Tunisia hay balance. To accarbons that will. Furthermore, pen initiated.

akers need to foar and a new coextending the na

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

T

0%

D BALANCE

ex. Energy equhind in terms of

as made continuchieve the latterl allow Tunisia tprogrammes for

cus on are: 1) inncentrated solaatural gas netw

29.3

0.07

100

N.A.

0.24

TUNISIA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ity and environmenergy security

ued efforts to sur, policies have to accelerate itsr the promotion

ncreasing the sar power (CSP) work in the south

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

A

40% 60%

201

k and ore

49

ormance

security 96

equity 41

mental bility

29

e 69

mental sustainay, resulting in a

stain its econombeen implemen economic deveof energy efficie

hare of renewascheme) and ho

h and central pa

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 54

6 101

1 45

9 35

9 80

ability are the cobalance score o

mic developmented to manage

elopment and toency, renewable

ble energy in eleouseholds (solart of the country

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

54

101

49

43

80

ountry’s strongeof DBB.

nt and improve tthe exploration

o establish its poe energy and en

ectricity generaar water heat, my.

11,3

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

DBB

D

B

B

st

the and

osition nergy

ation micro

97 (III)

1,396)

95 | 95

15.4

2.0

TRILEMM

RANK

46

SCORE

CBB

TRENDS

Turkeenvirof CB

Turkemeetdepe

Sevenucleup a begaGas C3) Tucapalikely

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

B

S AND OUTLO

ey places 46th ironmental sustaBB.

ey has to accomt this growth. Fundence is of gre

eral initiatives arear reactor at Ak10% share of ton on 17 March Corridor, has th

urkey is workingcity, and steppi

y to help the cou

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 6,12

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

n this year’s Indainability dimens

mmodate a fast-urthermore, onlyeat concern.

re underway to ikkuyu, with a fuotal electricity su2015, with the p

he potential to si on growing its ng up efforts in

untry improve its

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

3 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

T

0%

D BALANCE

dex. The countrysions, with a slig

growing demany 25% of energy

improve energyrther one plannupply; 2) constrproject expectedignificantly contrenewables secgeothermal and

s ranking in futu

27.1

0.07

100

0.13

0.30

TURKEY

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


ry receives a lettghtly lower score

nd for energy, any consumption is

y security in the ed in Sinop. Wh

ruction on the Trd to be complettribute to the divctor, which includ solar energy p

ure reports.

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

Y

40% 60%

201

k and ore

46

ormance

security 71

equity 50

mental bility

59

e 50

ter grade of B ine in energy sec

nd enormous ins met by domes

country: 1) Turkhen completed, rans-Anatolian Ned in 2018. TAN

versity and thusudes expanding production. Take

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

6 45

1 67

0 43

9 56

0 53

n both the energurity. This result

vestment volumstic resources, t

key is currently both reactors aNatural Gas PipNAP, the last sesecurity of Turkits existing hyd

en together, the

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

46

69

45

53

57

gy equity and ts in an overall

mes are requiredthus energy

constructing a are expected to peline (TANAP) ection of the Soukey’s gas impor

droelectric poweese developmen

19,6

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

CBB

C

B

B

score

d to

make

uthern rts; er nts are

618 (II)

1,199)

95 | 95

15.2

3.6

TRILEMM

RANK

63

SCORE

ABD

TRENDS

Ukraisusta

Ukraiand gincludthe B

Furthpotendistric

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

ine improves 2 ainability being t

ine’s energy secgas, to inefficiende the decision

Black Sea shelf)

hermore, there isntial such as bioct heating secto

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 24,2

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

places to rank 6the country’s we

ctor faces greatnt infrastructure to replace Russand develop nu

s a need to streogas and municor to ensure hea

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

31 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

U

0%

D BALANCE

63. The country eakest trilemma

t challenges, froand markets. R

sian gas with Ukuclear power ca

engthen energyipal waste for h

at supply and low

25.4

0.19

100

N.A.

0.73

UKRAIN

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


y performs well ia dimension. It re

om a high depenRecent energy pkrainian coal, in

apacity.

efficiency policieat and power gwer energy bills

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

E

40% 60%

201

k and ore

65

ormance

security 26

equity 59

mental bility

11

e 99

n terms of enereceives a balan

ndence on expepolicy developmncrease oil and g

ies, make full usgeneration, ands.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 65

6 28

9 60

2 111

9 95

gy security, withnce score of ABD

ensive fossil fueents to addressgas production

se of the country lower gas cons

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

63

28

61

108

97

h environmentaD.

el imports such as those challeng(for example, fr

ry’s renewable esumption in the

7,9

Low (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

ABD

A

B

D

l

as oil ges rom

energy

16 (III)

2,578)

95 | 89

12.3

-0.3

TRILEMM

RANK

43

SCORE

BAD

TRENDS

The Uand escore

The Uopposuch energ(30%coord

Diverenergleadinfinan

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

United Arab Emenergy equity die of BAD.

UAE relies signiortunities for ren

as Vision 2021gy (7% and 5%

% demand reducdinate all federa

rsification of thegy nexus in a wng oil producer ces, rationalise

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 18,1

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

UN

ANKINGS AN

OOK

mirates ranks 43imensions, it rec

ificantly on convewable energy , Dubai Plan 20generation cap

ction target by 2al initiatives.

e energy mix, enater-scarce envin the UAE hasfuel consumptio

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

97 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

NITED A

0%

D BALANCE

rd in this year’s ceives a letter g

ventional hydrocand energy effic

021, or Abu Dhaacity in Abu Dh030 in Dubai). T

nergy efficiency vironment, are a scrapped subson and protect n

56.1

0.10

94

N.A.

0.35

ARAB E

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


Index. While thgrade of D in en

carbon resourceciency solutions

abi Vision 2030,habi and Dubai rThe UAE is also

and conservatiall issues policymsidies on petrol anatural resource

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

MIRATE

40% 60%

201

k and ore

45

ormance

security 45

equity 22

mental bility

11

e 27

he country perfovironmental sus

es for electricitys. For example, which include trespectively by 2o working on a c

on as well as a makers need toand diesel fromes and the envir

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

ES

% 80%

14 2015 2

5 42

5 34

2 19

4 114

7 25

orms well in bothstainability. This

y and transport. the UAE has la

the establishme2030) and energcomprehensive

deep understanfocus on in theAugust 2015 to

ronment.

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

43

42

22

113

25

h the energy ses results in a ba

However, thereaunched initiativent of renewablergy efficiency taenergy policy p

nding of the wate coming years. o support state

70,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BAD

B

A

D

curity lance

e are ves e rgets

plan to

ter-The

238 (I)

1,628)

95 | 95

7.7

5.8

TRILEMM

RANK

11

SCORE

AAA

TRENDS

In thisecur

Challdeclinand gnucleUK leelectrrenewsourc

RegaAuthothe sin reladditand r

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

s year’s Index trity, energy equ

lenges in securine, and the plangain public suppear was approveegislation by 202ricity generationwables is showices.

arding energy afority published iector has madeation to energy ion, the conseqrestructuring of

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 740

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

he United Kingduity and environm

ing energy suppns to expand proport. In the poweed by the new g25 (as well as en from coal and ng steady incre

ffordability, policits final review i

e significant progaffordability. Pruences of the Ugovernment de

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

Mtoe

ply composition

neration

UNITE

0%

D BALANCE

dom ranks 11thmental sustaina

ply, however, reoduction of uncer sector, an ag

government in mexisting EU regu

was at a recordease year on yea

cy changes connto the supply agress in reducinroposed regulatUK’s decision topartments are y

21.0

0.05

100

0.27

0.18

ED KING

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


. The country mability well with a

emain. Overall dconventional oil geing nuclear plamid-2016. In addulation driving cld low in the first ar, but does not

ntinue to impact.and acquisition ng emissions antory changes in o leave the EU ayet to be realise

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

GDOM

40% 60%

201

k and ore

9

ormance

security 34

equity 12

mental bility

16

e 12

manages to balaa balance score

omestic producand gas still havant is being decdition, the plannlosure at presenquarter of 2016

t match the dec

. In June 2016, of energy in thend ensuring seclight of the repo

and subsequentd.

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 10

4 38

2 7

6 16

2 13

nce the trade-oe of AAA.

ction of fossil fueve to overcome commissioned, wed closure of alnt) is resulting in6. Electricity genline in generatio

the UK Compete UK and, while urity of supply,

ort are yet to comchanges in gov

DP Group)

gy suppliers

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

11

32

8

15

13

offs between ene

els continues toe technical challewhile planned nll coal plants unn a decline in neration from on from conven

tition and Markeacknowledgingconcerns were me into effect. Ivernment leade

41,

High (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAA

A

A

A

ergy

o enges

new der

tional

ets that raised

In rship

325 (I)

1,260)

95 | 95

8.2

-1.4

TRILEMM

RANK

14

SCORE

AAC

TRENDS

The Uwhere

Due tin recfeet (recovof 1.4over

Impodimeleadinthe U(or no

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

C

S AND OUTLO

United States ime it ranks 4th gl

to advances in cent years. The (tcf) of technicalverable fraction 4 tcf to 4.8 tcf inthe next 10 yea

ortant energy ponsions of energng to the projec

US’s current eneot) of the wind p

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 180,6

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

mproves by 8 plaobally, and ene

horizontal drillinEnergy Informa

lly recoverable nof the original g

n 2020. The signars, and lead to

olicy developmegy sustainability cted closure of mergy production;production tax c

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

609 Mtoe

ply composition

neration

UNIT

0%

D BALANCE

aces to rank 14ergy equity. This

ng and hydraulication Administranatural gas, inclgas-in-place). Pnificant increaseincreased expo

nts in the Unitedinclude: 1) the

more than 200 c 2) possible reg

credit, which can

20.5

0.09

100

0.22

0.35

TED STA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


4. The country’s s results in a ba

c fracturing, shaation (EIA) estimluding 211 tcf oroduction of sha

es in domestic oorts of refined pr

d States that wiEnvironmental

coal plants in thegulations on uncn cut the cost of

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

ATES

40% 60%

201

k and ore

19

ormance

security 14

equity 6

mental bility

82

e 18

strongest trilemlance score of A

ale gas productiomates that the cof proved reserveale gas is expecoil and gas prodroducts and pos

ll impact on theProtection Agene next few yearsconventional gaf developing a w

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

9 22

4 11

6 15

2 80

8 19

mma dimensionsAAC.

on has become ountry has morees (the discovercted to increaseuction will great

ssibly natural ga

country’s balanncy (EPA) reguls, accounting fos production; an

wind project by n

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

Oi

Na

Co

Nu

Hy

Ot

2016 Trend

14

4

13

73

18

s are energy se

e economically ve than 1,744 trnred, economica

e from a 2007 Utly reduce oil im

as.

nce in the three lations on coal or more than 10nd 3) the extensnearly a third.

55,

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

l

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

AAC

A

A

C

curity,

viable n cubic ally S total

mports

% of sion

837 (I)

1,528)

95 | 95

6.2

-1.0

TRILEMM

RANK

27

SCORE

BBA

TRENDS

Urugenvir

The ccarefcogeenergwhichmix. amon

The cbeing(15%energ

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

A

S AND OUTLO

uay maintains itronmental susta

country has no pfully choosing reneration, and bigy mix (up from h 19 were instalIn addition, during other measu

country is evalug explored for na

% of annual GDPgy importer to b

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

n with access to

d electricity price

sity (kCO2 per U

Y PROFILE

l reserves: 0 Mto

ary energy supp

of electricity gen

ANKINGS AN

OOK

ts place at rankainability being a

proven oil, natuenewable energiofuels, it was p37% in 2005). A

lled in the last twng 2015, the cores, contributes

ating the constratural gas and o

P). As a result obeing an energy

DP)

US$)

o electricity (%)

es (US$/kWh)

US$)

oe

ply composition

neration

U

0%

D BALANCE

27 in this year’a particular stren

ral gas or coal rgy sources and tossible, withoutAt the end of 20wo years. This rountry increaseds towards the co

ruction of a regaoil. Between 20f this process, dexporter. More

27.9

0.07

99

N.A.

0.11

RUGUA

20%

SCORE


Energy perfo

Energy s

Energy e

Environmsustaina


s Index. The congth, for a balan

reserves but a htechnologies sut subsidies, to re015, Uruguay harepresents a 15d the use of biomountry’s strong e

asification LNG 10 and 2015 USduring the last twover, since 201

GDP per capita

Diversity of inte

Access to clea

Rate of transm

GHG emission

AY

40% 60%

201

k and ore

27

ormance

security 38

equity 55

mental bility

18

e 44

ountry balances nce score of BB

high availability uch as hydropoweach a 57% shaad 26 wind farm

5% share of windmass waste as energy trilemma

plant and 70% S$7bn has beenwo years, Urugu5 Uruguay did n

a, PPP US$ (GD

ernational energ

n cooking in urb

mission and distr

growth rate 200

% 80%

14 2015 2

7 27

8 29

5 51

8 14

4 45

the trilemma weBA.

of renewable enwer, wind energyare of renewable

ms (857 MW instd energy in the an energy sour

a performance.

of the Uruguayan invested in theuay has moved not have to impo

DP Group)

gy suppliers M

ban | rural areas

ibution losses (%

00−2012 (%)

100%

Co

O

Na

Co

N

Hy

O

2016 Trend

27

40

51

16

44

ell, with

nergy sources. y, biomass e energy in the talled capacity) electricity gene

rce by 30%. This

an offshore areae energy sectorfrom being an ort electricity.

21,2

Medium (HHI =

s (%) 9

%)

oal

il

atural gas

onventional thermal

uclear

ydro

ther renewables

Score

BBA

B

B

A

By

2015 of ration s,

a is r

201 (II)

1,990)

95 | 87

11.0

4.2

TRILEMM

RANK

113

SCORE

ADD

TRENDS

Zimbenergbalan

Over envirenergload implecarboexpeprom

AdditElectdeveenerg

KEY MET

Industrial s

Energy int

Population

Household

CO2 intens

ENERGY

Fossil fuel

Total prim

Diversity o

MA INDEX RA

D

S AND OUTLO

abwe improvesgy security, it rence score of AD

the past few yeronmental footprgy security and shedding in Zim

emented. Moreoon footprint by 3cted to improve

moted, with an in

tional policy devtricity Act to promlopment in the pgy technologies

TRICS

sector (% of GD

tensity (koe per

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138

APPENDIX: INDEX METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION The Energy Trilemma Index assesses 125 countries’ performance across three dimensions

of energy sustainability − energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability −

within a country context. The Index’s quantification provides two results: a country’s overall

ranking and a country’s balance score.

The Index ranking, displayed as a number, summarises a country’s overall energy trilemma

performance and shows its comparative positioning among 93 Council member countries

and an additional 32 countries.58 The balance score, displayed as three letters (e.g., AAD),

demonstrates how well a country is meeting the energy trilemma challenge – balancing the

three dimensions – with ‘A’ being the best and ‘D’ the worst grade.

Together, the Index ranking, balance scores and trend information provide insights into the

key areas that countries can address to further develop a balanced energy profile and

minimise the risks of an unsustainable imbalance.

BACKGROUND TO THE 2016 METHODOLOGY CHANGE The Energy Trilemma Index was first introduced in 2009 and ranked almost 90 countries. In

2013 the Index was expanded to cover additional countries where data could be captured

and the ‘balance score’ was introduced to highlight how well countries manage the trade-

offs between the three energy trilemma dimensions.

In response to the changing energy landscape, the World Energy Council, in partnership

with global management consultancy Oliver Wyman, conducted a review of the Energy

Trilemma Index methodology in 2016. The revised index methodology reflects global

energy sector insights captured through six years of trilemma research, leverages improved

data sets and addresses pressing issues that impact energy sector dynamics.

The 2016 methodology has a broader scope to provide a more inclusive representation of

the energy sector; enables a forward-looking view of energy performance by capturing the

resilience of a country’s energy system and aims to reduce a potential bias to wealthier

countries.

The comprehensive index methodology including the full list of data references is available

from the World Energy Council London Secretariat upon request ([email protected]).

58 The World Energy Trilemma Index report only features country profiles for World Energy Council’s member countries for which sufficient data is available. Results for all 125 countries can be viewed at www.worldenergy.org/data.


139

INDEX STRUCTURE To measure a country’s overall performance, the Index looks at indicators in four areas:

energy security, energy equity, environmental sustainability and country context. For each

area multiple, granular indicator categories capture key aspects of performance. For

example, energy security is evaluated by looking at security of supply and energy delivery

and energy infrastructure resilience. Indicator categories are composed of a set of

indicators. In total there are 35 indicators, which are made up from 71 data points (see

Table 4).

TABLE 4: INDEX STRUCTURE AND WEIGHTING


Dimensions, indicator categories and indicators are assigned respective weights in the

Energy Trilemma Index to signify their relative importance, while balancing scientific

robustness and simplicity (for ease of understanding).

Trilemma dimensions: A major, overarching proposition of the Trilemma Index is

that the three core trilemma dimensions are equally important. Each receives an

equal weight of 30% in the Index.

Indicator categories: They provide an overview of energy challenges and

opportunities facing each country in the index. Indicator categories are weighted

equally to the dimension that they belong to.


140

Individual indicators: Each indicator is assumed to contribute equally to the

indicator category that they belong to; all indicators within an indicator category

receive equal weight.

On the basis of this weighting methodology, there are a similar number of indicators across

the core trilemma dimensions, such that indicators receive a comparable weight as a

reflection of their presumed importance. Slight differences among indicator weightings are

due to the lack of additional data sets or their failure in meeting the indicator selection

criteria.

INDICATOR SELECTION CRITERIA The selection and inclusion of indicators in the index is guided by a set of pragmatic

principles:

Robustness: Indicators are to be taken from reputable sources with the most

current information available. If data for an individual country is missing for the most

recent year, available data from previous years (maximum two years back) can be

considered instead. Where appropriate the average indicator value of a group of

countries sharing similar characteristics with the country with missing data is used

to substitute for the missing information. Such characteristics may include GDP

group, region, and/or other profiles.

Contextual sensitivity: Indicators capture different country situations (for example,

wealth, size) and where appropriate indicators are normalised by GDP (PPP),

GDP (PPP) per capita or other relevant metrics such as electricity consumption.

Relevance: Indicators are chosen or developed to provide insight into country

situations in the context of the Index goals.

Distinctiveness: Each indicator focuses on a different aspect of the issue being

explored, unless reinforcement is required.

Coverage: Individual indicators are required to provide data for 50% of countries

included in the Index. Only countries with data available for at least 75% of all

indicators and 50% per indicator group are included in the Index calculation.59

Comparability: Data to calculate an indicator is derived from as single and

common a unique source as possible, to ensure comparability between countries. 59 Indicators for electricity and gas prices currently experience <50% coverage. In the first year of implementation, a couple of theoretically critical indicators may fall short of the coverage criterion due to the lack of robust data covering a broad set of in-scope countries. As these indicators are theoretically important for a relevant and meaningful Trilemma Index, the World Energy Council is reluctant to exclude these indicators solely on the grounds of low data coverage. As such, the World Energy Council will strive to collect additional data from member countries to complement existing sources and ensure that we can meet the coverage criterion in future years.


141

However, in cases where data accuracy or coverage can be greatly improved,

exceptions can be made if the data sources produce comparable results.

Balance: Indicators within each dimension (and dimensions across the Index)

exhibit coverage of different issues.

CALCULATION OF THE INDEX RESULTS AND THE BALANCE SCORE After data for each indicator is collected and verified, and scores have been calculated for

each indicator, the indicator-level results are standardised using the z-score and then re-

scaled to a range between 0−100. This is to ensure cross-indicator, cross-category and

cross-dimension comparability. With that, indicators can be combined into dimension score,

based on the weights assigned to each indicator.

The balance score grade (A to D) for each dimension score is assigned based on the mean

and standard deviation of each dimension. This approach ensures that the distribution of

grades stay true to that of the underlying scores.

Grade A: Countries with a dimension score >0.75 standard deviation above the

mean dimension score across all in-scope countries

Grade B: Countries with a dimension score of the mean value to 0.75 standard

deviation above the mean across countries

Grade C: Countries with a dimension score of -0.75 standard deviation below the

mean to the mean dimension score across countries

Grade D: Countries with a dimension score ≤-0.75 standard deviation below the

mean dimension score across countries.

CALCULATION OF TRENDS Trends have been calculated taking into account rank changes between years and the

mean standard deviation of a country’s result across all years which is evaluated against

the mean standard deviation of all countries per trilemma dimension.

Upward trend: Countries that improve by 3 or more ranks from 2014 to 2015 and

by 3 or more ranks from 2015 to 2016, if their standard deviation is larger than the

mean standard deviation across all countries.

Downward trend: Countries that fall by 3 or more ranks from 2014 to 2015 and by

3 or more ranks from 2015 to 2016, if the standard deviation of their score is larger

than the mean standard deviation across all countries.


142

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The project team would like to thank the individuals who informed the project’s approach,

supplied information, provided ideas and reviewed drafts. Their support and insight has provided

an invaluable contribution to the development and quality of the Index and this report.

WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL INDEX TASK FORCE – PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS Joan MacNaughton (Executive Chair); Philip Lowe (Vice Chair); Hajime Murata (Honorary Chair)

(Note: organised by countries’ alphabetical order)

William D’haeseleer, Belgium; Boris Gorenstin, Brazil; Lauro Valdir de Souza, Brazil;

Steve Dorey, Canada; Jean-Paul Bouttes, France; Francois Dassa, France; Jean-Michel

Trochet, France; Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer, Germany; Stefan Ulreich, Germany; Daniela Di Rosa,

Italy; Giuseppe Montesano, Italy; Carlo Papa, Italy; Ryuji Matsuhashi, Japan; Nick Wilson, New

Zealand; Anne-Sophie Corbeau, Saudi Arabia; Vincent Micali, South Africa; Matthias Finger,

Switzerland; Aylin Çiğdem Köne, Turkey; Ivano Iannelli, United Arab Emirates; Ghasaq Yousif

Shaheen, United Arab Emirates; Gerald Davis, United Kingdom; Filippo Gaddo, United

Kingdom; Barry Worthington, United States

Einari Kisel (Regional Manager, Europe and Senior Fellow, European Policies, World Energy

Council); Florence Mazzone (Associate Director, Head of Communications, World Energy

Council); Max Muenchmeyer (World Energy Council); Stuart Neil (Senior Director, External

Affairs and Communications, World Energy Council); Karl Rose (Senior Director, Scenarios and

Resources, World Energy Council); Alessandra DeZottis (World Energy Council);

WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL STUDIES COMMITTEE Brian Statham, South Africa (Chair); William D’haeseleer, Belgium; Claudia Cronenbold, Bolivia;

Eduardo Correia, Brazil; Jing Ding, China; Bin Wei, China; Qinhua Xu, China; Yaxiong Zhang,

China; Li Zhu, China; Rauno Rintamaa, Finland; Jean-Paul Bouttes, France; Jeanne Ng, Hong

Kong; B P Rao, India; Nastaran Rahimi, Iran; Alessandro Costa, Italy; Carlo Papa, Italy; Hardiv

Situmeang, Indonesia; Atsushi Noda, Japan; Arturo Vaca, Mexico; Jan Antonczyk, Poland; Ioan

Dan Gheorghiu, Romania; Ayed Qahtani, Saudi Arabia; Maria Sunér Fleming, Sweden

OLIVER WYMAN / MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS Francois Austin (Global Leader, Energy Practice, Oliver Wyman); James Basden (Partner, Oliver

Wyman); Paul Beswick (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Richard Druce (Associate Director, NERA);

Andrew George (Energy and Power Chairman, Marsh); Roxana Gharegozlou (Senior

Consultant, Oliver Wyman); Ana Patricia Giraldo Moreno (Managing Director, Marsh); Bernhard

Hartmann (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Wolfram Hedrich (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Louisa Li

(Principal, Oliver Wyman), Rodolfo Macarrein (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Arun Mani (Partner,

Oliver Wyman); Sandro Melis (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Bob Orr (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Robert

Peterson (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Jane Ren (Senior Director, Oliver Wyman); Saji Sam

(Partner, Oliver Wyman); Veit Schwinkendorf, (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Richard Smith-Bingham

(Director, Global Risk Center, Marsh & McLennan Companies); Carolyn Vo (Technical Lead,


143

Oliver Wyman Labs); Michael Wagner (Partner, Oliver Wyman); Kate Wildman (Manager, Oliver

Wyman); Alex Wittenberg (Executive Director, Global Risk Center, Marsh & McLennan

Companies)

PROJECT TEAM Christoph Frei (Secretary General, World Energy Council); Joan MacNaughton (Executive Chair,

World Energy Council); Brian Statham (Chair, Studies Committee, World Energy Council);

Sandra Winkler (Director Policies, World Energy Council); Upinder Aujla (Principal, Oliver

Wyman)

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Sarojini Davis (Project Manager, Oliver Wyman Labs); Wing Yi Kan (Associate, Oliver Wyman);

Lucy Nottingham (Director, Global Risk Center, Marsh & McLennan Companies); Zoe Valette

(Consultant, Oliver Wyman); Andrea Buser (Manager Trilemma & Issues Monitor, World

Energy Council)


144

OFFICERS OF THE WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL MARIE-JOSÉ NADEAU Chair

YOUNGHOON DAVID KIM Co-chair

MATAR AL NEYADI Vice Chair – Special Responsibility Gulf States/Middle East

NUER BAIKELI Vice Chair – Asia

KLAUS-DIETER BARBKNECHT Vice Chair – Finance

LEONHARD BIRNBAUM Vice Chair – Europe

OLEG BUDARGIN Vice Chair – Responsibility for Regional Development

JOSÉ DA COSTA CARVALHO NETO Chair – Programme Committee

JEAN-MARIE DAUGER Chair – Communications & Strategy Committee

HASAN MURAT MERCAN Vice Chair – 2016 Congress, Istanbul

BONANG MOHALE Vice Chair – Africa

SHIGERU MURAKI Vice Chair – Asia Pacific/South Asia

O.H. (DEAN) OSKVIG Vice Chair – North America

BRIAN A. STATHAM Chair – Studies Committee

JOSÉ ANTONIO VARGAS LLERAS Vice Chair – Latin America/Caribbean

---------------------------------------

CHRISTOPH FREI

Secretary General


145

PATRONS OF THE WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL Accenture Strategy

Bloomberg New Energy Finance

Electricité de France

Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation

ENGIE

GE Power

Hydro-Québec

Korea Electric Power Corp.

Marsh & McLennan Companies

Masdar

Oliver Wyman

PricewaterhouseCoopers

Siemens AG

Swiss Re Corporate Solutions

Tokyo Electric Power Co.

VNG – Verbundnetz Gas AG

World Energy Trilemma Index | 2016 published by the World Energy Council (2016) in

partnership with OLIVER WYMAN.

Copyright © 2016 World Energy Council. All rights reserved. All or part of this publication

may be used or reproduced as long as the following citation is included on each copy or

transmission: ‘Used by permission of the World Energy Council’.www.worldenergy.org

World Energy Council, Company Limited by Guarantee No. 4184478

Registered in England and Wales No. 4184478, VAT Reg. No. GB 123 3802 48

Registered Office 62–64 Cornhill, London EC3V 3NH, United Kingdom

ISBN: 978 0 946121 59 5

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