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Workshop Overview & Charge, Science Examples, Instrumentation R&D
Bill SchlotterFeb. 11, 2015
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Outline
Workshop Charge
Workshop Format Breakout activities
Scientific Opportunity Example
From workshops to transformational science at LCLS-II
Planning for Instruments at LCLS-II
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Our Charge
Ensuring LCLS-II will be useful for our science
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
The strength of the Scientific Opportunities we develop
and refine over the next two days will guide the
capabilities developed for LCLS-II X-ray Parameters Instrumentation Methods
Our workshop will form the basis for a document
describing the most important Scientific Opportunities
at LCLS-II.
Our workshop will inform the instrumentation
developed for LCLS-II
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Workshop Charge (Identifying Science)
To identify the most important science opportunities (transformational, grand challenge level) that can uniquely be addressed using capabilities of LCLS-II (high rep rate <5 keV, 1-25 keV at 120 Hz) Near-term science consistent with LCLS-II baseline Future science consistent with potential LCLS-II upgrades
Succinct statement of why this science is transformational What are important outstanding questions in your field? Why have they not been answered (what is impeding
progress, why now, why LCLS-II)? What is the potential broader impact if we can answer
these questions (why are they important)?
Plenary speakers will outline selected important science areas setting the stage for the breakout discussions.
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Workshop Charge (Experiments, Parameters, Alternatives?)
Map out experimental approach and key requirements for: Beamline optics, endstation(s), detectors, lasers, sample injectors
etc.
Identify key capabilities, consistent with nominal LCLS-II baseline (and upgrades – secondary) Photon flux, pulse duration, rep rate, tuning, polarization, etc.
Compare experimental approach to current state-of-the art & assess alternative approaches Can the experimental approach leverage existing
instrumentation/expertise? What R&D is required? Can the science be done with other existing sources? (e.g.
diffraction-limited synchrotrons, table-top HHG, etc.)
Breakout sessions will identify priority science opportunities linked to LCLS-II & outline experimental approaches and parameters
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Workshop Format
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Material Physics Workshop Format
Day 1 (Monday)
Morning:
Introduction
Plenary Speakers
Afternoon:
Lunch
Plenary Speakers
Breakout Sessions
Dinner
Day 2 (Tuesday)
Morning:
Breakout Sessions
Afternoon:
Lunch
Breakout Sessions
Breakout Closeout
Depart
Homework
Breakouts: All are encouraged to
present ideas – template provided
Each breakout will deliver a summary at the closeout session
Scribes will take notes and collect presented materials for internal use only.
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Breakout List
Topics Co-Leaders
Fundamental AMO – dynamics in molecules
Markus Guehr, Thorsten Weber
Photo-driven catalysis, charge-transfer, coord. chemistry
Kelly Gaffney, Jinghua Guo
Nonlinear/multidimensional X-ray spec. & strong-field AMO
Phil Bucksbaum, Shaul Mukamel
Heterogeneous catalysis, surfaces/interfaces, & environmental sci.
Dennis Nordlund, Hiro Ogasawara, Zhi Liu
Plasma physics Phil Heimann
High pressure materials physic Jerry Hastings
Each breakout will be introduced in more detail this afternoon
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Breakout Contribution Template
• Everyone is encouraged to contribute a scientific opportunity for LCLS-II
• Template slides provide a guide for input.• It’s not to late to start!
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Breakout Deliverables
• Summary slides for closeout that address the charge
• Written notes addressing the charge with respect to scientific
impact and relevance to LCLS-II
• Answers to the LCLS-II parameters questions
• Notes from breakout discussion (scribe)
• Collection of slides (on a memory stick) presented at the
breakout. (scribe)
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Breakout discussion FAQ
Q: LCLS-II sounds great, but it can’t answer the most important questions in my
field...should I go home?
A: You should stay. Focus on the key pieces where LCLS-II can provide unique
insight.
Q: I have this great idea, but it requires 10fs synchronization between the optical
and x-ray pulses, and the spec is <20fs.
A: Requirements outside of the nominal should provide a clearly justified
scientific opportunity. Develop meaningful scientific advances starting with <20 fs
(nominal) synchronization and working toward the target synchronization.
Q: I can do my experiment at LCLS today. At LCLS-II, I would do the same thing
just a 1000 time faster. Is that really unique?
A: It depends, but if you need one year of LCLS-I beamtime—which you
obviously can’t get—to make progress on your experiment and one shift at LCLS-
II would do the same then YES that is unique.
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Build from previous work!
20122012
SLAC/LBNL 2008BES 2009
20072009
20092010
Document are available on the workshop website
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Scientific OpportunityAn Example
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015Your Name
Understanding Multi-electron Photo-Catalytic Systems
Science Challenge/Opportunity• Understanding natural and artificial photo-catalysts on natural time
scales and under operating conditions• Critically missing is a complete characterization of the electronic
and atomic structure of rare/transient intermediate states
responsible for key steps in catalysis (e.g. water splitting)
Significance & Impact• Deeper understanding of natural photo-catalysts is essential to
design efficient, robust, chemically selective catalytic systems from
earth-abundant elements• Optimization of artificial systems requires characterization of their
dynamics under operating conditions
Challenges & LCLS-II Strengths• Sub-nm resolution, chemical specificity, dynamics.• Tunable ultrafast soft X-rays at high rep rate will enable
chemically-specific characterization of rare transient intermediate
states (occupied, unoccupied and collective states) via time-
resolved RIXS.• Two-color, tailored laser excitation, wet RIXS endstation
4-photon, 4-electron catalyst with dynamics spanning sub-psec to msec. Critical S4 state is metastable and has eluded characterization with present methods/sources.
O2 Evolving CatalystMn4CaO5
H+, e-
S0 S1
S2
S3
S4
H+, e-H+, e-
O2e-
hn
hn
hnhn
Workshop (Chemistry, Materials, life Sciences) Breakout Session
Important “grand challenge level” scientific question
LCLS-II connection
Baseline and future upgrade
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Experimental Approach
• Techniques(s)– Dynamic electronic structure of transition-metal catalysts. Chemical
specificity to transition-metal and ligand(s)– Time-resolved RIXS, two-color spectroscopy, stimulated Raman,
multidimensional spectroscopy
• Tools– High-resolution (100 meV), high-throughput RIXS spectrometer for
solution-phase samples (jets or droplets for shot-to-shot sample replacement. Suitable designs are presently available that represent a modest advance beyond current instruments.
– Two-color and multidimensional spectroscopy requires independently tunable pulses from FEL (DE ~0-500 eV), and optics for manipulating them.
• Alternatives– Synchrotron approaches rely on largely static measurements of cry-
trapped states. Not all intermediates can be cryo-trapped, and fixed samples are susceptible to damage as significant accumulated photons are required.
static N K-edge RIXS map - So
(BESSY – Wernet, Huse et al.)
incident energy (eV)
ener
gy
loss
(eV
)
1MLCT
DE
N-1s
3MLCT
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering(RIXS, X-ray Raman)
• Occupied & unoccupied states• Charge transfer• Multi-particle excitations
hνout
Your Name
Time resolved RIXS, two-color spectroscopy….
Specific and quantitative parameter requirements
Alternatives discussion
Take Credit!
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
From this workshop Through instrumentation To important science at LCLS-II
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Toward Science at LCLS-II …
Delivering effective capabilities for science requires
parallel effort
• Scientific opportunities are identified through the workshop, and through ongoing activities of science working groups, and captured in a science document
Science
• R&D and planning for LCLS-II instrumentation is ongoing at the LCLS facility, and will be guided and prioritized in large part by science opportunities and needs identified for LCLS-II
R&D
• LCLS-II beam parameters are optimized by the LCLS-II project with guidance from scientific drivers.
LCLS-II
Input for R&D
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
• The LCLS operating facility will guide instrumentation for LCLS-II.
R&D is underway in many areas • X-ray Detectors • Pump Lasers • Data Acquisition • Sample Delivery
• Polarization Control • Seeding
• LCLS-II accelerator parameters being developed and priorities
• Bi-weekly discussion between with LCLS & LCLS-II to inform and drive progress in these areas.
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
LCLS-II & Instrumentation
LCLS-II Operating Facility Layout
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
0.25-1.3 keV (120kW)4 GeV, 0.3 mA, 1.2MW
Cu Linac
NEH FEH
SC Linac
NEH FEH
H4H4.5 H5
H6
H2 H4H4.5
H3
H1
H3H5 H6
• Polarization currently under evaluation
• Soft x-ray undulator is linear horizontal. Option for elliptical polarization
control requires strong scientific support• Hard x-ray undulator has option for either linear vertical or linear
horizontal.
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Soft x-ray instrumentation at LCLS-II
As part of the LCLS-II project , a single soft x-ray
beamline (200eV-1300eV) will be built.
The current soft x-ray beamlines in hutches 1 and 2 will
be removed.
Scientific opportunities will drive additional
instrumentation Monochromatic beamline High resolution x-ray emission spectrometers Reaction-microscope system Pulsed magnetic field systems Upgraded or new end station systems
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Instrumentation plan for LCLS-II
Space for instruments at LCLS-II is constrained by the layout of
the Near and Far Experiment Halls. Significant reconfiguration and development of the NEH
instruments is expected.
Future Instrument
Space
Future Instrument
Space
Control Rooms
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Hard x-ray instrumentation
The hard x-ray instruments will remain in the same
location for LCLS-II with ancillary upgrades necessary for
LCLS-II compatibility
All four hard x-ray instruments can use the LCLS-II beam XPP, XCS and MEC can operate at photon energies as
high as 25keV at lower repetition rates because a mirror
upgrade project that is currently underway. Because of a mirror upgrade the CXI instrument will be
capable of delivering focused beam at higher repetition
rate. Future detector, pump laser and DAQ upgrade options
are part of the current LCLS facility development.
Summary
We are charged to develop important science
opportunities unique to LCLS-II at the startup of
LCLS-II and beyond. Breakout group deliverables will develop into the
Scientific Opportunities Document The R&D on instrumentation at LCLS along with
the development of the LCLS-II project are
underway in parallel—now is the time to begin
refining the instrumentation plan.
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
27Insert Presentation Title in Slide Master
LCLS-II Talks and Templates on Website
http://lcls.slac.stanford.edu/ScienceFeb15
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
Questions & Discussion
LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities Workshop, Feb. 2015
END