Workplace Stress and General Procrastination Among Workers in Public and Private Organizations

8/18/2019 Workplace Stress and General Procrastination Among Workers in Public and Private Organizations

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Far Eastern University

Institute of Arts and Sciences

Department of Psychology

Manila

Workplace Stress and eneral Procrastination Among Selected

Workers in Pu!lic and Private "rgani#ations

A Research Paper

In partial fulfillment for the course

Industrial Psychology

Prepared by:

Adina, Michael Jake

Dela Cru, Claire Domini!ue

"sguerra, Alyanna Marie

#alang, Christine

Palacay, Mark Jelson

$%&'( )achelor of $cience in Psychology

April *, +'(


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A$S%&A'%

-his study aimed to assess the difference bet.een .orkplacestress and general procrastination among selected .orkers inpublic and pri/ate sectors0 Apart from the difference, relationshipbet.een the t.o /ariables .as also in/estigated0 -he totalnumber of employees .ho participated in the study .as 1'2 +1each for public and pri/ate .orkers00 Ages ranged from (* to 13years old0 -he design used for this study is a descripti/ecomparati/e4correlational0 Mean scores obtained from the t.ogroups yielded that pri/ate .orkers had moderate le/els of .orkplace stress compared to the public .orkers5 lo. .orkplacestress0 Public .orkers had a higher general procrastination le/elthan pri/ate .orkers0 -he difference of public and pri/ate.orkers yielded different results0 In .orkplace stress, there is nosignificant difference 6p70('*80 9n the other hand, there .as asignificant difference bet.een the t.o .orkers in their generalprocrastination le/els 6p70''(80 A significant correlation bet.een.orkplace stress and general procrastination .as seen .ith a p4/alue of 0'''0 Despite the substantial relationship, the correlation

bet.een the t.o .as negati/e meaning as the .orkplace stressincreases, general procrastination decreases .ith it, and /ice/ersa0 $e/eral factors is considered to ha/e influenced thedifferences bet.een the public and pri/ate groups and therelationship bet.een the t.o /ariables, such as, setting, culturein the .orkplace and the demands of the .ork0

I(%&"DU'%I"(

Can you handle a 34to41 hour ob .ith o/ertime .ithout feeling burnt out;Can you do all the .ork on time .ithout delay; $tress is a common reaction to a

tiring day of .ork 0 It is a state that an indi/idual can e


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on emotional .ell4being 6)re.er > Mahan4?anders, +''&80 @ork related stress isthe response people may e $heil, +''80 -his directlyaffects the company5s performance0 A small amount of stress may positi/elyencourage .orkers to .ork harder0 An e Cooper, +''(80

@orkplace or occupational stress usually occurs .hen the indi/idual5scapabilities, resources and needs do not match the re!uirements of the ob0atigue is usually e


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associated .ith happiness0 It can also be significantly correlated .ith lo.er income0 It .as seen that men tend to procrastinate more than .omen0 @ith this,it has been concluded that procrastination may be an important element that canbe associated .ith income along .ith agreeableness0 It is also related .ithreduced employment0 )et.een procrastinators and nonprocrastinators,

procrastinators are comprised .ith 1F of the unemployed0

Procrastinators tend to keep themsel/es ready for .ork but then, ends upa/oiding .ork entirely0 Instead of doing the task, procrastinators displace their an


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dependence and lack of persistence0 It also gi/es rise to lo. le/els of self4esteem and self4confidence0 As .ell as self4consciousness and concerns o/er public image0

In the .orkplace, procrastination is considered to be a beha/ior that failsto make .ork belo. its optimal potential0 It usually increases employer5s costsand decreases organiational producti/ity0 It can also be negati/ely associated.ith .ork /alues 6Ai and -ari!, +'(&80 )ecause of these reasons, employersare less likely to retain employees .ith high procrastination especially in obs thatneed high moti/ation0 In a pre/ious study, it .as suggested that delayingbeha/iors not only influence a group5s morale and cohesion, but also negati/elyaffect the .hole group 6an "erde, +''&80

$e/eral possible causes of procrastination beha/iors ha/e been re/ealedthat poor time management, o/er.helmed feelings, lack of moti/ation andorganiational skills, poor concentration on .ork and perfectionism actuallyinfluence the indi/idual 6Mofolu.ake and 9luremi, +'(&80 Cogniti/e styles that

in/ol/e unrealistic /ie.s about the self, others and the .orld may be the roots of procrastination0 It includes lo. frustration tolerance, self4do.ning and hostility0Increased procrastination in e/eryday tasks is significantly predicted by highan


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Participants

-he total number of the participants in this study is 1', +1 pri/ate companydesk employees and +1 .ill come from public company desk employees0 All thegathered respondents are .ithin metro manila /icinity0 -he participants ageranged from (*4130 -he 1' respondents .ere selected through purposi/esampling method, the !uestionnaires are distributed randomly in differentcompanies0 -he researchers pursued purposi/e sampling for the reason of selecting .orkers that are !ualified in the particular characteristics of apopulation .hich are desk employees .orking either from public or pri/ateorganiation, that are of interest of the study0

Measures

G-he @orkplace $tress $caleH by -he Marlin Company, =orth Ba/en, C-,and the American Institute of $tress, %onkers, =%0 -he scale has * !uestions totap the stress le/el of the participant0 It is 14point likert scale .ith responseoptions of ne/er, rarely, sometimes, often and /ery often0 $ample !uestion of thescale is GI feel that ob pressures interferes .ith my family or personal lifeH andthe participant .ill choose from the parameters depending on ho. often does thestatement describe ho. they feel0 Also, the scale comes up .ith an instruction onho. to properly interpret and score it0 -he internal reliability of the test frompre/ious study .as 0*(&0 -here are se/eral successful studies around the globethat utilied this scale in measuring stress le/el of their participants .hich candescribe the scale as a /alid instrument in tapping the stress le/el of .orkers0

G#eneral Procrastination $caleH created by Professor Clarry ?ay of %ork

ni/ersity, Canada, .hich is intended to measure the procrastination le/el of theparticipant is entitled0 It is a 1 point likert scale and has +' !uestions to tap thegeneral procrastination of each participant0 $e/eral studies indicated that #P$has a Cronbach alpha of 0* and test retest reliability as high as 0*'0 "


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allotted in each test .hich is +' minutes per scale0 -hen, .hen the researchersha/e reached the desired number of respondents of 1' desk .orkers, andgathered all the sur/ey response, the ans.ered !uestionnaires .ill be scored,and e/aluated through statistical analysis0

Statistical %reatment

Data gathered .ill be analyed using the $tatistical Package for $ocial$ciences /0+' 6I)M $P$$ +'80 -o compute and determine .hether there is arelationship bet.een the t.o /ariables: .orkplace stress and procrastinationle/els, the treatment to be used is Pearson5s r correlation0 or the difference,Independent -4test .ill be utilied0

&ESU*%S A(D DIS'USSI"(

-able (0 re!uency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents .hen#rouped According to -ype of 9rganiation

Demographic

ariable

re!uency Percentage

-ype of 9rganiation Public +1 1'0'

-otal

Pri/ate +1

1'

1'0'

(''0'

-able ( sho.s that the fre!uency and percentage distribution of therespondents is e!ual in the public organiation and the pri/ate organiation, bothha/ing a fre!uency of +10 @ith the total of ('' F, participants coming from thet.o organiations each had a percentage of 1'F0

-able +0 @orkplace $tress and #eneral Procrastination Mean $cores and$tandard De/iation alues .hen #rouped According to Demographic ariances

ariables Public

6$D8

Interpretation Pri/ate

6$D8

Interpretation

@orkplace $tress (*0+ 6E0E'18 ?o. +(0*' 601'8 Moderate#eneral

Procrastination 1+0( 60+'&8 Bigh E10EE 6(&0*18 Moderate=ote0 Public $D 7 Public 9rganiation $tandard De/iation, Pri/ate $D7 Pri/ate9rganiation $tandard De/iation0 @orkplace $tress: 6(1 ery lo.8 6(4+' ?o.86+(4+1 Moderate8 6+4&' Bigh8 6&(4E' ery Bigh82 #eneral Procrastination: 6(14&' ?o.8 6&(4E1 Moderate8 6E41 Bigh8

-able + sho.s .orkplace stress and general procrastination meanscores and standard de/iation /alues .hen grouped according to demographic


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/ariances0 It sho.s that participants from public organiation ha/e obtained a.ork stress mean of (*0+ .hich considered as lo. in the interpretation, follo.edby a 1+0( mean in procrastination .hich is labeled as high0 @hile pri/ateorganiation participants resulted .ith a +(0*' mean in .ork stress .hichconsidered as moderate and a mean of E10EE in procrastination .hich is

interpreted as moderate also0

In comparing the mean bet.een .orkers in the public sector andpri/ate sector, .orkplace stress mean scores by public .orkers .ere lo.er ascompared to the pri/ate .orkers .ith moderate stress le/els0 It implies thatstress e


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@orkplace stress didn5t ha/e any significant difference but in Macklandand colleagues5 study in +'', .ork stress compensation rates indicate that thepublic sector should theoretically sho. higher rates of distress as compared topri/ate sectors0 -his is due to the problematic compensation rates and benefitspublic .orkers e


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stress and general procrastination yielded a negati/e relationship0 In $irois5study, self4compassion is an additional factor that may be a contributing reasonas to .hy procrastination is positi/ely correlated to stress0

'"('*USI"(

Public employees reported as ha/ing lo. .orkplace stress le/el, .hilethey ha/e high general procrastination le/el0 -his sho.s that despite ha/ing highprocrastination, they .ere still able to handle their stresses on their .orkplace09n the other hand, pri/ate employees ha/e a moderate le/el of .orkplace stressand general procrastination, .hich tells that pri/ate employees tend to ha/e usta normal stress and procrastination0 And .ith the aid of the $P$$, this suggeststhat there are no significant differences in the .orkplace stress and generalprocrastination of .orkers .hen grouped according to type of organiation, butthere is a significant relationship bet.een .orkplace stress and general

procrastination0 -hese results mean that .e can identify and relate theprocrastination of the employee .ith their .orkplace, and /ice /ersa0

*IMI%A%I"(S "F %)E FI(DI(S

Although the research has reached its aims, there .ere some una/oidablelimitations0 irst, because of the samples, this research .as conducted .ith onlya small sie of population 6+1 public employees, +1 pri/ate employees80-herefore, as recommended for the future researchers, to generalie the resultsfor the larger group, the study should in/ol/e more participants both from pri/ate

and public organiations0 $econd, the employee5s o/erloaded .orks during thetest administration, to some e


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&EFE&E('ES

Abbasi, I0 and Alghamdi, =0 6+'(180 -he Pre/alence, Predictors, Causes,-reatments and Implications of Procrastination )eha/iors in #eneral,

Academic, and @ork $etting0 International Journal of Psychological

$tudies0 ol0 6(:+'(180 Doi: ('011&3Kips0/n(p13 Retrie/ed from:http:KKd Miro.ska, A06+'(&8 A ManagerOs #uide to @orkplaceProcrastination, E4+

-randafir, l0 6+'(18 Management of 9ccupational $tress0 )uletin $tiintific0 =o0 (6&38, pp ('&4('*0 Doi: ((0((3'K+3*33('+0+'(10'3*1

http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n159http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n159


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-ice, D0M0 )aumeister, R 6(3380 ?9=#I-DI=A? $-D% 9PR9CRA$-I=A-I9=, P"R9RMA=C", $-R"$$, A=D B"A?-B: -heCosts and )enefits of Da.dling0 Psychological $cience 6@iley4)lack.ell80=o/3, ol0 * Issue , pE1E4E1*0 1p0 ( #raph0

an "erde, @0 6+''&8 Procrastination at @ork and -ime Management -raining0Journal of Psychology0 $ep+''&, ol0 (& Issue 1, pE+(4E&E0 (Ep0 &Charts0

an @yk, ?0 6+''E8 -he Relationship bet.een Procrastination and $tress in-eachers0


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Far Eastern University Manila

Institute of Arts and Science

Department of Psychology

Dear Respondents,

We are third year BS Psychology students currently taking Industrial Psychology (PSY

115) !s part o" our re#uire$ent in the said su%&ect, 'e are 'orking on a research a%out

the Workplace Stress and eneral Procrastination o" Selected Workers in Pu%lic and

Pri*ate +rganiations- .he research is a%out kno'ing the di""erence %et'een the

organiational stress and procrastination le*els o" pu%lic and pri*ate o""ice 'orkers

In line 'ith this, 'e 'ould like to "or$ally ask "or your per$ission to participate as

respondents in our study .'o tests 'ill %e gi*en, the Workplace Stress Scale and the

!dult In*entory o" Procrastination .he tests 'ill only take 15/0 $inutes

Rest assured that the in"or$ation 'e 'ill o%tain 'ill %e used in research purposes only

and 'ill %e kept con"idential

I a$ hoping that this 'ill $erit your "a*ora%le response .hank you

Respect"ully,

!dina, 2ichael 3ake

Dela 4ru, 4laire Do$ini#ue

sguerra, !lyanna 2arie

alang, 4hristine

Palacay, 2ark 3elson

6oted %y7

Pro" 8uelle !nn +r$ita, PhD

Personal Data Sheet


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Name: ___________________________________

Age: _____________

Please check all that apply to you:

Sex: Male: _____ Female: _____

Job Information:

Work Setting:

Public/Government: ______ Private: ______

Name of Company: __________________________________________

Documents

Workplace Stress and General Procrastination Among Workers in Public and Private Organizations