World Education System- Japanese Education

Dr. Nasir Mahmood, Saiqa Ishrat & Sadiq Merchant

World Education System Japanese

Education


Importance of Education

Plato says: “The direction in which education starts a man will determine his future life.”

Quaid-i-Azam Says: “You must concentrate on gaining knowledge and education. It is your foremost responsibility…….... Education is a matter of life and death for our country.”

Allama Iqbal Says:


Importance of Education

According to 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, Article 37-b

“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period”


Comparative Education

• Comparative education is a fully established academic field of study that examines education in one country (or group of countries) by using data and insights from the practices and situation in another country, or countries.

• Factors of Comparative Education: Geographical, Linguistic, Racial, Economic, Philosophical, Religious, Moral, Humanism

• Goals of Comparative education: – It can deepen our understanding of our own education

and society– It can come as assistance to policymakers and

administrators, and be a valuable component of teacher education.


Ideological FactorJapan/Pakistan

Flag description: White with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center; the land of the rising sun.

Flag description: White crescent and star in the green field are symbols of Islam while white band symbolizes religious minorities).


Geographical factorJapan/Pakistan

Far East Asia377,915 sqkm

South Asia796,096 sqkm


Demographic factor Japan/Pakistan

Population: 127,078,679 Population

density:338/km

Age structure: 0-14 years: 13.5% 15-64 years: 64.3% 65 years plus: 22.2%

Median age: 44.2y

Urban population: 66%

Life expectancy: 82.1y

Population: 176,242,949 Population

density:209/km

Age structure: 0-14 years: 37.2% 15-64 years: 58.6% 65 years plus: 4.2%

Median age: 20.8y

Urban population: 36%

Life expectancy: 64.5y


Racial & Religious Factor Japan/Pakistan

Ethnic groups: Japanese 98.5%,

Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%

Religions: Shintoism 84%, Buddhism 71%, (Some follow both) Christianity 2%, other 8%

Languages: Japanese, etc

Ethnic groups: Punjabi 44.7%,

Pashtun 15.4%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.4%, Muhagir 7.5%, Balochi 3.5%, other 6.3%

Religions: Muslim 95%, other 5% (includes Christian and Hindu)

Languages:Punjabi, Sindhi, Siraiki,

Pashtu, Urdu, Balochi, etc


Economic FactorJapan/Pakistan

GDP: $4911 billion From Agriculture: 1.5%

From Industry: 26.3%

GDP - per capita: $34,100

Labor force (Million): 66.5 Agriculture: 4.4%Industry: 27.9%

Unemployment rate: 4%

Education expenditures: 3.5% of GDP ($172 billion

approx)

Literacy: 99% (male: 99%, female:

99%)

GDP: $164.6 billion From Agriculture: 20.4%

From Industry: 26.6%

GDP - per capita:$2,500

Labor force (Million): 50.6

Agriculture: 43%Industry: 20.3%

Unemployment rate: 13.6%

Education expenditures:2.6% of GDP ($4 billion

approx)

Literacy: 50% (male: 64%, Female:

36%)


Historical Background

Japan/Pakistan1. Imperial System(6th to 16th Century)

2.Edo period (1603AD-1867AD)

3.Militarism (19th to Mid 20th

Century)

4.Post World War II 5.1960 onwards

1.Advent of Islam(8th to 12th century)

2. Moghul period(13th to 18th century)

3.British period (19th to 20th century)

4. Post 1947

5. Present Scenario


Diagram of Education Phases

Japan (6+3+3+4 years)

• Pre School 2-4 y • Elementary 6y• Junior high 3y • High school 3y• University4y

Higher Education at

Universities/Research Institutes

Pakistan (5+5+2+2+2

years)• Pre School 2-4y• Primary 5y • Secondary 5y • Higher Sec. 2y • Deg. College 2y• University2y Higher Education at

Universities/Research Institutes


Education system of Japan


Education system of Pakistan


Administration of educationIn Japan (MEXT) is responsible for educational administration.

Education: Elementary to Higher Education, Lifelong Learning Policy, etc

Culture:Cultural Affairs and International Affairs

Sports:Sports promotion for youth development

Science & Technology:Research Promotion Research & Development

In Pakistan MOE and HEC is responsible for educational administration

MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology


Teacher’s educationJapan/Pakistan

• Most elementary school teachers are trained in four-year undergraduate courses

• All junior school teachers are trained in four-year undergraduate courses

• Higher secondary school teachers are trained postgraduate courses.

• Training of higher education teachers

• There is no certification system for teachers at institutions of higher education.

• Primary Teaching Certificate (P.T.C) for primary school teachers (one year programme).

• Certificate of Teaching (C.T) for middle teachers (one year programme).

• Secondary school teachers are B.Ed Degree. The Master of Education

• Training of higher education teachers is conducted by HEC.

• There is a system of in-service training at all levels of education


The Human Development Index (HDI) is an index used to rank countries by level of "human development", which

usually also implies whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped. It combines measures of

life expectancy, education, and standard of living.


HDI Comparison (Selected Countries)

Country Literacy rate%

R&D Expenditure(% of GDP)

Researchers(per Million)

HDI Rank

Japan 99 3.40 5546 7

USA 99 2.60 4651 8

Germany 99 2.50 3386 21

South Korea 99 3.20 4162 26

Malaysia 91.9 0.70 299 61

China 93.3 1.40 926 81

India 61 0.88 140 126

Pakistan 50 0.20 (2004) 75 134

0.59 (2007) 162


StrengthsJapan/Pakistan

• Disciplined, accountable, committed educational administration

• Student centered teaching learning process

• Curriculum based on real life world issues

• Research based innovative technologically advanced education

• Education based on rich culture and heritage

• Education based on Islamic ideology

• Motivated, creative, energetic, talented and innovative youth

• Youthful Population


Weaknesses Japan/Pakistan

• Highly competitive environment

• Limited number of youth

• Politicized, non-committedadministration

• Non Uniformfragmentededucationsystem


Recommendations• Allocation of enhanced budget for

education department.• Improvement, strengthening and

rehabilitation of all existing educational institutions.

• Strengthening of teaching faculty at all levels of education.

• Introduction of integrated cohesive education system

• Development of research culture at all levels of Education


Questions

• 2 from right side• 2 from left side• Final Question from Dr.Farida

Documents

World Education System- Japanese Education