WORKING CONDITIONS OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF WOMEN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS WOMEN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

IN TURKISH ATM SYSTEMIN TURKISH ATM SYSTEM

Dr. Ugur TURHANDr. Ugur TURHAN

Anadolu UniversityAnadolu UniversitySchool of Civil AviationSchool of Civil AviationAir Traffic Control Dept.Air Traffic Control Dept.uturhan@anadolu.edu.truturhan@anadolu.edu.tr

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ContentsContents►Air Traffic Controller’s (ATCOs) JobAir Traffic Controller’s (ATCOs) Job►Positive Side of the JobPositive Side of the Job►Negative Side of the JobNegative Side of the Job►Turkish ATM (Air Traffic Management) Turkish ATM (Air Traffic Management)

SystemSystem►Working ConditionsWorking Conditions►Population of Women ATCOsPopulation of Women ATCOs►Women’s PerformanceWomen’s Performance►Problem AreasProblem Areas►How Can Be Improved the ConditionsHow Can Be Improved the Conditions

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Air Traffic Controller’s (ATCOs) Air Traffic Controller’s (ATCOs) JobJob

►Safe, efficient and fast flow of air Safe, efficient and fast flow of air traffic,traffic,

►Advanced technology based,Advanced technology based,►Complex, coordinated and intensive Complex, coordinated and intensive

information sharing,information sharing,►Effects all of the aviation operations,Effects all of the aviation operations,►Human factors are important,Human factors are important,►Requires spesific skills and training.Requires spesific skills and training.

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Air Traffic Controller’s JobAir Traffic Controller’s Job

Push back from the gate and taxiing for

take-off

Climbing and leaving terminal area

Cruise flight

Descending and approaching

Landing and taxiing to the gate

Aerodrome Control

Terminal Approach Control

Area Control

Terminal Approach Control

Aerodrome Control

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Positive Points of the JobPositive Points of the Job

►Unique job,Unique job,►Managing all of the traffics,Managing all of the traffics,►Very important role in aviation Very important role in aviation

operations,operations,►High performance and satisfaction,High performance and satisfaction,►Self confidence,Self confidence,►To be member of a minority group.To be member of a minority group.

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Negative Points of the JobNegative Points of the Job

►One of the most stressful jobs,One of the most stressful jobs,►Workload and shift working,Workload and shift working,►Fatique,Fatique,►Error fear,Error fear,►Effects social and family life.Effects social and family life.

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Turkish ATM SystemTurkish ATM System

►Turkish airspace is air bridge between Turkish airspace is air bridge between Europe and Asia,Europe and Asia,

►Air traffic density is increasing every Air traffic density is increasing every year,year,

►Developing hardware and software,Developing hardware and software,►Human resources shortage,Human resources shortage,►Highly human performance based.Highly human performance based.

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Working Working ConditionsConditions

TurkeyTurkey FranceFranceGermanGerman

yy GreeceGreece ItalyItalyEurocoEuroco

ntnt

Number of working Number of working hours/weekhours/week 4242 3232

33,5-33,5-3636 3333 3535 37h3037h30

Break hours included in 1Break hours included in 1 -- 8h8h 0-6h300-6h30 7h7h 12h12h NANA

Max length of a day shiftsMax length of a day shifts 11h3011h30 11h11h 9h9h 6h306h30 10h10h 10h10h

Max length of a night shiftsMax length of a night shifts 13h3013h30 12h12h 9h9h 9h9h 11h11h 10h10h

Alloved to sleepAlloved to sleep NoNo Y-3hY-3h Y-1h30Y-1h30 YesYes NoNo YesYes

Min time off btn 2 shiftsMin time off btn 2 shifts 12h12h 48h48h 11h11h 9h9h 7h7h 11h11h

Max consecutive working Max consecutive working timetime 22 33 66 44 66 55

Min length of a breakMin length of a break 2h2h 0h300h30 0h300h30 1h1h 0h300h30 %25%25

Days paid leave/yearDays paid leave/year 20-3020-30 63+1063+10 3333 2525 23-3223-32 24-3024-30

Sick leaveSick leave 3-403-40 1-1801-180 3-263-26 1-901-90 66 3-303-30

Pregnancy leavePregnancy leave 3mnth3mnth 16-26w16-26w 6mnth6mnth 20w20w 5mnth5mnth 3mnth3mnth

Parental leaveParental leave6week6week

ss 3years3years 5years5years NoNo 6m-3y6m-3y NoNo

Salary max (Euro)Salary max (Euro) 13001300 18001800 39503950 NANA 37003700 69006900

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Population of Women ATCOsPopulation of Women ATCOs

PositionPosition WomenWomen MenMen

Chief cont.Chief cont. 1212 4444

ControllerController 213213 368368

Assitant cont.Assitant cont. 2424 3333

Trainee cont.Trainee cont. 2525 6767

TotalTotal 274274 512512

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Women’s PerformanceWomen’s Performance

Comparison of controllers thaughts for individual job related qualificaitons

  N Ort S sd t p

Men 166 4,101 ,463256 ,866 ,387

Women 92 4,050 ,424

No significant difference between women and men scores.r (p>.05).

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Problem AreasProblem Areas

Comparing job environment related scores between men and women controllers thaughts

  N Ort S sd t p

Men 165 2,999 0,715257 2,395 0,017

Women 94 2,789 0,607

Significant difference found between women and men controllers. Women feels more negative than men.

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Problem AreasProblem Areas Job environment related controller thaughts scores

N Average S. Dev.

I feel that harmony in my team increases my performance. 258 4,562 0,778

Controller quantity in my team is deficient. 258 4,260 1,129

Daily working time is higher than normal. 259 4,208 1,179

I am having positive feedback about my performance from my team mates. 256 3,926 1,043

Shiftwork negatively effects my life. 258 3,779 1,393

I am having positive feedback about my performance from the chief. 250 3,772 1,199

The stress in my job negatively effects my life. 259 3,591 1,304

My job performance decreaeses during peak traffic periods. 258 2,996 1,399

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Problem AreasProblem Areas

► Controller shortage,Controller shortage,► Job is not well known,Job is not well known,► Team members performance level,Team members performance level,► General vacation days=peak traffic and no leaveGeneral vacation days=peak traffic and no leave► Working environment,Working environment,► Rest rooms are not individual,Rest rooms are not individual,► Canteens are closed during night shift,Canteens are closed during night shift,► Children day-care and schools?Children day-care and schools?► Husband works in another team or different job,Husband works in another team or different job,► During pregnancy she has to work……..During pregnancy she has to work……..

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How Can How Can Be Improved the Be Improved the ConditionsConditions

► Controller shortage should be corrected with Controller shortage should be corrected with adequate (quantity and qualificated) people,adequate (quantity and qualificated) people,

► Effective selection and training,Effective selection and training,► Traffic capacity and human resources should be Traffic capacity and human resources should be

balanced,balanced,► Working environment should be improved (working Working environment should be improved (working

and resting),and resting),► New regulations for the family and social life,New regulations for the family and social life,► During pregnancy and after birth they should be During pregnancy and after birth they should be

supported,supported,► Cure in 3-4 years can be implemented,Cure in 3-4 years can be implemented,► Income should be raised,Income should be raised,► Their job satisfaction should be evaluated Their job satisfaction should be evaluated

periodically…….periodically…….

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Thank you!Thank you!uturhan@anadolu.edu.truturhan@anadolu.edu.tr