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World Bank Water Week – 2004
Jerson Kelman
Hydroelectric power accounts for more than 90% of the total
electric energy produced in Brazil
BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC SYSTEM
Vast territorial extension and hydrological variability
• Country Wide Integrated Electric System
• Centralized Energy Dispatch
BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC SYSTEM
INTEGRATED ELECTRIC
SYSTEM Installed Capacity (2000) = 72,299
MW
96 Hydropower plants > 30 MW
57 Regulating reservoirs
Country is interconnected by 70,000
km of high-voltage lines
THE POWER SECTOR REFORM
The reform process started in 1996
Rationale:
– Public sector has no $ to invest
– To promote economical efficiency
Guidelines:
– Private investment and competition in energy generation and retailing
– Transmission and distribution to remain regulated, with provisions for open access
Reforms based on the same principles had worked in countries based on thermal production.
Would it work in a country like Brazil, based on hydro?
THE POWER SECTOR REFORM
SOUTH-SE SystemEnergy Wholesale Market Prices (US$ / MWh)
THE ENERGY CRISIS OF 2001
There was a market failure
• Lula’s Government restored centralized expansion planning for new plants and transmission lines
• Owner of a new hydroelectric plant will get, before construction, a long term contract with a pool of distribution companies (equivalent to an annual “rent”)
• All power plants operate according to rules set by central dispatch
Cost of new energy (US$/MWh)
Hydro 30
Thermal 40
Alternative 50
Amazon Region
CHEBelo Monte
Rio
Xin
gu
Localization
Total Capacity (MW)
Energy (MW méd)
Xingu River(PA)
11.182
4.796
Reservoir Area (km²) 440
Belo Monte
CHE Belo Monte and theNational Interconnected System - SIN
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Concern: The social and environmental impacts caused by large hydroelectric projects implemented in the 70s and 80s. What’s new?
Methodology to screen out, at the river basin scale, sites for construction of hydroelectric power plants which would not be social or environmentally feasible
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The environmental licensing for hydroelectric plants requires preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with Public Hearings, through three phases:
– first license (LP)
– installation license (LI)
– operation license (LO)
Final Remarks
Brazil needs to ensure a sustainable growth of energy supply
Hydroelectricity cannot be spared
The strategy is to select, from the numerous sites technically and economically feasible for hydroelectric power plants, a subset that would cause minimum environmental and social impacts
However, we are not seeking for a subset that would cause no impact