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Working with Formulas and FunctionsLesson 5Learning GoalsThe goal of this lesson is for students to successfully work with formulas and functions in Microsoft Excel 2010.The student will learn to apply build formulas and apply functions to summarize data in a worksheet. Learning ObjectivesBuild FormulasCopy FormulasUse absolute and relative cell referencesEdit formulasUse the SUM and AutoSum functionsInsert Date FunctionsUsing conditional logic in a formulaUnderstand basic statistical functionsWork with three-dimensional functionsFormulas A formula instructs the software to perform a calculationExample: =A1+A2Formulas begin with the equal sign (=) or in some cases the plus (+)

Formulas using the following operators:Addition: +Division: / Multiplication: *Subtraction: - These are also know as arithmetic operators Order of Operations Calculations are performed according to the Order of OperationsParenthesesExponentsMultiplication and division (from left to right)Addition and subtraction (from left to right)

Order of Operations continuedEx:In the equation =5+2*3, the result is 11 because the multiplication operation is performed first and then added to the number 5.To change the order of operations, simply place parentheses around the part of the formula to calculated first. Ex: =(5+2)*3, the results are 21 because you add what is in the parentheses first and then multiply it by 3. ProblemWhich operation would be performed first in the following equation?=(A8+C9)/(H8-L9)Formula BarThe formula bar allows you to key in the formula. You may also key a formula directly into a cell. Formulas are not case specific. They may be keyed in upper or lower case.

8Building FormulasWhen entering a formula can use the point and click method, that is similar to entering a formula manually into a cell, instead of using the formula bar.

Using both the equal and plus sign in an equation will give you the same results.

Copying FormulasCopying formulas prevents repeated entry of the same formula. Most formulas contain relative references (cells that will change) that will automatically adjust to the pasted area. Hot KeysCopy: CTRL + CPaste: CTRL + V

Working with Cell ReferencesA cell reference indicates a cells location and provides instructions for how cell data is copied or used in calculations. Working with Cell References continuedRelative Cell ReferenceA relative cell reference means that the cell value changes relative to the cell in which it is copied. Absolute Cell ReferenceAn absolute cell reference means that the cell value remains constant when copied to another cell or used in a formula. Ex. $A$3Toggle Absolute Reference: F4Editing FormulasA formula can be edited any time after it has been created. You may change it in the formula bar or by double clicking the cell the formula is located and making the changes there. Hot KeyEdit Mode F2Exploring Functions A function is a special formula that does not use arithmetic operators to calculate a result. It is also known as a shortcut formula. An argument is a value that provides information to an action, event, method, property, function, or procedure. Basic Statistical FunctionsAddition Function: = SUM()Average Function: =AVERAGE()Maximum Function: =MAX()Minimum Function: =MIN()Count Function: =COUNT()AutoSum AutoSum allows you select a set of cells relative to cell the function is located in to be added. It resembles the Greek letter sigma and can be found in the editing group on the Home tab. Hot Key: ALT + =

Date Functions=NOW() returns the current date and time format as date and time to be used in calculations rather than a label (constant).=TODAY() returns the current date as a date.We will look at explanation in the Excel help menu to explain how date and time are based upon the computer systems date and time. Logical and 3D FormulasLesson 5: Working with Formulas and Functions19Using Logic in Formulas A logical function is one that can return a true value or a false value. They are usually used in doing comparisons and seeing if things are equal to each other or not, or which is higher or lower. The logical functions that Excel provides are:

TRUE FALSE AND OR NOT IF

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Define_logical_function_in_excel#ixzz1YMRb8U4U20Comparison OperatorsExcel uses comparison operators in logical functionsEqual to: =Not equal to: Greater than: >Less than: =Less than or equal to: 10,"Over 10","10 or less") returns "Over 10" if A1 is greater than 10, and "10 or less" if A1 is less than or equal to 10.Syntax: =IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)

22IF Statement Logical_Testlogical_test: Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. For example, A10=100 is a logical expression; if the value in cell A10 is equal to 100, the expression evaluates to TRUE. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to FALSE. This argument can use any comparison operator.

23IF Statements Value_IF_TRUEvalue_if_true:The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE. For example, if the value of this argument is the text string "Within budget" and the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE, the IF function returns the text "Within budget." If logical_test evaluates to TRUE and the value_if_true argument is omitted (that is, there is only a comma following the logical_test argument), the IF function returns 0 (zero). To display the word TRUE, use the logical value TRUE for the value_if_true argument.

24IF Statements Value_IF_Falsevalue_if_false:The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE. For example, if the value of this argument is the text string "Over budget" and the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE, the IF function returns the text "Over budget." If logical_test evaluates to FALSE and the value_if_false argument is omitted, (that is, there is no comma following the value_if_true argument), the IF function returns the logical value FALSE. If logical_test evaluates to FALSE and the value of the value_if_false argument is omitted (that is, in the IF function, there is no comma following the value_if_true argument), the IF function returns the value 0 (zero).

253D Formula A reference that refers to the same cell or range on multiple worksheets is called a 3D reference. Using 3D formulas allows you to calculate data throughout a workbook using multiple worksheets. All 3D formulas are based on the syntax: Sheet1:Sheet4!A2:B5. A 3D formula is a formula that refers to the same cell (or range of cells) on multiple worksheets. The 3D formula "=SUM(Sheet1:Sheet4!A2)" can be used to add up the numbers in cell "A2" on 4 different worksheets. 3D Formula

26Answer Key:FALSE The / (forward slash) is the division operator. FALSE Absolute references are fixed references. TRUETRUEFALSE The IF function is a logical function.True/FalseThe arithmetic operator, *, instructs Excel to perform a division operation. In Excel 2010, fixed references are referred to as relative references. The = (equal) symbol is used to signify the beginning of a formula. When a small black square appears in the lower-right corner of the cell, information may be filled using the fill handle. The If function is considered a financial function. Test Your KnowledgeTest Your KnowledgeMultiple Choice

If the year 35 is entered into a worksheet, Excel automatically changes it to the four-digit year of _____. a. 1735b. 1935c. 2035d. 2135When the insert worksheet command is selected, where is the new sheet inserted? a. ^b. *c. %d. >Each time a value is entered into the worksheet, Excel automatically ____ formulas. a. Includes the number inb. Recalculates oldc. Recalculates newd. Recalculates allWhich button on the Home Ribbon will allow additional decimal spaces to be displayed? a. Alignmentb. Increase decimalc. Comma ( , ) styled. Currency Style Which symbol is displayed throughout a cell when there is not enough width to accommodate the entry? a. #b. *c. +d. &Answer Key:

B (1935) D ( > ) D (Recalculate All) B (Increase decimal) A ( # ) Addition FunctionAverage FunctionMaximum FunctionMinimum FunctionCount FunctionFormulaAddition (+)Division ( / )Multiplication (*)Subtraction (-)Order of OperationsFormula BarCell ReferenceRelative Cell ReferenceAbsolute Cell ReferenceFunctionArgumentStatistical FunctionsAuto SumLogical FunctionIFLogical_TestValue_If_TrueValue_If_False3D Formula3D ReferenceVocabulary WordsPlease add the following vocabulary terms to your list of terms and definitions. Quizlet is a great source for hosting vocabulary.29Complete the following assignments.When complete, save and submit.

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