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A socio-legal view onvirtual individualnetworks
Socio-legal challenges and opportunities forcomputer-mediated audiovisual communicationin open and closed communities.
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MICT, SMIT and ICRI within VIN
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MICT within VIN
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web2.0 or social software?
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a definition for social software
software that enables communication through digital technologies during which people connect, converse, collaborate, manage
information and/or form online networks in a social, bottom-up fashion
a) is mediated through digital technology; b) enables communication; c) helps people reach certain goals – it enables
content(management), communication, collaboration and community(forming);
d) works bottom up.e) is based on principles of social networking and user participation
social software:
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what is social software (Mayfield, 2003)
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what is social software (Smith, 2007)
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how does social capital relate to this?
28% of online Americans say they have tagged content
(Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2007)
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what is social capital?
Lin summarises social capital as: “resources embedded in a social structure that are accessed
and/or mobilised in purposive actions”
(Lin, 2001, p. 29).
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social capital & ict: deskresearch1st level effects: efficiency effects
no physical presence required to shareknowledgecollective knowledge is automaticallystored & easily retrievablecontrol over time…
2nd level effects: social effectsdegree to wich people identify withcommunication partners & group(collectivism)different roles in CMChyperpersonal interactions…
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social capital & ict: empirical resultsfew participants in the focusgroups knew what social software orweb2.0 entails or participate/contribute in/to ‘virtual’ communities:
“I never think: lets go online and spent an hour answering questionsraised on a forum.” (Hugo, medium internet user)
some participants acknowledged that new relations can be createdonline but most participants are very critical towards online sociability, they think relations created or sustained online are ‘not real’discussions on online three-dimensional worlds indicated that most people see it ‘as a waste of time’
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social capital & ict: empirical results
Does the internet serve a bridging or bonding function?
How much has the internet helped you at:score
45 become more involved with groups you already belong to?41 connecting with groups based in your local community?39 finding people or groups who share your interests?30 connecting with people of different ages or generations?25 finding people or groups who share your beliefs?21 connecting w people from different socio-cultural backgrounds?16 connecting with people from different economic backgrounds?
red = bridging green = bonding
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SMIT within VIN
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The era of communities
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The networked society
The community
The person is the portal
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research topics
Network Generated Content in relation to VINExploring Living Lab as a research framework for VIN
Identifying new research methods for user oriented approach (ethnographic design)Framework for ad hoc and longitudinal living labs
Working on meta-data model network societyConscious data: user generatedUnconscious data: network/device generated
Work in progress
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research topics
Online vs offline networks/communitiesDeveloping a theoretical framework for analyzing networks and communities.Researching community experiences in relation toindividual networks (social capital)
Identifying new situations for CMCA way to discover applications that can enrich participating in individual networks/communities and enrich social capital.
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Method
In depth research of 4 individuals + 3 communities (April - October)Multi-method
IndividualsQuestionnaireDiariesIn-depth interviewNetwork diagram
CommunitiesQuestionnaireFocus groupsCommunity scans
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Dimensions of individual networks
“When I am online, I occasionally talk to people I don’t really know, but havefound through the profiles of MSN-messenger. I use it when I’m online and I need social contact.”
“I have 5 or 6 really close friends and they are all scouts. So these scouts and this group of people are the center of my activities”
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Identifying dimensions for CMC in individual networks
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Example
Characteristics ofcommunication
Mediators ofcommunication
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The community
Development Integrated Community Model (ICM)
Explore the dimensions of communitiesExperience level within communitiesIntegrated Community Model [ICM]
Identification & classificationInteraction layers
Van Lier (T.), Pierson (J.). Identification of community practices and co-creation of pre-adolescents: the case of Ketnet Kick. Paper presented at Cost 298, Moscow
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The experience of online and offline communities
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CMC in communities
Mediators of communication
Characteristics of communication
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Conclusion
Optimizing communication in individual networks and communities
Need to provide the right tool in the right situationNeed for adaptability and flexibility in the CMC applicationsInfluence of several dimensions on the communication process. We have initiated a first proposal for identifying these dimensions
Need to think beyond the traditional communication tools
Our research has shown new domains and situations of CMC that need further research
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ICRI within VIN
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ICRI’s research within VIN
Goal: Identifying regulatory barriers for the success of user-centric networks/VIN
with respect to CONTENT issuesDrafting recommendations for the modernisation and adaptation of the regulatory framework
with respect to user-generated content
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focus of ICRI’s research
3 research streams
Research on the clash between new user-centric networks and services and old regulatory frameworks (T.2.1) D.2.1.Analysis of the legal issues related to user-generated content on VIN (T.2.1) D.2.1.Creation of a blueprint for a coherent and future-proof framework for content regulation in the converging media environment (T.2.2) D.2.2.
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content on VIN: legal issues
Circulation of content (text, AV, audio, pictures, …) onVIN: issues with legal impact
Unprecedented lowering of the threshold to media content production from a limited number of content producers to an enormous number of content generatorsBlurring of the traditional allocation of tasks between producer and consumer blurring of traditional rights, responsibilities and tasks of different actors
These developments clash with traditional legal concepts and frameworks
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selection of content issues
Freedom of expressionIllegal and harmful content (case-study: protection of minors against harmful content)Regulation of audiovisual content: the Television without Frontiers Directive and its successor the Audiovisual Media Services Directive User-generated content Liability for content creation
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selection of content issues
Freedom of expression: the application of fundamental human rights on VINinternational, European and Belgian regulatory framework
Illegal and harmful content overview of categories of illegal content: Belgian regulatory framework, international and European initiatives trends in the United States and Europe for dealing with harmfulcontent – with specific attention for the protection of minors against harmful content
The TVWF Directive and AVMS Directive regulation of audiovisual content: existing and upcoming regulatory framework at the European level implications for new phenomena such as e.g. YouTube
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selection of content issues
User-generated content the legal status of user-generated content: brief overview of possible legal issues the legal status of content-generators: rights and responsibilities, application of traditional legal concepts on a new category of content providers
Liability for content creation liability regime for Internet service providers: E-commerce directive and Belgian E-commerce lawapplication on new phenomena
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ongoing research
Creation of a blueprint for a coherent and future-proof framework for content regulation in the converging media environment (T.2.2) D.2.2.
Potential of alternative regulatory instruments (use of self- and co-regulation) to “regulate” VIN Re-interpretation and update of traditional legalconcepts…
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contact
MICT [email protected]
SMIT http://smit.vub.ac.be/[email protected]@[email protected]
ICRI http://law.kuleuven.be/icri/[email protected]@law.kuleuven.be
