Workplace Health and SafetyWorkplace Health and Safety

• Health• Safety • Security

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesThis unit should assist you in the following ways:

1. Define health, safety, and security and the young workers program.

2. Identify the basic provisions of occupational health and safety legislation, recordkeeping, and inspection requirements.

3. Discuss the issues surrounding hazard control including WHMIS.

4. Explain workplace violence as a security issue and describe some components of an effective security program.

5. Discuss the activities that make up effective safety management.

6. Describe three workplace health issues and how employers are responding to them.

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

6. Describe three workplace health issues and how employers are responding to them.

Health, Safety, and SecurityHealth, Safety, and Security

• Health– A general state of physical, mental, and emotional

well-being.• Safety

– A condition in which the physical well-being of people is protected.

• Security– The protection of employees and organizational

facilities.

Typical Division of HR Responsibilities:Typical Division of HR Responsibilities:Health, Safety, and SecurityHealth, Safety, and Security

Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health LegislationLegislation

• Occupational Health and Safety Act

– All employees have three fundamental rights

• Right to know

• Right to participate

• Right to refuse work

• Duty of Employers, Owners and Contractors

– Due diligence: Employers shall take all reasonable precautions under the particular circumstances to prevent injuries or accidents in the workplace.

Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety LegislationLegislation

• Duties of Supervisors

– Advising workers of possible hazards

– Providing training and written instruction

– Ensuring worker compliance with OH&S Act and use or wearing of safety equipment, devices or clothing

– Imposing discipline for continuous safety infractions when necessary

• Duties of Workers

– Compliance with the OH&S Act and regulations. Use safety equipment and clothes properly, follow all safety procedures, report hazards and accidents, etc.

Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety LegislationLegislation

• Duties of Joint Health and Safety Committee– Required in nine jurisdictions in Canada– Role is to provide a neutral environment where labour

and management can work together to create a safe and healthy workplace

– Require equal employee/employer representation– Required to meet regularly to deal with worker health

and safety concerns, identify risks, perform routine workplace inspections and resolve work refusals

Proportion of all Occupational Injuries by Proportion of all Occupational Injuries by Province, Territory 2000Province, Territory 2000

Compensation Rates and Methods

Compensation Rates and Methods

Social GoalsSocial GoalsFirst Aid Requirements

AndReporting to WCB

First Aid Requirements And

Reporting to WCB

Controlling CostsControlling Costs

Workers’ Workers’ CompensationCompensation

Workers’ Workers’ CompensationCompensation

Workers’ CompensationWorkers’ CompensationWorkers’ CompensationWorkers’ Compensation

Proportion of Fatal Injuries by Industry Proportion of Fatal Injuries by Industry Sectors Under Federal Jurisdiction in Sectors Under Federal Jurisdiction in

Canada from 1998 to 2002Canada from 1998 to 2002 Fig. 13-5Fig. 13-5

Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety Legislation Legislation

• Workplace Inspections– No warrant/notice required– Thorough examination of the physical condition of the workplace

by the inspector, usually accompanied by both employer and worker representatives

• Child Labour and Health and Safety– Concern for health and safety of young workers is real

• Penalties for Violation of OH&S Law– Federally, person fines range between $100,000 to $1,000,000

and/or two years’ jail term on indictment– Corporation fine > $500,000 – Bill C-45 will increase incidents of jail time

Hazard ControlHazard Control

• Safety Hazards– Any force strong enough to cause injury in an

accident. An injury caused by a safety hazard is usually obvious.

• Occupational Health Hazard – Any material or condition that may cause occupational

injuries and/or illness. Includes chemicals (addressed by WHMIS training), physical agents, ergonomic hazards, and other stress agents.

Occupational Health HazardsOccupational Health Hazards

Eliminate hazards

Control the hazard

Protect workers from the hazard

Workplace Hazardous Materials Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)Information System (WHMIS)

LABELS

MATERIAL AFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)

TRAINING

Hazard ControlHazard Control

Lockout/tagoutLockout/tagoutLockout/tagoutLockout/tagout

Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)

ErgonomicsErgonomicsErgonomicsErgonomics

Requirement that locks and tags be used to Requirement that locks and tags be used to make equipment inoperative for repair or make equipment inoperative for repair or adjustment.adjustment.

Requirement that locks and tags be used to Requirement that locks and tags be used to make equipment inoperative for repair or make equipment inoperative for repair or adjustment.adjustment.

Study and design of the work environment Study and design of the work environment to address physiological and physical to address physiological and physical demands on individuals.demands on individuals.

Study and design of the work environment Study and design of the work environment to address physiological and physical to address physiological and physical demands on individuals.demands on individuals.

Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a hazard.hazard.

Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a hazard.hazard.

Cumulative Stress Cumulative Stress Disorders (CTDs)Disorders (CTDs)

Cumulative Stress Cumulative Stress Disorders (CTDs)Disorders (CTDs)

Protection from muscle and skeletal Protection from muscle and skeletal injuries from repetitive tasks.injuries from repetitive tasks.

Protection from muscle and skeletal Protection from muscle and skeletal injuries from repetitive tasks.injuries from repetitive tasks.

SecuritySecurity

• Top Security Concerns at Work:

– Workplace violence

– Internet/intranet security

– Business interruption/disaster recovery

– Fraud/white collar crime

– Employee selection/screening concerns

Security Concerns at WorkSecurity Concerns at Work

DomesticDomesticCausesCauses

DomesticDomesticCausesCauses

Management Management ResponsesResponses

Management Management ResponsesResponses

WorkplaceWorkplaceViolenceViolenceIssuesIssues

WorkplaceWorkplaceViolenceViolenceIssuesIssues

Training in Detection Training in Detection and Preventionand Prevention

Training in Detection Training in Detection and Preventionand Prevention

Profile of a Potentially Violent EmployeeProfile of a Potentially Violent Employee

Security ManagementSecurity Management

SecuritySecurityAuditAudit

SecuritySecurityAuditAudit

Controlled Controlled Access Access

Controlled Controlled Access Access

ComputerComputerSecuritySecurity

ComputerComputerSecuritySecurity

WorkplaceWorkplaceSecuritySecurity

WorkplaceWorkplaceSecuritySecurity

Safety ManagementSafety Management

Inspection, Investigation and

Evaluation

Inspection, Investigation and

Evaluation

Safety Policies, Discipline,

Record Keeping

Safety Policies, Discipline,

Record Keeping

Participation (Safety

Committees)

Participation (Safety

Committees)

Trainingand

Communication

Trainingand

Communication

OrganizationalOrganizationalCommitment and Commitment and a Safety Culturea Safety Culture

OrganizationalOrganizationalCommitment and Commitment and a Safety Culturea Safety Culture

Approaches to Effective Safety Management

Accident Investigations at WorkAccident Investigations at Work

Employee Health and WellnessEmployee Health and Wellness

StressStressStressStress

Emotional/Emotional/Mental HealthMental Health

Emotional/Emotional/Mental HealthMental Health

Job StressorsJob StressorsJob StressorsJob Stressors

Reactions to Reactions to StressStress

Reactions to Reactions to StressStress

WorkplaceWorkplaceHealth Health IssuesIssues

WorkplaceWorkplaceHealth Health IssuesIssues

Selye’s General Adaptation SyndromeSelye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

Source: Adapted from Hans Selye, The Stress of Life, McGraw-Hill, 1976. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse

• Substance abuse– Use of illicit substances or misuse of

controlled substances, alcohol, or other drugs

• Substance Abuse, Testing and Legislation– “strong reasonable cause”– safety sensitive positions– “accommodate the needs”

Common Signs of Substance AbuseCommon Signs of Substance Abuse

Direct and Indirect Costs as a Direct and Indirect Costs as a Result of StressResult of Stress

Employee Health and WellnessEmployee Health and Wellness

• Stress Management– Encompasses techniques to equip a person

with effective coping mechanisms for dealing with psychological stress.

• Workplace Air Quality– “Sealed” buildings, reduced airflow,

inadequate ventilation, airborne contamination, presence of chemicals and substances.

Employee Health and WellnessEmployee Health and Wellness

• Health Promotion– A supportive approach of facilitating and encouraging

healthy actions and lifestyles among employees.• Wellness Programs

– Programs designed to maintain or improve employee health before problems arise.

• Employee Assistance Program (EAP)– Program that provides counseling and other help to

employees having emotional, physical, or other personal problems.

Health Promotion LevelsHealth Promotion Levels