Executive Summary of Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report for the existinglandfill

The Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report addresses the environmental impact ofthe existing landfill, TPA Batulayang, Pontianak. The landfill is located 15 km from cityof Pontianak on a 26.6 hectare of land owned by the government. The landfill isestimated to have received approximately 400,000 tonne of MSW by the end of 2006.

TPA Batulayang start operated in 1996, with area 13 ha. The land acquisition started in1994/1995 for phase 1, with area 5.4 ha. The expansion increases the area becomes 26.6ha. Currently 11 ha has been occupied and the rest is used for buffer zone. TPABatulayang implements a Controlled Landfill Management System.

The Landfill is surrounded by local community divided into two groups, that isBatulayang Village and Siantan Hilir Village. The Batulayang Village (RT 05/04) hasabout 556 residents of which more than 20% works as scavenger, and Siantan HilirVillage (RT 05/15) has about 52 residents of which 80 % works as scavenger. Theiractivities - as scavenger - are collecting waste and selling to waste collector(Bandar/lapak).

TPA Batulayang already has leachate treatment installation, including a leachate pond.The ideal way to collect leachate is by making a impermeable layer compile withleachate collection pipes and through the pipes into the pond. But due to the largeamount of investment needed, the collecting of the leachate is done only by using a ditchor a pit that they dig around the waste cell. Then the leachate will flow into the pondthrough the ditch. More over, the drainage system is not managed well; some spots ofthe drainage are often blocked by the waste especially during the rainy season, theleachate will overflow to the ditches next to the landfill and eventually to the rivernearby, and causing contamination to the river.The monitoring of leachate is conducted simply using Visual Monitoring.

In the report, analysis of the ambient air quality, including noise, and surface andground water quality is already conducted. From sample taken at 7 locations, it isconcluded that ambient air quality and noise at the location is good and meet theregulation. The surface water sample is taken at two location, Musa Ditch (SahangRiver) and Madura Ditch. The analysis from both surface water and from ground water,resulted the water quality - in average - is still meet qualification as Class II, which iscan be used for recreation and fishery.

The central government's Public Works department's Directorate for Human SettlementEnvironmental Sanitation Development has approved a plan for improving drainage andleachate treatment plant rehabilitation in Zone 2 (new cells) and Zone 1, in order tominimize the contamination of leachate to the surrounding water resource. This plan arecurrently ongoing and will increase the quality of water resource, and also communityhealth.

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Executive Summary of Updated Environmental Management Plan for the plannedexpansion of landfill

The Updated Environmental Management Plan addresses the environmental impactdue to the planned expansion of landfill TPA Batulayang, Pontianak. The expansion willincrease the Landfill area from effective area 13 ha becomes effective area 26.6 ha. Theexpansion of Landfill is needed to accommodate the increasing of waste volume ofPontianak. The height of waste will be maintained not to exceed 5 meter. Improvementof the leachate management is also part of the plan.

At the planned expansion of landfill, the waste received from Temporary Disposal Siteusing closed container truck (dump truck, arm roll truck, compactor truck). Unloadingactivity will be conducted in the prepared cell. Excavator is used to move the waste, thenbulldozer will compact and push the waste to make pile. When the compacted pile reach2 meter height, it will be covered by soil and re-compacted. The height will decrease upto 40%, and new waste is piled again. The process is iterated until the pile's height reach5 meter.

The improvement of leachate collection and treatment is also part of the plan. This planwill also include:

* Collection of leachate: arrange collecting pipe at soil layer to collect andtransport the leachate to leachate treatment installation.

* Leachate treatment installation : leachate treatment used to reduce thecontaminant to meet standard before disposed to surrounding water. Theinfrastructure includes facultative pond, sludge drying bed, sedimentation pondand maturation pond.

* Leachate disposal: to dispose leachate from leachate treatment installation tothe water surrounding the TPA area.

There are also some key environmental issues identified both from construction andoperation of the planned expansion landfill. The issues has been addressed and someprevention and mitigation plan has been developed, as follows:

* Noise level;To reduce noise level, the municipality plan to do periodic maintenance ofvehicles, enforce speed limitation of the vehicles and plantation for buffer road.

* Odor;To prevent/reduce odor, the municipality plan to make plantation of Mimosopselengi, Mutingia calabura, Agathis alba for buffer zone, and covering cell withsoil every 1-3 days.

* Surface water and Ground water quality;To minimize the degradation of water quality, the municipality plan to do certainactions such as preventing vegetation cut during land clearing to enter river,plan to improve the leachate treatment by build drainage, control the watercirculation and cleaning sludge periodically.

* Community Health;To minimize the disease caused by TPA activities, the TPA management willendeavor to prevent contamination of water, air and soil; and also help patient ofdisease caused by TPA with medication aid.

It has been verified the the requirement for sanitary landfill has been met for theplanned expansion landfill.

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Executive Summary of Environmental Assessment Report for the landfill gas collectionand flaring facility

The Environmental Assessment Report addresses the environmental impact of landfillgas collection and flaring facility planned to be implemented at TPA Batulayang,Pontianak. The project will utilize an enclosed flare system, in which an insulationsystem reduces heat losses and enables operation at higher temperatures. The enclosedflare system is also known as ground flare.

The basic operational principle is the application of vacuum in the waste mass to extractthe gas. The main components of the active collection system to be installed areCollection System, which will employ a horizontal LFG collection piping system, andLandfill Cell Closure, which is used to limit all methane gas emission and improve gascollection efficiency.

The landfill flaring system will include Leachate Management System to maintain lowlevel of leachate within the gas collection wells; LFG pumping equipment includedpipeline manifold system and blowers; LFG treatment unit which consists of condensateand flare system; monitoring and control system using Distributed Control System(DCS); and generator capacity of 150 kW used to provide electricity requirement of thecollection and flaring facility and provide motive power for community developmentprojects.

The key environmental issues has been identified, which can be divided intoenvironmental impact during construction phase and environmental impact duringoperation phase.

During construction phase, the main environmental impacts is noise, generated fromtransportation and installation activities; and dust generated from transportationactivities. Some environmental impacts expected to occur during the operation phase arethe emission of gasses from flaring including carbon dioxide, water vapor; the risk of fireand explosions, asphyxia, odor, nuisance, noise and heat.

The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) has been developed to identify, organize,elaborate, and adopt measures to prevent, mitigate, remediate, or compensate for theproject related impacts on environment. These measures should ensure the project meetboth national and international regulation.

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Terms of ReferenceEnvironmental Due Diligence for Pontianak LGFProject

1. BackgroundPT Gikoko Kogyo Indonesia (hereafter addressed as "Gikoko") is preparing a CarbonFinance transaction with the World Bank. The project will include the installation of alandfill gas collection system and an enclosed landfill gas flaring system to destroymethane gas that is generated in the City ofPontianak's landfill, TPA Batu Layang.

Pontianak's landfill is located 15 km from the city centre on a 30 hectare parcel of landowned by the city government. The landfill commenced receiving waste in 1996 andduring 1998-99, under the World Bank's Kalimantan Urban Development Program(KUDP) improvements were made to upgrade the landfill to that of a "ControlledLandfill" management system. The landfill is estimated to have received approximately400, 000 tonnes of municipal solid waste by the end of 2006.

Environmental concerns raised by the World Bank during preparation include theconditions and liabilities of the existing landfill as well as the adequacy ofenvironmental management measures for the existing and expanded landfills where thelandfill gas collection and flaring (LGF) system will be installed.

2. ObjectivesThe objectives of this assignment are to assess 6) whether the performance of existinglandfill meets Indonesian environmental requirements and any significantenvironmental issues exist, (b) whether the design and operation ofplanned landfillexpansion meets the requirements of sanitarylandfill and appropriate environmentalmanagement measures are planned, and (c) whether the environmental impactsassociated with the proposed LGFsystem are adequatelyidentified and managed.

3. Tasks3.1 Produce an Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report for the existing landfill that

will include:a. General description of the existinglandfill siteincluding;sitelocation;location

and quality ofreceiving water bodies (i.e ground and surface waters);agricultural and other economic activities around the site; nearby communitiesand other environmentally sensitive receptors.

Pontianak City is the capital of West Kalimantan province. Geographically it is locatedon 00002'24" north latitude - 00001'37" south latitude and 109o16'25" - 109o23'04". It has107.82 square kilometers area. The Pontianak landfill, TPA Batu Layang, is located 15km from the city centre on a 26.6 hectare parcel of land (currently) owned by thegovernment. The landfill is estimated to have received approximately 400,000 tonne ofMSW by the end of 2006.

The Landfill area is surrounded by agricultural land owned by community. They plantvegetables and fruits, such as banana, pineapple, cassava, coffee, etc. Some area are alsocovered by bushes and paku-pakuan. The community also benefiting from Landfill bycollecting recycle waste, such as paper, bottle, can, glass, etc. They collect the waste andsell to waste collector.

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Figure 1. Landfill Location

hidonesia Ia

Kora Poii TPA Batu Layang

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The surface water near Landfill are Musa Ditch (Sahang River) at East of Landfill andMadura Ditch at west of Landfill. The water meets quality of Class II Standard, meanscan be used for recreation and fishery.

There are two RTs from two Villages near Landfill, that is Batulayang Village andSiantan Hilir Village. The Batulayang Village (RT 05/04) has about 556 residents ofwhich more than 20% works as scavenger, and Siantan Hilir Village (RT 05/15) hasabout 52 residents of which 80 % works as scavenger.

b. Description of site design and operation including;landfill design anddimensions; history of use; waste transportation and placement procedure;composition of receiving waste; quality of leacha te and how it flows; existence ofpest and vectors; existence of scavengers and their activities.

TPA Batulayang currently has effective area 13 ha. The site is displayed in Figure 2.

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Figure 2. Landfill design and dimension

Drolnum Drtch 15 mtr ArDca Road 6 mkrStreet Shoilder I mtr llping Area 3 mtr

Conerets RDad Cancr i Rolad

sBO

\et Wi dR BUFFER ZONE

t' - - { Il \. \\ \! | 1 tX Vj .\\ u.-cr. r Rad|

7 \,jtr Channel; o.,cefil AH c CEncetai wRoad \.1

'l l'. I \\\- \tFC T,b ',\ I

'1 n'pa ,T,u, "r - 'o F 4r,.d I

- -3.1 j LU BOd\\ l

: i w e a.n wt l A. Qa Tm n\\

| ----) \ - ,Waer Channel

C ar."Ie Roana Red, , T.3-

BUFFER ZONE

ADGOE R1lAD TC TPA

TPA Batulayang start operated in 1996, with area 13 ha. The land acquisition started in1994/1995 for phase 1, with area 5.4 ha. The expansion increases the area becomes 26.6ha. Currently 11 ha has been occupied and the rest is used for buffer zone. TPABatulayang implements a Controlled Landfill Management System.

The expansion of Landfill is needed to accommodate the increasing of waste volume ofPontianak city. The height of waste at landfill will be maintained not to exceed 5 meter.There is also a plan to improve leachate management.

The waste transported from Temporary Disposal Site using fleet consist of dump truck(26 units), arm roll truck (9 units) or compactor (1 unit). The service capacity is onlyabout 70 %.

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Figure 3. Composition of waste received

Waste Composition of Pontianak0.2% 5.0%

2 104 -20%

- 15%

1% *Paper= 5%

- 0.1% * Glass = 2.P/o

/P lastic = 6%

O M etal = 2%

*Wood = 15%

3 Cloth = 0.'1/

* Rubber= 0.1PO

O Organic = 83%

* Other = 0.2%

TPA Batu Layang has a leachate pond. The ideal way to collect leachate is by making aimpermeable layer compile with leachate collection pipes and through the pipes into thepond. Due to the large amount of investment needed, the collecting of the leachate isdone only by using a ditch or a pit that they dig around the waste cell. Then the leachatewill flow into the pond through the ditch. Monitoring which is done by the workers atTPA Batu Layang is simply by using Visual Monitoring. It means that they monitoredthe leachate only with their eyes, there is no any special equipment used.

The drainage system is not managed well; some spots of the drainage are often blockedby the waste especially during the rainy season, the leachate will overflow to the ditchesnext to the landfill and eventually to the river nearby, and causing contamination to theriver. Eventually, people will suffer of this contaminated water especially when they useit for bathing. The characteristic of leachate from current Landfill is described in Table1.

Table 1. Characteristic of Leachate TPA Batulayang (Oxyde - Metal)

No Parameter Unit Result No Parameter Unit ResultI Nattium 'Nal mg. L 153 22 17 Chi,.m 'Cr.' ng L o 1362 Kalium (K) mg/L 27.86 18 Molybdenum (Mo) mg/L 0.0933 Calcium (Ca) mglL 153.22 19 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.0014 Magnesium (Mg) mg/L 95.64 20 Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.0015 Chlorida (Cl) mg/L 1295 21 Vanadium (Va) mg/L 0.1716 Barium (Ba) mg/L 0.114 22 Sulfat (SO4) mg/L 284.457 Stanum (Sn) mg/L 0.129 23 SiO2 0.0118 Lithium (Li) mgL 0.950 24 pH 7.359 Boron (B) mg/L 0.750 25 DHL ms/cm 3.6910 Mangan (Mn) mg/L 0.259 26 Temperature °C 27.311 Ferrum (Fe) mg/L 8.792 27 DO - 0.2512 Aluminum (A) mg/L 4.61 28 NH4 - N mg/L 77.9813 Cobalt (Co) mg/L <0.001 29 N02 - N mg[L 2.8814 Nickel (Ni) mg/L 0.111 30 N03 N mg/L 475.3115 Copper (Cu) mg/L 0.083 31 COD mgJL 17.00016 Zinc (Zn) mg/L 0.307 32 Total Phospat mg/L 25.73

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There are some pest and vectors in Landfill area, including flies, ants, cocroaches,mosquitos, rats. The more waste produced, the more pest population will grow. Thesevectors cause some diseases, such as diarrhea and typhus

The scavengers work at landfill can be divided into two groups, one from BatulayangVillage and the other from Siantan Hilir Village. Their activities are collecting wasteand selling to waste collector (Bandar/lapak). Every day the waste collector come toweight the plastic waste and every week they come for collecting the iron. For specialcondition the waste collector come in the end of month.

c. Identification of key environmental issues including water pollution, dust andodor, health and safety conditions. This part should include measured data onwater pollution due to leachate (includinggroundwater qualityif existingsampling wells are available).

The environmental issues including water pollution, and air quality has been addressed,and there are some samples taken, as shown in Table 2 - Table 4.

The sample for measuring air quality is taken at 7 locations:* At the area of expansion of Landfill (1 location), east of Landfill (1 location) and

west of Landfill (1 location)* At empty area, used for agricultural by local community (2 locations)* At the village near Landfill (2 locations)

Table 2. Ambient Air Quality at TPA Batu Layang

No Parameter Duration Unit Standar -SaWe Location 6_ 7-d 2 3 4 B 6 7

1 SO2 2) 1 hour jig/Nm 900 <88.4 190 158 1.516 <138 1.419 601

2 CO 1 hour pg/Nm 30000 257 <44.8 <44.5 176 126 <45.6 2.958

3 NO2 2) 1 hour jig/Nm 400 <24.3 43.3 198 151 <28.4 207 6003

4 Oxydant (03) 1 hour pg/Nm 235 20.1 29.1 22.8 15.2 16.0 29.5 12.9

5 PMio 24 hours ig/Nm 150 17.0 4.0 4.0 37.0 11.0 17.0 38.0(Particle <10

6 Dust (TSP) 24 hours jig/Nm 230 62.4 53.9 75.6 162 194 269 462

7 Pb 24 hours jig/Nm 2 0.053 0.010 0.008 0.069 0.071 0.076 0.0413

8 Fluoride (as 24 hours jig/Nm 3 <0.06 <0.04 <0.04 <0.07 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04F ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9 Cl & C120 24 hours ig/Nm 150 <16.4 45.4 106 45.4 <24.5 <24.3 <12.33

10 Noise Level 3) 24 hours dB (A) 60 75.0 ± 46.67 49.19 66.17 46.79 57.64 70.740.0 ± 1.04 ± 0.58 ± 1.15 ± 1.39 ± 0.58 ± 6.70

Note:1) Based on Government Regulation No. 41 Year 19992) Has been accredited by KAN3) Noise level based on Kep-48/MENLH/11/1996 for Public Fasility is 60 dB(A)

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The quality of surface water is analyzed at two locations, Madura Ditch andMusa/Sahang Ditch. Sample is taken using "grab sampling" for measurring pH,temperature and "composit sampling".

Table 3. Surface Water Quality

No Parameter uit ra Quaty Sample at Madura Ditcb Sample at Musa DitchI II 1 2. 3 1 2 3

1 Temperatu °C + 3 ± 3 28.3 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.3 28.4re *-)

2 Solved mg/L 1000 1000 23.6 39.4 40.5 24.8 33.8 29.3residue(TDS) *)

3 Suspended mg/L 50 50 2.0 1.30 1.0 3.0 2.0 4.0residue(TSS)__ _ _

4 Color *) Pt-Co () (-) 285 399 326 224 282 3365 Turbidity NTU (-) (-) 0.50 0.76 1.18 0.54 1.74 1.32

..)6 pH - 6 - 9 6 - 9 3.82 3.82 3.65 3.76 4.44 4.587 BOD mg/L 2 3 6.53 11.6 12.6 5.25 18.0 15.58 COD mg/L 10 25 99.2 174 118 87.6 126 1269 DO *) mg/L 6 4 5.46 5.71 5.41 5.55 4.82 5.4410 Fosfat as P mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.146 1.90 1.67 0.02 1.99 2.2611 Nitrat as mg/L 10 10 1.28 1.38 0.46 0.83 1.42 1.39

NOr-N12 Nitrit as mg[L 0.06 0.06 0.093 0.103 0.119 0.129 0.082 0.17

N02-N _13 NH3 - N mg/L 0.5 (-) 0.32 0.84 0.37 0.28 1.39 <0.0214 Fe mg/L 0.3 (-) 0.091 0.193 0.647 0.093 0.259 0.34315 Mn mg/L 0.1 (-) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.022 0.03216 Zn mgfL 0.05 0.05 0.016 0.006 0.020 0.022 0.017 0.01317 Cu mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.00118 Cd mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.00219 Pb mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.005 0.003 0.004 <0.002 0.002 0.00420 As mg/L 0.05 1 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.000521 Hg mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.000222 Cr+6 mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.070 0.073 0.10 0.052 0.05 0.06523 Cl mg/L 600 600 7.32 12.4 11.0 11.7 14.1 15.124 CN mg/L 0.2 0.2 <0.002 0.002 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 <0.00225 F ") mg/L 0.5 1.5 0.30 0.62 0.35 0.32 0.45 0.5726 Cl mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.51 0.40 0.20 0.34 0.3727 S0 4 mg/L 400 (-) 31.9 50.6 40.4 25.9 35.0 38.928 H2S ) mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.018 0.036 0.029 0.015 0.027 0.03029 Oil and fat mg/L 1 1 0.36 0.42 0.39 0.47 0.46 0.4130 Detergent mg/L 0.2 0.2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

as MBAS31 Fenol mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.01 0.002 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.00132 Fecal Jml/l 100 1000 11 14 900 7 240 130

Coliform I) OOmL33 Total Jml/l 1000 5000 11 70 900 7 240 130

Coliform *-) 00mL

Note:*) Analysis based on PP No.82/2001 Water Quality Management and Control ofWater Contamination**) Not accredited by KAN- Class I :Water for drinking- Class II: Water for recreation and fishery

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Table 4. Ground Water Quality (Sampling Well)

No Parameter Unit Water Quai iiy Class I Sat Xplei[f 1 2

1 Temperature * °C + 3 ± 3 28.9 29.02 Solved residue (TDS) *) mg/L 1000 1000 52.9 58.63 Suspended residue (TSS) mg/L 50 50 2.35 40.04 Color *') Pt-Co (-) (-) 316 33.05 Turbidity * NTU () () 5.15 87.46 pH 6 - 9 6 - 9 5.19 3.547 BOD mg/L 2 3 17.5 7.858 COD mg/L 10 25 119 67.89 DO '-) mg/L 6 4 4.80 5.87

10 Fosfat as P mg/L 0.2 0.2 4.40 2.7311 Nitrat as NO3-N mg/L 10 10 1.29 0.3312 Nitrit as N0 2-N mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.060 0.01413 NH3 - N mg/L 0.5 (-) 2.63 1.9914 Fe mg/L 0.3 () 0.481 6.2815 Mn mg/L 0.1 (-) 0.012 0.34016 Zn mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.028 0.22717 Cu mg/L 0.02 0.02 <0.001 <0.00118 Cd mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.003 0.00419 Pb mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.006 0.00520 As mg/L 0.05 1 <0.0005 0.000521 Hg mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.0002 0.000422 Cr+6 mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.05523 Cl meL 600 600 18.2 18.424 CN mg/L 0.2 0.2 <0.002 <0.00225 F I mg/L 0.5 1.5 0.36 0.3126 Cl - mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.2127 S0 4 mg/L 400 (-) 32.2 10728 H2S * mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.025 0.01029 Oil and fat mg/L 1 1 0.39 0.5230 Detergent as MBAS mgfL 0.2 0.2 0.007 0.01231 Fenol mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.00132 Fecal Coliform * Jml/lOOmL 100 1000 1600 90033 Total Coliform - Jml/lOOmL 1000 5000 1600 900

Note:*) Analysis based on PP No.82/2001 Water Quality Management and Control ofWater Contamination**) Not accredited by KAN- Class I :Water for drinking- Class II: Water for recreation and fishery

The community health of the local community is greatly affected by air and waterquality. The activities during construction and operation of the expanded landfillgenerate dust, gas concentration and noise, which influence the disease pattern. Thecontaminant in the surface water and ground water also may cause diseases, such asdiarrhea.

d. Assessment of environmental impact including water pollution due to leachate,dust and odor, health and safety conditions of scavengers based on theinformation above. Local environmental requirements should be used to assessthe impacts.

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Based on study and sample taken as described above, the air quality and noise at thelocation is good and meet the regulation.

The water quality doesn't meet qualification as class I (can be used for drinking andcooking). But because the community only use the water for bathing and cleaning(MCK), the water quality is good and meet qualification for that purpose.

The disease pattern of local community is monitored periodically, and beside themedication aid to the local community, the preventive action is more prioritized byeliminating the source of disease.

Most occupational health and injury problems could be minimized by simple safetyprocedures that cost little; and most environmental impacts could be minimized byclosing open dumps and implementing sanitary landfills. Most importantly, workersneed to wear protective gear, particularly gloves and face masks. Disposal sites needdaily cover and proper control of contaminated leachate. Waste pickers need to bemanaged; children and domestic animals should not be working on disposal sites. Byrearranging the disposal layout, implementing modest sorting facilities, and allowingonly registered adults, the waste pickers could have improved access to recyclables anddecreased health risk. Provision of water supply for washing, sanitation, and hygieneeducation are also highly recommended for waste pickers.

e. Mitigation measures and action plan including existing and additionally plannedmitigation measures to address identified key environmental issues, institutionalarrangements, monitoringplan, schedule and costs.

The central government's Public Works department's Directorate for Human SettlementEnvironmental Sanitation Development has approved a plan for improving drainage andleachate treatment plant rehabilitation in Zone 2 (new cells) and Zone 1. Each zone willinclude 4 cells. The budget allocated that work is estimated Five Billion Rupiahs or USD550,000 (five hundred and fifty thousand) for the year 2007 and implementation plansare currently ongoing and under process for immediate use.

The Public Works department was the implementation agency for the World Bank'sKalimantan Urban Development Program (KUDP) and they support Pontinak City'seffort implement CDM project at the landfill.

3.2 Produce an Updated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the plannedexpansion of landfilla. Description of site design and operation for the planned expansion of landfill

including; landfill design and dimensions;procedures for waste transportation;placement, compaction and cover; leachate collection and treatment; control planof scavengers and their activities.

The expansion will increase the Landfill area from effective area 13 ha becomes effectivearea 26.6 ha. The expansion of Landfill is needed to accommodate the increasing ofwaste volume of Pontianak. The height of waste will be maintained not to exceed 5meter. Improvement of the leachate management is also part of the plan.

I1

The waste is transported from Temporary Disposal Site using dump truck tipper(capacity 6 m3), arm roll truck with closed container (capacity 6 m3) or compactor truck(capacity 6m3). Before enter Landfill, staff will record vehicle identity, date and timearrival, waste weight, source and type of waste.

Unloading activity will be conducted in the prepared cell. Excavator is used to move thewaste, then bulldozer will compact and push the waste to make pile. When thecompacted pile reach 2 meter height, it will be covered by soil and re-compacted. Theheight will decrease up to 40%, and new waste is piled again. The process is iterateduntil the pile's height reach 5 meter.

The leachate collection and treatment will include* Collection of leachate: arrange collecting pipe at soil layer to collect and transport

the leachate to leachate treatment installation. Debit of leachate is influenced byrain and area of dumping.

. Leachate treatment installation : leachate treatment used to reduce thecontaminant to meet standard before disposed to surrounding water. Theinfrastructure includes facultative pond, sludge drying bed, sedimentation pondand maturation pond.

* Leachate disposal : to dispose leachate from leachate treatment installation tothe water surrounding the TPA area.

Figure 4. Landfill Design and Dimension

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Local government currently does not have plants nor budgets to increase scavenger'sincome and welfare in the landfill, but officials have stated that they would wish to;

* To provide suitable facilities so the scavenger child can play in a decent place andnot in the landfill.

* To provide opportunities for families to improve their livelihood so that theirchildren no longer have to work as scavengers in order to find supplementraryincome for the parents

* To provide local scavengers opportunity to improve their livelihood by providingmore efficient tools for gathering and processing the useable and recycle wastematerial (e.g. paper, can, glass, plastics, used tires, etc.)

b. Review of EIA report for the planned expansion of landfill and identification ofkey environmental issues. It should be verified if environmental requirementsfor sanitary landfill ha ve been met (local requirements have to be met atminimum). Comparison of local requirements with the Bank guideline will alsobe conducted to see if there are significant gaps in requirements for sanitarylandfills.

Identification of key environmental issues has been conducted, and has been addressedas follows:

* Noise level;To reduce noise level, the municipality plan to do periodic maintenance ofvehicles, enforce speed limitation of the vehicles and plantation for buffer road.

* Odor;To prevent/reduce odor, the municipality plan to make plantation ofMimosops elengi, Mutingia calabura, Agathis alba for buffer zone, and coveringcell with soil every 1-3 days.

* Surface water and Ground water quality;To minimize the degradation of water quality, the municipality plan to do certainactions such as preventing vegetation cut during land clearing to enter river,plan to improve the leachate treatment by build drainage, control the watercirculation and cleaning sludge periodically.

* Community Health;In order to minimize the disease caused by TPA activities, the TPA managementwill endeavor to prevent contamination of water, air and soil; and also helppatient of disease caused by TPA with medication aid.

It has been verified the the requirement for sanitary landfill has been met for theplanned expansion landfill.

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c. Updated EMP including mitigation measures to address identified keyenvironmental issues, institutional arrangements, monitoringplan, schedule andcosts. This updated EMP will be developed by supplementing the EMPin theEI report, which will include the additional mitigation measures proposed bythe city government in February 2007.

The EMP for expansion of TPA is summarized as in Table 5, along with the responsibleentity as listed below.(1) Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Pontianak (Municipality of Pontianak);

Table 5. Matrix of Environmental Management Plan

Expected ResponsiFactor Parameter Prevention & Mitigation Implementation ble

Period and Cost Entity.nmbiint Air PP N.:) 11 Year 1999 Periodic rmainenanc,.fi -ehiclkt During TPA hletime 'I.Quality and and Kepmen LH No. Speed limitation of vehicles During TPA lifetimeNoise Level Kep-48 Plantation for road buffer During construction

MENLH/II/1996 phaseSurface PP No.82 Year 2001 Collecting waste from vegetation to During land clearing (1)Water and prevent entering riverGroundwater Build drainage During constructionQuality phase

Control water circulation and As necessary,celaning sludge periodically periodically

Odor Kepmen LH No. Kep- Plantation (Mimosops elengi, During construction (1)50 MENLH/II/1996 Mutingia calabura, Agathis alba) phase

for buffer areaCovering cell with soil every 1-3 During TPA lifetimedays

Community Incidency and Prevent contamination of water, air During TPA lifetime (1)Health prevalency number and soil

Help the patient of disease caused During TPA lifetimeby TPA management withmedication aid.

Monitoring Plan is summarized as in Table 6

Table 6. Matrix of Monitoring Plan

Expected ReeponsiFactor Parameter Method Implementation ble

Period Entity.Ambi.n .Air PP NM,41 \Eer 149f9 NI,:nitcring air quwlity in certain Ever3 3mu,nths '.)Quality and and Kepmen LH No. locations with method as describedNoise Level Kep-48 in PP No.41 Yr 1999 and Kep-48

MENLH/II/1996 MENLH/Il/1996Surface PP No.82 Year 2001 Sampling water with method as Every 3 months (1)Water and described in Kepmen LH No.37 YrGroundwater 2003Quality Lab analysis follow PP No.82 Yr

2001Odor Kepmen LH No. Kep- Sampling and analysis method Every 3 months (1)

50 MENLH/Il/1996 follow Kepmen LH No Kep-50MENLH/II/1996

Community Incidency and Observation on disease pattern at Every 3 months (1)Health prevalency number Puskesmas Batu Layang

14

3.3 Produce an Environmental Assessment Report for the landfill gas collection andflaring facilitya. Description of system design and operation for the planned landfill gas collection

and flaring facility.

The CDM project shall utilize an enclosed flare system, in which an insulation systemreduces heat losses and enables operation at higher temperatures. The enclosed flaresystem is also known as ground flare.

The basic operational principle is the application of vacuum in the waste mass to extractthe gas. The main components of the active collection system to be installed are asfollows;

* Collection System. This project will employ a horizontal LFG collection pipingsystem. The design of this system will employ dropouts within the collectionsystems to reduce the impacts of excessive leachate and condensation on theextraction system.

* Landfill Cell Closure. The technique to be used for cell closure to improve LFGefficiency, rainfall infiltration and leachate discharge is that of an entombed Cell.This form of closure is recommended for all landfills in western countries so as tolimit all methane gas emission and improve gas collection efficiency.

The cells are capped with a synthetic liner which is then covered with a 300mmvegetation layer (growing medium). Infiltration of rainfall is minimal which reducesleachate levels in the cells and LFG capture is maximized due to the liner prohibitingLFG surface emissions. As this technique reduces internal moisture content of the cells,moisture content levels of the cells will be monitored and a leachate recycling systemwill be employed.

* Leachate Management System will be installed to maintain low levels of leachatewithin the gas collection wells so to improve LFG recovery efficiency. This systemwill include the recycling of leachate within the landfill.

* LFG pumping equipment will include pipeline manifold system and blowers. Theblowers to be installed will be single-stage centrifugal type. A pipeline willconvey the LFG from the well system to the LFG treatment unit.

* LFG treatment unit will consist of condensate and flare systems. A knockoutvessel will be used to remove gas condensate. An Enclosed Flare, which meetsthe UK EPA guidance on Landfill Gas Flaring or similar standards, will beinstalled to burn the LFG in a controlled environment so as to maximize thedestruction of methane and other harmful constituents before discharging themsafely to the atmosphere.

* Monitoring and control systems conducted using Distributed Control System(DCS) which will allow for continuous performance monitoring, systems control,error logging, analysis and reporting.

15

* LFG Generator, 150 kW output capacity, is planned to be installed to produce allthe onsite electricity requirements of the collection and flaring facility andprovide motive power for community development projects.

Figure 5. Layout of Collection Piping and Flaring System

3517 NDIE hn 17 1 FE 11. f17 HWE150-0 SDR7 HIPE CO.N TM RM 0 16 RI RFEF IL 5FlER WE (M. 1 fl3 1W) (Uk 3% =O) MCElUM p PJ(TE

X OQ e 1QXO I MtO , 10000 - 100Q 100QQ . 1QQO 10v 0\

// /; 2 i 4 MN 6 rR

/ n \ o Concrete Road

FLARING SYSTEM

X 0 j nrT ll | Asphalt Plar

'I

\ BUFFER ZONE

v\

B x s

16

Figure 6. Cross Section of Landfill

1016Omm! SDRt7 HDPE

HEADER PIPE(MIN. 3X SLOPE\ TOP COVER SYSTEN

8 SEE DETAIL A

6n

Li

JDIlmm NON-PERFORATED Ilmnn PERFORATED0 .SDR17 HDPE VERTICAL SDR17 HOPEGAS RISER PIPES (TYP.) HORIZONTAL GAS

-2

-40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 90 90 100 110

DISTANCE (MTR)

Figure 7. Side Slope Cover System

TOP COVER SYST1>SEE OETAJL

505 141L PVC UNER

EXPOSED O MIL PVC UNER(NO COVER SOL)

| ll-.--CAPPED O,Jm LONG. SOH 40I r SOm DIAMETER PVC

PRESSURE-RELEASE f1TTNGt'CyhNECTED 10 PVC UNERBul hC.I PEhETnRAnNo THEUNIERLYNG WASTE)

17

Figure 8. Top Cover System (Detail A) (CONFIDENTIAL)

g-T1 iCOISII=III=III=II F= lClj I- l

II lt{UELF COMPOST MOD UULCH)lL1SIfl 1 -1

-0.1 kg PER mr GEOtEXTILE * 1 , I I I , A I *-

.- ' -lSOmm TTR, CqIsP DRASIJAGE LAYER,'101 kg PER mn2 GEOTEXTILE

. P75m COVER SOIL, COMPOST50 MIL PVC UNER i ONLY. NO SHARP FRAGMENTS

=S m 1 wow POrEFB WASTC SE NOTE--- t- - - -- - - NOTE. EFB WASTE MUST BE

r-. - fN.E..'H.E.DDE. fNLYSHED O ATH NO-. 4- - 51¢ . . SHARP GFRAGMENTS THAT

sWASTtE - . MIGHT PUNCTURE THE PVCJ- i'1 '-..:s'4 $ t,fc>. * t4v;Ž% .$ lUNER. IF UNCERTAIN ABOUiT7." # ~POM WASTE, PLACE A 7!5mm

* r4/':4f *yZt + . s TH- THICK COMPOST LAYER ABOVETHE SHREDOED EFB.

*OR LOCALLY PROOUCED 1000 IdIL COCONUT FIBER MAT

Figure 9. Flaring System Flowchart

Amount of electricity andlorother energy for project

Amount Methane Pressure Temperature Amountof LFG Ifraction of LFGof I fra n o I ISmall scale electricity

generated for project activityQuantity of

LFG co mbuste d in power pl ant electricity

LEGcaptured -generated

LFFG captw dAmount

Operation

*-- - ------ --- ----- --- ----- -- --- ---- -- --- ---------- -------- ------ -------- ----------- --- - ---- -------- ---- !

*Note I Measurement Item

18

Figure 10. Plan View of Flaring System

.~ l. ,U~

N

r. . . .. . . . .. .x -------

AA

Figure 11. Side View of Flaring System

- - -- -- --- UI

19

Mg. .F-M ,

W *. anip FN M low!

-4IfMW I=S

L1-.9

b. Identification of keyenvironmentalissuesincludingemissions, noise, dust, odorand occupational health issues during construction, and air pollution, fire safetyand other issues during operation.

The proposed project involves mainly flaring activities, in which the major contaminantsand pollutants are emissions from combustion during flaring. Effluent and other solidwastes from project activities will not have significant impact.

During the construction phase, the environmental impacts include:* Noise, generated from transportation and installation activities; and* Dust, generated from transportation activities.

These impacts will affect communities living in and near the project site. Noise can beminimized by proper design and use of a noise silencer. Dust can be minimized by usingdust suppressant techniques, e.g. water spraying.

Table 7. Gas Emission Generated from the Flaring of the Landfill Gas

Emission Emission SourceCarbon Dioxide (GO2) Combustion products of methane and other carbon compoundsWater Vapor (H20) Combustion products of methane and other carbon compoundsCarbon Monoxide (CO2) Product of incomplete combustionHydrogen (H2) Product of incomplete combustionNitrogen Oxide (NO.) Combustion products, nitrogen in fuel or secondary formation in fuelMethane (CH4) Un-burnt fuel gas (indicating incomplete combustion)Source: Guidance for Monitoring Enclosed Landfill Gas Flares, SEPA, 2004

Some environmental impacts are expected to occur during the operation phase, due tothe emission of gases from flaring as a result of the combustion of methane generated inthe landfill. These gases and their sources are noted in Table 1 above. Carbon dioxide(CO2) and water vapor (H20) are the primary gaseous emissions from the flaring. Inaddition, there will be emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOJ as a product of combustion.Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (112) and methane (CH 4) may occur due toincomplete combustion during flaring. There is no regulation for C02 emissions. Theother emissions, i.e. NOx, CO, CH 4 and H2 may have some impacts on the ambient airquality and safety of the population nearby due to fire hazards. A comparison of relevantemission standards is given in Table 8.

Other environmental impacts include risks of fire and explosions; asphyxia, odornuisance, noise, heat, and opacity. There will be potential impacts on local communitiesin terms of health and safety risks. The notable environmental, health and safetyimpacts of the flaring of LFG during the project operation phase are summarized inTable 9, along with the applicable national and international standards.

The emission of gases from the flares will have an impact on ambient air quality, and onthe health of workers and people who live near the proposed project site. It isrecommended that a detailed dispersion analysis be conducted to determine the ambientair quality impacts using the design conditions of the flare and the local meteorologicalconditions. Every attempt should be made to ensure that the plume from the flare is notallowed to pass directly over human habitation under prevailing wind conditions. This is

20

I

particularly important because scavenger communities are located directly within thelandfill boundaries.

In addition to impacts to ambient air quality and resulting risks to human health in theproject site area, there are potential physical impacts of the proposed project activities.These are noted below, with a description of the receiving environment, impactedreceptors, and potential mitigating actions to reduce or avoid impacts:

Fire and ExplosionThe flares will burn relatively large amounts of fuel gas, which poses a risk of fire andexplosion, leading to emissions of and exposure to CH4 and/or H2. This presents apotential health and safety risk to workers at the site, as well as communities livingclose to the proposed project site. The following actions should be considered to reducepotential risk and impact from fire and explosion at the project site:* Standard fire prevention devices should be made available at the project site;* The flare should be located with consideration of safety aspects, i.e. not locating the

flare within enclosed spaces (e.g. within buildings) or near to the trees or otherstructures that could ignite at high temperatures. The gas dispersion modelingshould be used to assess the safety of the location of the flare;

* Access to emergency services for both workers and surrounding communities shouldbe made available in the case of fire or explosion.

AsphyxiaSince an enclosed flare system is proposed for this project, there is a potential risk ofasphyxia at the project location, impacting mostly workers at the project site. Theenclosed flare system is used to prevent nuisance from noise and to offer protection fromthe weather and prevent unauthorized human access. However, the landfill gas is anasphyxiant, so adequate ventilation or systematic safeguards must be used. It is alsoadvisable to avoid locating the flares in hollows, or other such locations where ventinggases may collect.

Odor NuisanceSome models of an open flare system have a large amount of unburned gases passingstraight through a flame, causing odor problems. Such odors are generally caused bytrace components of the landfill gas, which nevertheless exceed their associated low-odorthreshold values. This often results in the general public making complaints to thelandfill operators.

The proposed project will use an enclosed flare system, so the impacts of odor will bereduced onsite.

Noise PollutionThe flare can be very noisy due to operation of mechanical equipment and from thecombustion itself. The noise pollution has a potential impact on workers at the projectsite, as well as on the people living near the project site. To reduce the impact of noisepollution on these receptors, the flare should be located away from buildings. If this isnot possible, it is necessary to employ extensive sound attenuation measures, includingthe construction of brick buildings around the flares with sound mufflers on theventilation ports.

21

Under rare conditions, the low-frequency vibration generated from the turbulence withinenclosed flares can cause resonance in nearby structures such as buildings and vehicles,causing nausea and headaches. This effect could be avoided by locating the flare at agreat enough distance from such structures.

HeatScavenger communities nearby the project site may be exposed to the heat from theflare, depending on the physical design and location of the flare. The source of heatwithin the flare is as follows:* Radiative heat from the flame. This only occurs when the flare is operating above its

design point;* The heat through the walls of a combustion chamber, where the combustion chamber

has inadequate insulation, the outside surface temperature may be excessive, posinga problem.

The impact of heat from flaring can be mitigated by proper design of the flare and sitelocation; the flare should be located away from population centers and at a properheight. The impact of heat from flaring can also be mitigated through the use ofinsulation.

c. Assessment of environmental impacts including those identified above. Localenvironmental requirements should be used to assess the impacts except for theair emissions for flaring facility where UKemission standards for flaring will beused.

The environmental impacts described above will be assessed and should be ensured tomeet regulation both from national standard (Kep- 13/MENLH/3/1995) and internationalstandard (UK Emission Standard) as displayed in Table 8 and Table 9.

Table 8. Emission Standards for Flaring

Parameter Impact Generated StandardNational' International'

Carbt:n l:n,,x,de 1'co H,--alth impact No Standard .5t mg Nm INitrt.-'nn O(ide , NO .I H,ealrh Imp:ia 'phot.-chemkil 1,000 mg,Nmn 3 150) mg'Nni 3

smoke)Methane (CH4) Health & safety impact No Standard 10 mg/Nm3

(photochemical smoke and fire &explosion)

Carbon Dioxide*** (C02) Global Warming (GHG) No Standard No Standard

Water Vapor (H20) No significant impact No Standard No StandardHydrogen (H2) Safety impact (fire & explosion) No Standard No Standard*National standard based on Indonesia National Emission Standards for MiscellaneousIndustries (Kep- 13/MENLH/3/1995)** International standards are based on the UK Emission Standards for Enclosed

Landfill Gas Flares*** In landfill gas, C02 considered to be biogenic and therefore a natural part of thecarbon cycle

22

Table 9. Relevant Indonesian Air Quality Standards Applicable to Flaring

PWrameter StandardCarbon Monoxide (CO) 30,000 mg/ Nm3 (1 hr)

10,000 m/Nm3 (24 hrs)Nitrogen Oxide (NO) 400 mg/ Nm3 (d hr)

150 mg/ Nm3 (24 hrs)100 mg/ Nm3 9 yr)

Methane (Unburnt Hydrocarbon) CH4 160 mg/ Nm3 (3 hrs)Opacity 35%Noise 70 dB (A)Odor 0.02 pprn (as H2 S ) -Carbon Dioxide (CO2) No StandardWater Vapor (H20) No StandardHydrogen (H20) No StandardNotes: - National standard for CO, NOx (as N02) and CH4 (as HC) are based on GR

No. 41/ 1999- National standard for odor is based on Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996-National standard for Nuisance is based on Kep-46/MENLH/11/1996-National standard for opacity is based on Kep -13/MENLH/3/1995

d. Development of EMPincludingmitigation measures to address identified keyenvironmental issues, institutional arrangements, monitoring plan, schedule andcosts.

The main objective of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) is to identify, organize,elaborate, and adopt measures to prevent, mitigate, remediate, or compensate for theproject related impacts on the environment. Actions and solutions for each identifiedimpact of the TPA Batulayang Landfill Gas Flaring Project are listed in this section,together with the entities responsible for implementing them.

The EMP considers the following types of environmental measures:- Prevention: Actions to avoid the occurrence of the impact.- Mitigation: Measures to reduce the extent of damage.- Remediation: Reconditioning, correction, or modification of the impacted

environment.- Compensation: Actions to compensate for irreversible damages caused to the

environment, in place or elsewhere.

Table 10 summarizes the planned environmental measures for each EIA factor in theTPA Batulayang project, along with the responsible entities as listed below.(1) Landfill operator;(2) Methane capture and flaring system constructing company;(3) Methane capture and flaring system operating company; and(4) Municipality of Pontianak.

23

Table 10. Environmental Measures for TPA Batulayang Landfill Gas Flaring Project

Rsosbe Expected Responibl ExpectedVector Prevention entity Implementation Mitigation esponsile mplementationEntit Date and Cost Date and Cost

Noise Proper design (2) During Use of safety (1) During project& location of construction gear (3) lifetime;flare system phase (May- Rp.500,000/yr

June 2007);included indesign cost

Dust Use of dust (2) During Use of safety (1) During projectsuppressant construction gear (3) lifetime; Rp.techniques phase . (May- 5Million/yr

June 2007); Rp2OMillion

Emission Assure (3) During project Use of safety (1) During projectcorrect start up phase gear (3) lifetime; Rp.operation of (June 2007), 5Million/yrthe methane periodically ascapture and required duringflaring project lifetime;system Rp.through 1OMillion/yrtraining.

Monitor the (3) During projectcapture and lifetime;flaring Rp.600Million

I systemFire and Standard fire (3) During project Access to (1) During projectExplosion prevention lifetime; Rp. 60 emergency (3) lifetime; Rp.

devices Million) services 5OMillionshould be should bemade madeavailable available

Locating flare (2) Duringwith Constructionconsideration phase (May-of safety June 2007);aspect included in

design costAsphyxia Adequate (2) During project

ventilation (3) lifetime;and Rp.2OMillionsystematicsafeguardmust be used

Odor Use enclosed (2) During project Use of safety (D) During projectflare system (3) lifetime, gear (3) lifetime; Rp.

included in 1,000,000/yrdesign cost

Heat Proper design (2) Duringof the flare (3) constructionand site phase; includedlocation in design cost I

The monitoring flow chart for the flaring system is displayed in Figure 12.

24

Figure 12. Monitoring Flow Chart of Flaring System

(5) Pn:CatoDsrPSUMCUMI Control Panel.

F3 Plow Controller t

( G e A n a l y ser I -r * -

flame Crtrollcr

(3 02 Controller |ED Temperature Indicator I T.L

9 Igniton Burner ------------ tW Moator orActuator ! - --------------------- I - IA . C - I

==l A* or Acuao r- ---- - ------ r

r ,I!npr No E I FLAME ARRESIR L

---------------- ----

2 Fan ON, 2 Fan standby

I M - Rreedual Gae

L ----------- L--AJR

25

4. Required skillsProfessional environmental engineer with more than 10years experience includingexperience in landfill design/operation, and environmental assessment.

5. DeliverablesDeliverables will include three reports as below. The first drafts should be submitted byMay 10, 2007, or earlier ifpossible..

a. Environmental Due Diligence Audit Report for the existing landfillb. Updated En vironmental Management Plan for the planned expansion of

landfillc. Environmental Assessment Report for the landfill gas collection and

flaring facilityd. Executive summaries of the above three reports (1 page each)

26