Workshop Summary: Physics and Technology Frontiers of Facilities for Hadron Physics Richard Milner Massachusetts Institute of Technology Frank Rathmann

Workshop Summary:

Physics and Technology Frontiers of Facilities for Hadron Physics

Richard Milner Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Frank Rathmann Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich

Workshop Summary: Physics and Technology Frontiers of Facilities for Hadron Physics 2

• Theory:– F. Close Properties of Exotics: What needs to be measured?– U. Meißner Tests of Effective Field Theories– M. Anselmino Partonic Structure of Matter

• Facilities: Status, Upgrades & New Ones– T. Roser RHIC Spin Plans– R. Ent JLab 12 GeV upgrade– B. Surrow Electron Ion Collider– P. Reimer Opportunities for DY Studies with the Fermilab Main

Injector– T. Komatsubara JParc: Proton Accelerator Research Complex– F. Rathmann FAIR/GSI– H. Weller HIS/Duke– M. Wolke WASA/COSY– F. Klein ELSA– S. Bertolucci DAPHNE: Status and Outlook

• Technical Developments– T. Roser Electron Cooling of Ion Beams– L. Merminga Energy Recovery Linacs– B. Surrow New Detector Technologies– K. Rith ClosingSpeaker

Physics and Technology


Physics and Technology• Theory:

– F. Close Properties of Exotics: What needs to be measured?– U. Meißner Tests of Effective Field Theories– M. Anselmino Partonic Structure of Matter




All Talks available from the EINN05 website

T. Roser (BNL) --- RHIC Spin Plans 4

RHIC Spin plans


Dynamic Pressure Rise limits Luminosity

Technique applied at LHC p storage rings


RHIC Future Plans







B. Surrow (MIT) --- Electron Ion Collider 8

RHIC Today


QCD Pillars at eRHIC


eRHIC - Machine Design Aspects


Ring-Linac Design (1)


Ring-Linac Design (2)







R. Ent (JLab) --- JLab 12 GeV upgrade 14

CHL-2CHL-2

Upgrade magnets Upgrade magnets and power and power suppliessupplies

Enhance equipment in Enhance equipment in existing hallsexisting halls

6 GeV CEBAF

1112Add new hallAdd new hall


50% of momentum carried by gluons

20% of proton spin carried by quark spin


But miserable knowledge ofespecially d-quarks at large x

and spin dependence at large x (here A1

n is shown)

Resolution: e.g., F2n tagging spectator proton from deuterium, and 3He(e,e’)


Unambiguous Resolution @ 12 GeV

A1n at 11

GeVW>1.2F2

n/F2p at 11 GeV


12 GeV Upgrade: Project Schedule

• 2004-2005 Conceptual Design (CDR)• 2004-2008 Research and Development (R&D)• 2006 Advanced Conceptual Design (ACD)• 2007-2009 Project Engineering & Design (PED)• 2007-2008 Long Lead Procurement• 2008-2012 Construction• 2011-2013 Pre-Ops (beam commissioning)

Critical Decision (CD) Presented at IPR

CD-0 Mission Need 2QFY04 (Actual)

CD-1 Preliminary Baseline Range 4QFY05

CD-2A/3A Construction and Performance Baseline of Long Lead Items

2QFY07

CD-2B Performance Baseline 4QFY07

CD-3B Start of Construction 3QFY08

CD-4 Start of Operations 1QFY13







20P. Reimer (ANL) --- Opportunities for DY Studies with the Fermilab Main Injector

Drell-Yan scattering (Fixed Target):A laboratory for studying sea quark distributions

Lea

din

g O

rder

xtarget xbeam

proton

proton

}X

}X

-

+

Detector acceptance chooses range in xtarget and xbeam.

xF = xbeam – xtarget > 0

high-x Valence Beam quarks. Low/interm.-x sea Target quarks.


Recent and Future Fermilab Drell-Yan Experiments

The (very successful) past:

FNAL E866/NuSeaFNAL E866/NuSea Data in 1996-1997 1H, 2H, and nuclear targets 800 GeV proton beam

The future:

FNAL E906FNAL E906 Data in 2009?? 1H, 2H, and nuclear targets 120 GeV proton Beam

Cross section scales as 1/s

– 7 that of 800 GeV beam Backgrounds, primarily from J/ decays scale as s

– 7 Luminosity for same detector rate as 800 GeV beam

5050 statistics!! statistics!!


Structure of the nucleon: What is d/u in the proton?

Select xb À xt to isolate first term (detector acceptance will do this).

Study ratio of cross sections for deuterium to hydrogen

(In analysis, we use a full Next-to-Leading order cross section calculation with both terms)


Fermilab Accelerator Complex: Fixed Target Program

Fixed Target Beam

lines

Tevatron 800 GeV

Main Injector 120 GeV


E906 ApparatusBoost difference between 800 and 120 GeV requires shorter experiment.

–Previous (E866) spectrometer was over 60m long; E906 spect. is only 26m long–Fabrication of new coils for M1 magnet (was 14.5 m long new M1 is only 4.8 m)–Complications with decays between target and absorber

Other items:–New Station 1 to handle higher rate–Replace some very old scintillators, additional phototubes

Key to rates: Beam dump and hadron absorber within M1 Magnet


E906 Cost and Schedule

2008

2007

2010 Publications

2006

Expt. Funded

2009

Magnet Design ExperimentAnd construction Construction

Pro

po

sed

Jan

. 20

04 ExperimentRuns

2005

Fermilab Long Range Schedule—Committed to starting E906 in FY2009

–Must have minimal impact on instantaneous neutrino production.

–Require slow extraction out of Main Injector.Approximate Cost:

–Magnet coil fabrication: US$1.4M

–US$0.8M for Spectrometer upgradesFunding sources

–US DOE-Office of Nuclear Physics US$2.0M–US NSF US$0.3M–Fermilab support through magnet assembly, electronics, power supplies, etc




• Facilities: Status, Upgrades & New Ones– T. Roser RHIC Spin Plans– R. Ent JLab 12 GeV upgrade– B. Surrow Electron Ion Collider– P. Reimer Opportunities for DY Studies with the Fermilab Main Injector– T. Komatsubara JParc: Proton Accelerator Research Complex– F. Rathmann FAIR/GSI– H. Weller HIS/Duke– M. Wolke WASA/COSY– F. Klein ELSA– S. Bertolucci DAPHNE: Status and Outlook


T. Komatsubara (KEK) --- JParc: Proton Accelerator Research Complex 27

JPARC: Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex


JPARC Experimental Facilities Material and Life Science: Neutron, muonsNuclear and Particle Physics: , , , , …Nuclear Transmutation: (future project)


Near Term Schedule for Hadron Physics Experiments at JParc

January 2005

2003 Jan 30 LoI’s submittedJun Facility Committee’s assessment

• Day-1 experiments• Phase-1 experiments

2004 Feb Report on the Beamline Layout for the Hadron Exp Hall2005 Oct? Call for Full Proposals2006 Mar? deadline for the Day-1 proposals

…2008 J-PARC first beam ??2009 Day-1 experiments start ??






F. Rathmann (FZJ) --- FAIR/GSI 31

FAIR in 2014


Nuclear Structure Physics and Nuclear Astrophysics with RIBs

Hadron Physics with Anti-Proton Beams

Physics of Nuclear Matter with Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

Plasma Physics with highly Bunched Beams

Atomic Physics and Applied Science with highly charged ions and low energy Anti-Protons

+ Accelerator Physics

Five Scientific Pillars +1


Technical Proposals (TP)

Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics (NUSTAR):

1.) Low Energy Branch (LEB) Ch.Scheidenberger GSIHigh-resolution In-Flight Spectroscopy (HISPEC)/ Zs.Podolyak/ SurreyDecay Spectroscopy with Implanted Ion Beams (DESPEC) + B. Rubio ValenciaPrecision Measurements of very short-lived Nuclei using an Advanced Trapping System for highly-charged Ions (MATS) K.Blaum MainzLASER Spectroscopy for the Study of Nuclear Properties (LASPEC) P. Campbell ManchesterNeutron Capture Measurements (NCAP) M.Heil FZKAntiprotonic Radioactive Nuclides (Exo+pbar) M. Wada Riken

2.) High Energy Branch (R3B)A Universal Setup for Kinematical Complete Measurements of Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams (R3B) T. Aumann GSI

3.) Ring Branch (STORIB)Study of Isomeric Beams, Lifetimes and Masses (ILIMA) Y .Novikov SPNPIExotic Nuclei Studied in Light-Ion Induced Reactions at the NESR Storage Ring (EXL) M. Chartier Liverpool Electron-Ion Scattering in a Storage Ring (e-A Collider) (ELISe) H. Simon GSIAntiproton-Ion Collider: A Tool for the Measurement of Neutron and Proton rms radii of Stable and Radioactive Nuclei (AIC) R. Krücken TUMSpectroscopy of Pionic Atoms with Unstable Nuclei (PIONIC) K. Itahashi Riken

667 users


QCD: ASSIA Study of Spin-dependent Interactions with Antiprotons R.Bertini TorinoCBM Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment P.Senger GSIDIRAC Tests of Low Energy QCD L.Nemenov JINR DubnaPANDA Strong Interaction Studies with Antiprotons U.Wiedner TSL UppsalaPAX Antiproton-Proton Scattering Experiments with Polarization F.Rathmann FZJ

Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics and Applications:Laser Cooling of Highly Charged Ions at SIS 100/300 U. Schramm LMUFLAIR - A Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research E. Wiedman TokyoAnti-deuteron Breeding in a Double Ring Collider W. Oehlert FZ-JülichSPARC Stored Particles in Atomic physics Research R. Schuch StockholmHEDGEHOB: High Energy Density matter GEenerated by Heavy-iOn Beams D. Varentsov DarmstadtApplications of Relativistic Ions in Radiobiology and Space Research M. Durante NapoliMaterials Research with Relativistic Heavy Ion Beams S. Klaumünzer HMIRadiative Properties of Warm Dense Matter F. B. Rosmej Marseille

578 users in 5 TPs [505 on LoIs]

Technical Proposals (TP) II

909 users in 4 TPs [834 in 5 LoIs]


Characteristics of the future FAIR facility




• 1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+

• Intensity: Factor 100-1000• 4x1013/s 30 GeV Protons• 1010/s 238U92+ up to 35 GeV/u• up to 90 GeV protons

Primary Beams



Secondary Beams

• Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 inintensity over present • Antiprotons 0 - 30 GeV



• Cooled beams• Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets

Key Technologies

Storage and Cooler Rings

• Radioactive beams

• e-– A (or Antiproton-A) collider

• 1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

•Polarized antiprotons(!)



Physics Program at the High-Energy Storage (Cooler) Ring (HESR)

Physics Program at the High-Energy Storage (Cooler) Ring (HESR)

J/ spectroscopy confinement

hidden and open charm in nuclei

glueballs (ggg) hybrids (ccg)

strange and charmed baryons

in nuclear field

inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

CP-violation (D/ - sector)

fundamental symmetries: p in traps

(FLAIR)


Central PAX Physics Case:Central PAX Physics Case: Transversity distribution of the nucleon in Drell-Yan:

FAIR as successor of DIS physics

– last leading-twist missing piece of the QCD description of the partonic structure of the nucleon

– observation of h1q

(x,Q2) of the proton for valence quarks (ATT in Drell-Yan >0.2)

– transversely polarized proton beam or target ()

– transversely polarized antiproton beam ()

HESR

QCD Physics at FAIR (CDR): unpolarized Antiprotons in

HESRPAX Polarized

Antiprotons

FAIR – Prospects and ChallengesFAIR – Prospects and Challenges

• FAIR is a facility, which will serve a large part of the nuclear physics community (and beyond):

- Nuclear structure Radioactive beams- Dense Matter Relativistic ion beams- Hadronic Matter Antiprotons, (polarized)

- Atomic physics- Plasma physics

• FAIR will need a significant fraction of the available man-power and money in the years to come:

1 G€ 10 000 man-years = 100 “man” for 100 years

or (1000 x 10)

• FAIR will have a long lead-time (construction, no physics) staging (3 phases)







High Intensity -Source at Duke

Broad physics program planned for HIS – Nuclear Astrophysics– Few Body Physics– GDH Sum rule for deuterium– Nuclear Structure studies using NRF– Compton scattering from nucleons and few

body nuclei– Pion Threshold studies

• will take over five years to execute • will require over 2000 hrs. per year of beam

time


UV-FELNo loss mode (below 20 MeV):•Total Intensity: >109 s•5% resolution: >8 x 107 s•2% resolution: >3 x 107 s

Loss mode (20-95 MeV):•Total Intensity: ~2 x 108 s•5% resolution: ~2 x 107 s•2% resolution: ~6 x 106 /s

Mirror development required to reach 158 MeV. Expected within 3-years.

Intensities 3 to 4 orders of magnitude larger than present available.


Upgraded Facility

(1) RF System with HOM Damping

(3a) Building extension + booster radiation shielding

(2) 1.2-GeV Booster Injector

(3b) LTB Transfer Line

(3c) BTR Transfer Line

3(d) Modifications to SR NSS

(3e) Radiation shielding over SR east arc


Primary new component1.2 GeV Booster Injector


Upgrade Schedule for the HIS

•Building extension completed June, 2004•New RF System ready to operate Sept, 2004•Booster Commissioning March->June, 2006•Commissioning of fully upgraded accelerator July->August, 2006

•Nuclear Physics Program beginsNovember, 2006

•Dec. 06 – March 07 Linear Pol.- Below 50 MeV, >108

/s•Sept. 07 – Dec. 07 Circ. Pol. Up to 95 MeV, >108 /s






M. Wolke (FZJ) --- WASA/COSY 50

COSY Synchrotron and Storage Ring

New Site for WASA


Decays of and ’ with WASA at COSY


Isospin Symmetry Breaking (sinθπη)


Key Experiments






F. Klein (Bonn) --- ELSA 55

ELSA: ELectron Stretcher and Accelerator

external beam: I < 10 nA duty cycle: 90%

ELSAstretcher ring0.8 - 3.5 GeV

photon beam:bremsstrahlung tagging


ELSA beam polarization


World-First: Internal Polarizing Magnet

target insert

internalpolarizing magnet

Design for 4π continuous mode target using combined 4He-

evaporation / 3He/4He dilution refrigerator

60 m

m

beam

target

in ternal superconducting 'ho ld ing coil’liqu id helium from the still

100 m m

● wire- 0.2 mm● N = 2032● thickness of the coil : 1.33 mm● Bmax = 1.5 Tesla @ IN = 80 A ● @ 4.2 K

goal : Bp ~ 2.5 Tesla B/B ~ 10-4


Crystal-Barrel: 2006






S. Bertolucci (INFN) --- DAPHNE: Status and Outlook 60

KLOECP, CPT violationchiral dynamics... and more

FINUDAHypernuclearphysics

FINUDAHypernuclearphysics

DEARAtomic physics

(49%)

S

L(34%)

(13%)

Source of monochromatic, collinear and tagged

neutral and charged kaons

Source of monochromatic, collinear and tagged

neutral and charged kaons

DANE Hall

DANE Hall

S. Bertolucci (INFN) --- DAPHNE: Status and Outlook 61

DAFNE 2005- 2008 PLAN• Complete KLOE data taking (2 fb-1 + .3 fb-1 off peak) Spring 2006

• Roll-out KLOE, Roll-in Finuda • FINUDA data taking. Goal: Deliver > 1.5 fb-1 by Summer

2007

• Roll-out Finuda and install SIDDHARTA• SIDDHARTA data taking Deliver > .5 fb-1 by Summer 2008

DAFNE outlook• Adiabatic changes on DAFNE approaching to an end.• 3 years of physics program fully booked with current (or

slightly upgraded) detectors.• After that, only radical changes possible

Is there enough of a physics case? YES, if you are able to design a machine capable of

Lpeak~1033cm-2s-1 at the Φ and which can reach a

c.m. energy of 2.4 GeV with a Lpeak~1032cm-2s-1






T. Roser (BNL) --- Electron Cooling of Ion Beams 63

RHIC Luminosity Upgrades


First Electron Cooling in FNAL Recycler

8 GeV p


RHIC II Luminosities with Electron Cooling


Magnetized Electron Cooling R&D


Key Element: S.C. Laser Photocathode gun






L. Merminga (JLab) --- Energy Recovery Linacs 69

ERLs in Nuclear and Particle Physics

Electron Cooling of Hadron Storage RingsRequirements- Low energy - High brightness - High charge- High current

Provide Electron beams for High-Luminosity CollidersRequirements- High energy - High charge- High current- Polarization

Examples: 1. RHIC electron cooler2. eRHIC collider3. ELIC (Electron Light Ion Collider)


Electron Light Ion ColliderElectron Light Ion Collider Parameter Unit Value Value Value Beam energy GeV 150/7 100/5 30/3 Cooling beam energy MeV 75 50 15 Bunch collision rate GHz 1.5 Number of particles/bunch 1010 .4/1.0 .4/1.1 .12/1.7 Beam current A 1/2.4 1/2.7 .3/4.1 Cooling beam current A 2 2 .6 Energy spread, rms 10-4 3 Bunch length, rms mm 5 Beta-star mm 5 Horizontal emittance, norm m 1/100 .7/70 .2/43 Vertical emittance, norm m .04/4 .06/6 .2/43 Number of interaction points 4 Beam-beam tune shift (vertical) per IP .01/.086 .01/.073 .01/.007 Space charge tune shift in p-beam .015 .03 .06 Luminosity per IP*, 1034 cm-2 s-1 7.7 5.6 .8 Core & luminosity IBS lifetime h 24 24 24 Lifetime due to background scattering h 200 200 200

L = 8x1034 cm-2sec-1 for 150 GeV protons on 7 GeV electrons


Technology Challenges of ERLs

I.I. Generation and Preservation of Low Emittance, Generation and Preservation of Low Emittance, High Current BeamsHigh Current Beams

- Development of electron sources and accelerating Development of electron sources and accelerating structures ast many laboratories structures ast many laboratories

II.II. Accelerator TransportAccelerator Transport

- Successful test of energy recovery at CEBAFSuccessful test of energy recovery at CEBAF

- Range 20 MeV to 1 GeV20 MeV to 1 GeV

- No significant emittance dilution observedNo significant emittance dilution observed

III.III. High Current Effects in Superconducting RFHigh Current Effects in Superconducting RF- Higher Order Mode Power DissipationHigher Order Mode Power Dissipation- Multipass Beam BreakupMultipass Beam Breakup

• ERLs applicable to various accelerator applicationsERLs applicable to various accelerator applications– are expected to play a significant role in Nuclear and are expected to play a significant role in Nuclear and

Particle Physics.Particle Physics.


Final Remark• New Facilites

– HIS/Duke (2006)– JParc (2008) – FAIR (2014) – Electron Ion Collider at RHIC (?)

• Major Upgrades of Exisiting facilties– JLAB (2013)

• Smaller Upgrades– Crystal Barrel@ELSA (2006)– WASA@COSY (2007)– E906@FNAL (2009)

Documents

Workshop Summary: Physics and Technology Frontiers of Facilities for Hadron Physics Richard Milner Massachusetts Institute of Technology Frank Rathmann