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Clovis Torres Fernandes Learning and Interaction Laboratory – LAI Computer Science Department – IEC Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica – ITA. Workshop Writing Scientific Papers: Introduction. Workshop Goals. To present some tips for writing good introductions for scientific papers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WorkshopWorkshopWriting Scientific Papers:Writing Scientific Papers:
IntroductionIntroduction
Clovis Torres Fernandes
Learning and Interaction Laboratory – LAIComputer Science Department – IECInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica – ITA
Workshop GoalsWorkshop Goals
To present some tips for writing good introductions for scientific papers
To gain hands-on experience applying some of the tips to real examples
Palavras-chave
Keywords
Resumo
Abstract
Paper Paper StructureStructure
Title
Main Text
Introduction
7. Writing the Introduction
Writing ProcessWriting Process
5. Writing preliminarly the Introduction (optional)
IntroductionIntroduction
It is an explanatory section at the beginning of a scientific paper
IntroductionIntroduction
It establishes the context of the work being reported
It communicates the focus of your paper
IntroductionIntroduction
It should make your readers want to read your paper
Introduction StructureIntroduction Structure
Five Questions Scheme (or Three to Five Paragraphs)
by Prof. Kristin SainaniStanford University
Introduction StructureIntroduction Structure
1. What’s known?2. What’s unknown?3. What is your burning
question/hypothesis/aim/problem to solve?
4. What is your experimental approach or research methodology?
5. How to link the Introduction to the text body?
1. What’s known?1. What’s known?
Introduce the research topic or issue
Define the terminology, if need be
Relate the topic to the existing research (literature)
1. What’s known? (cont.)1. What’s known? (cont.)
Why is the topic important?
What did we know about it before I did this study?
What has so far been done on the topic?
What’s known
2. What’s unknown?2. What’s unknown?
Limitations and gaps in previous studies Represented by phrases
beginning with “But”, “However” etc.
Use an example, if convenient, for exposing limitations and gaps
3. What is your burning 3. What is your burning question/hypothesis/aimquestion/hypothesis/aim/problem to solve?/problem to solve?
4. What is your experimental 4. What is your experimental approach or research approach or research methodology?methodology?
Explain the theoretical framework the study is based on
Why is your experimental approach or research methodology new and different and important (fills in the gaps)?
4. What is your experimental 4. What is your experimental approach or research approach or research methodology? (cont.)methodology? (cont.)
What is the contribution of the paper on the problem?
Is the contribution original? Explain why
Is the contribution non-trivial? Explain why
5. How to link the 5. How to link the Introduction to the text Introduction to the text body?body?
Ends with a short summary of the rest of the paper:
"The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, we …"
Tips for writing an Tips for writing an IntroductionIntroduction
Don't review all studies that have ever been published on the topic
Keep paragraphs short
Write for a general audience a clear, concise, non-technical text
--> Describe the approach used in sufficient detail so that a reader who is not familiar with the technique will understand what was done and why
Take the reader step by step from what is known to what is unknown. End with your specific question
Known --> Unknown --> Question
Emphasize how your study fills in the gaps (the unknown)
Explicitly and clearly state your research question/aim/hypothesis:
“We asked whether …” “Our hypothesis was …” “We tested the hypothesis that …” “Our aim/s was/were …” “We face this challenge by
focusing our analysis on …” ...
Do not answer the research question (no results or implications)
--> Controversial: you can mention very briefly the conclusion of the paper!
Summarize at the end at a high level!
Leave detailed descriptions, speculations, and criticisms of particular studies for the discussion/related works
Yes, you can use passive voice!
But, keep it to a minimum!
Verb TensesVerb Tenses
1. What’s known?2. What’s unknown?3. What is your burning
question/hypothesis/aim/problem to solve?
4. What is your experimental approach or research methodology?
5. How to link the Introduction to the text body?
Present
PastPast
Present: why isImportant?
Past
Another Another ExamplesExamples
Read the introduction found in TIDIA: Workshop--ExerciseGoodBadIntroduction 01--The Essence of Object Orientation for CS0- Concepts without Code.pdf
Tell if it follow the Five Questions Scheme, and why!
Classroom WorkClassroom Work
Read the introduction found in TIDIA: Workshop--ExerciseGoodBadIntroduction 02--Easy Rubric--um Editor de Rubricas no Padrao IMS Rubric-VersaoFinal.pdf
Tell if it follow the Five Questions Scheme, and why!
Classroom WorkClassroom Work
Read the introduction found in TIDIA: Workshop--ExerciseGoodBadIntroduction 03--Easy Rubric--um Editor de Rubricas no Padrao IMS Rubric.pdf
Tell if it follow the Five Questions Scheme, and why!
Classroom WorkClassroom Work
Alternative Methods Alternative Methods
for Writing for Writing
IntroductionsIntroductions
Five Questions Scheme1. Why is the topic interesting?
2. What is the basis of previous solutions, if any?
3. What is the basis of alternative solution(s)? [optional]
4. What was done in the present research effort? [explicit focus]
5. What will be presented in this paper?
Others Schemes
Just Introductionhttp://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/intro-style.html
Writing Technical Articleshttp://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-style.html
The EndThe End