Selected ReferencesConstitution Writing and Conflict Resolution

This bibliography provides an introduction to the expansive literature on constitution writing.

“Accord draws mixed reactions in war-weary Bosnia” CNN: The Balkan Tragedy 22 November 1995. (http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/Bosnia/updates/nov95/11-21/reax/index/html, accessed 1 September 2002).

Abada, Nguele. “Ruptures continuities constitutionnelles en republique de cameroun reflexions a propos de la reforme constitutionnelle du 18 janvier 1996,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 50, 3(1996): 272-293.

Abbas, Hassan. Poleaxe or Politics of the Eighth Amendment 1985-1997. Lahore, Pakistan: Watandost, 1997.

Abbas, Zaffar. “Analysis: Musharraf sidelines parliament.” BBC News, August 21, 2002. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2207859.stm , accessed December 2, 2002.

Abbink, Jon. “Ethnicity and Constitutionalism in Contemporary Ethiopia,” Journal of African Law, 41, 2 (1997): 159-174.

Abdullo, Rashid. Implementation of the 1997 General Agreement: Successes, dilemmas and challenges. “The Inter-Tajik dialogue: From civil war towards civil society.” Accord 10 (2001). Available from http://www.c-r.org/accord/tajik/accord10/inter.htm , accessed December 6, 2002.

Abdulai, David. “Rawlings ‘Wins’ Ghana’s Presidential Elections: Establishing a New Constitutional Order,” Africa Today, 4 (1992): 66-71.

Abi-Saab, Georges. “Namibia and International Law: An Overview,” African Yearbook of International Law, edited by Abdulqawi A. Yusuf, 1 (1993): 3-11.

Achard, Diego. La Transicion en Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1995.

Ackerman, Bruce. “Constitutional Economics—Constitutional Politics,” Constitutional Political Economy, 10 (1999): 415-424.

Adams, Kif Augustine. “What is Just?: The Rule of Law and Natural Law in the Trials of Former East German Border Guards,” Stanford Journal of International Law, 29 (1993): 271-314.

Addi, Lahouari. L’Algerie et la democratie: Pouvoir et crise du politique dans l’algerie contemporaine. Paris: Editions la Decouverte, 1995.

Addruse, Raja Abdul Aziz. “Does our constitution provide for adequate representation for opposing and varied interests in parliament?” The Malayan Law Journal, 42, 1 (1976): lxxviii-lxxxi.

Afari-Gyan, Kwadwo. The Making of the Fourth Republican Constitution of Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 1995.

Afghanistan Today. Loya Jirgah (Grand Assembly) Documents. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Today Publishers, 1987.

Agh, Attila. Emerging Democracies in East Central Europe and the Balkans. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, (1998).

Agh, Attila. “Hungary: in the midst of systemic change,” pp. 151-167 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-Communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Agh, Attila. “The Permanent “Constitutional Crisis” in the Democratic Transition: The Case of Hungary,” pp. 297-326 in Joachim J. Hesse and Nevil Johnson eds. Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Agh, Attila. The Politics of Central Europe. London: Sage Publications, 1998.

Agranoff, Robert. “Constitutionalism in Spain: Transition and Consolidation of a State of Autonomies,” pp. 241-286 in in Bertus de Villiers and Jabu Sindane, eds., Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

Ahdieh, Robert B. Russia’s Constitutional Revolution: Legal Consciousness and the Transition to Democracy, 1985-1996. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1997.

Ahluwalia, Pal. “Uganda: Movement politics or one-party state?” Africa Quarterly 40, 3 (2000): 67-84.

Ahmad, Masud. Pakistan: A Study of Its Constitutional History (1857-1975). Lahore, Pakistan: Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab, 1978.

Ahmad, Mushtaq. Politics of Crisis. Karachi, Pakistan: Royal Book Company, 1987.

AIM Press. “A new ethnic block in Macedonia? The Macedonian coalition together?” www.aimpress.org/dyn/trae/archive/data/199806/80604-029-trae-sko.htm, accessed on October 3, 2002.

Aikman, C.C. “Constitutional developments in the Cook Islands.” In Pacific Constitutions: Proceedings of the Canberra Law Workshop VI, edited by Peter Sack. Canberra: Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 1982, 87-96.

Akbarzadeh, Shahram. “National identity and political legitimacy in Turkmenistan.” Nationalities Papers 27, 2 (June 1999): 271-290.

Akhtar, Hasan. “Stormiest sitting; first division.” Dawn (Karachi), September 9, 1985.

Akimov, Vladimir. “Kazakh constitution amended to liberalize political system.” ITAR-TASS, October 8, 1998.

Akindele, Rafiu A. “The Constituent Assembly and the 1989 Constitution.” In Transition Without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida, edited by Larry Diamond, Anthony Kirk-Greene, and Oyeleye Oyediran. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997: 105-128.

Alhaj, Abdullah Juma. “The Political Elite and the Introduction of Political Participation in Oman,” Middle East Policy, 7, 3 (2000), 97-110.

Alhaj, Abdullah Juma. “The Politics of Participation in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: the Omani Consultative Council,” Middle East Journal, 50, 4 (1996), 559-571.

Al-Hibri, Azizah Y., “Islamic Constitutionalism and the Concept of Democracy,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 24, 1 (1992): 1-138.

Ali, Arif. “News from the Gulf Region: Oman Highlights Aspects of Basic Law,” Financial Times, Global News Wire, October 18, 1999.

Allcock, John B., Milivojevic, Marko, Horton, John J. eds. Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia, An Encyclopedia. Denver: ABC-CLIO, (1998). pp. 50-63, 161-163, 216-223, 262-268, 272-276.

Allen, Calvin H. Jr. and Rigsbee, W. Lynn III. Oman Under Qaboos, from Coup to Constitution, 1900-1996, London: Frank Cass, 2000.

Allen, Tom. “Commonwealth Constitutions and Implied Social and Economic Rights,” African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1994: 555-570.

Allouache, A. and W. Laggoune. “La Revision constitutionnelle du 23 fevrier 1989,” Revue algerienne des sciences juridiques economiques et politiques, xxv111, 4 (1990): 753-773.

Al-Mahdi, Khaled. “Politics- Yemen: upcoming vote on constitution stirs opposition,” Inter Press Service, February 14, 2001.

Al-Mehaimeed, Ali M. “The Constitutional System of Saudi Arabia: A Conspectus,” Arab Law Quarterly, 8, 1 (1993): 30-36.

Al-Muhairi, Butti Sultan Butti Ali. “The Position of Shari’a within the UAE Constitution and the Federal Court’s Application of the Constitutional Clause Concerning Shari’a,” Arab Law Quarterly, 11, 3 (1996): 219-244.

Altstadt, Audrey L. “Azerbaijan’s Struggle Toward Democracy,” pp. 110-155, in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott. Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Alvarado, Alcides. La Constitucion y sus Reformas. La Paz, Bolivia: Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Politicas, 1994.

Amar, Akhil Reed. “Philadelphia Revisited: Amending the Constitution Outside Article V,” University of Chicago Law Review, 55 (1988): 1043-1104.

American Bar Association. Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI). “Analysis of the 1998 Draft Constitution for the Republic of Albania,” Washington, D.C., American Bar Association, (unpublished manuscript) September 17, 1998.

American Bar Association. Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI). “Analysis of the August 1995 Draft Constitution for the Republic of Kazakhstan,” Washington, D.C., American Bar Association, (unpublished manuscript) August 28, 1995.

American Bar Association. Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI). “Analysis of the Draft Constitution for the Republic of Tajikistan,” Washington, D.C., American Bar Association, (unpublished manuscript) October 17, 1994.

Ameyibor, Edward. “Ghana: Gearing to Write a New Constitution.” Inter Press Service, June 13, 1991.

Amirouche, Hamou. “Algeria’s Islamist Revolution: The People Versus Democracy?” Middle East Policy, 5, 4 (1998): 82-103.

Amrahgizi, Elmira. “The Making of Democracy: Azerbaijan to adopt its first constitution.” Azerbaijan International 3, 3 (Autumn 1995). Available from http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazines/33_folder/33_articles/33_democracy.html, accessed June 24, 2003.

An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. “Constitutionalism and Islamization in the Sudan,” Third World Legal Studies, 1998: 99-118.

An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. “The National Question, Secession and Constitutionalism: The Mediation of Competing Claims to Self-Determination,” pp. 105-125 in Douglas Greenberg, et. al., Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Anand, J.P. “Afghan Republic’s New Constitution.” News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean, March 1977: 209-212.

Anckar, Dag, Anckar, Carsten and Nilsson, Lars. “Constitutional and Political Life in the Republic of Belau,” Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives and Area Studies, 17, Je/S (1998), 75-97.

Anckar, Dag, Anckar, Carsten. “Democracies without Parties,” Comparative Political Studies, 33, 2 (2000), 225-247.

Anderson, John. “Authoritarian Political Development in Central Asia: The Case of Turkmenistan,” Central Asian Survey, 14, 4 (1995), 509-527.

Anderson, John. “Constitutional Development in Central Asia,” Central Asian Survey, 16, 3 (1997), 301-320.

Anderson, John. Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia’s Island of Democracy? Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.

Anderson, Thomas P. Politics in Central America: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Revised Edition. New York: Praeger, 1988.

Aniagolu, Anthony Nnaemezie. The Making of the 1989 Constitution of Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited, 1993. (excerpts, 20-35, 78-92, 148-192, 202-251)

Angeli, Fyodor. “Moldovan parliament calls political parties to civic accord.” ITAR-TASS, February 16, 1993.

Angeli, Fyodor. “Moldova continues to discuss draft new constitution.” ITAR-TASS, April 20, 1993.

Antara—The Indonesian National News Agency. Moslems excluded from E. Timor’s Presidential Election, 15 April 2002 (accessed via LexisNexis, November 2, 2002). Antara—The Indonesian National News Agency. UNTAET urged to socialize E. Timor’s Draft Constitution, 23 February 2002 (accessed via LexisNexis, November 2, 2002).

Anyangwe, Carlson, “The Zambian Constitution and the Principles of Constitutional Authochthony and Supremacy,” Zambia Law Journal, 29 (1997): 1-32

Anyaoku, Emeka. “Briefings: The Making of a New Constitution for Zimbabwe,” Review of African Political Economy, 83 (2000): 1999.

Arato, Andrew and Miklosi, Zoltan. “Constitution Making in Hungary,” DRAFT, United States Institute of Peace Working Group on Constitution Making, Peace Building and National Reconciliation, May 31, 2002.

Arato, Andrew. Civil Society, Constitution, and Legitimacy. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2000.

Arato, Andrew. “Dilemmas Arising from the Power to Create Constitutions in Eastern Europe,” Cardozo Law Review, 14 (1993).

Arato, Andrew. “Forms of Constitution Making and Theories of Democracy,” Cardozo Law Review, 17 (1995): 191-225.*

Arato, Andrew. “Parliamentary Constitution Making in Hungary,” East European Constitutional Review, Fall 1995: 45-51. *

Arato, Andrew and Zoltan Miklosi.. “Constitution Making in Hungary,” DRAFT, United States Institute of Peace Working Group on Constitution Making, Peace Building and National Reconciliation, May 31, 2002.

Ardayev, Vladimir. “Discussion of draft new constitution in Kazakhstan.” Russian Press Digest, November 13, 1992.

“Argentina: Menem Wants a Second Term,” The Economist; London; October 2, 2993. Vol. 329, Issue 7831.

Armstrong, Arthur J. “Current Development: The Negotiations for the Future Political Status of Micronesia,” The American Journal international Law, 74, (1980), 689-693.

Armstrong, Arthur J. and Hills, Howard L. “Current Development: The Negotiations for the Future Political Status of Micronesia (1980-1984),” The American Journal International Law, 78, (1984), 484-497. Ariffin, Kamarul. “Does Our Constitution Provide for Adequate Representation for Opposing and Varied Interests in Parliament? Commentary,” The Malayan Law Journal, 42, 1 (1976): lxxxiii-lxxxv.

Arinanto, Satya. “Indonesia: democratization of Constitutional and Political Life Since the 1992 General Election and the 1993 Plenary Session of the People’s Consultative Assembly,” pp. 55-70 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1995.

Askari, M.H. “A Constitution for Afghanistan.” Defence Journal, 13, 12 (1987): 16-19.

Associates in Rural Development. “The Transition to Democratic Governance in Tanzania: An Assessment and Guidelines for Near-Term Action,”Report Prepared for the U.S. Agency for International Development. Draft Report of March 15, 1994.

Atchison, Dana Dallas. “Notes on Constitutionalism for a 21st Century President,” Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law, 16, (1998): 239-

Atkin, George. “Still Confusion as Solomons Independence Gets ‘All Clear’.” Pacific Islands Monthly, November 1977.*

Atkin, Muriel. “Thwarted Democratization in Tajikistan,” pp. 277-311 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Causcasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Atkin, Muriel. “Token Constitutionalism and Islamic Opposition in Tajikistan,” [working paper, nd.].

Atovulloyev, Dododzhon. “Tajikistan: Pilaf Soup.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, October 27, 1999.

Augel, Johannes. “Guinea-Bissau expects its first democratic elections.” In Transicao Democratica na Guine-Bissau: e outros ensaios, edited by Johannes Augel and Carlos Cardoso. Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pequista, 1996: 41-52.

Austin, Reginald. “Constitution-Making, Peace Building and National Reconciliation, Zimbabwe,” United States Institute of Peace, Working Group on Constitution Making, Peace Building, and National Reconciliation, n.d.

Ayupova, Zaure. “A Concise Essay on the History of State and Law Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan,” Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law, 6, 49 (1998): 49-63.

Ayupova, Zaure. “Constitutional Liberties in the Republic of Kazakhstan,” Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law, 6, 49 (1998): 77-86.

Ayupova, Zaure. “The Republic of Kazakhstan: Six Years of Independent Development,” Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law, 6, 49 (1998): 65-76.

Azevedo, Mario J. “Ethnicity and Democratization in Congo and Chad (1945-1995),” pp. 157-182 in Kidane Mengisteab and Cyril Daddieh, State Building and Democratization in Africa: Faith, Hope and Realities. Wesport, CT: Praeger, 1999.

Baab, Craig H. “The Draft Constitution of Kazakhstan, the Law on Public Associations, and the Establishment of Free Trade Unions.” Central Asia Monitor 1992, 6: 6-9.

**Baaklini, Abdo I. The Brazilian Legislature and Political System (1992) contains info on drafting of Brazilian Constitution.

Baali, Abdallah. "The Algerian Constitution: a Constitution Based on theSeparation of Powers and the Protection of Individual Freedoms" TheReview of the International Commission of Jurists, 60, Special Issue(1998): 103-112.

Babiy, Olga. “Kazakh draft constitution discussed with Americans.” ITAR-TASS, January 8, 1992

Bacon, Walter M., Jr. “Romanian Civil-Military Relations after 1989,” pp.181-200 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Bagenda, Prince. “The Ruling Party and the Transition to Multiparty System in Tanzania,” pp. 64-xx in Max Mmuya, ed., The Functional Dimension of the Democratization Process: Tanzania and Kenya, With Some Experiences from Eastern Europe. Dar es Salaam: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and University Press, University of Dar es Salaam, 1994.

Baimakhanov, M.T. “Problemy voploshcheniia printsipov pravovogo gosudarstva v Konstitutsii Kazakhstana.” Gosudarstvo I Pravo 62 (1992): 3-10.

Baishev, Zholymbet. Sudebnaija zashchita konstitusii. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Zhety-Zharghy, 1994.

Baker, Pauline. “Conflict Resolution versus Democratic Governance: Divergent Paths to Peace?” in Chester Crocker and Fen Osler Hampson with Pamela Aall, eds., Managing Global Chaos: Sources of and Responses to International Conflict. Washington, D.C.” United States Institute of Peace, 1996

Ballantyne, W. M. “The Constitutions of the Gulf States: A Comparative Study,” Arab Law Quarterly, 1, 2 (1986): 158-176.

Banac, Ivo. East European Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Banegas, Richard. “Retour sur une ‘transition modele’: Les dynamiques du dedans et dehors de la democratisation beninoise,” pp. 23-94 in Jean-Pascal Daloz and Patrick Quantin, Transitions democratiques africaines: dynamiques et contraintes (1990-1994). Paris: Editions Karthala, 1997.

Banifouna, Calixte. Congo Democratie v. 3 La Bataille de Brazzaville. Paris: NM editions, l’Harmattan, 1996 (see 2 earlier vols:les deboires de l’apprentissage and les references)

Banock, Michel. Le Processus de democratisation en Afrique: Le Cas cemrounais. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1992.

Bantekas, Ilias and Hassan Abu-Sabeib, “Reconciliation of Islamic Law with Constitutionalism: The Protection of Human Rights in Sudan’s New Constitution,” African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 12 (2000): 531-553.

Banting, Keith G. and Richard Simeon. Redesigning the State: The Politics of Constitutional Change. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985.

Barahona de Brito, Alexandra. Human Rights and Democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Barany, Zoltan and Deak, Peter. “The Civil-Military Nexus in Postcommunist Hungary,” pp.31-49 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Baral, Lok Raj. “Nepal in 2000 Discourse of Democratic Consolidation,” Asian Survey, 41, 1 (2001): 138-142.

Barkan, Joel D. “Rethinking the Applicability of Proportional Representation for Africa,” pp. 57-70 in Timothy D. Sisk and Andrew Reynolds, eds., Elections and Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1998. *

Barkan, Joel D. “Toward a New Constitutional Framework in Kenya,” Africa Today, 45, 2 (1998): 213-226.

Barkan, Joel D. and Njuguna Ng’ethe. “Kenya Tries Again.” Journal of Democracy, 9,2 (1998): 32-48.

Barnes, James. “The Tainted Win,” Africa Report, 39, 2 (1994), 67-69.

Barron, Thomas with Owen Dudley Edwards and Patricia J. Storey. Constitutions and National Identity. Edinburgh: Quadria, 1993.

Barros, Robert. Constitutionalism and Dictatorship: Pinochet, the Junta, and the 1980 Constitution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Barthos, Gordon. “Lebanese view peace talks with cynicism.” The Toronto Star, October 2, 1989.

Bartole, Sergio. “The Contribution of Law and Democracy to Conflict Resolution in the Republic of Albania,” pp. 153-166 in Societies in Conflict: The Contribution of Law and Democracy to Conflict Resolution. Science and Technique of Democracy, no. 29. European Commission for Democracy through Law. Council of Europe Publishing, 19xx.

Basch, Raymond M. “The Effects of Ethnic Separation on Democratization: a Comparative Study.” East European Quarterly, 32, 2 (June 1998): 221-242.

Bashir, Abdul Wahab. “Political Role Outside EPLF won’t be Tolerated: Saeed.” Moneyclips, September 18, 1994.

Bauman, Richard W. and David Schneiderman, “Introduction: the South African Constitution in Transition,” Review of Constitutional Studies, 3, 1 (1996): 1-17.

Baxter, Craig. “Constitution Making: The Development of Federalism in Pakistan.” Asian Survey, 14, 12 (1974): 1074-1085.

Becatoros, Elena. “Peace Plan Inches Ahead as Parliament Begins Adopting Draft Amendments to Constitution,” International News, September 21, 2001.

Beer, Lawrence Ward, ed. Constitutional Systems in Late Twentieth Century Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992.

Becker, Gustavo and Wolf-Rudiger Luers, eds. Desafio y Realidad del Estado de Derecho en Paraguay. Asuncion, Paraguay: Konrad-Adenauer-Siftung, 1993.

Beliaev, Sergei A. “The Evolution in Constitutional Debates in Russia in 1992-1993: A Comparative Review,” Review of Central and East European Law, 20, 3 (1994): 305-319.

Bell, John D. “Democratization and Political Participation in ‘Postcommunist’ Bulgaria,” pp. 353-401 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Belyakov, Vladimir V. and Walter John Raymond. Constitution of the Russian Federation: with Commentaries and Interpretation. Moscow: Brunswick Publishing, 1994.

“Benin,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 44 (1990): 1-3.

Bennet, Christopher. Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse. London: Hurst & Company, 1995.

Bennett-Ingold, Dawn. “Latin American Democracy: Flourishing or Floundering?” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 28 (1999): 111-145.

Benomar, Jamal. “Justice After Transitions,” Journal of Democracy, 4, 1 (1995): 1-14.

Berggren, Niclas with Nils Karlson and Joakim Nergelius, eds., Why Constitutions Matter. New York: Transaction Publishers, 2002.

Berman, Alan. “Future Kanak Independence in New Caledonia: Reality or Illusion?” Stanford Journal of International Law, 34 (1998): 35-346.

Bernast, Michel. “The Constitution,” In Vanuatu: Twenti wan tingting long team blong independens. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1980.

Bertelsen Repetto, Raúl “Las Reformas a la Parte Organica de la Constitucion,” Revista Chilena de Derecho, Vol. 16, No.3, Sep-Dic 1989, p. 599-605.

Bibic, Adolf. “The Emergence of Pluralism in Slovenia,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 26, 4 (1993), 367-386.

Biberaj, Elez. Albania in Transition: The Rocky Road to Democracy. Boulder [CO]: Westview Press, 1998.

Bilynskyj, Markian. 2000. “Amending the Ukrainian Constitution: President Kuchma, Harry Potter and Godot…” BRAMA 15 August 2000. (http://www.brama.com/news/press/000815us-ukraine.html, accessed 23 August 2002).

Bingen, R. James. “Overview – The Malian Path to Democracy and Development.” In Democracy and Development in Mali, edited by R. James Bingen, David Robinson, and John M. Staatz. East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University Press, 2000: 245-250.*

Biswal, Tapan Prasad. Ghana: Political and Constitutional Development. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 1992. (excerpts, 133-163, 206-218).

Black, Ivan. “Macedonia prepares for talks with it Albanians,” Manchester Guardian Weekly, April 11, 2001, p4.

Blacken, John D., Laurie A. Cooper, and Eduardo J.C. Pereira. “Political and Economic Transition in Guniea-Bissau: A preliminary assessment of the process to implement free elections.” Washington, D.C.: International Foundation for Election Systems, December 20, 1991.

Blankenagel, A. “Toward Constitutionalism in Russia,” East European Constitutional Review, 1, 2 (Summer): 25-27.

Blaustein, Albert H. “On a Constitution for the Philippines: Axioms and Certainties,” Philippine Law Journal, LIX, 2 (1984): 99-109.

Bluwey, Gilbert Keith. “State Organizations in the Transition to Constitutional Democracy.” In Ghana: Transition to Democracy, edited by Kwame A. Ninsin. Dakar: CODESRIA, 1998, 109-136.

Bobinski, Christopher. “New constitution divides Poles: Parties are split over stewardship of democracy.” Financial Times (London), April 4, 1997.

Bockel, Alain. “La nouvelle constitution du Vietnam,” Revue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique en France at a l’ etranger, 6 (1992), 1707-1731.

Bogdan, Michael. “The Law of the Republic of Cape Verde After 25 Years of Independence,” Journal of African Law, 44, 1 (2000): 85-95. *

Boafo-Arthur, Kwame. “Prelude to constitutional rule: an assessment of the process.” In Ghana’s Transition to Constitutional Rule: Proceedings of a Seminar Organized by the Department of Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon, edited by Kwame A. Ninsin and Francis K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1991, 41-51.*

du Bois de Gaudusson, Jean, Gerard Conac, and Christine Desouches, eds. Les Constitutions africaines publiees en langue francaise, Vol. 1. Paris: La documentation Francaise, 1997.

Boix, Carlos. “Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies.” American Political Science Review, 93 (3): 609-624.

Boneparth, Ellen and Wilkinson, James. “Terminating trusteeship for the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Marshall Islands: Independence and self-sufficiency in the post-cold war Pacific,” Pacific Studies, 18, 2 (1995), 61-77.

Bonime-Blanc, Andrea. “Constitution-Making and Democratization: The Spanish Paradigm,” Working Paper on Constitution Writing and Conflict Resolution. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace, February 6, 2003.

Bonime-Blanc, Andrea. Spain’s Transition to Democracy: The Politics of Constitution-Making. Studies of the Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987.

Bonner, Raymond. Weakness and Deceit: U.S.Ppolicy and El Salvador. New York: Times Books, 1984.

Borodinov, Konstantin. “Nazerbayev: One leap from communism to democracy impossible.” ITAR-TASS, November 10, 1992.

Boroumand, Ladan and Roya Boroumand, “Reform at an Impasse,” Journal of Democracy, 11, 4 (October 2000): 114-128.

Bouboutt, Ahmed Salem Ould. “La nouvelle constitution mauritanienne,” Recueil Penant, 104, 815 (1994): 129-161. *

Boudon, Laura. “Burkina Faso: The ‘Rectification of the Revolution,’” pp. 127-144 in in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997. *

Boulle, L.J. Constitutional Reform and Apartheid: Legitimacy, Consociationalism, and Control in South Africa. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.

Braun, Gerald. “Unveiling a Hidden Painting: Islam and North African Constitutions,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee,

Bremmer, Ian and Cory Welt, “Armenia’s New Autocrats,” Journal of Democracy, 8, 3 (1997): 77-91.

Brenninkmeijer, Olivier A. J. “International concern for Tajikistan: UN and OSCE efforts to promote peace-building and democratisation.” In Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. Richmond, England: Curzon Press, 1998.

Brewer-Carias, Allan R. “The 1999 Venezuelan Constitution-Making Process and Its failure as an Instrument for Political Conciliation,” Working Paper prepared for the Working Group on Constitution-Writing and Conflict Resolution, U.S. Institute of Peace, Washington, D.C., October 11, 2002.

Brietzke, Paul H. “Ethiopia’s ‘Leap in the dark’: Federalism and Self-determination in the New Constitution,” Journal of African Law, 39, 1 (1995): 19-38.

British Helsinki Human Rights Group. “Belarus 1997: Pariah or Victim? The Constitution.” http://www.bhrhg.org/belarus/belarus1997/constitution.htm Accessed 19 Aug 2002.

Brookfield, F. M. “The Fiji Revolutions of 1987,” New Zealand Law Journal, July 1988: 250-256.

Brown, Bess. “Central Asia emerges on the world stage.” RFE/RL Research Report, 1, 1 (1992): 51-56.

Brown, Bess. “Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan on the road to democracy.” RFE/RL Research Report, 1, 48 (1992): 20-22.

Brown, Bess. “Central Asia: The first year of unexpected statehood.” RFE/RL Research Report, 2, 1 (1993): 25-36.

Brown, Bess. “Tajikistan to restore presidency.” RFE/RL Research Report, 3, 31 (1994): 11-13.

Brown, Derek. “Watch on the Rhine.” The Guardian (London), November 28, 2001.

Brown, Frederick Z. “Vietnam’s Tentative Transformation,” Journal of Democracy, 7, 4 (1996): 73-87.

Brown, Nathan J. “Judicial Review and the Arab World,” Journal of Democracy, 9, 4 (October 1998): 85-99.

Brown, Nathan. Constitutions in a Nonconstitutional World: Arab Basic Laws and the Prospects for Accountable Government. Buffalo: State University of New York Press, 2002.

Bruna Contreras, Guillermo. ‘Reforma sobre Derechos Politicos,” Revista Chilena de Derecho, Vol. 16, No. 3, Sept-Dic. 1989, pp.591-598.

Brynen, Rex. “The Politics of Monarchical Liberalism: Jordan,” pp. 71-100 in Baghat Korany, Rex Brynen, and Paul Noble, Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1998.

Brzezinski, Mark F. “Constitutional Heritage and Renewal: The Case of Poland,” Virginia Law Review, 49 (1991): 60-70.

Brzezinski, Mark F. “Constitutionalism and Post-Communist Polish Politics,” Loyola of Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Journal, 20 (1998): 433-453.

Brzezinski, Mark F., “Polish Constitutional Law,” pp. 21-50 in Stanislaw Frankowski and Paul B. Stephan III, eds., Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995. *

Brzezinski, Mark F. The Struggle for Constitutionalism in Poland. Oxford: St. Martin’s Press with St. Antony’s College Oxford, 1998.

Buckley, Cynthia. “Exodus? Out-migration from the Central Asian Successor States to the Russian Federation.” Central Asian Monitor. 1996, 3: 16-21.

Buijtenhuijs, Robert. La Conference nationale souveraine du Tchad: Un essai d’histoire immediate. Paris: Karthalan, 1993.

Buijtenhuijs, Robert. “La conference nationale du Tchad comme si vous y etiez,” Politique africaine, 50 (June 1993): 105-107. *

Buijtenhuijs, Robert. “Le Tchad est inclassable: le referendum constitutionnel du 31 mars 1996,” Politique Africaine, 62 (June 1996): 117-123. *

Buijtenhuijs, Robert. Transition et elections au Thcad 1993-1997: restauration autoritaire et recomposition politique. Paris: Editions Karthala, 1998.

Bunbongkarn, Suchit. “Thailand in 1995: The More Things Change, The More They Remain the Same,” pp. 357-368 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1996.

Bungs, Dzintra. “Latvia.” RFE/RL Research Report 1, 27 (July 3, 1992): 62-66.

Burdick, Alan B. “The Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia,” pp. 252-283 in Yash Ghai, ed. Law, Government and Politics in the Pacific Island States. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1988.*

“Burma.” Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 41 (1988): 4-7.

Burnham, W. D. “Constitutional Moments and Punctuated Equilibria: A Political Scientist Confronts Bruce Ackerman’s We the People,” Yale Law Journal, 108 (1999): 2237-88.

Burrowes, Reynold A. The Wild Coast: An Account of Politics in Guyana. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Company, 1984.

Bustos, Carlos, “Chile: the Instruments of Political Transition,” pp. 26-35 in Unisa Centre for Latin American Studies, verLoren van Themaat Centre, University of South Africa, Proceedings from a Conference on Constitutional Transition: Latin American and Iberian Experiences: relevance for South Africa, University of South Africa, Pretoria, September 25, 1993.

Butler, William E., ed. Constitutional Foundations of the CIS Countries. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 1999.

Buyukakinci, Erhan. “Le processus constitutionnel et la restructuration institutionnelles dans les republiques turcophones de l’ex-URSS: l’Azerbaidjan, le Kazakhstan et l’Ouzbekistan,” Central Asian Survey, 18, 1 (1999), 79-97.

Cabanis, Andre. “Note sur la Constitution Beninoise du 2 decembre 1990,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 46, 1 (1992): 28-37.

Cadoux, Charles. “Madagascar depuis 1985: vers la Troisieme Republique,” Annuaire des pays de l’ocean Indien, 11, 1986-1989, 137-172.

Calda, Milos, “The Roundtable Talks in Czechoslovakia,” pp. 135-177 in Elster, Jon, ed. The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Campbell, I.C. “Current Developments in the Pacific, The Doctrine of Accountability and the Unchanging Locus of Power in Tonga,” The Journal of Pacific History, 29, 1 (1994) 222-231.

Campbell, I.C. “The Democracy Movement and the 1999 Tongan Elections,” The Journal of Pacific History, 34, 3 (1999), 265-272.

Canas Kirby, Enrique. 1993. Proceso Político en Chile: 1973-1990, Santiago: Editorial Andres Bello.

Carapico, Sheila. “Pluralism, Polarization, and popular Politics in Yemen,” pp. 241-266 in Baghat Korany, Rex Brynen, and Paul Noble, Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1998.

Cardoso, Carlos. “A transicao democratica na Guine-Bissau: um parto dificil.” In Transicao Democratica na Guine-Bissau: e outros ensaios, edited by Johannes Augel and Carlos Cardoso. Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pequista, 1996: 13-39.

Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. “In Praise of the Art of Politics,” Journal of Democracy, 7, 3 (1997): 7-19.

Carlson, Charles. “Kyrgyzstan: Constitutional referendum culminates five months of heated debate.” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, January 14, 2003.

Carlson, Lisa J. “Civil-Military Relations in Bulgaria: Past, Present and Future,” pp.95-114 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Carlson, Scott. “Politics, Public Participation, and the 1998 Albanian Constitution,” OstEuropa Recht, 43, 6 (1999): 489-510.

Carothers, Thomas. “The Observers Observed.” Journal of Democracy, 8, 3 (1997):16-31.

Carroll, Barbara Wake and Terrance Carroll, “Trouble in Paradise: Ethnic Conflict in Mauritius,” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 38, 2 (2000): 25-50.

Castillo, Jasen, “The Dilemma of Simultaneity: Russia and Georgia in the Midst of Transformation,” World Affairs, 160, (Summer 1997) 34-42.

Cavanaugh, Cassandra. “Crackdown on the opposition in Uzbekistan.” RFE/RL Research Report, 1, 31 (1992): 20-23.

**Caviedes, Céasr N. 1991. “Election in Chile: the Road Toward Redemocratization,” Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Cea, Jose Luis. “Chile’s Difficult Return to Constitutional Democracy,” PS, Vol. 20, Issue 3 (Summer, 1987), pp. 665-673.

Cea Egan~a, José Luis, “Modificaciones al Sistema de Reforma de la Constitucion,” Revista Chilena de Derecho, Vol. 16, No. 3, Sep.-Dic. 1989, pp. 607-617.

Cedeño, Victor Livio. Los Partidos Politicos en la Republica Dominicana. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Dialogo, 1999.

Cerar, Miro. “Slovenia: From elite consensus to democratic consolidation.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 378-405.

Chan, Stephen. “Commonwealth Residualism and the Machinations of Power in a Turbulent Zimbabwe,” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 39, 3 (2001): 51-74.

Chan, Stephen. Zambia and the Decline of Kaunda 1984-1998, edited by Craig Clancy. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 2000.

Chandler, David P. “NOTES AND COMMENT, The Constitution of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia): the Semantics of Revolutionary Change,” Pacific Affairs, 49, 3 (1976), 506-515.

Chantonvong, Sombat and Montru Chenvidyakarn, “Constitutional Rule and the Institutionalization of Leadership and Security in Thailand,” pp. 141-178 in Stephen Chee, ed., Leadership and Security in Southeast Asia, Singapore: Regional Strategic Studies Programme and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991. *

Chi, Bui Kim. “The Role of Law in Vietnam,” pp. 254- in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1994.*

Chick, John. “The 1976 General Election.” In Solomon Islands Politics, edited by Peter Larmour with Sue Tarua. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1983: 63-79.

Chiesa, Giulietto, with Douglas Taylor Northrop. Transition to Democracy: Political Change in the Soviet Union, 1987-1991. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1992.

“Chile Constitution Reform Committee Appointed,” The British Broadcatsing

Chin, James. “Politics of Federal Intervention in Malaysia, with Reference to Sarawak, Sabah and Kelantan,” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 35, 2 (1997): 96-120. *

Cholewinski, Ryszard. “The Protection of Human Rights in the New Polish Constitution,” Fordham International Law Journal, 22 (1998) 236-291.

Chopra, Jarat. Peace Maintenance. London: Routledge, 1999.

Choudhury, Dilara. “Democracy in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects,” Asian Studies, Journal of the Department of Government and Politics; J.U., 12, 1 (1993), 1-10.

Chudakov, Michael F., and Cheryl R. Fackler Hug. “The Constitutional Process in the Republic of Belarus (1990-1994): Preliminary Results.” Touro International Law Review 6,2 Accessed electronically at http://www.tourolaw.edu/Publications/internationallawrev/vol6/part3.html on 19 Aug 2002.

Chye, Lim Kean. “Does our constitution provide for adequate representation for opposing and varied interests in parliament? Commentary,” The Malayan Law Journal, 42, 1 (1976), lxxxii-lxxxiii.

Cibulka, Lubor. “Constitutional Law of the Slovak Republic,” pp. 95-115 in Stanislaw Frankowski and Paul B. Stephan III, eds., Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

Clapham, Christopher. “Rwanda the Perils of Peacemaking,” Journal of Peace Research, 35, 2 (1998), 193-210.

Clark, Andrew. “From Military Dictatorship to Democracy: The Democratization Process in Mali,” pp. 251-264 in R. James Bingen with David Robinson and John M. Staatz. Democracy and Development in Mali. Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2000.

Clark: John F. “Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate,” pp. 62-85 in in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.

Clark, John. “The National Conference as an Instrument of Democratization in Francophone Africa,” Journal of Third World Studies, 9, 1 (1994).

Clark, John F. “National Conferences and Democratization in Francophone Africa,” pp. 97-121 in John Mukum Mbaku and Juliua O. Ihonvbere, eds., Multiparty Democracy and Political Change: Constraints to Democratization in Africa. Aldershot: Ashgate1998.

Cogliano, Frank and Jack Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.

Cohen, Lenard J. Broken Bonds, The Disintegration of Yugoslavia. Boulder: Westview Press, (1993). pp 79-221.

Cohen, Lenard J. “Embattled Democracy: Postcommunist Croatia in Transition,” pp. 69-120 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Cohen, Lenard J. “Regime Transition in a Disintegrating Yugoslavia: The Law-of-Rule vs. The Rule-of-Law,” The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh Center for Russian and East European Studies, April 1992.

Cohen, Martin. “Maneuvering in Suriname as Elections Near.” Defense and Foreign Affairs, October/November 1987.

Collings, Deirdre. “Appendix.” In Peace for Lebanon? From War to Reconstruction, edited by Deirdre Collings. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994.

“Colombia: The Impact of the New Constitution,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 47 (1991): 1-10.

Comisso, Ellen. “Legacies of the Past or New Institutions: The Struggle over restitution in Hungary,” pp. 184-227 in Beverly Crawford and Arend Lijphart, eds., Liberalization and Leninist Legacies: Comparative Perspectives on Democratic Transitions. Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley International and Area Studies Research Series number 96, 1997.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. “Report on Armenia’s Parliamentary Election and Constitutional Referendum, July 5, 1995.” Washington, D.C., Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, August 1995.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. “Report on the Moldovan parliamentary elections, February 27, 1994.” Washington, D.C.: April 1994.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, “Georgia’s Parliamentary Election,” Report prepared for the Commission, October 1999.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, “Political Reform and Human Rights in Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, and Kazakstan,” Report prepared for the Commission, March 1998.

Connell, Dan. “New Challenges in Postwar Eritrea,” Eritrean Studies Review, 2, 1 (1997), 129-133, 138-141.

Constitution Commission of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Report of the Constitution Commission (1987). Port of Spain, June 1, 1990.

Constitution Commission of Trinidad and Tobago. Report of the Constitution Commission. Port-of-Spain, January 22, 1974. “Constitutional ‘Refolution’ in the Ex-Communist World: The Rule of Law,” Sponsored by the Washington College of Law, American University. Proceedings published in American University Journal of International Law & Policy, 12, (1997): 45-145.

“Constitutional Resource Home Page: Albania.” “Law on the Major Constitutional Provisions (as amended).” http://oncampus.richmond.edu/~jjones//confinder/albcon.htm Accessed 17 Aug 2002.

“Constitutional Review Commission Adds Another Round for Disabled” The Weekend Observer, October 9, 1997. available online at CRC News: www.swazi.com/government/crc-news

“Constitutional Review will go on despite the Protests” The Weekend Observer, April 9, 1997. available online at CRC-News: www.swazi.com/government/crc-news.

Conteh-Morgan, Earl and Mac Dixon-Fyle. Sierra Leone at the End of the Twentieth Century: History, Politics, and Society. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1999.

Corkill, David. “The political system and the consolidation of democracy in Portugal.” Parliamentary Affairs, 46, 4 (1993): 517-533.

Cornwell, Rupert. “Latvians given tough message by Gorbachev.” Independent (London), May 7, 1990.

Correa Freitas, Ruben. Derecho Constitucional Contemporaneo. Montevideo, Uruguay: Fundacion de Cultura Universitaria, 1993.

Correa Freitas, Ruben and Cristina Vazquez. La Reforma Constitucional de 1997: Analisis constitucional y administrativo. Montevideo, Uruguay: Fundacion de Cultura Universitaria, 1997.

Corte’s, Irene B. “Constitutionalism in the Philippines: A View from Academia,” Philippine Law Journal, LIX, 4 (December 1984): 338-348.

Cott, Donna Lee Van. The Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 19XX.

Cottrell, Jill, “The Constitution of Namibia: An Overview,” Journal of African Law, 35, 1-2 (1991): 56-78.

Coughlan, Elizabeth P. “Democratization and the Military in Poland: Establishing Democratic Civilian Control,” pp.115-136 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Cousens, Elizabeth M. “Making Peace in Bosnia Work,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 (1997): 789-818.

Cousens, Elizabeth; Chetan Kumar, and Karin Wermester, eds., Peacebuilding as Politics: Cultivating Peace in Fragile Societies, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000.

Crawford, Beverly and Arend Lijphart, “Explaining Political and Economic Change in Post-Communist Eastern Europe: Old Legacies, New Institutions, Hegemonic Norms, and International Pressures,” Comparative Political Studies, 28, 2 (1995): 171-199.

Cronin, Thomas E. Direct Democracy: The Politics of Initiative, Referendum, and Recall (1989).

Crowther, William. “The Politics of Democratization in Postcommunist Moldova.” In Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova, edited by Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Cubertafond, Bernard. “La constitution algerienne du 28 fevrier 1989,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 44, 1 (1990): 39-59.

Cubertafond, Bernard. Le systeme politique Marocain. Paris: Editions l”harmattan, 1997.

Cullimore, Charles. “Uganda: The Making of a Constitution,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 32, 4 (1994): 707-

Curtis, Glenn E,. ed., Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia : Country Studies. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress : Headquarters, Dept. of the Army, 1995, pp. xviii-xx, 56-78, 128-148, 206-230.

Custodio, Ramon. “The Human Rights Crisis in Honduras.” In Honduras Confronts its Future: Contending Perspectives on Critical Issues, edited by Mark B. Rosenberg and Philip L. Shepherd. Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1986.

Cutler, Lloyd and Herman Schwartz. “Constitutional Reform in Czechoslovakia: E Duobus Unum?,” University of Chicago Law Review, 58 (1991): 511-53.*

Cviic, Christopher. Chatham House Papers, Remaking the Balkans. London: Pinter, 1991. p 68-73.

Cvijetic, Sasa. “Croatia has (finally) passed an electoral for the upcoming parliamentary elections,” Central European Review, 1, 20 (November), 1999. Accessed at www.ce-review.org/99/20/croatianews20.html 24 February, 2003.

Daguzan, Jean-Francois. “France, Democratization and North Africa,” Democratization, 9, 1 (Spring 2002): 135-148.

Dainov, Evgenii. “Bulgaria: a stop-go modernization,” pp.91-109 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-Communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Daiuk, Nadia and Adrian Karatnycky. New Nations Rising : The Fall of the Soviets and the Challenge of Independence. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1993.

Daniel, Donal C. F. and Bradd C. Hayes, eds., Beyond Traditional Peacekeeping. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

Danilenko, Gennady M. “The New Russian Constitution and International Law,” American Journal of International Law, 88 (1994): 428-451.

Danilenko, Victor. “Electoral Reform.” In Perestroika-era Politics: The New Soviet Legislature and Gorbachev’s Political Reforms, edited by Robert T. Huber and Donald R. Kelley. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

Danopoulos, Constantine P. “Democratic undercurrents in praetorian regimes: The Greek military and the 1973 plebiscite.” Journal of Strategic Studies, 12, 3 (1989): 349-368.

Daramy, Sheikh Batu. Constitutional Development in the Post-Colonial State of Sierra Leone 1961-1984. African Studies, Vol. 30. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Darling, Frank C. “Thailand in 1976: Another Defeat for Constitutional Democracy.” Asian Survey, 17.2 (1977): 116-132.

Davidow, Jeffrey. 1984. A Peace in Southern Africa: the Lancaster House Conference on Rhodesia, 1979. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Davidson, J.W. “Current Developments in the Pacific, The Republic of Nauru,” The Journal of Pacific History, 3, 1 (1968), 145-150.

Dawisha, Karen and Bruce Parrott. Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Dawisha, Karen and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Dawisha, Karen, and Bruce Parrott, eds. Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. Cambridge [UK]: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Dawson, Melissa. “Free Speech and the Mass Media in Russia: Lessons From the December 1993 Election and Constitutional Referendum,” Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal, 13 (1995): 881-915.

Dean, W.B.H. “The Government’s Constitutional Proposals 1982”. In Constitutional Change in South Africa, edited by W.H.B. Dean and Dirk van Zyl Smit. Cape Town: Juta, 1983.

DeCalo, Samuel. “Benin: First of the New Democracies,” pp. 43-61 in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.

de Hoogh, Andre J.J., Some Random Remarks on Complaints Regarding the East Timor Popular Consultation. Leiden Journal of International Law (2000):997-1010.

Decoudras, P. M. “Niger: Democratisation reussie, avenir en suspens,” l’Afrique politique 1994 (yearbook, Editions Karthala, Paris): 45-57.

Deegan, Heather. “A Critical Examination of the Democratic Transition in South Africa: The Question of Public Participation,” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 40, 1 (March 2002): 43-60.

Defeis, Elizabeth F. “Armenian Constitutional Referendum: Towards a Democratic Process.” Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 9 (Fall 1995): 269-291.

Defeis, Elizabeth F. “Constitution Building in Armenia: A Nation Once Again,” Parker School Journal of East European Law, 2, 2 (1995): 153-200.

Defeis, Elizabeth F. “Elections and Democracy: Armenia, A Case Study,” Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Journal, 20 (March 1998): 455-474.

Defeis, Elizabeth F. “Freedom of Speech and International Norms: A Response to Hate Speech,” Stanford Journal of International Law, 29 (1992): 57-130.

Degregori, Carlos Ivan. “La Decada de la Antipolitica: Auge y huida de Alberto Fujimori y Vladimiro Montesinos.” Lima, Peru: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos Ediciones, 2000.

De Jonge, Alice. The constitution of the Marshall Islands: Its Drafting and Current Operations. University of New South Wales, Centre for South Pacific Studies, Pacific

Studies Monograph No. 8, New South Wales, Australia: Centre for South Pacific Studies, 1993.

De Leon, Hector S. Textbook on the New Philippine Constitution. REX Bookstore. Manila, 1987.

Deklin, Tony. “Review of the Constitution of Papua New Guinea,” pp. 335-348 in Yash Ghai, ed. Law, Government and Politics in the Pacific Island States. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1988.

“Derecho Chile” http://www.chipsites.com/derechos/1988_eng.html, accesed: Nov. 07, 2002.

de Soto, Alvaro. “The Negotiations Following the New York Agreement.” In Is There a Transition to Democracy in El Salvador?, edited by Joseph S. Tulchin with Gary Bland. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992: 139-148.

Diarrah, Cheick Oumar. Vers la Troisieme Republique du Mali. Paris: Editions L’Harmattan, 1991.

Diaz Santana, Juan Bolivar. Trauma Electoral. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: MOGRAF, 1996.

Dibas-Franck, Eric. “Du processus democratique au Congo,” Revue Juridique et Politique, Independence et Cooperation, 51, 2 (1997), 210-223.

Dima, Nicholas. Moldova and the Transdnestr Republic. Boulder, Colorado: East European Monographs, 2001.

Di Natale, Remo. Critica a la Ley de Necesidad de Reforma Constitucional. La Paz, Bolivia: Universidad Catolica Boliviana, 1993.

Dodd, Clement Henry. The Crisis of Turkish Democracy. North Humberside, England: The Eothen Press, 1983.

Dodd, Clement Henry. Politics and Government in Turkey. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969.

Dodd, Mark. 2001. Date set for East Timor election. (http://www.etan.org/et2001a/february/18-24/24date.htm, accessed November 3, 2002).

Doepfner, Andreas. “Kirgizstan moves toward democracy.” Swiss Review of World Affairs 42, 7 (1992): 9-11.

Dore, Isaak I. “The Distribution of Governmental Power Under the Constitution of Russia,” Parker School Journal of East European Law, 2 (1995): 673-708. *

Dorraj, Manochehr. “Tunisia’s troubled path of democratization.” Digest of Middle East Studies, 7,4 (1998): 13-18.

Doukas, George. “Party Elites and Democratization in Greece.” Parliamentary Affairs, 46, 4 (1993): 506-516.

Dreifelds, Juris. Latvia in Transition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Dreifelds, Juris. “Latvia.” In Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Country Studies, edited by Walter R. Iwaskiw. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1996.

Dreijmanis and M. Malajny, “Managing Constitutional Change: Post-Communist Experiences,” pp. 37-68 in in Bertus de Villiers and Jabu Sindane, eds., Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

Drnovsek, Janez. “Riding the tiger: the dissolution of Yugoslavia,” World Policy Journal, 17, 1 (2000), 57-63.

Dryzek, John S. and Holmes, Leslie, “The Real World of Civic Republicanism: Making Democracy Work in Poland and the Czech Republic,” Europe-Asia Studies, 52, 6 (2000), 1043-1068.

Duarte, Jose Napoleon with Diana Page. Duarte: My Story. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1986.

Duchachek, Ivo. Power Maps: Comparative Politics of Constitutions. Santa Barbara: American Bibiographic Center-CLIO Press, 1973,

Dudwick, Nora. “Political Transformations in Postcommunist Armenia: Images and Realities,” pp. 69-109 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott. Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Duffy, Terence. “Albania: Beyound the Hoxha legacy,” pp.73-90 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-Communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Dufseth, Amber. “COMMENT: Indonesia’s 1999 Political Laws: the Right of Association in Aceh and Papua,” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 11, June (2002), 613-641.

Duiker, William J. “The Constitutional System of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,” pp. 331-362 in Beer, Lawrence Ward, ed. Constitutional Systems in Late Twentieth Century Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992.

Dupree, Louis. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, 1979: Rhetoric, Repression, Reforms, and Revolts. American Universities Field Staff Reports 1979 (32): LD-1-’79.

Dupree, Louis. Toward Representative Government in Afghanistan: Parts 1 & 2. American Universities Field Staff Reports 1978 (1): LD-1-’78. Dusan, Hendrych. “Constitutionalism and Constitutional Change in Czechoslovakia,” pp. 278-295 in Hesse, Joachim Jens and Nevil Johnson. Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Dzhunusova, Zhanylzhan. "Kazakstan's political transformation since1991." Nationalities Papers 26 (Sept 1998) :545-555.

East Timor Constituent Assembly, Secretariat. Press Release, 15 February 2002. (accessed via http://www.tip.net.au/~wildwood/01octwomen.htm, November 3, 2002).

East Timor—UNMISET Background (http://www.un.org/peace/timor/unmisetB.htm, accessed November 2, 2002).

East Timor—UNTAET. The United Nations and East Timor—A Chronology. (http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/Unaetchrono.heml#2001, accessed November 3, 2002).

Eberts, Mirrella W., “The Roman Catholic Church and Democracy in Poland,” Europe-Asia Studies, 50, 5 (1998), 817-842.

Ebrahim, Hassen. “The Public Participation Process in South Africa,” pp. 153-161 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Edgar, Timothy H. and Michael D Nicoleau. “Constitutional Governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Analysis of the Constitution Proposed by the Government of Laurent Kabila,” Texas International Law Journal, 35, 2 (2000): 207-237.

Edrisinha, Rohan. “Sri Lanka,” pp. 257- in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1999.

Ehindero, S.G. The Constitutional Development of Nigeria 1849-1989. Jos, Nigeria: Ehindero (Nigeria) Ltd., 1991.

Ehrlich, Charles E., “Ethnicity and Constitutional Reform: The Case of Ethiopia,” ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, 6 (1999): 51-71.

Ehrlich, Charles E. “Ethno-cultural Minorities and Federal Constitutionalism: Is Spain Instructive?” Southern Illinois Law Journal, 24 (Winter 2000): 291- 317.

Elaigu, Isawa. “Managing Constitutional Change in Nigeria,” pp. 189-240 in in Bertus de Villiers and Jabu Sindane, eds., Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

Elazar, Daniel J. “Constitution-Making: The Pre-eminently Political Act,” pp. 232-247 in In Keith G. Banting and Richard Simeon, Redesigning the State: The Politics of Constitutional Change. Toronto: University of Toronto Press,

Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, “Zimbabwe Statistical data and graphs: referendum to approve the government sponsored draft Constitution” (accessed via web, http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zim_graphs4.htm, 10/19/02).

Elgie, Robert and Jan Zielonka. “Constitutions and constitution-building: A comparative perspective.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 25-47.

el-Hoss, Salim. “Prospective change in Lebanon.” In Peace for Lebanon? From War to Reconstruction, edited by Deirdre Collings. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994.

Ellman, Stephen. “The New South African Constitution and Ethnic Division,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 26 (1994): 5-44.

Eloff, Theuns. “Managing Negotiations: Lessons and Pitfalls 1990-1994,” pp. 1-36 in Bertus de Villiers and Jabu Sindane, eds., Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

Elster, Jon. “Arguing and Bargaining in Two Constituent Assemblies,” University of Pennsylavania Journal of Constitutional Law, 2 (March 2000): 345-

Elster, Jon. “Arguments for Constitutional Choice: Reflections on the Transition to Socialism,” pp. 303-326 in Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad. Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Elster, Jon. “Bargaining Over the Presidency: Myopic Bargains Among the Framers in Poland, Hungary, and Bulgaria,” East European Constitutional Review (Fall 1993/Winter 1994): 95-98.

Elster, Jon. “Consenting Adults or the Sorcerer’s Apprentice? Explaining the Breakup of the Czechoslovak Federation,” East European Constitutional Review, Winter 1995: 36-41.

Elster, Jon. “Consequences of Constitutional Choice: Reflections on Tocqueville,: pp. 81-102 in Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad, eds., Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, New York, 1988.

Elster, Jon. “Constitutionalism in Eastern Europe: An Introduction,” University of Chicago Law Review, 58 (1991).

Elster, Jon. “Constitution-Making in Eastern Europe: Rebuilding the Boat in the Open Sea,” Public Administration, 71 (1993): 169-217.

Elster, Jon. “Forces and Mechanisms in the Constitution-Making Process,” Duke Law Journal, 45 (1995): 364-

Elster, Jon; Claus Offe; and Ulrich K. Preuss, Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies (Cambridge 1998).

Elster, Jon. “Intertemporal Choice and Political Thought,” pp. 35-56 in George Lowenstein and Jon Elster, eds., Choice Over Time. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1992.

Elster, Jon, “Introduction,” pp. 1-18 in Elster, Jon and Rune Slagestad. Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Elster, Jon. “On Doing What One Can: An Argument Against Post-Communist Restitution and Retribution,” East European Constitutional Review, Summer 1992: 15-17.

Elster, Jon, ed. The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Elster, Jan. “Ways of Constitution-Making,” pp. 123-142 in Axel Hadenius, ed., Democracy’s Victory and Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Elster, Jon and Rune Slagstad, eds. Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Entelis, Joelle. “Algeria as an Example of the Compatibility of International Human Rights Regarding Women’s Equality and Islamic Law,” Fordham International Law Journal, 20 (1997): 1251-1305.

Emerging Markets Datafile. Chronology of Election-Related Events in East Timor, 29 August 2001 (accessed via LexisNexis, November 2, 2002).

Ensalaco, Mark, “In with the New, Out with the Old? The Democratising Impact of Constitutional reform in Chile,” Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 26, Isue 2 (May,1 994), pp. 409-429.

Eritrea. Constitutional Commission of Eritrea. The Constitutional Commission of Eritrea: Information on strategy, plans, and Activities. Asmara, Eritrea, 1995.*

Eshete, Andreas. “The Protagonists in Constitution-Making in Ethiopia,” pp. 69-43 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Eshete, Aleme. “Third World Review: Betrayal of the revolution / Ethiopia’s constitution on the 12th anniversary of the overthrow of Haile Selassie.” The Guardian (London), September 13, 1986.

Essuman-Johnson, A. “The politics of Ghana’s search for a democratic constitutional order 1957-1991.” In Ghana’s Transition to Constitutional Rule: Proceedings of a seminar organized by the Department of Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon, edited by Kwame A. Ninsin and Francis K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1991, 52-60.

Esteva Gallicchio, Eduardo. “Introduccion al estudio del Decreto Constitutional No. 19.” Revista Uruguaya de Derecho Constitucional y Politico 1, 1 (1984): 3-20.

Esteva Gallicchio, Eduardo and Martin Risso Ferrand. Primeras Reflexiones sobre el Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional presentado en la Camara de Senadores en el mes de Marzo de 1996. Montevideo, Uruguay: Industria Grafica Nuevo Siglo, 1996.

Eurasian Foundation website. Accessed August 25, 2002. “Eurasia Foundation: Georgia Young Lawyers’ Association Success Story.” http://www.eurasia.org/SuccessStories/Jan2001Success.html

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Tour de Table of the Delegations from the Commonwealth of Independent States on the Constitutional Situation in Their Countries,” pp. 12-17 in Constitution Making as an Instrument of Democratic Transition, Proceedings of the UniDem Conference organized in Istanbul on 8 to 10 October 1992. European Commission for Democracy Through Law, Council of Europe Press, 1993.

European Commission for Democracy Through Law, “Report on Cooperation with Ukraine”. (http://venice.coe.int.members/ukr_e.htm, accessed 22 August 2002)

European Commission for Democracy Through Law, “Implementation of the Constitutional Referendum in Ukraine; Opinion Adopted by the Commission at its 44th Plenary Session, 13-14 October 2000”. (http://venice.coe.int/docs/2000/CDL-INF(2000)014-e.html, accessed 26 August 2002).

European Commission for Democracy Through Law, “Opinion on the Constitutional Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina with Particular Regard to Human Rights Protection

Mechanisms”, adopted by the Commission at its 29th Plenary Meeting, Venice 15-16 November 1996. (http://venice.coe.int, accessed 5 September 2002).

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Cooperation between the Venice Commission and the Republic of Moldova on constitutional reform.” Strasbourg: January 24, 2001. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL-INF(2001)003-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic on the nationwide discussion of amendments to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic worked out on the basis of suggestions and recommendations of the Constitutional Assembly.” Strasbourg: November 27, 2002. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL(2002)143-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Explanatory note for the draft amendments to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic.” Strasbourg: November 27, 2002. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL(2002)142-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Opinions on the draft law on modification and amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova.” Strasbourg: July 9, 2002. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL-AD(2002)014-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Opinion on the draft law on the Constitutional Court and corresponding amendments of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova.” Strasbourg: July 15, 2002. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL-AD(2002)016-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Opinion on the law on modifications and addition in the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova in particular concerning the status of Gagauzia.” Strasbourg: August 21, 2002. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL-AD(2002)020-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Commission for Democracy through Law. “Report of the Venice Commission on the revised constitution of the Republic of Armenia.” Strasbourg: July 23, 2001. Available from http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2002/CDL-INF(2001)017-e.html , accessed January 9, 2003.

European Forum. “Country Update: Albania.” http://www.europe;anforum.bot-consult.se/sup/albania/facts.htm Accessed 18 Aug 2002.

European Forum. “Basic Facts of Croatia,” http://www.europeanforum.bot-consult.se/cup/croatia/facts.htm , rev 3, February 2000.

European Forum. “Basic facts of Latvia.” September 1999. Available from http://www.europeanforum.bot-consult.se/cup/latvia/facts.htm , accessed February 4, 2003.

European Report. “EU/FYROM: Solana says Macedonia constitution must change,” European Information Service, March 31, 2001.

European Report. “EU/BALKANS: Solana and Patten back in Skopje,” European Information Service, April 4, 2001.

European Report. “EU/MACEDONIA: Solana visits Skopje again,” European Information Service, April 21, 2001.

European Report. “EU/MACEDONIA: Solana and NATO try to douse rising Balkans flames,” European Information Service, June 23, 2001.

European Report. “EU/MACEDONIA: Solana sets up tentative peace deals,” European Information Service, June 27, 2001.

European Report. “EU/MACEDONIA: talks produce cease fire and start of constitutional solution,” European Information Service, July 6, 2001.

Evuna Owono Asangono, Alejandro. El Proceso Democratico de Guinea Ecuatorial. Madrid: Ediciones CEIBA, 1993.

Ewins, Rory. “The Papua New Guinea Constitution: Australia’s role in its development, 1960-75,” as found at http://speedysnail.com/pacific/png.html on 10/22/2002.

Far Eastern Economic Review. “ Not Good for the Constitution,” 14 March 2002 (accessed via LexisNexis, November 2, 2002).

Faris, Hani A. “The Failure of Peacemaking in Lebanon, 1975-1989,” pp. 1-29 in Deirdre Collings, ed., Peace for Lebanon? From War to Reconstruction. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 19XX.

Federation of American Scientists. “Tajikistan Civil War.” 1999. Available from http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/tajikistan.htm , accessed January 15, 2003.

Flauss, Jean-Francois. “Constitutional Justice and Democracy by Referendum,” pp. 13-39 in Constitutional Justice and Democracy by Referendum. Science and technique of Democracy, no. 14. Proceedings of the UniDem Seminar orgnanised in Strasbourg on 23-24 June 1995. European Commission for Democracy Through Law. Council of Europe Publishing. 1995.

Federal Research Division. Library of Congress. Moldova and Belarus: Country Studies. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1995.

Fegley, Randall. Equatorial Guinea: An African Tragedy. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.

Feldbrugge, F.J.M., ed. The Constitutions of the USSR and the Union Republics: Analysis, texts, reports. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1979.

Feldbrugge, F. J. M. “The New Constitution of Georgia,” Review of Central and East European Law, 22, 1 (1996): 9-17.

Feldmann, Linda. “Latvian’s plot freedom strategy.” Christian Science Monitor, May 3, 1990.

Ferejohn, John, Jack N. Rakove, and John Riley, eds. Constitutional Culture and Democratic Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Fernando, Enrique M. and Emma Quisumbing-Fernando, “The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines: The Impact of American Constitutionalism revisited,” pp. 571-613 in Beer, Lawrence Ward, ed. Constitutional Systems in Late Twentieth Century Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992.

Fierman, William. “Political Development in Uzbekistan: Democratization?” pp. 360-408 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Causcasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Finer, S. E.; Vernon Bogdanor; and Bernard Rudden. Comparing Constitutions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

Finn, John. Constitutions in Crisis: Political Violence and the Rule of Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Fish, M. Steven. “Mongolia: Democracy Without Prerequisites,” Journal of Democracy, 9, 3 (July 1998): 127-141.

Fisher, Ronald J. “Introduction: Understanding the tragedy of Cyprus.” In Cyprus: A Regional Conflict and Its Resolution, edited by Norma Salem. ???: St. Martin’s Press, 1992: 1-14.

Fofana, Lansana. “Sierra Leone politics: new constitution welcomed.” Inter Press Service, October 3, 1994.

Fombad, Charles Manga. “The New Cameroonian Constitutional Council in a Comparative Perspective: Progress or Retrogression?” Journal of African Law, 42, 2 (1998): 172-186.

Foray, Cyril. “The road to the one-party state: The Sierra Leone experience.” Africanus Horton Memorial Lecture 1988. Edinburgh: Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1988.

Ford, Christopher A. “Watching the Watchdog: Security Oversight Law in the New South Africa,” Michigan Journal of Race & Law, 3 (1997): 59-182.

Forrest, Joshua B. Guinea-Bissau: Power, Conflict, and Renewal in a West African Nation. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

“Forum on Restitution,” East European Constitutional Review, Summer 1993: 30-40.

Foster, Frances H. “Information and the Problem of Democracy: The Russian Experience,” American Journal of Comparative Law, 44 (Spring 1996): 243-

Fourie, Deon, Constitutional Transition: Instruments and Mechanisms II, pp. 36-46 in Unisa Centre for Latin American Studies, verLoren van Themaat Centre, University of South Africa, Proceedings from a conference on Constitutional Transition: Latin American and Iberian Experiences: Relevance for South Africa, University of South Africa, Pretoria, September 25, 1993.

Fox, Donald T. and Anne Stetson, “The 1991 Constitutional Reform: Prospects for Democracy and the Rule of Law in Colombia,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 24 (1992): 139-163.”

Fraenkel, Jon. “The Alternative Vote System in Fiji: Electoral Engineering or Ballot-Rigging?” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 39, 1 (2001): 1-31.

Fraenkel, Jon. “The Clash of Dynasties and Rise of Demagogues; Fiji’s Tauri Vakaukauwa of May 2000,” The Journal of Pacific History, 35, 3 (2000), 295-308.

Franck, Thomas M. “The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance,” American Journal of International Law, 86 (1992): 47-91.

French, Thomas R. “Legal literature of Eritrea: A bibliographic essay.” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 24 (Winter 1999): 417-446.

Frost, Frank. “Cambodia: from UNTAC to Royal Government,” pp. 79-101 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1994.

Fruhling, Hugo E. “Human Rights in Constitutional Order and in Political Practice in Latin America,” pp. 85-104 in Douglas Greenberg, et. al., Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Fuller, Elizabeth. "Armenia's constitutional debate." RFE/RL Research

Report, 3, 21 (1994): 6-9.

Fuller, Liz. “Tajikistan: Vote on constitution a milestone in peace process.” RFE/RL Newsline, September 23, 1999.

Furley, Oliver. “Democratization in Uganda,” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 38, 3 (2000): 79-102.

Furley, Oliver and James Katalikawe, “Constitutional Reform in Uganda: The New Approach,” African Affairs, 96 (1997): 243-260.

Futey, Bhodan A., “Comments on the Constitution of Ukraine,” East European Constitutional Review, Spring/Summer 1996: 29-34.

Gabal, Ivan. “Czechoslovakia: the break-up and its consequences,” pp. 110-132 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Gabou, Alexis. Chronologie Politique Congolaise. Paris: Nouvelles Perspectives Editions, 1999.

Gadzhiev, Gadis. “Power Imbalance and Institutional Interests in Russian Constitutional Engineering.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 269-292.

Gahama, Joseph. “Cinq ans de transition democratique au Burundi (1987-1992),” pp. 257-275 in Manasse Esoavelomandroso and Gaetan Feltz eds. Democratie et development, Mirage ou espoir raisonnable? Paris: Karthala, 1992.

Gallagher, Tom. “Romania: nationalism defines democracy,” pp.185-201 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Galli, Rosemary E. and Jocelyn Jones. Guinea-Bissau: Politics, Economics, and Society. London: Frances Pinter, 1987.

The Gambia. Constitution of the Republic of The Gambia, 1997 (Amendment) Act, 2000. Banjul: 2000. Available from http://www.gambiapost.net/The-Constitution-of-the-Republic-of-The-Gambia-1997-Amendment-Act-2000.htm , accessed October 21, 2002.

The Gambia. National Consultative Committee. Report of the National Consultative Committee on the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council’s Programme of Rectification and Timetable for Transition to Democratic Constitutional Rule in The Gambia. Banjul: 1995. Available from http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara/ncc/index.html , accessed October 21, 2002.

Gamova, Svetlana. “Split in Moldova’s parliament.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, February 17, 1993.

Gamova, Svetlana. “Draft of a new constitution to be put to a referendum.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, March 17, 1993.

Ganev, Venelin I. “Bulgaria: The (ir)relevance of post-Communist constitutionalism.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 186-211.

Ganev, Venelini I. “Emergency Powers and the New East European Constitutions,” American Journal of Comparative Law, 45 (Summer 1997): 585-612.

Garane, Amidou. “L’Acte I du processus democratique au Burkina Faso: Portee juridique et politique de la loi du 14 fevrier 1997 portant revision de la constitution,” Revue Burkinabe de droit, 33, 1 (1998): 33-59.

Garcia Laguardia, Jorge Mario. “El Salvador: Guerra y constitucion.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 51-62.

Garcia Laguardia, Jorge Mario. “Guatemala: de la exclusion a la apertura.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 95-116.

Garcia Laguardia, Jorge Mario. “Nicaragua: Constitucion, revolucion y contrarrevolucion.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 145-160.

Garcia Laguardia, Jorge Mario. “Panama: El ocaso de los militares.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 169-175.

Garcia Laguardia, Jorge Mario. “Transicion democratica y nuevo orden constitucional; la constitucion Guatemalteca de 1985.” In Constitucionalismo Iberoamericano del Siglo XXI, edited by Diego Valades and Miguel Carbonell. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2000: 211-231.

Garde, Paul. Vie et mort de la Yugoslavie. Lille: Fayard, 1992. p265-287

Gardels, Nathan and Abraham Lowenthal. “Saving the State in Peru; Latin America’s New Face.” New Perspectives Quarterly, September 22, 1993.

Gardinier, “Gabon: Limited Reform and Regime Survival,” pp. 145-161 in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.*

Garlicki, Lech. “Constitution-Making, Peace Building, And National Reconciliation, The Experience of Poland,” United States Institute of Peace, Working Group on Constitution-Making, Peace Building, and National Reconciliation.

Garretón, Manuel Antonio, “Democratic Inaguration in Chile: from Pinochet to Aylwin,” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. ¾, 1990/1991, pp. 64-80.

de Gaudusson, Jean du Bois. “Les solutions constitutionnelles des conflits politiques,” Afrique contemporaine, 180 (Numero Special), 4 (1996), 250-256.

Gaul, Wolfgang von. “Neue Verfassungsstrukturen in Gerogien,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 32 (1999): 49-64.

Gebethner, Stanislaw. “Political Reform in the Process of the Round Table Negotiations,” pp.51-68 in Sanford, George, ed. and trans. Democratization in Poland, 1988-90: Polish Voices. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Geddes, Barbara. “Initiation of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America.” In Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. Boulder, CO: Westview: 15-41.*

Gelazis, Nida. “Institutional engineering in Lithuania: Stability through compromise.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 165-185.

Gerston, Larry N. “Policymaking by referendum in Palau: Grassroots democracy or political paralysis?” Asian Affairs, 16, 4 (1989/1990), 175-185.

Geyer, Georgie A., “Conversations with Eduard Shevardnadze,” Washington Quarterly, 23, 2 (2000) 55-56.

Ghai, Yash Pal. “Constitutional Asymmetries: Communal Representation, Federalism, and Cultural Autonomy,” pp. 141-170 in Andrew Reynolds, ed., The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Ghai, Yash. “Establishing a Liberal Political Order through a Constitution: the Papua New Guinea Experience,” Development and Change 28, 2 (1997), 303-330.

Ghai, Yash. “The Role of Law in the Transition of Societies: The African Experience,” Journal of African Law, 35, 1-2 (1991): 8-20.

Ghai, Yash. “Constitution Making and Decolonisation,” pp. 1-53 in Yash Ghai, ed. Law, Government and Politics in the Pacific Island States. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1988.

Ghai, Yash, ed. Law, Government and Politics in the Pacific Island States. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1988.

Ghai, Yash. “The Making of Constitutions in the South Pacific Islands: An Overview.” Pacific Perspective, 13,1 (1988): 1-31.

Ghai, Yash. “The Political Consequences of Constitutions,” pp. 351-369 in Yash Ghai, ed. Law, Government and Politics in the Pacific Island States. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1988.

Ghai, Yash. “The Making of the Independence Constitution.” In Solomon Islands Politics, edited by Peter Larmour with Sue Tarua. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1983: 9-52.

Ghai, Yash and Jill Cottrell. Heads of State in the Pacific: A Legal and Constitutional Analysis. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1990.*

Ghosh, Lipi. “Democracy in Myanmar Politics: a study of its constitutional history,” Asian Studies (Netaji Institute for Asian Studies), 15, 1 (1997), 35-45.

Ghana. Ad Hoc Committee on Union Government. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Union Government, 1977. Accra, Ghana: Tema Press, 1977.

Ghana. Committee of Experts (Constitution). Proposals for a Draft Constitution of Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Tema Press, 1991.

Ghana. Constitutional Commission. The Proposals of the Constitutional Commission for a Constitution for the Establishment of a Transitional (Interim) National Government for Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Tema Press, 1978. (excerpt, 1-16, 127-143)

“Ghana: Towards a Constitutional Government,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 47 (1991): 10-13.”

Ghanaweb.com. “Did you know?” Available at http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghana/news/inews.html , accessed October 30, 2002.

Gill, Alan. “Solomons independence – problems of ‘when?’, ‘how?’, ‘who?’.” Pacific Islands Monthly, May 1977.

Gillespie, Charles Guy. Negotiating Democracy: Politicians and Generals in Uruguay. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Ginsburg, Tom and Gombosuren Ganzorig. “When Courts and Politics Collide: Mongolia’s Constitutional Crisis,” Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 14, 2 (2001): 309-326.

Giritli, Ismet. Fifty Years of Turkish Political Development. Istanbul: Fakulteler Matbaasi, 1969.

Givens, Willie A., ed. Liberia: The Road to Democracy under the Leadership of Samuel Kanyon Doe. Bourne End, England: Kensal Press, 1986.

Glen, John K., III. Framing Democracy, Civil Society and Civic Movements in Eastern Europe. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.

Gloppen, Siri. South Africa: The Battle Over the Constitution. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997. Glos, George E. “The Constitution of the Czech Republic of 1992,” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 21, 4 (Summer 1994): 1049.

Go, Julian, “Modeling the State: Postcolonial Constitutions in Asia and Africa,” Southeast Asian Studies, 39, 4 (2002): 558-583.

Goati, Vladimir. “Political Parties and Parliament in Serbia,” Yugoslav Law, 20, 2-3 (1993), 105-114..

Godinho-Adams, Natercia. UN Security Council ‘Arria Formula’ meeting, on the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325, 30 October 2001. (accessed via http://www.tip.net.au/~wildwood/01octwomen.htm, November 3, 2002).

Goldenberg, Suzanne. Pride of Small Nations, The Caucasus and Post-Soviet Disorder. London: Zed, 1994, pp.xii-xiv, 71-151.

Goldman, Stuart. “The New Soviet Legislative Branch.” In Perestroika-era Politics: The New Soviet Legislature and Gorbachev’s Political Reforms, edited by Robert T. Huber and Donald R. Kelley. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

Goldwin, R. A. and A. Kaufman, eds., Constitution Makers on Constitution Making: The Experience of Eight Nations (AEI 1988).

Golotyuk, Yury. “Tajikistan: Emomali Rakhmonov becomes president.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, December 7, 1994.

Gonenc, Levent. Prospects for Constitutionalism in Post-Communist Countries. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2000.

Gonidec, Pierre-Francois, “Constitutionnalismes africaines,” African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 8, 1 (1996): 12-37.

Gonidec, Pierre-Francois. “Constitutionnalismes africaines,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 50, 1 (1996): 23-50.

Gonzalez, Gustavo, “Differing Visions of the July Referendum,” InterPress Service, June 16, 1989. (Lexis-Nexis).

Goodin, Robert E. “Designing Constitutions: The Political Constitution of a Mixed Commonwealth,” Political Studies, XLIV (1996): 635-646.

Goodin, Robert, ed., The Theory of Institutional Design. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Goodsell, James Nelson. “Honduras election is bright spot amid Central American unrest.” Christian Science Monitor (Boston), April 25, 1980.

Goodwin, Phil. “Pakistan MPs curb president’s power: Sharif wins backing in move to end martial law era.” The Guardian (London), April 2, 1997.

Gopinath, Meenakshi. Pakistan in Transition: Political Development and Rise to Power of Pakistan People’s Party. Delhi: Manohar, 1975.

Gordon Rapoport, Sara. Crisis Politica y Guerra en El Salvador. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1989.

Govender, Karthy. “Federal Features of the Interim Constitution,” Review of Constitutional Studies, 3, 1 (1996): 76-97.

Government of Brunei Darussalam Official Website, “The 1959 Constitution “ (www.brunei.gov.bn/government/contitut.htm, accessed 10/06/02)

Gow, Bonar A. “Admiral Didier Ratsiraka and the Malagasy Socialist Revolution,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 35, 3 (1997): 409-439.

Grazin, Igor. “A New Old Constitution for Estonia (Genetic Aspects of the Constitution and Parliamentarism versus Presidentialism),” pp. 71-93 in Stanislaw Frankowski and Paul B. Stephan III, eds., Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

Greenberg, Douglas; Katz, Stanley; Oliviero, Melanie Beth; and Wheatley, Steven C. Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. (American Council of Learned Societies Comparative Constitutionalism Working Papers)

Griffin, James. “The Papua New Guinea national elections 1997,” The Journal of Pacific History, 32, 3 (1997), 71-78.

Grofman, Bernard and Robert Stockwell. “Institutional Design in Plural Societies: Mitigating Ethnic Conflict and Fostering Stable Democracy,” Paper prepared for University of Messina Conference on “The Political economy of International development,” August 14-17, 2000. Fifth draft July 22, 2000.

Grossman, Herschel I., “Constitution or Conflict?” Working Paper 8733. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA., January 2002.

Grudzinska-Gross, Irena, ed., Constitutionalism in East Central Europe: Discussions in Warsaw, Budapest, Prague, Bratislava. Bratislava: Czecho-Slovak Committee of the European Cultural Foundation, 1994.

Grullón, Sandino. Historia de las Elecciones en la Republica Dominicana desde 1913 a 1998. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Imprenta Union y Paz, 1999.

Guerra, Luis Lope, “The Application of the Spanish Model in the Constitutional Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe,” Cardozo Law Review, 19, 6 (1998): 1937-1951.

Gunther, Richard; Giacomo Sani and Goldie Shabad. Spain After Franco: The Making of a Competitive Party System. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Gyimah-Boadi, E. "Ghana's Uncertain Political Opening." Journal of Democracy 5, 2 (1994): 75-86.

Gyimah-Boadi, E. “Notes on Ghana’s Current Transition to Constitutional Rule,” Africa Today, 4 (1991): 5-17.

Gyimah-Boadi, E. “Tensions in Ghana’s transition to constitutional rule.” In Ghana’s Transition to Constitutional Rule: Proceedings of a seminar organized by the Department of Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon, edited by Kwame A. Ninsin and Francis K. Drah. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, 1991, 35-40.*

Habermas, Jurgen. Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discursive Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998.

Haddadi, Said. “Two Cheers for Whom? The European Union and Democratization in Morocco,” Democratization, 9, 1 (Spring 2002): 149-169.

Haile, Daniel. “Freedom of Association, Ethnicity, and the Transition to Democracy,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 28, 3 (1995): 328-338.

Hajisalah, Alayas. “Thailand,” pp. 275-296 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1999.

Hall, Andrew. “Constructing Democracy: Progress and Prospects in Nepal,” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 30, 1 (1992): 85-95.

Hall, Gregory O. “The politics of autocracy: Serbia under Slobadan Milosevic,” East European Quarterly, 33, 2 (1999), 233-249.

Hall, M. and T. Young, “Recent Constitutional Developments in Mozambique,” Journal of African Law, 35, 1-2 (1991): 102-115.

Halmai, Gabor. “Democracy Versus Constitutionalism? The Re-establishment of the Rule of Law in Hungary,” Journal of Constitutional Law in Eastern and Central Europe, 1, 1 (1994): 6-23.

Halmai, Gabor. “The Reform of Constitutional Law in Hungary after the Transition,” Journal of Constitutional Law in Eastern and Central Europe, 4, 2 (1997): 153-167.

Hampson, Fen. Nurturing Peace: Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1996.

Han, Y.C. “The 1969 Constitutional Revision and Party Politics in South Korea,” Pacific Affairs, 44, 2 (1971), 242-258.

Hanafin, Patrick J. and Melissa S. Williams, Identity, Rights and Constitutional Transformation. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

Hansen, Holger Bernt and Michael Twaddle. From Chaos to Order: The Politics of Constitution-Making in Uganda. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1995.

Harb, Benjamin Miguel and Edgar Moreno Morales. Constitucion Politica del Estado Reformada, Segunda edicion. La Paz, Bolivia: Editorial ‘Los Amigos del Libro’, 1996.

Harding, A. J. “The 1988 Constitutional Crisis in Malaysia,” International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 39 (1990): 57-81.

Harding, A. J. “Turbulence in the Land Below the Wind: Sabah’s Constitutional Crisis of 1985-86,” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, XXIX, 1 (1991): 86-101.

Harris, Peter and Ben Reilly, eds., Democracy and Deep-Rooted Conflict: Options for Negotiators. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 1998. (e-book)

Harris, William. “The crisis of democracy in twentieth-century Syria and Lebanon.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 5 (1996): 1-28.

Hart, Vivien. “Constitution-making and the Transformation of Conflict,” Peace & Change, 26, 2 (2001): 153-176.

Hartlyn, Jonathan. The Struggle for Democratic Politics in the Dominican Republic. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Hartzell, Caroline. “Explaining the Stability of Negotiated Settlements to Intrastate Wars,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 43 (1): 3-22.

Hartzell, Caroline; Matthew Hoddie; and Donald Rothchild. “Stabilizing the Peace After Civil War: An Investigation of Some Key Variables,” International Organization, 55, 1 (Winter 2001): 183-208.

Hashim, Mohamed Suffian Bin. “The influence of the American Constitution on the Malaysian Constitution,” The Malayan Law Journal, 42, 2 (1976), xxxii-xxxvii.

Hassall, Graham. “Introduction,” pp. 1-22 30 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1997.

Hassall, Graham. “Trends in Asia-Pacific Constitutions in 1996,” pp. 1-30 in 30 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1998.*

Hassall, Graham and Cheryl Saunders. “Trends in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Systems in 1995,” pp. 1-30 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1997.

Hatchard, John. “The Constitution of Zimbabwe: Towards a Model for Africa?” Journal of African Law, 35, 1-2 (1991): 79-101.

Hatchard, John. “Presidential Removal: Unzipping the Constitutional Provisions,” Journal of African Law, 44 (2000): 1-16.

Hatchard, John. “Re-establishing a multi-party state: Some constitutional lessons from the Seychelles.” Journal of Modern African Studies, 31,4 (1993): 601-612.

Hatchard, John. “Some Lessons on Constitution-Making from Zimbabwe,” Journal of African Law, 45, 2 (2001): 210-216.

Hatchard, John. “Undermining the constitution by constitutional means; some thoughts on the new constitutions of Southern Africa,” Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, XXVIII, 1 (March 1995): 21-35.

Hatchard, John and Slinn, Peter. “Namibia: The Constitutional Path to Freedom,” International Relations, 10, 2 (1990), 137-160.

Hatchard, John and Peter Slinn. “Towards an African Zimbabwean Constitution?” Third World Legal Studies, 1988: 119-138.

Hawley, Edward. “The Referendum Overseas,” Africa Today, 2 (1993): 89.

Hay, Elena Rigacci. “Methodology of the inter-Tajik negotiation process.” Accord 10 (2001). Available from http://www.c-r.org/accord/tajik/accord10/inter.htm , accessed December 6, 2002.

Hayashida, Ronald Hideo. “Papua New Guinea in 1995: Restructuring and Retrenchment,” Asian Survey, 36, 2 (1996), 152-157.

Hayatou, El Hadj. “Explanatory Note on the February 1984 Amendment to the Constitution of Cameroon,” Constitutional and Parliamentary Information, 1, 3 (1985), p. 99.

Hayden, Robert M. “The 1995 Agreements on Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Dayton Constitution: The Political Utility of a Constitutional Illusion,” East European Constitutional Review, Fall 1995: 59-68.

Haysom, Fink. “Special Features and Mechanisms in Negotiating the South African Constitution,” pp. 93-113 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Hazard, John M. “The evolution of the Soviet constitution.” In Toward the Rule of Law in Russia?: Political and Legal Reform in the Transition Period, edited by Donald D. Barry. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.

Heard, Andrew and Tim Schwartz, “The Regional Veto Formula and its Effects on Canada’s Constitutional Amendment Process,” Peace Research Abstracts, 36, 1 (1999).

Heckathorn, Douglas D. and Steven M. Maser, “Bargaining and Constitutional Contracts, 31 American Journal of Political Science, 142 (1987).

Heder, Steve and Judy Ledgerwood, eds., Propaganda, Politics, and Violence in Cambodia: Democratic Transition Under United Nations Peace-Keeping. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.

Heilbrunn, John. “The National Conference and Stalled Reform,” pp. 225-245 in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.

Heilbrunn, John R. “Social Origins of National Conferences in Benin and Togo,” Journal of African Studies, 31, 2 (1993): 277-299.

Heiss, Claudia. 2001. “The 1989 Constitutional Reform in Chile: protected democracy versus military autonomy trade-offs,” mimeo, http://www.geocities.com/claudia_heiss/papers.html.

Henderson, Karen and Neil Robinson, Post-Communist Politics: An Introduction. London: Prentice Hall, 1997.

Hendrych, Dusan. “Constitutionalism and Constitutional Change in Czechoslovakia,” pp. 278-295 in Joachim J. Hesse and Nevil Johnson eds. Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Henkin, Louis. “A New Birth of Constitutionalism: Genetic Influences and Genetic Defects.” Cardozo Law Review, 14 (1993).

Henkin, Louis. “Revolutions and Constitutions,” Louisiana Law Review, 49 (1989): 1023-1056.*

Henningham, Stephen. “A Dialogue of the Deaf: Attitudes and Issues in New Caledonian Politics,” Pacific Affairs, 61, 4 (1988/1989), 633-652.

Henrard, Kristin and Stefan Smis, “Recent Experiences in South Africa and Ethiopia to Accommodate Cultural Diversity: A Regained Interest in the Right of Self-Determination,” Journal of African Law, 44 (2000): 17-51.*

Hermet, Guy. “Emerging from Dictatorship: The Role of the constitution in Spain (1978) and Portugal (1976),’ pp. 257-273 in Vernon Bogdanor, ed., Constitutions in Democratic Polities. Aldershot: Gower, 1988.

Hermida, Alfred. “Democracy Derailed,” Africa Report, March/April 1992: 13-17.

Herspring, Dale R., “Civil-military Relations in Post-communist Poland; Problems in the Transition to a Democratic Polity,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 33 (2000) 71-100.

Herspring, Dale. “The Search for Stability in the Russian Army,” pp.78-93 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Herzig, Edmund. The New Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. London : Pinter, 1999 pp.1-47.

Hesse, Joachim Jens and Nevil Johnson. Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Hesse, Joachim Jens and Nevil Johnson. “The Agenda of Constitutional Change in Europe: Adaptation, Transformation, and Internationalization,” pp. 371-392 in Hesse, Joachim Jens and Nevil Johnson. Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Hezel, Francis X. “Looking ahead to the end of Trusteeship, T.T.P.I.,” The Journal of Pacific History, 13, 1 (1978), 204-210.

Hickling, R.H. Essays in Malaysian Law. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Pelanduk Publications (1991) p.149-182, 224-246.

Hickling, R.H. “The Prerogative in Malaysia,” Malaya Law Review, 17, 2 (1975), 207-232.

Hinck, Jon. “Comment: The Republic of Palau and the United States: Self-determination Becomes the Price of Free-Association,” California Law Review, 78, (1990), 915-971

Hoe, Vu Dinh. “Les quatre constitutions de Vietnam”Vietnamese Law Journal 2 (1995) :24-8).

Hohol, Keenan. “The draft Constitution of Ukraine: An Overview,” Review of Constitutional Studies, 1, 2 (1994): 246-297.

Hollis, Wendy. Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe, The Influence of the Communist Legacy in Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Romania. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Holmes, Stephen. “Designing Electoral Regimes,” East European Constitutional Review, 3, 2 (Spring 1994).

Holmes, Stephen. Passions and Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Holmes, Stephen. “Precommitment and the Paradox of Democracy,” pp. 195-240 in Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad, eds., Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Holmes, Stephen and Cass R. Sunstein, “The Politics of Constitutional Revision in Eastern Europe,” pp. 275-306 in Sanford Levinson, ed., Responding to Imperfection: The

Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Holovaty, Serhiy. “Ukraine in Transition: From Newly Emerged Democracy Towards Autocracy?” Review of Central and East European Law, 26, 3 (2000): 267-309.

Horowitz, Donald. “Comparing Democratic Systems,” pp. 127-133 in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Horowitz, Donalid L. “Constitutional Design: Proposals Versus Processes,” pp. 15-54 in Andrew Reynolds, ed., The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Howard, A. E. Dick. “Constitution-Making in Central and Eastern Europe,” Suffolk University Law Review, 28 (Spring 1994): 5-16.

Howard, A. E. Dick. “Constitution-Making in Eastern Europe,” Political Studies 44, 1 (1996): 136* (Poland)

Howard, A. E. Dick, ed., Constitution-Making in Eastern Europe, 1993.

Howard, A.E. Dick. “Constitutional Reform,” pp. 97-110 in Staar, Richard F. ed., Transition to Democracy in Poland. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Hudson, Rex A. and Sandra W. Meditz, eds. Uruguay: A country study, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1992.

Hughes, Robert. “Fiji Islands: Failure of Constitutionalism?” Victoria University of Wellington Law Reiew, 32, 4 (2001): 915-952.

Hunt, Greg and Derrick Wilde. “Misrule of Law: The 1990 Constitution of the Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji,” Finnish Yearbook of International Law, 1993, 4 (1993): 423-452.

Hunter, Shireen. The Transcaucasus in Transition: Nation-Building and Conflict. Washington D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, c1994 pp.22-141. Huntington, Samuel P. “Reforming Civil-Military Relations,” Journal of Democracy, 6, 4 (1995): 7-17.

Huq, Abul Fazl. “Constitution-making in Bangladesh,” Pacific Affairs, 46, 1 (1973), 59-76.

Hurtado, Osvaldo. Political Power in Ecuador. Translated by Nick D. Mills, Jr. Boulder: Westview, 1985.

Huskey, Eugene. “Kyrgystan: The Fate of Political Liberalization,” pp. 242-273 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott. Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Hutchful, Eboe. "Reconstructing Civil-military Relations and the Collapseof Democracy in Ghana, 1979-81." African Affairs 96 (1997): 535-560.

Hutchful, Eboe. “Reconstructing Political Space: Militarism and Constitutionalism in Africa,” pp. 215-234 in Douglas Greenberg, et. al., Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Hutt, Michael, “Drafting the Nepal Constitution, 1990,” Asian Survey, XXXI, 11 (1991): 1020-1039.

Hyden, Goran. “Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa,” pp. 202-220 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Hyden, Goran. “Top-down democratization in Tanzania.” Journal of Democracy 10.4 (1999): 142-155.

Hyden, Goran and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Ibrahim, Jibrin. “Political Exclusion, Democratization and Dynamics of Ethnicity in Niger,” Africa Today, 41, 3, 1994: 15-

Idiaquez, Roberto Bogran. “Honduras: La constitucion de 1982 y sus enmiendas.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 119-121.

Ihonvebere, Julius O. “How to Make an Undemocratic constitution: the Nigerian Example,” Third World Quarterly, 21, 2 (2000), 343-366.

Ihonvbere, Julius O. “Where Is the Third Wave? A Critical Evaluation of Africa’s Non-Transition to Democracy,” Africa Today, 43, 4 (1996): 343-368. *

Iji, Tetsuro. “Multiparty Mediation in Tajikistan: The 1997 Peace Agreement.” International Negotiation 6 (2001): 357-385.

Imomov, A. “Razvitie kontseptsii Konstitusii suverennoi respubliki (Na opyte Tadzhikistana).” Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo I Pravo 61, 11 (1991): 11-18.

Imholz, Kathleen. “Can Albania Break the Chain? The 1993-94 Trials of Former High Communist Officials.” East European Constitutional Review 4,3 (54-60).

Inder, Stuart. “It was a Quiet Birth for Tuvalu.” Pacific Islands Monthly, November 1975.

Ingwerson, Marshall. “Ex-Soviet Kazakhs ready to Empower a Dictator.” Christian Science Monitor, August 28, 1995.

International Institute for Democracy. “Croatia,” 14 July 2000

The International Institute for Democracy ed. The Rebirth of democracy, 12 constitutions of Central and eastern Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 1996.

The International Institute for Democracy ed. Transition to Democracy. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 1997.

International Commission of Jurists. Democratisation and the Rule of Law in Kenya. ICJ Mission Report, April 1997. France: International Commission of Jurists, 1997.

International Commission of Jurists. “Human Rights in the World: Bahrain.” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists 41 (1988): 1-4.

International Commission of Jurists. “Human Rights in the World: Burma.” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists 41 (1988): 4-7.

International Constitutional Law, “Bosnia and Herzegovina Index”. (http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/bk_indx.html, accessed 30 August 2002)

International Constitutional Law. “Macedonia-Constitution,” www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/mk00000_.html, accessed October 3, 2001.

International Constitutional Law, “Slovenia Index,” http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/si__indx.html, 9/4/2002.

International Constitutional Law, “Ukraine Index”(http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/up_indx.html, accessed 22 August 2002).

International Crisis Group. “The Afghan Transitional Administration: Prospects and Perils.” Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2002.

International Crisis Group. Afghanistan’s Flawed Constitutional Process. ICG Asia Report no. 56. Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2003.

“Interview with Abel Muzorewa” 21 September 1979, source unknown (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

Intskirveli, G. Z., “The Constitution of Independent Georgia,” Review of Central and East European Law, 22, 1 (1996): 1-8.

Isala, Tito. “Secession and independence.” In Tuvalu – a History, edited by Hugh Laracy. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1983.

Islam, Nazrul. “Parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh: and assessment,” Asian Studies, Journal of the Department of Government and Politics; J.U., 14, 1 (1995), 28-37.

Issa Abdourhamane, Boubacar. Crise institutionnelle et democratization au Niger. Bordeaux: Centre d’Etude d’Afrique Noire (CEAN), 1996.

Ivanovic, Branislav. “Le referendum sur le statut du Montenegro et l’option pour un etat commun avec la Serbie,” Yugoslav Law, 20, 2-3 (1993), 95-104.

Iyob, Ruth. “The Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict: Diasporic vs. Hegemonic States in the Horn of Africa, 1991-2000,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 38, 4 (2000): 659-682.

Jain, Kiran B. “Constitution and the Law in the State of Kuwait: Highlights and Sidelights,” Islamic and Comparative Law Quarterly, VI, 4 (1986): 231-247. *

Jallow, Tamsir. "The Gambia's Transition to Civilian rule." Parliamentarian 79 (1998): 241-244.

James, R.W. and H. A. Lutchman. Law and the Political Environment in Guyana. Georgetown, Guyana: Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana, 1984.

Japan Economic Newswire. “ E. Timor assembly approves independence constitution,”22 March 2002 (accessed via LexisNexis, November 2, 2002).

Jasiewicz, Krystof, “Dead ends and new beginnings: the quest for a procedural republic in Poland,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 33 (2000) 101-122. *

Jeffries, Richard and Clare Thomas. "The Ghanaian elections of 1992."African Affairs 92 (1993) 331-366.

Jeffrey, Henry B. and Colin Baber. Guyana: Politics, Economics and Society - beyond the Burnham Era. London: Frances Pinter, 1986.

Jeldres, Julio A. “Cambodia’s Fading Hopes,” Journal of Democracy, 7, 1 (1996): 148-157.

Jeldres, Julio a. “The UN and the Cambodian Transition,” Journal of Democracy, 4,4 (October 1993): 104-116.

Jennings, Christian. “Macedonian MPs pave way for peace,” The Scotsman, November 17, 2001, page 10.

Joffe, George. “Turmoil in Chad,” Current History, 89, April (1990), 157-176.

Johnson, Barnabas. “The role of the United States in the erosion and collapse of constitutional governance in Kazakhstan.” Central Asia Monitor 1995, 6: 14-19.

Johnson, James. “Inventing Constitutional Traditions: The Poverty of Fatalism,” pp. 71-109 in John Ferejohn, Jack N. Rakove, and Jonathan Riley, eds., Constitutional Culture and Democratic Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Jolliffe, Jill. “East Timor approves draft constitution,” 11 February 2002 (accessed via LexisNexis, November 2, 2002).

Jonas, Susanne. “Democratization through peace.” In Globalization on the Ground: Postbellum Guatemalan Democracy and Development, edited by Christopher Chase-Dunn, Susanne Jonas and Nelson Amaro. Lanham, Mass.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Jonas, Susanne and Nancy Stein. “The Construction of Democracy in Nicaragua,” Latin American Perspectives, 17, 3 (Summer 1990): 10-37.

Jugnauth, Ashok. "A new republic: Mauritius severs a constitutional link,not a Commonwealth connection." Parliamentarian 73 (1992): 151-154.*

Juhn, Tricia. Negotiating Peace in El Salvador: Civil-military Relations and the Conspiracy to End the War. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.

Jumbala, Prudhisan. “Thailand: Constitutional Reform Amidst Economic Crisis,” pp. 265-291 in Southeast Asian Affairs 1998.

Jung, Courtney and Ian Shapiro. “South Africa’s Negotiated Transition: Democracy, Opposition, and the New Constitutional Order,” Politics & Society, 23, 3 (September 1995): 269-308.

Jupp, James and Marian Sawer. “The New Hebrides: From condominium to independence.” Australian Outlook 33 (1979): 15-26.

Jupp, James. Sri Lanka- Third World Democracy. London: Frank Cass and Company LTD (1978) p258-292.

Kabudi, John Palamagamba, “The Directive Principles of State Poicy versus Duties of the Individual in East African Constitutions,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 28, 3 (1995):272-303.

Kacic, Hrvoje. “Recognizing Croatia’s independence: the Role of the United States and the European Community,” Journal of Croatian Studies, 32-33, 1991-1992.

Kalulambi Pongo, Martin. Transition et Conflits Politiques au Congo-Kinshasa. Paris: Karthala, 2001.

Kalyvas, Andreas. “Schmitt and the Categories of the Political: Carl Scmitt and the Three Moments of Democracy,” Cardozo Law Review, 21 (May 2000): 1525-

Kalyvas, Stathis N. “Commitment Problems in Emerging Democracies: The Case of Religious Parties,” Comparative Politics, 32, 4 (July 2000): 379-397.

Kamali, Masoud. Revolutionary Iran: Civil Society and State in the Modernization Process. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Law in Afghanistan: A study of the Constitutions, Matrimonial Law and the Judiciary. Leiden: Brill, 1985.

Kamanga, Kothi, “The Malawi Republic Constitution and Multi-Partyism: Main Concerns,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 26, 3 (1993): 25-257.*

Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catherine Barnes, eds. “Chronology.” Accord 10 (2001). Available from http://www.c-r.org/accord/tajik/accord10/inter.htm , accessed December 6, 2002.

Kamrava, Mehran. “Frozen Political Liberalization in Jordan: The Consequences for Democracy,” Democratization, 5, 1 (Spring 1998): 138-157.

Kamto, Maurice. “Les nouvelles institutions constitutionnnelles et politiques de la Republique Centrafricaine,” Penant, 99, 799 (1989), 7-31.

Kankeu Taghedjo, Joseph. Le Pouvoir Constituant dans l’Elaboration des Nouvelles Constitutions des Pays d’Afrique Noire Francophone. Villeneuve d’Ascq, France: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2001.

Karibe Mendy, Peter. “A emergencia do pluralismo politico na guine-bissau.” In Pluralismo Politico na Guine-Bissau: Uma transicao em curso, edited by Fafali Koudawo and Peter Karibe Mendy. Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pequisa, 1996.

Katjasungkana, Nug. 2001. The East Timor Constituent Assembly. Hamutuk Hari’I Nassaun Demokratiko No. 02, Week II.

Katsoudas, Dimitrios K. “The constitutional framework.” In Political Change in Greece: Before and after the Colonels, edited by Kevin Featherstone and Dimitios K. Katsoudas. Beckenham, England: Croom Kent Ltd., 1987.

Kaufmann, Chaim. “Intervention in Ethnic and Ideological Civil Wars: Why One Can Be Done and the Other Can’t,” Security Studies, 6, 1 (1996): 62-100. *

Kazakhstan. Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Almaty, Kazakhstan: September 6, 1995. Available at https://www.kz/eng/kzinfo/CONST/CONSTENG/Ukaz1.htm , accessed January 6, 2003.

Keller, Edmond J. “Revolution and State Power in Ethiopia.” Current History 87 (May 1988), 217-220 and 230-232.*

Khaitov, M.O. “Konstitutsionnaia reforma v Turkmenistane.” Gosudarstvo I Pravo 64, 10 (1994): 46-53.

Khan, Hamid. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Kibwana, Kivutha with Chris Maina Peter and Joseph Oloka-Onyango, In Search of Freedom and Prosperity: Constitutional Reform in East Africa. Nairobi: Claripress Limited, 1996.

Kiernan, Brendan. The End of Soviet Politics: Elections, Legislatures, and the Demise of the Communist Party. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Kikuta, Masanori, “Cambodia adopts Constitution in ‘Victory for Democracy,’” September 21, 1993 (accessed via LexisNexis, 9/28/02).

Kim, Tscholsu and Sang Don Lee. “The Influence of U.S. Constitutional Law Doctrines in Korea,” pp. 303-330 in Beer, Lawrence Ward, ed. Constitutional Systems in Late Twentieth Century Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992.

King, Charles, “Potemkin Democracy: Four myths about Post-Soviet Georgia,” National Interest, 64, (Summer 2001) 93-104.

King, Charles, “The Benefits of Ethnic War, Understanding Eurasia’s Unrecognized States,” World Politics, 53, (July 2001) 524-552.

Klein, James R. "The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand: A Blueprint for Participatory Democracy." Working Paper #8. New York: The Asia Foundation, March 1998.

Klintworth, Gary. “Cambodia 1992: Hopes Fading,” pp. 113-129 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1993.

Klug, Heinz. “Co-operative Government in South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Constitutions: Embracing the German Model?” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 33, 4 (2000): 432-453.

Klug, Heinz. “Model and Anti-Model: The United States Constitution and the ‘Rise of World Constitutionalism’” Wisconsin Law Review, 2000 (2000): 597-

Klug, Heinz. “Participating in the Design: Constitution-Making in South Africa,” Review of Constitutional Studies 3, 1 (1996): 18-59. *

Klug, Heinz. “South Africa’s New Constitution: The Challenges of Diversity and Identity,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 28, 4 (1995): 421-448.

Kohn, Richard H. “How Democracies Control the Military,” Journal of Democracy, 8, 4 (1997): 140-153.

Kolarova, Rumyana and Dimitr Dimitrov, “The Roundtable Talks in Bulgaria,” pp. 178-212 in Elster, Jon, ed. The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Kolmar, Martin. “Constitutions as Commitment or Coordination Device?” Constitutional Political Economy, 11 (2000): 371-374.

Kombila-Iboanga, “A propos de la pratique recente de la conference nationale en Afrique noire a la numiere de la conference nationale gabonaise: une nouvelle forme de declatation des droits?” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 45, 3-4 (1991): 267-281.

Konstantinov, Emil. “The Establishment of Democratic Institutions in Bulgaria,” Journal of Constitutional Law in Eastern and Central Europe, 1 (1994): 191-208.

Kopecky, Petr. “The Czech Republic: From the Burden of the Old Federal Constitution to the Constitutional Horse Trading Among Political Parties.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 319-346.

Kornblith, Miriam. “The Politics of Constitution-Making: Constitutions and democracy in Venezuela.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 23, 1 (1991): 61-89. Peter Sack, ed., Pacific Constitutions. Proceedings of the Canberra Law Workshop VI, 1982.

Kouassi, Edmond Kwam. “Reflexions sur la constitution Togolaise de la IVe Republique,” Revue Congolaise de droit, 11-14 (January 1992-December 1993): 140-157.

Kozlov, Sergei. “The parliament is adopting the constitution.” Russian Press Digest, January 23, 1993.

Kozlov, Sergei. “Kazakhstan: Parliament adopts a constitution.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, March 3, 1993.

Kozlov, Sergei. “Kazakhstan: the republic gets a constitution.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, March 3, 1993.

Kufuor, Kofi O., “The Limits of Human Rights: Some Aspects of the Ghanian Fourth Republican Constitution in Perspective,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 26, 4 (1993): 362-371.

Kusainova, Azhar and Gregory Gleason. "Constitutional reform and regional politics in Kazakstan." Nationalities Papers (Sept 1998): 531-544.

Kuzmanovic, Tomislav Z. “Croatia’s constitution: a blueprint for democracy in Croatia,” Journal of Croatian Studies, 32-33, 1991-1992.

Kuznetsov, L., “Europe: Bulgaria”, The Current Digest of the Soviet Press XLIII, 29 (1991): 18-19.

Kvyatkovskaya, Tatyana. “Skirmish for power: the Kazakhstan version.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, March 3, 1993.

Kymlicka, Will. Can Liberal Pluralism be Exported?: Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations in Eastern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Kymlicka, Will. “Human Rights and Ethnocultural Justice,” Review of Constitutional Studies, 4, 2 (1998): 213-238.

Kyodo News Service, “New Vietnamese Constitution Encourages Market Economy” 20 April 1992 (Accessed via LexisNexis, 10/05/02).

Labouri, Addi. “Algeria’s Tragic Contradiction,” Journal of Democracy, 7, 3 (1996): 94-107.

Laitin, David D. “The Sharia debate and the origins of Nigeria’s Second Republic.” Journal of Modern African Studies 20, 3 (1982): 411-430.

Laguardia, Jorge Mario Garcia. “Constitutional framework for political parties in Central America: From exclusion to participation.” In Political Parties and Democracy in Central America, edited by Louis W. Goodman, William M. LeoGrande, and Johanna Mendelson Forman. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Lal, Brij V. “Chiefs and Thieves and Other People besides’: The Making of George Speight’s Coup,” The Journal of Pacific History, 35, 3 (2000), 281-293.

Lal, Brij V. “Constitutional Engineering in Post-Coup Fiji,”pp.267-292 in Andrew Reynolds ed. The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.*

Lal, Brij V. “Current Developments in the Pacific: Towards a United Future, Report of the Fiji Constitution Review Commission,” The Journal of Pacific History, 32, 1 (1997), 71-84.

Lal, Brij V. “Making History, Becoming History: Reflections on the Alleged Failure of the Fiji Constitution,” Contemporary Pacific 14, 1 (2002): 148-167.

Laloupo, Francis. “La Conference Nationale du Benin: Un Concept Nouveau de Changement de Regime Politique,” Annee Africaine 1992-1993: 89-110.

Lambert, Peter and Andrew Nickson, eds. The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay. Basingstoke, England: Macmillan Press, 1997.

“Lancaster House Conference: The Patriotic Front’s Reply to Lord Carrington’s Statement” 11 October 1979 (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

“The Lancaster House Conference: Lord Carrington’s Statement in Reply to the Patriotic Front’s Papers” 9 October 1979 (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

Lanne, Bernard. “Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and the Blockage of Reforms, pp. 267-286 in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.

Lashmar, Paul. “Lurching toward democracy.” Africa Report 37, 2 (1992): 68-71.

Leclercq, Claude. “La constitution de la Republique de Djibouti du 15 septembre 1992,” Revue Juridique et Politique, Independence et Cooperation, 47, 1 (1993), 71-77.

Lee, H.P. “Constitutional Amendments in Malaysia,” Malaya Law Review, 18, 1 (1976), 59-124.

Lee, H. P. Constitutional Conflicts in Contemporary Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Lee, H.P. “The Process of Constitutional Change in Malaysia” pp. 369-401 in Suffian, Tun Mohamed, Lee, H.P. and Trindade, F.A. eds. The Constitution of Malaysia, Its Development: 1957-1977. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press (1978).

Lemarchand, Rene. “Managing Transition Anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa in Comparative Perspective,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 32, 4 (1994): 581-604. *

Lendvai, Paul and Parcell, Lis. “Yugoslavia without Yugoslavs: The Roots of the Crisis,” International Affairs 67, 2 (1991), 251-261.

Lesch, Ann M. “Democratization in a Fragmented Society: Sudan,” pp. 203-222 in Baghat Korany, Rex Brynen, and Paul Noble, Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1998.

Lesotho. National Constituent Assembly. Report of the National Constitutional Commission 1991/1992. Maseru, Lesotho, 1995.

Letter from Members of US Congress to Speaker of East Timor Constituent Assembly, 10 January 2002 (accessed via http://www.tip.net.au/~wildwood/01octwomen.htm, November 3, 2002).

Lev, Daniel S. “Social Movements, Constitutionalism, and Human Rights: Comments from the Malaysian and Indonesian Experiences,” pp. 139-155 in Douglas Greenberg, et. al., Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

LeVine, Mark. “Peacemaking in El Salvador.” In Keeping the Peace: Multidimensional UN operations in Cambodia and El Salvador, edited by Michael W. Doyle, Ian Johnstone, and Robert C. Orr. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1997: 227-254.

LeVine, Victor. “The Rise and Fall of Constitutionalism in West Africa,” Journal of Modern African Studies, Spring 1997.

Levinson, Sanford, ed., Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton, 1995.*

Levit, Janet Koven. “The Constitutionalization of Human Rights in Argentina: Problem or Promise?” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 37 (1999): 281-355. *

Levy, Warren. 1988. “Zimbabwe’s Constitutional Model for Multi-Racial Africa” Temple International and Comparative Law Journal 2: 135-48.

Lewis, Peter M. "Endgame in Nigeria? The Politics of a Failed DemocraticTransition." African Affairs 93 (1994) 323-340.

Lhoest, Brigitte F. P., “Constitutional Reform in Argentina,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 28, 2 (1995): 155-165.

Libaridian, Gerald J. The Challenge of Statehood: Armenian Political Thinking Since Independence. Cambridge, Mass.: Blue Crane Books, 1999. *(excerpt)

Library of Congress, “Chile: The Constitutional Reforms of 1989,” Chile—A Country Study, Federal Research Division/Country Studies, http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs.

Licklider, Roy. “The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945-1993.” American Political Science Review, 89 (September 1995): 681-90.

Licklider, Roy. Stopping the Killing: How Civil Wars End. NY: NYU Press, 1993.

Liebenow, J. Gus. Liberia: The Quest for Democracy. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1987.

Lien, Molly Warner. “Red Star Trek: Seeking a Role for Constitutional Law in Soviet Disunion,” Stanford Journal of International Law, 30 (1994): 1-114.

Lijphart, Arend. “Constitutional Choices for New Democracies,” Journal of Democracy, 2(1): 72-84.

Lijphart, Arend. “Democratization and Constitutional Choices in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland 1989-1991” Journal of Theoretical Politics, 4, 2, 1992: 207-23.

Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.*

Liniger-Goumaz, Maz. De la Guinee Equatoriale Nguemiste: Elements pour le dossier de l’afro-fascisme. Geneva: Les editions du temps, 1983.

Liniger-Goumaz, Max. ONU et Dictatures: De la democratie et des droits de l’homme. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1984.

Litvinova, I. “Changes made in constitution.” Current Digest of the Soviet Press, November 28, 1990.

Litvinova, Irina. “Latvia: Deputies called upon to ‘confess’.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, March 18, 1992.

Llorente, Francisco Rubio. “The Writing of the Constitution of Spain,” pp. 239-265 with commentary by Jose Pedro Perez-Llorca and others in Robert A. Goldwin and Art Kaufman, eds., Constitution Makers on Constitution Making: The Experience of Eight Nations. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1988.

Lobban, Richard, Jr. Cape Verde: Crioulo Colony to Independent Nation. San Francisco: Westview Press, 1995*

Lobel, Jules. “The Meaning of Democracy: Representative and Participatory Democracy in the New Nicaraguan Constitution,” University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 49 (1988): 823-889.

Lombardi, Clark Brenner. “Islamic Law as a Source of Constitutional Law in Egypt: The Constitutionalization of the Sharia in a Modern Arab State,” Columbia Journal of Transnationa Law, 37, 1 (1998): 81-123.

“Lord Carringon Opening Speech”, speech given at opening of Lancaster House Constitutional Conference, 11 September 1979 (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

Los Angeles Times. “Rebel reportedly will turn in last arms; Macedonia buoyed by a planned NATO presence, guerrillas are to comply despite hitch in reforms,” September 19, 2001, pA34.

Los Angeles Times. “Macedonia acts on constitution; Balkans: Changes to boost Albanian rights are approved but still require ratification,” September 25, 2001, pA19.

Lourde, Albert and Francois-Paul Blanc. “Le cycle constitutionnel burkinabe (1960-1991).” In Constitution et Regime Politique au Burkina Faso, edited by Francois Paul Blanc, Albert Lourde, and Bernard Saint-Girons. Perpignan, France: Presses Universitiares de Perpignan, 1994, 11-19.

Lozada, Carlos. “Peru’s dilemma.” Commonweal 127, 20 (2000): 10.

Lozancic, Dado. “Chronology of events in Croatia (1990-1992),” Journal of Croatian Studies, 32-33, 1991-1992.

Luban, David. “The Publicity Principle,” pp. 154-198 in Robert E. Goodin, ed., The Theory of Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Ludwikowski, Rett R. Constitution-Making in the Region of Former Soviet Dominance. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996.

Ludwikowski, Rett R. “Fundamental Constitutional Rights in the New Constitutions of Eastern and Central Europe,” Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law, 3 (1995): 73-73-162.

Ludwikowski, Rett R. ““Mixed” Constitutions- Products of an East-Central European Constitutional Melting Pot,” Boston University International Law Journal, 16 (Spring 1998): 1-70.

Ludwikowski, Rett. “Searching for a New Constitutional Model for East-Central Europe,” 17 Syracuse Journal of. International Law & Com (1991).

Lukashuk, Alexander. “Constitutionalism in Belarus: A false start.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 293-318.

Lunda-Bululu. La conclusion des traits en droit constitutionnel zairois. Brussels: Bruylant, Editions de l’Universite de Bruxelles, 1984.

Lungo Ucles, Mario. El Salvador en los años 80: Contrainsurgencia y revolucion. Havana, Cuba: Casa de las Americas, 1991.

Luong, Pauline Jones. “After the Break-Up: Institutional Design in Transitional States,” Comparative Political Studies, 33, 5 (2000): 563-592.

Lynch, C.J. The Constitution of Vanuatu. Parliamentarian 62 (1981) 46-53.

Lynch, C.J. Three Pacific Island constitutions: comparisons. Parliamentarian 61 (1980): 133-141.

Lyons, Terrence. “Closing the Transition: The May 1995 elections in Ethiopia.” Journal of Modern African Studies 34,1 (Mar 1996): 121-142.

Lyons, Terrence. Postconflict Elections: War Termination, Democratization, and Demilitarizing Politics. Working Paper No. 20. Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University.

Maarseveen, Henc van and Ger van der Tang. Written Constitutions: A Computerized Comparative Study. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1978.

MacClancy, L.V. “Current Developments in the Pacific, From New Hebrides to Vanuatu, 1979-80,” The Journal of Pacific History, 16, 1 (1981), 92-104.

MacClancy, L.V. “Current Developments in the Pacific, Vanuatu since Independence,” The Journal of Pacific History, 19, 1 (1984), 100-112.

Maclellan, Nic. “Political Chronicles, The Noumea Accord and Decolonization in New Caledonia,” 34, 3 (1999), 245-252.

Macdonald, Barrie. Cinderellas of the Empire: Toward a history of Kiribati and Tuvalu. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1982.

Macdonald, Scott B. “Insurrection and redemocratization in Suriname?: The Ascendancy of the ‘Third Path’.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, 1 (1988): 105-132.

Machete, Rui. “Los principios estructurales de la constitucion y la revision constitucional en Portugal.” Revista de Estudios Politicos 60-61 (n.e.) 1988: 913-934.

Machobane, L. B. B. J. “Perceptions on the Constitutional Future for the Kingdom of Lesotho, Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, XXVI, 2 (July 1988): 185-202.

Maestre Alfonso, Juan. Constituciones y Leyes Politicas de America Latina, Filipinas y Guinea Ecuatorial. Seville: Esucuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1987.

Magalhaes, Jose. “Mañana la IV Republica?” Revista de Estudios Politicos 60-61 (n.e.) 1988: 935-952.

Mahao, Nqosa Lenta. “The Constitution, the Elite and the Monarchy’s Crisis in Lesotho,” Lesotho Law Journal, 10, 1 (XXXX): 165-191.

Mahao, Nquosa Leuta. “Constitutional Orders and the Struggle for the Control of the State in Lesotho from 1966 to 1989,” Lesotho Law Journal, 7, 2 (XXXX): 1-19.

Mahao, Nqosa Leuta. “The Law and the Political Debates in Lesotho: An Assessment of the Retrocession and Integration Discourses,” Lesotho Law Review, 8, 2 (XXXX): 59-74.

Mahmood, Safdar. Constitution of Pakistan: Comments and comparison. Lahore: A.H. Publishers, 1995.

Mahmood, Safdar. “Zia’s constitutional politics for power: 1985-88.” Orient 30, 4 (1990): 571-580.

Maidoka, Aboubacar. “La constitution nigerienne du 24 septembre 1989,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 45, 1 (1991): 113-131.

Maila, Joseph. The Document of National Understanding: A commentary. Oxford: Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1992.

Maila, Joseph. “The Ta’if Accord: an Evaluation,” pp. 31-45 in Deirdre Collings, ed., Peace for Lebanon? From War to Reconstruction. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 19XX.

Maisrikrod, Surin. “Changing forms of democracy in Asia? Some observations from the Thai and Philippine constitutions,” Asian Studies Review, 23, 3, (1999), 355-373.

Makassy, Gilbert. “La Constitution congolaise du 15 mars 1992,” Revue juridique et politique, independence et cooperation. 49, 1 (January-April 1995): 18-

Makoa, F. K. “The Meaning of Reconciliation and Unity in Lesotho of the 1980s: Implications for Future Constitutional Developments,” Lesotho Law Journal,

Malawi Constitution Committee. “Report of the Constitution Committee to the National Assembly on the Constitutional Conference on the Provisional Constitution held in Lilongwe,” p1, 2, 9.

Malawi: National Consultative Council (NCC) Constitutional Conference. “Summary of Deliberations,” Kwacha International Conference Center, Blantyre, 21st-23rd February, 1994.

Malawi Parliament. Constitution Committee. “Report of the Constitution Committee to the National Assembly on the National Constitutional Conference on the Provisional Constitution,” Lilongwe, Malawi.

Maldeikis, Eugenijus and Rainys, Gediminas. “Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania: the way to Europe,” pp.133-150 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-Communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Malik, John. “The Dayton Agreement and Elections in Bosnia: Entrenching Ethnic Cleansing Through Democracy,” Stanford Journal of International Law, 36 (Summer 2000): 303-355.

Malova, Darina. “Slovakia: From the ambiguous constitution to the dominance of informal rules.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 347-377.

Maluka, Zulfikar Khalid. The Myth of Constitutionalism in Pakistan. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Mannan, Abdul and Alam, Shamsul. “Constitutional amendments in Bangladesh: An Analysis,” Asian Studies, Journal of the Department of Government and Politics; J.U., 20, 1 (2001), 1-8.

Manning, Carrie L. Democratic Transition in Mozambique, 1992-1995: Beginning at the end? [Ph.D. dissertation]. University of California, Berkeley, 1997.

Manning, Carrie L. The Politics of Peace in Mozambique: Post-conflict Democratization, 1992-2000. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2002.

Mansur, Albir. al-Inqilab ‘alá al-Ta’if. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Jadid, 1993.

Manzione, Lara L. “Human Rights in the Kingdom of Nepal: Do they only exist on Paper?,” Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 27 (2001): 193-244.*

Marasinghe, M. L. “Ethnic Politics and Constitutional Reform: The Indo-Sri Lankan Accord,” International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 37, 3 (1988): 551-587. *

Marcou, Jean. “L’experience constitutionnelle turque,” Revue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique en France at a l’ etranger, 2 (1996), 425-462.

Marcus, Harold G. A History of Ethiopia updated edition. Berkeley : University of California Press, 2002.

Marcus, Richard R. “Madagascar: Legitimizing Autocracy,” Current History, 100, 646, May 2001: 226-231.

Marko, Joseph. “Bosnia and Herzegovina: Multi-Ethnic or Multinational?” pp. 92-118 in Societies in Conflict: The Contribution of Law and Democracy to Conflict Resolution. Science and Technique of Democracy, no. 29. European Commission for Democracy through Law. Council of Europe Publishing, 19xx.

Markovic, Ratko. “Constitutional Status of Serbia and Her choice for a Joint State with Montengro,” Yugoslav Law, 20, 2-3 (1993), 83-94.

Markovic, Ratko. “National and International Significance of the Constitutional Transformation of Yugoslavia,” Yugoslav Law, 2 (1992): 55-68.

Markovic, Ratko. “The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia,” www.serbia-info.com/facts/constitution.html 9/18/2002.

Markovich, Stephen C. “Democracy in Croatia: Views from the opposition,” East European Quarterly, 32, 1 (March), 1998.

Marks, Stephen P. “The New Cambodian Constitution: From Civil War to a Fragile Democracy,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 26 (1994): 45-110.

Marks, Stephen P. “The Process of Creating a New Constitution in Cambodia,” Draft. United State Institute of Peace, Working Group on Constitution-Making, Peace Building, and National Reconciliation, 2002.

Markus, Ustina, “New Constitution Largely a Formality”, Transition, 2, 18 (1996): 14-15.

Markus, Ustina, “Rivals Compromise on Constitution”, Transition, 2, 15 (1996):36-37.

Marples, David. Belarus: A Denationalized Nation. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.

Martin, Michel-Louis and Cabanis, Andre G. “La loi fondamentale haitienne de mars 1987: les ambiguities du constitutionnalisme post-duvalieriste,” Revue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique en France at a l’ etranger, 3 (1995), 603-623.

Martinez-Lara, Javier. Building Democracy in Brazil. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Maruste, Rait. “Democracy and the rule of law in Estonia: Progress Achieved and the Problems Remaining,” Review of Central and East European Law, 26, 3 (2000), 311-327.

Massa, Salvatore. “Secession by Mutual Assent: A Comparative Analysis of the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the Separatist Movement in Canada,” Wisconsin International Law Journal, 14 (1995): 183-

Massina, Palouki. “De la souverainete des conferences nationals africaines,” Revue burkinabe de droit, 24 (December 1993): 224-251.

Mataitoga, Isikeli, “Constitution-Making in Fiji: The Search for a Practical Solution,” Melanesian Law Journal, 19 (1991): 43-63.

Matchavariana, Ivane, “The Peace Process and Transition to Democratic Rule in Georgia,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 552, (July 1997) 98-106.

Mathernova, Katarina. “Czecho?Slovokia: Constitutional Disappointments,” pp.57-92 in A. E. Dick Howard ed. Constitution Making in Eastern Europe. Washington D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1993.

Mates, Pavel. “The Czech Constitution,” The RFE/RL Research Report, 2, 10 (1993): 53-57.

Matirosyan, Arthur G., “Commentary on Georgia,” pp.401-407 in Alexei Arbatov, Abram Chayes, et al. eds., Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives. Cambridge: MIT Press, c1997.

Mathur, Raj. “Parliamentary Representation of Minority Communities: The Mauritian Experience,” Africa Today, 44, 1 (1997): 61-82.

Mattei, Ugo. “Patterns of African constitution in the making.” In International Conference on African Constitutions, edited by Valeria Piergigli and Irma Taddia. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 2000: 145-171.

Matthews, Bruce. “Trouble in Sri Kotha: Strains and Perils of Democracy in Sri Lanka,” The Round Table, 322 (1992): 215-227.

Mauceri, Philip. “State Reform, Coalitions, and the Neoliberal Autogolpe in Peru.” Latin American Research Review 30, 1 (1995): 7-37.

May, Roy and Massey, Simon. “The 1996 and 1997 elections in Chad,” Electoral Studies, 20 (2001), 127-169.

May, R.J. and Regan, A.J. with Allison Ley eds. Political Decentralization in a New State, The Experience of Provincial Government in Papua New Guinea. Hong Kong: Crawford House Publishing (1997). p.1-77, 383-395.

Mayorgo, Rene Antonio. “Bolivia’s Silent Revolution,” Journal of Democracy, 8, 1 (1997): 142-156.

Mayer-Schonberger, Viktor. “Into the Heart of the State: Intervention Through Constitution-Making,” Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 8 (Fall 1994): 315-

Mbaku, John Mukum. “Effective Constitutional Discourse as an Important First Step to Democratization in Africa,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 31, 1-2 (1996): 39-51.

Mbao, Melvin L. M., “Human Rights and Discrimination: Zambia’s Constitutional Amendment, 1996,” Journal of African Law, 42, 1 (1998): 1-11.

Mbete-Kgositsile, Baleka. “The Principal Actors in the South African Constitution-Making Process,” pp. 25-42 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Mbome, Francois. “Les experiences de revision constitutionnelle au Cameroun,” Penant, 102, 808 (1992), 19-45.

McCleary, Rachel M. Dictating Democracy: Guatemala and the End of Violent Revolution. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 1999.

**McConnell, Shelley. Excerpt from dissertation (need full citation)

McCormick, Shawn H. “Zaire II: Mobutu, Master of the Game?” Current History, 93, 583 (May 1994): 223-227.

McDorman, Ted L. “The 1991 Constitution of Thailand,” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 3, 2 (1995): 257-298.

McFarland, Maria and Sanchez-Moreno, “When a ‘Constitution’ is a Constitution: Focus on Peru,” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 33, 2 (2001): 561-616.

McGuire, Robert. “Constitution Making: A Rational Choice Model of the Federal Convention of 1787,” 32 American Journal of Political Science, 483 (1988).

McLachlan, Campbell. “The Fiji Constitution Crisis of May 1987: A Legal Assessment,” New Zealand Law Journal, June 1987: 175-181.

McMahon, Margery A. “Democracy and State Consolidation in the Former Soviet Union: Belarus—A State of Independence?” Contemporary Political Studies 1997: 583-88.

McPherson, Christina M. “Russia’s 1993 Constitution: Rule of Law for Russia or Merely a Return to Autocracy?” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 27, 1 (Fall 1999): 155.*

Meinhardt, Heiko, “How it Began: External Actors in the Early Phase of the Democratic Transition in Malawi,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 24, 2 (2001): 220-240.

Meldrum, Andrew. “Trouble in Paradise,” Africa Report, 39, 2 (1994), 61-63.

Meller, Norman with assistance of Terza Meller. Constitutionalism in Micronesia. Honolulu: Institute for Polynesian Studies, Brigham Young University—Hawaii Campus, distributed by University of Hawaii Press, 1985.

Meller, Norman. “On Matters Constitutional in Micronesia,” The Journal of Pacific History, 15, 1 (1980), 83-92.

Melone, Albert P. Creating Parliamentary Government: The Transition to Democracy in Bulgaria. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1998.

Melvin, Neil J. Uzbekistan: Transition to Authoritarianism on the Silk Road. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000.

Mendes Fernades, Raul. “Guinee-Bissau: Transition democratique?” L’Afrique Politique 1994: 81-91.

Mentan, Tatah. “Cameroon: A Flawed Transition to Democracy,” pp. 41-57 in Jean-Germain Gros, ed., Democratization in Late Twentieth-Century Africa: Coping with Uncertainty. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,

Merrill, Tim, ed. Guyana and Belize: Country Studies. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1992.

Merrill, Tim, ed. Honduras: A country study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1994.

Messing, Barbara. “El Salvador.” In Words over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict, edited by Melanie C. Greenberg, John H. Barton, and Margaret E. McGuinness. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2000: 161-181.

Messone, Nelson N. and Jean-Germain Gros. “The Irony of Wealth: democratization in Gabon,” pp. 130-146 in Jean-Germain Gros, ed., Democratization in Late Twentieth-Century Africa: Coping with Uncertainty. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,

Meyer, Karl E., “Icebergs in the Caucasus,” World Policy Journal, 18, 2 (2001) 89-92.

Micheau, Aaron P. “The 1991 Transitional Charter of Ethiopia: A New Appliction of the Self-Determination Principle?” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 28 (1996): 367-394.

Michta, Andrew R. The Government and Politics of Postcommunist Europe. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994.

Middle East Economic Digest. “Yemen,” News, Janet Matthews Information Services, June 14, 1996.

Middle East News Items. “Tajikistan’s parliament schedules referendum.” July 6, 1999.

Middle East News Items. “Tajik president approves constitutional amendments.” July 7, 1999.

Mihai, Lucian. “Constitutional Law in Romania,” pp. 51-69 in Stanislaw Frankowski and Paul B. Stephan III, eds., Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995. *

Mijeski, Kenneth J., ed. The Nicaraguan Constitution of 1987: English Translation and Commentary. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press for Center for International Studies, 1991.

Mijeski, Kenneth J., “Introduction,” pp. 1-22 in Mijeski, Kenneth J., ed. The Nicaraguan Constitution of 1987: English Translation and Commentary. Ohio University Center for International Studies, Latin America Series Number 17, Athens, OH, 1991.

Mijiga, Foster S. “The Role of Traditional Leaders in a Democratic Dispensation: A Selection of International Experiences,” Washington, D.C.: National Democratic Institute.

Miller, D. L. Carey and Anne Pope, “South African Land Reform,” Journal of African Law, 44, 2 (2000): 167-194.

Miller, Judith. “Creating modern Oman, an interview with Sultan Qabus,” Foreign Affairs, 76, 3 (1997), 13-18.

Miller, Nicholas J. “A Failed Transition: The Case of Serbia,” pp. 146-188 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Miranda, Jorge. “La constitucion de 1976 en el ambito del constitucionalismo Portugues.” Revista de Estudios Politicos 60-61 (n.e.) 1988: 569-606.

Mishin, August. “Constitutional reform in the USSR.” In Toward the Rule of Law in Russia?: Political and legal reform in the transition period, edited by Donald D. Barry. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.

Mohammed, Jan. “Emergency Loya Jirga: Facts and figures.” Institute for Afghan Studies, 2002. Available at http://www.institute~for~afghan~studies.org/, accessed November 14, 2002.

Mohanty, Hrudananda. “Seychelles: A transition from one-party state to multi-party democracy.” Africa Quarterly 39,2 (1999): 89-103.

Molisa, Grace, Nikenike Vurobaravu, and Howard Van Trease. “Vanuatu: overcoming pandemonium.” In Politics in Melanesia, edited by Ahmed Ali and Ronald Gordon Crocombe. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1982: 84-

Moltmann, Gerhard. “Die Verfassungsentwicklung Afghanistans von 1901 bis 1986.” Jahrbuch des offentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart 35 (1986) 509-565.

Moltmann, Gerhard. “Weitere Verfassungsentwicklung Afghanistans bis 1988.” Jahrbuch des Offentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart 37 (1988): 741-747.

Moneyclips. “New Turkmen constitution to be modeled after Iran.” June 9, 1992.

Moore, Bob. “Decolonization by Default: Suriname and the Dutch Retreat from Empire.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 28, 3 (2000): 228-250.

Moore, Dennison. “The Westminster Model under attack: The report of the Constitution Commission of Trinidad and Tobago.” Journal of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies 8, 3 (1974): 291-317.

Moore, Rita. “The path to the new Russian constitution.” Democratizatsiya ??,?? (????): 44-60.

Moraski, Byron and Gerhard Loewenberg, “The Effect of Legal Thresholds on the Revival of Former Communist Parties in East-Central Europe,” Journal of Politics, 61, 1 (1999): 151-170.

Morris, James A. “Honduras: The burden of survival in Central America.” In Central America: Crisis and Adaptation, edited by Steve C. Ropp and James A. Morris. Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

Mortimer, Robert A. “Algeria After the Explosion,” Current History (April 1990): 161-164.

Moyrand, Alain. “Les nouvelles institutions politiques du Tchad: La charte nationale du 1 mars 1991,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 45, 3-4 (1991): 282-291.

Mozaffar, Shaheen, “Electoral Systems and Conflict Management in Africa: A Twenty-Eight State Comparison,” pp. 81-98 in Timothy D. Sisk and Andrew Reynolds, eds., Elections and Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1998.

Mpaka, Christine N. “The people and their constitution: Kenya’s constitutional process and the 1991 KANU Review Committee.” In Democratization and Law Reform in Kenya, edited by Smokin Wanjala and Kivutha Kibwana. Nairobi: Claripress Ltd., 1997, 1-31.

Mphaisha, Chisep J. J. “The State of Democratization in Zambia,” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 38, 3 (2000): 131-146.

“Slovakia’s Hungarian Party attacks new constitution.” MTI Hungarian News Agency, MTI Econews, September 2, 1992.

Mueller, Dennis C. Constitutional Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.*

Mueller, Dennis C. “Choosing a Constitution in East Europe: Lessons from Public Choice,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 15 (1991): 325-48.

Mugwanya, George. “The Legitimisation of the Constitution-Making Process in Uganda,” pp. 162-176 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Muhammadu, Turi. The Nigerian Constitution 1979: Framework for Democracy. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1982. (excerpt, 17-25)

Mulliner, K. “Brunei in 1984: business as usual after the gala” Asian Survey XXV, 2(1985):214-219.

Mukholi, David. A Complete Guide to Uganda’s Fourth Constitution: History, Politics, and the Law. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1995.

Munslow, Barry. “Mozambique: Marxism-Leninism in reverse, the Fifth Congress of Frelimo.” Journal of Communist Studies 6, 1 (March 1990): 109-112.

Murgio, David. “Forging Constitutionalism after Communism: Constitution-Making and Constitutionalism in Poland’s Third Republic,” Journal of East European Law, 6, 3 (1999): 225-298.

Murphy, John. “Property Rights in the New Constitution: An Analytic Framework for Constitutional Review,” Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, xxvi, 2 (July 1993): 211-233.

Murray, David. “The Gilbertese Plan a Home-made Constitution for Independence.” Pacific Islands Monthly, August 1977.

Murray, D.J. “Constitution-making in Tuvalu and Kiribati.” In Pacific Constitutions: Proceedings of the Canberra Law Workshop VI, edited by Peter Sack. Canberra: Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 1982, 125-134.

Murray, Rachel. “Preventing Conflicts in Africa: The Need for a Wider Perspective,” Journal of African Law, 45, 1 (2001): 13-24.

Mutharika, A. Peter. “The 1995 Democratic Constitution of Malawi,” Journal of African Law, 40, 2 (1996): 205-220.

Mutua, Makau wa. Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.

Mutunga, Willy. “The Principal Mechanisms of Constitution-Making,’ pp. 143-151 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Muyot, Alberto T. “Social Justice and the 1987 Constitution: Aiming for Utopia? (Philippines) Philippine Law Journal, 2 (1995): 310-70.

Mwalimu, Charles. “Police, State security forces and Human rights in Nigeria and Zambia: Dynamic Perspectives in Comparative Constitutionalism,” Third World Legal Studies, 1990: 85-132.

Mwiinga, Jowie. “Chill for Chiluba,” Africa Report, 39, 2 (1994), 58-60.

Nagan, Winston P., Artan Hoxha, and Paul J. Dirks, “Strengthening the Rule of Law in Albania: Impartiality, Independence, and the Transformation of the Legal Profession,” Review of Central and East European Law, 20, 6 (1994): 677-698.

Nahum, Fasil. “Ethiopia: Constitution for a Nation of Nations,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 60, Special Issue (1998): 91-198.

Naidu, Vijay. “Constitutional Change in Fiji: a reply,” The Journal of Pacific History, 33, 1 (1998), 295-297.

Nakhoda, Shehzaad and Zartash Uzmi, eds. “The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan [website].” Available at http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/ , accessed December 3, 2002.

Naldi, Gino J. “Constitutional Challenge to Land Reform in Zimbabwe,” Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa,” XXXI, 1 (March 1998): 78-91.

Napier, Clive. “Africa’s Constitutional Renaissance? Stocktaking in the ‘90s.” In Consolidation of Democracy in Africa, edited by Hussain Solomon and Ian Liebenberg. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2000.

National Consultative Council, Constitutional Conference, Blantyre, Malawi: Kwacha International Conference Centre, February 21-23, 1994.

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. “Southern Africa: Swaziland.” January 1999, Available online at www.ndi.org

National Library of Jamaica, “In a nutshell, the Jamaica Constitution of 1962” (www.nlj.org.jm/docs/constit.html, accessed 9/28/02)

National Library of Jamaica, “Independence Day” (www.nlj.org.jm/docs/indepedence_day.htm, accessed 9/28/02).

Ndegwa, Stephen N. “The Incomplete Transition: The Constitutional and Electoral Context in Kenya,” Africa Today, 45, 2 (1998): 193-212.

Ndulo, Muna. “Constitution-Making in Africa: Assessing Both the Process and the Content,” Sage Public Administration Abstracts, 28, 3 (2001): 301-445.

Ndulo, Muna. “The 1996 Zambian Constitution and the Search for a Durable Democratic Constitutional Order in Africa,” African Yearbook of International Law, edited by Abdulqawia A. Yusuf, 5 (1997): 137-174.

Ndulo, Muna B. and Robert B. Kent, “The Constitution of Zambia,” Zambia Law Journal, 30 (1998),1-28.

Ndulo, Muna B. and Robert B. Kent, “Constitutionalism in Zambia: Past, Present, and Future,” Journal of African Law, 40, 2 (1996): 256-278.

Negretto, Gabriel L. “Constitution-making and Institutiobal Design: the reform of presidentialism in the Argentine Constitution of 1994,” Latin America Studies Association, Pittsburg, PA? (1998).

Nemitz, Jan Christoph. “The Legal Status of the Republika Srpska,” OstEuropa Recht, 43, 2-3 (1997): 89-121.

News Network International (Pakistan). “Afghanistan to have democratic constitution: Commission member.” November 18, 2002.

News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean. “New constitution for Afghanistan soon.” April 1976: 296.

News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean. “Afghanistan to have parliamentary government.” June 1976: 467.

Newsweek. “Nigeria: Coup no. 4.” February 23, 1976.

Ngomo Okitembo, Louis. L’engagement politique de l’Eglise Catholique au Zaire, 1960-1992. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1998.

Ng’ong’ola, Clement. “Managing the Transition to Political Pluralism in Malawi: Legal and Constitutional Arrangements,” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 34, 2 (1996): 85-110.

Nguele Abada, Marcelin. “Ruptres et continuities constitutionnelles en Republique du Cameroun: Reflextions a propos de la reforme constitutionnelle du 18 janvier 1996,” Revue Juridique et Politique, Independence et Cooperation, 50, 3 (1996), 272-293.

Nguyen, Phong-Khanh, “Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Chronology 1989-1992”.

Nickson, R. Andrew, “Democratization and the Growth of Communism in Nepal: A Peruvian Scenario in the Making?” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 30, 3 (1992): 358-386. *

Nieto Niebuhr, Atilio and Melita Wall Enns. Reforma del Estado Paraguayo: Descentralizacion politica y administrativa. Asuncion, Paraguay: 1988.

Ninsin, Kwame A., compiler, Ghana’s Political Transition: 1990-1993 Selected Documents, Accra: Freedom Publications, 1996.

Niyazov, Alisher. “Blood storms in the Pamirs Valleys.” Russian Press Digest, July 30, 1994.

Niyazov, Saparmurat. “Speech at the II Conference of the World Association of Turkmen.” In Independence, Democracy, Prosperity. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan: Noy Publications, 1994.

Nkot, Pierre Fabien. “Revision constitutionnelle du 18 janvier 1996 au cameroun: commentaire de quelques ‘avis informes,’” Recueil Penant, 108, 826 (1998): 82-96.

Nobre, Augusto. “The Political Structure of the Federal Brazilian Republic Under the Constitution of 1988,” University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 21, 2 (1990): 551-593.

Nodia, Ghia. “Georgia’s Identity Crisis,” Journal of Democracy, 6, 1 (1995): 104-116.

Norgaard, Ole, Lars Johannsen with Mette Skak and Rene Hauge Sorensen. The Baltic States after Independence, 2nd edition. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar, 1999.

Norton, Augustus Richard. “Lebanon after Ta’if: is the civil war over?” Middle East Journal 45,3 (1991): 457-473.

Norton, Augustus Richard and Jillian Schwedler. “Swiss soldiers, ta’if clocks, and early elections: Toward a happy ending?” In Peace for Lebanon? From War to Reconstruction, edited by Deirdre Collings. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994.

Noudjenoume, Philippe. La democratie au Benin. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1999.

Nuclear-Free Pacific Conference-1980, Camp Kailani, Oahu, Hawaii, May 10-18, 1980, p60-64.

Nwabueze, B. O. Military Rule and Constitutionalism in Nigeria. Ibadan and Jersey, UK: Spectrum Books Limited in association with Safari Books Limited, 1992.

Olinmah, M. Ben. “Recent Constitutional Developments in Nigeria,” Constitutional and Parliamentary Information, 3, 1-2 (1981): 38-42.

Nwajiaku, Kathryn. “The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 32, 3 (1994): 429-447.

Nwokedi, Emeka. “Democratic Transition and Democratization in Francophone Africa,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 26, 4 (1993): 399-436.

Nwokedi, Emeka. “On Democratic Renewal in Francophone West Africa,” pp. 265-286 in Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams and Kayode Soremekun, eds., Governance and Democratisation in West Africa. CODESRIA, 1999.

Nyang’oro, Julius E. “Civil Society, Democratization, and State Building in Kenya and Tanzania,” pp. 183-198 in Kidane Mengisteab and Cyril Daddieh, State Building and Democratization in Africa: Faith, Hope and Realities. Wesport, CT: Praeger, 1999.

Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A people’s history. London: Zed Books, 2002.

Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. “Zaire I: Moving Beyond Mobutu,” Current History, 93, 583 (May 1994): 219-222.

Nzouankeu, Jacques Mariel. “The Role of the National Conference in the Transition to Democracy in Africa: The Cases of Benin and Mali,” Issue: A Journal of Opinion (African Studies Association), XXI, 1-2 (1993): 44-50.

O’Brien, James. “The Dayton Peace Accords,” Discussion Paper produced for the United States Institute of Peace Working Group on Constitution-Writing and Conflict Resolution, May 2002.

O’Callaghan, Mary Louise. “Solomons’ bid to delay poll fails.” The Australian (Sydney). May 8, 2001.

Ochs, Michael. “Turkmenistan: The Quest for Stability and Control,” pp. 312-359 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Causcasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Ockey, James. “Thailand: The Crafting of Democracy,” pp. 301-316 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1997.

Odoki, Benjamin J. “Writing of a Democratic Constitution,” East African Journal of Peace & Human Rights, 1, 2 (1993): 195-223.

Offe, Claus. “Cultural Aspects of Consolidation: A Note on the Peculiarities of Postcommunist Transformations,” East European Constitutional Review, : 64-68.

Offe, Claus, “Designing Institutions in East European Transitions,” pp. 199-226 in Robert E. Goodin, ed., The Theory of Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Offe, Claus. “Strong Causes, Weak Cures: Some Preliminary Notes on the Intransigence of Ethnic Politics,” East European Constitutional Review, Spring 1992: 21-23.

Official Kremlin International News Broadcast. “Press conference with the Prime Minister of Moldavia, Andrei Sangeli.” Federal Information Systems, August 17, 1994.

Ogowewo, Tunde I. “Why the Judicial Annulment of the Constitution of 1999 is Imperative for the Survival of Nigeria’s Democracy,” Journal of African Law, 44, 2 (2000): 135-166.

Ojwang, J.B. Constitutional Development in Kenya: Institutional Adaptation and Social Change. Nairobi: ACTS Press, 1990.

Okibe, Hyginus Banko. Political Evolution and Constitutional Development in Nigeria: 1861-1999. Enugu, Nigeria: Marydan Publishers, 2000. (excerpt, 177-180, 231-234).

Oko, Okechukwu. “Consolidating democracy on a troubled continent: A challenge for lawyers in Africa.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 33 (May 2000): 573-645.

Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O., “Constitutions without Constitutionalism: Reflections on an African Political Paradox,” pp. 65-81 in Douglas Greenberg, et. al., Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Olagunju, Tunji, Adele Jinadu, and Sam Oyovbaire. Transition to Democracy in Nigeria (1985-1993). Ibadan: Safari Books (Export) Limited, 1993. (excerpt, 161-195, 108-125).

Olcott, Martha Brill. “Democratization and the Growth of Political Participation in Kazakstan,” pp. 201-241 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott. Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Olinga, Alain Didier. “Cameroun vers un presidentialisme democratique, reflexions suf lar revision constitutionnelle du 23 avril 1991,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 46, 4 (1992): 419-429.

Oloka-Onyango, J. “Constitutional Transition in Museveni’s Uganda: Mew Horizons or Another False Start?” Journal of African Law, 39, 2 (1995): 157-172.

Oloka-Onyango, Joe. “Political Reform and Constitutional Change in Uganda: The Draft Constitution and Constituent Assembly Elections,” Lesotho Law Journal, 8, 2 (XXXX): 197-219.

Oloka-Onyango, Joe. “Some Reflections on the Framework of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Africa,” The Review of International Commission of Jurists, 55 (1995): 167-193.

Sultanate of Oman, Ministry of Information. “The Administrative System,” as accessed at www.omanet.com/english/oman2000/sec3/1.asp?cat=oy2k on 12/12/2002.

“Background Note: Oman” Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Department of State as accessed at www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5435 on 12/16/2002.

O’Neil, Patrick A. “Canada’s Constitutional Imperative: Lessons to be Learned from Meech Lake’s Aftermath and the European Community,” Wisconsin International Law Journal, 11, 1 (XXX): 217-257.

“Opening Speech by J. Nkomo on behalf of the Patriotic Front”, speech given at opening of Lancaster House Constitutional Conference, 11 September 1979 (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

Ordeshook, Peter C. “Are ‘Western’ Constitutions relevant to Anything Other than the Countries they Serve?” Constitutional Political Economy, 13 (2002): 3-24.

Ordeshook, Peter C. “Constitutional Stability,” Constitutional Political Economy, 3, 2 (1992): 137-75.

Ordeshook, Peter C. “Constitutions for New Democracies: Reflections of Turmoil or Agents of Stability?” Public Choice, 90 (1997): 55-72.

Ordeshook, Peter C. and Olga Shvetsova, “Federalism and Constitutional Design,” Journal of Democracy, 8, 1 (1997): 27-42.

Ordeshook, Peter C. and Olga Schvetsova, “If Hamilton and Madison were merely lucky, what hope is there for Russian Federalism?” Constitutional Political Economy, 6, 2 (summer): 107-126.

Organization for Cooperation and Security in Europe. “Joint Election Observation Mission to Tajikistan: Preliminary Statement.” February 27, 2000.

O’Reilly, Marc J. “Omanibalancing: Oman Confronts an Uncertain Future,” Middle East Journal, 52, 1 (1998), 70-84.

Orucu, Esin. “The Turkish Constitution Revamped?” European Public Law, 8, 2 (2002), 201-218.

O’Shaugnessy, Laura Nuzzi and Michael Dodson, “Political Bargaining and Democratic Transitions: A Comparison of Nicaragua and El Salvador,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 31 (1999): 99-127.

Osiatynski, Wiktor. “Constitutionalism and Rights in the History of Poland,” pp.284-313 in Henkin, L. and Rosenthal, A. eds., Constitutionalism and Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

Osiatynski, Wiktor, “The Constitution-Making Process in Poland, 13 Law and Policy, 1991

Osiatynski, Wiktor. “Perspectives on the Current Constitutional Situation in Poland,” pp. 312-320 in Douglas Greenberg et. al., Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. (American Council of Learned Societies Comparative Constitutionalism Working Papers)

Osiatynski, Wiktor, “Rights in New Constitutions of East Central Europe,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 26 (1994): 11-166.

Osiatynski, Wiktor, “The Roundtable Talks in Poland,” pp. 21-68 in Elster, Jon, ed. The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Ostheimer, Andrea E. “The Structural Crisis in Guinea-Bissau’s Political System.” African Security Review 10, 4 (2001): ???.

O’Toole, Thomas. “The central African Republic: Political Reform and Social Malaise,” pp. 109-125 in in John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.

Otunnu, Olara and Michael Doyle, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 275-95.

Owusu, Maxwell. “Domesticating Democracy: Culture, Civil Society, and Constitutionalism in Africa,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 39 1 (1997): 120-152.

Oxford Analytica. “Yemen: Rescheduled Elections,” 11 November 1992.

Oxford Analytica. “Yemen: Leadership Frictions,” 19 October 1993.

Oxford Analytica. “Yemen: Reconciliation Hopes,” 20 January 1994.

Oyatambwe, Wamu. Eglise Catholique et Pouvoir Politique au Congo-Zaire: La quete democratique. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1997.

Oyediran, Oyeleye. “The Political Bureau.” In Transition Without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida, edited by Larry Diamond, Anthony Kirk-Greene, and Oyeleye Oyediran. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997: 81-103.

Ozbudun, Ergun. “Constitution making and democratic consolidation in Turkey.” In Institutions and Democratic Statecraft, edited by Metin Heper, Ali Kazancigil, and Bert A. Rockman. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1997.

Ozhiganov, Edward, “The Republic of Georgia: Conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia,” pp.341-400 in Alexei Arbatov, Abram Chayes, et al. eds., Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives. Cambridge: MIT Press, c1997.

Paczolay, Peter. “The New Hungarian Constitutional State: Challenges and Perspectives,” pp. 21-55 in A. E. Dick Howard ed. Constitution Making in Eastern Europe. Washington D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1993.

Paia, Warren. “Constitutional development in the Solomon Islands.” Journal of Pacific Studies 1 (1975): 69-85.

Paia, Warren A. “Constitutional development in the Solomon Islands,” The Journal of Pacific History, 10, 1/2 (1975), 81-89.

Pakistan. National Assembly. Constitution-making in Pakistan. Karachi: Manager of Publications, 1973.

Panafrican News Agency. “Guinea-Bissau plans constitutional review.” February 12, 2001.

Panico, Christopher J. “Turkmenistan Unaffected by Winds of Democratic Change.” RFE/RL Research Report 2, 4 (1993): 6-10.

Pannier, Bruce. “The Shrinking Shores of Central Asia’s ‘Island of Democracy.’” Transition 2, 7 (1996): 56-59, 64.

Pannier, Bruce. “Tajikistan: Official discusses power-sharing, constitution.” RFE/RL Newsline, July 28, 1999.

Pano, Nicholas. “The Process of Democratization in Albania,” pp. 285-352 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Panter-Brick, Keith. “The Constitution Drafting Committee.” In Soldiers and Oil: The Political Transformation of Nigeria, edited by Keith Panter-Brick. London: Frank Cass, 1978: 297-350.

“Democratic Left against Constitutional Amendments.” PAP News Wire, January 07, 1998.

Pappalardo Zaldivar, Conrado. Reforma Constitucional: Proyectos y aportes. Asuncion, Paraguay: Intercontinental Editora, 1992.

Papua New Guinea, National Parliament of. “Corrigendum to Final Report of the Bi-partisan Parliamentary Select Committee on Provincial Government.” Waigani, Port Moresby, August 17, 1993.

Parmanand. “Winds of change: FreshSstirrings in the Maldives.” In Maldives: Government and Politics, edited by Verinder Grover. New Dehli: Deep and Deep Publications, 2000.

Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade. “Interim Report: Visit to Bougainville, 15-18 March 1999,” March 1999.

Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe, “Recommendation 1451: Reform of the Institutions in Ukraine”, 2000.

Paul, James C. N. “Human Rights and the Legal Structure of Security Forces in Constitutional Orders: The Case of Ethiopia,” Third World Legal Studies issue on Governance of Internal Security Forces in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1996-7: 129-148.

Paul, James C. N. “Putting Internal Security Forces Under the Rule of Human Rights Law: The Need for a Code of Universal Principles Regulating Their Governance,” Third World Legal Studies issue on “Police, Security Forces and Human Rights in the Third World, 1990: 233-256.

Paul, James C.N. “The Reconstitution of Ethiopia: 1991-1994, A Procedural History,” United State Institute of Peace, Working Group on Constitution-Making, Peace Building, and National Reconciliation.

Pazzanita, Anthony. “The Origins and Evolution of Mauritania’s Second Republic,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 43, 4 (1996): 575-596.

Pechota, Vratislav. “The Commonwealth of Independent States: A Legal Profile,” Parker School Journal of East European Law, 2, 4-5 (1995): 583-638.

Pechota, Vratislav. “Tadzhikistan Adopts a New Constitution,” Parker School Journal of East European Law, 2 (1995): 133-135.

Peña, Angela. Campañas y Crisis Electorales: La experiencia dominicana. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Lozano, 1996.

Penikis, Janis. “The Politics of Constitutional Change in Latvia.” Paper delivered at the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies 17th Conference. Washington, DC.: Georgetown University, 2000.

Penna, David, Linda Butenhoff, Ved P. Nanda, Kathleen Norris-Mahoney, Tod Sanders, and Patricia J. Campbell. "Francophone Africa: Transition to Democracy?" Africa Today, 37, 2 (1990): 85-91.

Peou, Sorpong. “Cambodia’s Post-Cold War Dilemma: Democratization, Armed Conflict, and Authoritarianism,” in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1996: 130-143.

Perry, Duncan M., “Bulgaria: A New Constitution and Free Elections” RFE/RL Research Report 3 January 1992, pp. 78-82.

Perry, Duncan M. “The Republic of Macedonia: Finding Its Way,” pp. 226-283 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Perthes, Volker. “Problems with peace: Post-war politics and parliamentary elections in Lebanon.” Orient 33, 3 (1992): 409-432.

Pettai, Vello. “Estonia and Latvia: International influences on citizenship and minority integration.” In Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe: Volume 2 International and transnational Factors, edited by Jan Zielonka and Alex Pravda. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Pettai, Vello. “Estonia: Positive and Negative Institutional Engineering.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 111-138.

Phillips, Peter Dr. the Hon, MP, “Constitutional Reform, The Jamaican Process” The Parliamentarian 78(1997):292-4.

Pimlott, Ben. “Portugal – Two Battles in the War of the Constitution.” West European Politics 4, 3 (1981): 286-296.

Pimont, Yves. “La Nouvelle-Caledonie et le droit constitutionnel,” Revue du Droit public et de la science politique en France at a l’etranger, 6 (1992), 1687-1705.

Pindani, Disher Gladiator, “Malawi’s Transition and Transformation: Mirage or Reality?” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 32 (1999): 65-78.

Plakans, Andrejs. “The Tribulations of Independence: Latvia 1991-1993.” Journal of Baltic Studies 25, 1(Spring 1994): 63-72.

Plant, Christopher. “Current developments in the Pacific, New Hebrides 1977: Year of Crisis,” The Journal of Pacific History, 13, 1 (1978), 194-204.

Podgrusha, V. V. “The Beginning of the Journey,” Review of Central and East European Law, 22, 2 (1996): 123-128.

Pogany, Istvan. “Constitution Making or Constitutional Transformation in Post-Communist Societies?” Political Studies, 44, 3 (1996): 568

Polish News Bulletin. “The draft constitution: an acceptable compromise?” February 13, 1997.

Polish News Bulletin. “Kwasniewski’s “No” to constitutional amendments.” January 20, 1998.

Polish News Bulletin. “Restricted Parliamentary Immunity sought.” March 13, 1998.

“Political History: Zimbabwe”. New African Yearbook (accessed via web, 11/10/02, http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/lf41/nay/yimphist.htm).

Posas, Mario. Modalidades del Proceso de Democratizacion en Honduras. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Universitaria, 1989.

Poulton, Robin-Edward and Ibrahim ag Youssouf. A Peace of Timbuktu: Democratic Governance, Development, and African Peacemaking. UNIDIR: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Geneva, UN, 1998.

Powell, G. Bingham. Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability, and Violence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Powles, Guy. “Changing Pacific Island Constitutions: Methods and Philosophies.” Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 22 (special issue June 1992): 63-83.

Premdas, Ralph R. “Fiji under a New Political Order: Ethnicity and Indigenous Rights,” Asian Survey, 31, 6 (1991), 540-558.

“Press Conference Following the Initialing of the Balkan Proximity Peace Talks Agreement”, 21 November 1995. (http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/icty/dayton/daytonpress.html, accessed 31 August 2002).

“Press Statement by the Patriotic Front” 12 September 1979 (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

Preuss, Ulrich K. Constitutional Revolution: The Link Between Constitutionalism and Progress, translated by Debroah Lucas Schneider, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1990.

Preuss, Ulrich K. “The Politics of Constitution-Making: Transforming Politics into Constitutions,” Law & Policy, 13, 2 (1991): 107-123.

Prior, E. J. “Constitutional Fairness or Fraud on the Constitution? Compensatory Discrimination in India,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 28 (1996): 63-99.

Prizel, Ilya, “Ukraine between proto-democracy and “soft” authoritarianism” in Dawisha, Karen and Parrot, Bruce, eds., Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Proctor, J. H. “The House of Chiefs and the Political Development of Botswana,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 6, 1 (1968): 59-79.

Przeworski, Adam. “Democracy as a Contingent Outcome of Conflicts, pp. 59-80 in Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad, eds., Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Pushkov, Alexei K. “Constitutional Reform as a Struggle for Power,” East European Constitutional Review, Fall 1998: 77-80.

Quader, Abdul. “Bangladesh,” pp. 55-68 in 30 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1998.

Quandt, William B. Between Ballots & Bullets: Algeria’s Transition from Authoritarianism. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.

Quantin, Patrick. “Congo: Les origines politiques de la decomposition d’un processus de liberalisation (aout 1992-decembre 1993),” l’Afrique politique 1994 (yearbook, Editions Karthala, Paris):167-187.

Quantin, Patrick. “Congo: Transition democratique et conjoncture critique,” pp. 139-191 in in Jean-Pascal Daloz and Patrick Quantin, Transitions democratiques africaines: dynamiques et contraintes (1990-1994). Paris: Editions Karthala, 1997.

Quentin-Baxter, A. “The Constitutions of Niue and the Marshall Islands: Common Traits and Points of Difference.” In Pacific Constitutions: Proceedings of the Canberra Law Workshop VI, edited by Peter Sack. Canberra: Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 1982, 97-104.

Quest Economics Database, Janet Mathews Information Service, World of Information Country Report. “Oman: Politics” January 14, 2002.

De Quirini, Pierre. Une Constitution pour Quoi Faire? Kinshasa-Gombe: CEPAS, 1990.

Raath, Jan. “Mozambique Casts Aside 15 years of Marxist Socialism.” The Times (London), November 5, 1990.

Radovic, Zorica. “The Third Yugoslavia: Emergency Confederation a Short-Lived Union,” Yugoslav Law, 2 (1992): 69-79.

Rajoelisoa, Philippe. “Le referendum constitutionnel du 17 septembre 1995 et ses suites,” Afrique Contemporaine, 181, 1 (1997), 50-58.

Ramet, Sabrina Petra. “Democratization in Slovenia--the Second Stage,” pp. 189-225 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Ramet, Sabrina Petra. “Slovenia’s Road to Democracy,” Europe-Asia Studies 45, 5 (1993): 869-886.

Ramsay, Ansil. “Thailand 1978: Kriangsak – The Thai Who Binds.” Asian Survey, 19.2 (1979): 104-114.

Ranly, Ernest W. “A complex victory.” The Christian Century 111 (1994): 156-157.

Rantete, Johannes and Hermann Giliomee. "Transition to Democracy throughTransaction?: Bilateral Negotiations Between the ANC and NP in SouthAfrica." African Affairs 91 (1992): 515-542.

Rapaczynski, Andrzej. “Constitutional Politics in Poland,” University of Chicago Law Review, 58 (1991): 601-608.

Rapaczynski, Andrzej. “Constitutional Politics in Poland: A Report on the Constitutional Committee of the Polish Parliament,” pp.93-131 in A. E. Dick Howard ed. Constitution Making in Eastern Europe. Washington D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1993.

Rapoport, David C. and Leonard Weinberg, eds. The Democratic Experience and Political Violence. London: Frank Cass, 2001.

Raulin, Arnaud de. “La Constitution guineenne du 23 decembre, 1990,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 46, (1992): 182-190.

Rawlings, H. F. “The Malaysian Constitutional Crisis of 1983,” International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 35 (April 1986): 237-254.

Raynal, Jean-Jacques. “Les Actes constitutionnels du 21 septembre 1985: la ‘civilisation’ du regime centrafricain,” Receuil Penant, 96, 791 (1986): 221-227.

Raynal, Jean Jacques. “La constitution centrafricaine du 28 novembre 1986,” Receuil Penant, 98, 798 (1988): 475-482.

Raynal, Jean Jacques. “Les conferences nationals en Afrique: Au-dela du mythe, la democratie?” Recueil Penant, 104, 816 (1994): 310-321.

Raynal, Jean Jacques. “La deuxieme Republique du Niger: Une democratie bien ordonnee,” Receuil Penant, 100, 804 (1990): 379-403.

Raynal, Jean-Jacques. Les Institutions Politiques du Niger. Paris: SEPIA, 1993.

Raza, M. Rafi. “The continuous process of re-writing the constitution.” In Pakistan the 80s: Law and Consititution, edited by Wolfgang Peter Zingel and Stephanie Zingel ave Lallemant. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books, 1985.

Read, James S. “Nigeria’s New Constitution for 1992: The Third Republic,” Journal of African Law, 35, 1-2 (1991): 175-193.

Rechebei, Elizabeth D. and McPhetres, Samuel F. History of Palau: Heritage of an Emerging Nation. Koror: The Ministry of Education, 1997. Chp 11-13.

Reding, Andrew. “’By the People’: Constitution Making in Nicaragua,” Christianity and Crisis, December 8, 1986: 434-441.

Reding, Andrew. “Nicaragua’s New Constitution: A Close Reading,” pp. 77-126 in Mijeski, Kenneth J., ed., The Nicaraguan Constitution of 1987, English Translation and Commentary. Ohio University Center for International Studies, Latin America Series Number 17, Athens, OH, 1991.

Redish, Martin. “Political Consensus, Constitutional Formulae, and the Rationale for Judicial Review,” 88, Michigan Law Review, 1990.

Reeves, Paul. “The Making of the Fiji Constitution,” Journal of the Polynesian Society, 107, 3 (September 1998)

Regan, Anthony J. “Constitutional Reform and the Politics of the Constitution in Uganda: A New Path to Constitutionalism?” pp. 155-90 in Peter Langseth, James Katorobo, E. A. Brett and J.C. Munene, eds, Uganda: Landmarks in Rebuilding a Nation. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1995.

Regan, Anthony J. “Current Developments in the Pacific, Causes and Course of the Bougainville Conflict,” The Journal of Pacific History, 33, 3 (1998), 269-285.

Regan, Anthony J. “Papua New Guinea,” pp. 181-206 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1994.

Regan, Anthony J., “Papua New Guinea,” pp. 197-232 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1997.

Regan, Anthony J. “Papua New Guinea,” pp. 267-296 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1998.

Regan, Patrick. “Conditions for Successful Third Party Interventions,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 40 (1), 1996: 336-59.

Regulska, Joanna. “Self-Governance or Central Control? Rewriting Constitutions in Central and Eastern Europe,” pp.133-159 in A. E. Dick Howard ed. Constitution Making in Eastern Europe. Washington D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1993.

Reilly, Benjamin. “Current Developments in the Pacific: Back to the Future? The political consequences of electoral reform in Papua New Guinea,” The Journal of Pacific History, 37, 2 (2002), 239-253. “Remarks at the Initialing of the Balkan Proximity Peace Talks Agreement (11/21/95) Initialing of the Balkan Proximity Peace Talks Agreement: Remarks by the U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher and President Milosevic of Serbia, President Tudjman of Croatia, President Izetbegovic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Representatives of the European Union, The Contact Group, and Negotiating Team Members”. (http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/dayton/daytonremarks.html, accessed August 31, 2002).

Remy Bazenguissa-Ganga. Les Voies du politique au Congo: Essai de sociologie historique. Paris: Karthala, 1997.

Review of Socialist Law. No individual author. “Introduction to the 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,” Review of Socialist Law, 3 (1981): 347-350.

Reyntjens, Filip. “Constitution-Making in Situations of Extreme Crisis: The case of Rwanda and Burundi,” Journal of African Law, 40, 2 (1996): 234-242.

Reyntjens, Filip. “The Proof of the Pudding is in the Easting: The June 1993 Elections in Burundi,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 31, 4 (1991): 563-583.

Reyntjens, Filip. “The Winds of Change: Political and Constitutional Evolution in Francophone Africa, 1990-1991,” Journal of African Law, 35, 1-2 (1991): 44-55.

Reynolds, Andrew. The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Reynolds, Andrew. “Constitutional Engineering in Southern Africa,” Journal of Democracy, 6, 2 (1995): 86-99.

Rial, Juan. “Providing for the Common Defense: What Latin American Constitutions Have to Say About the Region’s Armed Forces,” pp. 235-248 in Greenberg, Douglas; Katz, Stanley; Oliviero, Melanie Beth; and Wheatley, Steven C. Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Richter, William L. “Pakistan in 1985: Testing time for the new order.” Asian Survey 26,2 (1986): 207-218.

Risnews, Brynjulf. The Legal Foundations of the New Russia. Norwegian Institute of Internatinal Affairs, 1998.

Rizman, Rudolph M. “Slovenia,” pp57-67 in Hanspeter Neuhold, Peter Havlik and Arnold Supan eds. Political and Economic Transformation in East and Central Europe. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.

Rizvi, Hassan-Askari. “The Military and Politics in Pakistan.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 26, 1-2 (1991): 27-42.

Roberts, Hugh. “The Struggle for Constitutional Rule in Algeria,” Journal of Algerian Studies, 3 (1998): 19-30.

Roberts, Hugh. “The Zeroual Memorandum: The Algerian State and the Problem of Liberal Reform,” Journal of Algerian Studies, 1 (1996): 1-19.

Roberts, Hugh. “The Algerian State and the Challenge of Democracy,” Government and Opposition, 27 (Autumn 1992):433-454

Roberts, Hugh. “Dancing in the Dark: The European Union and the Algerian Drama,” Democratization, 9, 1 (Spring 2002): 106-134.

Robinson, Pearl T. “Democratization: Understanding the Relationship between Regime Change and the Culture of Politics.” African Studies Review 37,1 (April 1994): 39-67.

Roeder, Philip G. Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Rogowski, Ron. “Trade and the Variety of Democratic Institutions,” International Organization, 41, 2 (1987): 203-233.

Rona, Gabor. “Annals of a Quiet Revolution: Developments in Hungarian Constitutionalism and Constitutional Review,” Parker School Journal of East European Law, 4, 2 (1998): 151-182.

Roper, Steven D. “From Semi-Presidentialism to Parliamentarism: Constitutional Change in Post-Soviet Moldova.” Paper delivered at Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, 2001.

Rosen, R. A. “Constitutional Process, Constitutionalism, and the Eritrean Experience,” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commerical Regulation, 24, 2 (1999): 263-

Rosenberg, Mark B. “Democracy in Honduras: The electoral and political reality.” In Elections and Democracy in Central America, Revisited (New and Enlarged Edition), edited by Mitchell A. Seligson and John A. Booth. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

Rosenfeld, Michel. “Can Human Rights Bridge the Gap between Universalism and Cultural Relativism? A Pluralist Assessment Based on the Rights of Minorities,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 30 (Spring 1999): 249-

Rosenfeld, Michel. “Constitution-Making, Identity Building, and Peaceful Transition to Democracy: Theoretical Reflections Inspired by the Spanish Example,” Cardozo Law Review, 19, 6 (1998): 1891-1920.

Rosenfeld, Michel. “Constitutional Migration and the Bounds of Comparative Analysis,” New York University Annual Survey of Law, 58 (2001): 67-82.

Rosenfeld, Michel. “Law as Discourse: Bridging the Gap Between Democracy and Rights,” (review of Jurgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms). Harvard Law Review, 108 (March 1995): 1163-

Rosenfeld, Michel. “Modern Constitutionalism as Interplay Between Identity and Diversity,” Cardozo Law Review 14 (1993).

Rosenn, Keith S. “A Comparison of the Protection of Individual Rights in the New Constitutions of Colombia and Brazil,” University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 23, 2 (1992): 659-691.

Rosenn, Keith S. “Brazil’s New Constitution: An Exercise in Transient Constitutionalism for a Transitional Society,” American Journal of Comparative Law, 38 (1990): 773-802.

Rotar, Igor. “Moldova: A treed cat is being told to climb down.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, November 18, 1992.

Rudzitis, Gundars. “Latvian Independence and the Military,” pp.157-177 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Ruhl, J. Mark. “Honduras: Militarism and Democratization in Troubled Waters.” In Repression, Resistance, and Democratic Transition in Central America, edited by Thomas W. Walker and Ariel G. Armony. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 2000.

Russel, Peter H. “Canada’s Megaconstitutional Politics in Comparative Perspective,” pp. 69-96 in in Bertus de Villiers and Jabu Sindane, eds., Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

The Russian Information Agency. 1987. “Changes in Zimbabwean Constitution” 29 May (accessed via LexisNexis, 10/23/02).

Rzeplinski, Andrzej. “A Lesser Evil? Attempting to Design a Fair Lustration Procedure,” East European Constitutional Review, Fall 1992: 33-35.

Sachs, V. “Due Process in Making a Constitution: How the Constitutional Assembly in South Africa Fulfilled the Task of Formulating the New Constitution,” New Law Journal, 6757 (1996): 1237

Sachs, Justice Albie. “Equality Jurisprudence: The Origin of the Doctrine in the South African Constitutional Court,” Review of Constitutional Studies, 5, 1 (1999): 76-103.

Sadiki, Larbi. “Guided Democracy in Algeria and Egypt,” Journal of the Third World Spectrum, Fall 1995: 21-45.

Sadurski, Wojciech. “Conclusions: On the Relevance of Institutions and the Centrality of Constitutions in post-Communist Transitions.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 455-474.

Sadurski, Wojciech. “Rights and Freedoms under the new Polish Constitution.” Pp.176-193 in Martin Krygier and Adam Czarnota eds. The Rule of Law after Communism. Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 1999.

Saemala,, Francis. “Constitutional Development.” In Solomon Islands Politics, edited by Peter Larmour with Sue Tarua. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 1983: 1-8.

Sagues, Nestor Pedro. “An Introduction and Commentary to the Reform of the Argentine National Constitution,” (Translated by Keith S. Rosenn) University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 28, 1 (1996): 41-68.

Saidov, A. Kh., ed. Konstitu︠t︡sionnoe pravo Respubliki Uzbekistan : sbornik normativnykh aktov. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: IPK “Shark”, 1995.

Saidov, Akmal. “Les problemes actuels du processus constitutionnel en Ouzbekistan,” Revue internationale de droit compare, 44, 3 (1992), 703-711.

Saidov, A. Kh. “Nekotorye problemy podgotovki novoi Konstitutsii Uzbekistana. Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo I Pravo” 61, 11 (1991): 3-11.

Saine, Abdoulaye S. M. "The military's managed transition to 'civilianrule' in The Gambia." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 26, 2(1998): 157-168.*

Sajo, Andras, “Preferred Generations: A Paradox of Restoration Constitutions,” 14 Cardozo Law Review, 1993.

Sajo, Andras, “The Roundtable Talks in Hungary,” pp. 69-98 in Elster, Jon, ed. The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Sakwa, Richard. Russian Politics and Society London: Routledge, 1993.Sandaogo, Marcel. “Influence des precedents experiences contitutionelles sur la nouvelle constitution.” In Constitution et Regime Politique au Burkina Faso, edited by Francois Paul Blanc, Albert Lourde, and Bernard Saint-Girons. Perpignan, France: Presses Universitiares de Perpignan, 1994, 39-46.

Saleh, Heba. “Sticking points,” Middle East International, 531 (1996), 13-14.

Saleh, Heba. “Limited Understanding,” Middle East International, 534 (1996), 12-13.

Salem, Norma. “The Constitution of 1960 and its failure.” In Cyprus: A Regional Conflict and its Resolution, edited by Norma Salem: St. Martin’s Press, 1992: 117-125.

Salem, Paul. “Framing post-war Lebanon: Perspectives on the constitution and the structure of power.” Mediterranean Politics 3, 1 (1998): 13-26.

Salmon, Malcolm. “New Hebrides: High hopes are haunted by high danger.” Pacific Islands Monthly, January 1980.

Samper, Jorge. “Nicaragua: Constitucion, revolucion y contrarrevolucion.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 161-166.

Sanchez Amor, Ignacio. “El sistema constitucional y politico Portugues; Bibliografia de urgencia para el lector Español.” Revista de Estudios Politicos 60-61 (n.e.) 1988: 963-974.

Sanchez G, Salvador. “Panama: Transicion a la democratica en Panama y el ocaso de los militares.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 177-190.

Santos, Jr., Soliman M. “Philippines,” pp. 189-224 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1999.

Sardon, Jose Luis. “The Interesting Case of Peru.” The American Enterprise 6 (1995): 66-7.

Sarkin, Jeremy. “The Drafting of South Africa’s Final Constitution from a Human-rights Perspective,” American Journal of Comparative Law, 47, 1 (1999): 67-

Sarkin, Jeremy. “Innovations in the Interim and 1996 South African Constitutions,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 60, Special Issue (1998): 57-78.

Sartori, Giovanni. Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry Into Structures, Incentives, Outcomes. New York: New York University Press, 1994.

Saunders, Harold H. “The Multilevel Peace Process in Tajikistan,” pp. 161-179 in Chester a. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall, eds., Herding Cats: Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1999.

Sawadogo, Filiga Michel “L’elaboration de la Constitution de la Quatrieme Republique,” pp. 311-232 in Rene Otayek, Filiga Michel Sawadogo, and Jean-Pierre Guingane. Le Burkina entre revolution et democratie (1983-1993). Paris: editions Karthala, 1996.

Sawyer, Amos. “The Making of the 1984 Liberian Constitution: Major Issues and Dynamic Forces.” Liberian Studies Journal 12, 1 (1987): 1-15.

Saunders, Harold H. A Public Peace Process: Sustained Dialogue to Transform Racial and Ethnic Conflicts. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

Sayood, S.A., ed. Pakistan Political Perspective vol. 6, issue 4. Islamabad, Pakistan: Institute of Policy Studies, 1997.

Sayood, S.A., ed. Pakistan Political Perspective vol. 6, issue 5. Islamabad, Pakistan: Institute of Policy Studies, 1997.

Scarr, Deryck. “Communalism and a Constitution: Fiji’s general election of May 1999,” The Journal of Pacific History, 34, 3 (1999), 253-258.

Scarr, Deryck. “Constitutional Change in Fiji, 1997,” The Journal of Pacific History, 32, 3 (1997), 44-52.

Scheiner, Charlie. 2001. Constituent Assembly winners names and parties. (http://www.tip.net.au/~wildwood/01sepnames.htm, accessed November 3, 2002).

Schense, Jennifer. “Lessons of Chechnya: The Future of Self-Determination as a Constitutionalist Value,” Parker School Journal of East European Law, 3, 4-5 (1996): 441-486.

Scheuerman, William E. “Revolutions and Constitutions: Hannah Arendt’s Challenge to Carl Schmitt,” Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, 10 (January 1997): 141-

Schirazi, Asghar. The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Republic. Translated by John O’Kane. New York: I. B. Tauris Publishers, XXXX.

Schawalbenberg, Henry M. “Current Developments in the Pacific, Marshallese Political Developments: No to Commonwealth,” The Journal of Pacific History, 20, 1 (1985), 105-115.

Schawalbenberg, Henry M. “The plebiscite on the future status of the Federated States of Micronesia,” The Journal of Pacific History, 19, 1 (1984), 172-184.

Scholler, Heinrich. “Die Verfassungsentwicklung Athiopiens (1974-1987).” Jahrbuch des Offentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart 36 (1987): 679-697.

Schwartz, Herman. “In Defense of Aiming High: Why Economic and Social Rights Belong in the New Post-Communist Constitutions of Europe,” East European Constitutional Review, Fall 1992: 25-28.

Schmidt-Jortzig, Edzard. “The Constitution of Namibia: An Example of a State Emerging under Close Supervision and World Scrutiny,” German Yearbook of International Law, 1991, 34 (1991): 413-428.

Schmidt, Fabian. “From Anarchy to an Uncertain Stability.” Pp. 237-242 in EastWest Institute, eds., Annual Survey 1997.

Schulz, Donald E. and Deborah Sundloff Schulz. The United States, Honduras, and the Crisis in Central America. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994.

Schwiesfurth, Theodor, “Federalism in the Post-Cold War Era: The Constitution of Russia, Institutional Safeguards for Preserving the Federation,” Saint Louis-Warsaw Transatlantic Law Journal, 1995: 193-201.

Schweisfurth, Theodor and Ralf Alleweldt. “New Constitutional Structures in Central and Eastern Europe,” Review of Central and East European Law, 21, 3/4 (1998): 289-328.

Sebastian, Leonard C. and Anthony L. Smith, “The East Timor Crisis: A Test Case for Humanitarian Intervention,” pp. 64-84 in Southeast Asian Affairs 1998.

Secretariat General de la Conference Episcopal du Zaire. Le Processus de Democratization au Zaire: Obstacles majeurs et voies de solution. Kinshasa: Editions du Secretariat General de la C.E.Z., 1996.

Sedoc-Dahlberg, Betty. “Struggle for Democracy in Suriname.” In The Dutch Caribbean: Prospects for Democracy, edited by Betty Sedoc-Dahlberg. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1990: 173-189.

Seibert, Gerhard. Comrades, Clients and Cousins: Colonialism, Socialismand Democratization in Sao Tome and Principe. Leiden, The Netherlands:Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden

University, 1999.

Seidman, Robert. “A Commentary on the Proposed Draft Constitution of the Republic of Namibia,” Third World Legal Studies, 1988: 35-58.

Seidman, Robert. “Perspectives on Constitutions Making: Independent Constitutions for Namibia and South Africa,” Lesotho Law Journal, 3, 1 (1987): 45-92.

Seitzer, Jeffery. “Experimental Constitutionalism: A Comparative Analysis of the Institutional Bases of Rights Enforcement in post-Communist Hungary,” pp.42-61 in Sally J. Kenney, William M. Reisinger and John C. Reitz eds. Constitutional Dialogues in Comparative Perspective. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

Selassie, Berket Habte, “Creating a Constitution for Eritrea,” Journal of Democracy, 9, 2 (1998): 164-74.

Selassie, Bereket Habte. “Democracy and the role of Parliament under the Eritrean Constitution.” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 24 (Winter 1999): 227-262.

Selassie, Bereket Habte. “The Dialectical Process of Constitution-Making in Eritrea,” pp. 185-201 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Selassie, Bereket Habte. “The Eritrean Experience in Constitution Making: The Dialectic of Process and Substance” pp.357-477 in Andrew Reynolds ed. The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Selassie, Bereket Habte, “Self-Determination in Principle and Practice: The Ethiopian-Eritrean Experience,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 29 (1997): 91-142.

Selassie, Bereket Habte and Richard Rosen. “The Eritrean Constitutional Process: An Interview with Dr. Bereket Habte Selassie,” Eritrean Studies Review 3, 1 (1999): 139-179.

Seleny, Anna, “Old Political Rationalities and New Democracies: Compromise and Confrontation in Hungary and Poland,” World Politics 51, 4 (1999) 484-519.

Selivanov, Yury. “Hot spots: Gagauzia reaches the limit.” , May 5, 1993. Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press

Sergeyev, Viktor and Nikolai Biryukov. Russia’s Road to Democracy: Parliament, Communism and Traditional Culture. Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1993.

Seychelles Institute for Democracy. Seychelles: History of Political Events – the Transition Period. Mahe, Seychelles: 1993.

Shadid, Anthony. “Despite boycott and fraud, Yemenis call elections success,” International News, May 1, 1997.

Shahabuddeen, M. Constitutional Development in Guyana 1621 – 1978. Georgetown, Guyana: 1978.

Shain, Yossi and Juan J. Linz, Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Shamsul Huda, A.K.M. The Constitution of Bangladesh. Chittagong, Bangladesh: Signet Press Limited, 1997.

Sharlet, Robert. “The path of constitutional reform in the USSR.” In Perestroika-era Politics: The New Soviet legislature and Gorbachev’s Political Reforms, edited by Robert T. Huber and Donald R. Kelley. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

Sharlet, Robert. “Russian Constitutional Change: An Opportunity Missed.” Demokratizatsiya, Summer 1999 v7 i3 p437.

Sharlet, Robert S. Soviet Constitutional Crisis: From De-Stalinization to Disintegration. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.

Shaw, Gary. “The Constitution of Belarus: A Good First Step Towards The Rule of Law.” Touro International Law Review 6,2 Accessed electronically at http://www.tourolaw.edu/Publications/internationallawrev/vol6/part2.html on 19 Aug 2002.

Shen, Chia-sung. “A Review of Peru in 1978.” Xinhua News Agency, December 29, 1978.

Shettima, Kole Ahmed. “Engendering Nigeria’s Third Republic.” African Studies Review 38,3 (December 1995): 61-98.

Shipler, David K. “A Reporter at Large: Between Dictatorship and Anarchy.” The New Yorker, June 25, 1990.

Shivji, Issa G., ed., State and Constitutionalism: An African Debate on Democracy. Harare: SAPES Trust, 1991.

Shugart,Matthew “Politicians, Parties, and Presidents: An Exploration of Post-Authoritarian Institutional Design, “ in Beverly Crawford and Arend Lijphart, Liberalization and Leninist Legacies: Comparative Perspectives on Democratic Transitions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997: 40-90.

Shuster, Donald R. “Current Developments in the Pacific, Palau’s Constitutional Tangle,” The Journal of Pacific History, 15, 1 (1980), 74-82.

Siegfried, Nikolous A. “Legislation and Legitimation in Oman: The Basic Law,” Islamic Law and Society, 7, 2 (2000): 359-397.

Sierra Leone. National Constitutional Review Commission. Report of the National Constitutional Review Commission. Freetown, Sierra Leone: 1991.

Sigler, A. Jay, Albert P. Blaustein, Jacqueline M. Ross, Carol Tenney and Jefri Jay Ruchti. 1991. “Chile,” in Constitutions of the Countries of the World, ed. By Albert P. Blaustein and Gisbert H. Flanz, New York: Oceana Publications.

Siklova, Jirina. “Lustration or the Czech Way of Screening,” East European Constitutional Review, Winter 1996: 57-62.

Simpson, Chris. “Peace or War?” Africa Report, 39, 2 (1994), 55-57.

Sindjoun, Luc. “Cameroun: Le systeme politique face aux jeux de la transition democratique (1990-1993),” ,” L’Afrique politique 1994 (yearbook, Editions Karthala, Paris): 143-164.

Sinnadurai, Visu. “Unity and Diversity: The Constitution of Malaysia,” with Commentary and Discussion, pp. 327-367 in Robert A. Goldwin, Art Kaufman, and William A. Schambra, eds., Forging Unity Out of Diversity: The Approaches of Eight Nations. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1989.

Singh, Anita Inder. Democracy, Ethnic Diversity, and Security in Post-Communist Europe. Westport: Praeger, 2001.

Singh, Hari. “UMNO Leaders and Malay Rulers: The Erosion of a Special Relationship,” Pacific Affairs, 68, 2 (1995), 187-205.

Sinjela, Mpazi, “Constitutionalism in Africa: Emerging Trends,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 60, Special Issue (1998): 23-28.

Sinjela, Mpazi. “The Role of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) in the Independence Process of Namibia,” African Yearbook of International Law, edited by Abdulqawi A. Yusuf, 1 (1993):13-34.

Sisk, Timothy D. Democratization in South Africa: The Elusive Social Contract. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Sisk, Timothy D. “Negotiating Democracy in South Africa: Conclusions for Constitution-Making as Conflict Management,” United States Institute of Peace, Working Group on Constitution-Making, Peace Building, and National Reconciliation, 28 September 2001.

Sisk, Timothy D. Power-Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts. New York: Carnegie Corporation, 1996.

Sisk, Timothy D. and Andrew Reynolds, eds., Elections and Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1998.

Slider, Darrell. “Democratization in Georgia,” pp. 156-197 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott. Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Slim, Randa M. and Harold H. Saunders. “The Inter-Tajik Dialogue: From Civil War towards civil society.” Accord 10 (2001). Available from http://www.c-r.org/accord/tajik/accord10/inter.htm , accessed December 6, 2002.

Slosarcik. “The Reform of the Constitutional Systems of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in 1990-2000,” European Public Law, 7, 4 (2001): 529-547.

Skapska, Grazyna. “Paradigm Lost? The Constitutional process in Poland and the Hope of a “Grass Roots Constitutionalism,”” pp.149-175 in Martin Krygier and Adam Czarnota eds. The Rule of Law after Communism. Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 1999.

Slider, Darrell. “Democratization in Georgia.” Need the rest of this cite. This was just found in the folder; it looks like it was part of an edited volume.

Smith, Grant. “Tajikistan: the rocky road to peace,” Central Asian Survey, 18, 2 (1999), 243-251.

Snitwongse, Kusuma. “Thailand in 1994: The Trials of Transition.” Asian Survey 35.2 (1995): 194-200.

Socialist Republic of Vietnam, The Constitution of 1992. (Hanoi: the GIOI Publishers, 1993): 5-6.

Sokolewicz, Wojciech. “The Legal-Constitutional Bases of Democratization in Poland: Systemic and Constitutional Change,” pp.69-97 in Sanford, George, ed. and trans. Democratization in Poland, 1988-90: Polish Voices. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Sokolewicz, Wojciech. “The Relevance of Western Models for Constitution-Building in Poland,” pp.243-277 in Hesse, Joachim Jens and Nevil Johnson. Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Solano, Mario Antonio. “Guerra y constitucion.” In Transicion Democratica y Reforma Constitucional en Centroamerica, edited by Jorge Mario Garcia Laguardia. San Jose, Costa Rica: FUNPADEM, 2001: 63-91.

Solonari, Vladimir. “Moldova: Two Conflicts with Different Histories,” pp. 41-71 in Societies in Conflict: The Contribution of Law and Democracy to Conflict Resolution. Science and Technique of Democracy, no. 29. European Commission for Democracy through Law. Council of Europe Publishing, 19xx.*

Solyom, Lazlo. The Hungarian Constitutional Court and Social Change, 19 Yale Journal of International Law (1994), 22.

Some, Phillipe. “L’elaboration de la nouvelle constitution burkinabe.” In Constitution et Regime Politique au Burkina Faso, edited by Francois Paul Blanc, Albert Lourde, and Bernard Saint-Girons. Perpignan, France: Presses Universitiares de Perpignan, 1994, 21-37.*

Sos, Vilmos. “The Paradigm of Constitutionalism, The Hungarian Experience,” pp.137-147 in Martin Krygier and Adam Czarnota eds. The Rule of Law after Communism. Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 1999.

Souley, A. Niandou. “Le Niger après Seyni Kountche,” pp-243-276 in Dominique Darbon ed. Annee Africaine 1989, Bordeaux: Institute D’Etudes Politiques de Bordeaux, 1990.

Southall, Roger. “Dilemmas of the Kenyan Succession.” Review of African Political Economy 84 (2000): 203-219.

Southall, Roger. “Re-forming the State? Kleptocracy and the political transition in Kenya.” Review of African Political Economy 79 (1999): 93-108.

Soysal, Mumtaz, “Political parties in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and their vision of ‘the solution.” In Cyprus: A Regional Conflict and its Resolution, edited by Norma Salem. ???: St. Martin’s Press, 1992: 39-43.

Spence, Richard B. “Democratization and Paramilitarism in Post-Soviet Ukraine,” pp. 137-155 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Sprudzs, Adolf. “Rebuilding democracy in Latvia: Overcoming a dual legacy.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 139-164.

Styan, D. “Eritrea: The End of the Beginning,” ,” l’Afrique politique 1994 (yearbook, Editions Karthala, Paris): 25-45.

Stedman, Stephen. Peacemaking in Civil War: International Mediation in Zimbabwe.

Stedman, Steven. “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes.” International Security, 22 (Fall 1997): 5-53.

Steele, Jonathan. “Wall of steel thrown round Riga amid assault fears.” Guardian (London), January 15, 1991.

Stefanovic, Ivan. “Slovenia Communists Approve right to secede from Yugoslavia,” The Associated Press, September 26, 1989.

Stein, Eric. “International Law in Internal Law: Toward Internationalization of Central-Eastern European Constitutions,” American Journal of International Law, 88 (1994): 427-449.

Stein, Eric. “Musings at the Grave of a Federation, in Institutional Dynamics of European Integration and Elster’s argument against in “Transition, Constitution-Making, and Separation is Czechoslovakia, 36 Archives Europeennes de Sociologies 105 (1995).

Stein, Eric. “Out of the Ashes of a Federation: Two New Constitutions,” American Journal of Comparative Law, 45 (1997): 45-

Stein, Eric. “Peaceful Separation: ‘A New Virus’?” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 36 (1997): 25-

Stein, Eric. “Post-Communist Constitution Making,” New Europe Law Review, 1 (1993): 421-75.

Stein, Michael. “Improving the Process of Constitutional reform in Canada: Lessons from the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Constitutional Rounds,” Peace Research Abstracts, 36, 1 (1999).

Steele, Jonathan. “Skopje offers Albanians Amnesty and New Rights,” The Guardian (London), June 1, 2001, p. 13.

Stepan, Alfred and Cindy Skatch, “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarism Versus Presidentialism,” World Politics, 46 (1993): 1-23.

Stith, Richard. “Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments: The extraordinary power of Nepal’s Supreme Court,” American University of Journal of International Law & Policy, 11 (1996): 47-77.

Stojanovic, Dusan. “Changes Dateline from Brussels; Macedonia Moves to Extend More Rights to Ethnic Albanians, Offer Amnesty to Some Rebels,” The Associated Press, August 15, 2001.

Stojanovic, Dusan. “Slovenia Challenges Federal Authorities, Prepares to vote on secession,” The Associated Press, September 26, 1989.

Stokes, Lee. “Lebanese lawmakers begin talks to achieve peace.” United Press International, September 29, 1989.

Stokes, Lee. “Lebanese Parliament meets in Saudi Arabia on peace plan.” United Press International, October 3, 1989.

Stokes, Lee. “Lebanese lawmakers reach agreement on reconciliation.” United Press International, October 12, 1989.

Storholt, Kristine Hauge. “Lessons Learned from the 1990-1997 Peace Process in the North of Mali,” International Negotiation 6 (2001): 331-356.

Suberu, Rotimi and Larry diamond, “Institutional Design, Ethnic Conflict-Management and Democracy in Nigeria,” Paper prepared for conference at Notre Dame University.

Sucharitkul, Sompong, “Thailand,” pp. 315-328 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1997.

Sukhova, Svetlana. “Democracy a la Nursultan Nazarbayev.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, August 2, 1995.

Suksi, Markku. Bringing in the People: A Comparison of Constitutional Forms and Practices of the Referendum. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

Sulayman, ‘Isam. al-Jumhuriyah al-thaniyah bayna al-nusus wa-al-mumarasah. Beirut, Lebanon : ‘I. Sulayman, 1998.

Sundaram, Anjali and George Gelber, eds. A Decade of War: El Salvador Confronts the Future. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1991.

Sunstein, Cass. “Against Positive Rights,” East European Constitutional Review, 35 (1993): 35-38.

Sunstein, Cass. “Beyond the Republican Revival,” Yale Law Journal, 97 (1988): 1539-1590.

Sunstein, Cass. “Constitutions and Democracies: An Epilogue,” pp. 327-325 in Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad, eds., Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Sunstein, Cass. “Constitutionalism and Secession,” 58 University of Chicago Law Review (1991):633- 647.

Sunstein, Cass. “Constitutionalism, Prosperity, Democracy: Transition in Eastern Europe,” Constitutional Political Economy, 2 (1991).

Sunstein, Cass. Designing Democracy: What Constitutions Do. New York: Oxford University Pres, 2001.

Sunstein, Cass. “Global Affairs Experiences: American Advice and New Constitutions,” Chicago Journal of International Law, 1, Spring 2000: 173-

Sunstein, Cass. “The Legitimacy of Constitutional Courts,” East European Constitutional Review, Summer 1997: 61-63.

Suny, Ronald G., “Provisional Stabilities: the Politics of Identities in Post-Soviet Eurasia,” International Security, 24, 3 (1999/2000) 139-178.

Sutter, Daniel. “Enforcing Constitutional Constraints,” Constitutional Political Economy, 8 (1997): 139-150.

Symposium on Peaceful Transitions to Constitutional Democracy, published in Cardozo Law Review, 19 (1998): 1953-

Sutter, Daniel. “Enforcing Constitutional Constraints,” Constitutional Political Economy, 8 (1997): 139-150.

“Swazi Opposition Vow to ‘Wipe Out’Royals,” Reuters News, September 9, 2002. Available online at Independent Online: www.iol.co.za

Swiss Peace Foundation. “Chronology of Mozambique 1962- January 2001.” 2001. Available from http://www.isn.ethz.ch/onlinepubli/publihouse/fast/suppdata/mozambique/moz_01_chron.pdf , accessed February 10, 2003.

Szasz, Paul C. “Making Peace Agreements Work: The Implementation and Enforcement of Peace Agreements Between Sovereigns and Intermediate Sovereigns: The Dayton Accord: The Balkan Peace Agreement,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 (1997): 759-768.

Szikinger, Istvan. “Hungary’s pliable constitution.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 406-430.

Tabbara, Acil. “Yemeni president’s party heading for easy victory amid fraud claims,” International News, Agence France Presse, April 29, 1997.

Tagupa, William. “Current Developments in the Pacific, The Northern Marianas: Seccession from Trusteeship and Accession to Commonwealth,” The Journal of Pacific History, 12, 1 (1977), 81-85.

Tahi, Mohand Salah. “The Arduous Democratisation Process in Algeria,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 30, 3 (1992): 397-419.

Takabwebwe, Michael N. “Kiribati,” pp. 149-156 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1997.

Tambila, K. I. “The Transition to Multiparty democracy in Tanzania: Some History and Missed Opportunities,” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee, 28, 4 (1995): 468-488.

Tan, Kevin and Li-ann Thio. “Singapore,” pp. 191-243 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1995.

Tanchev, Evgeni, “Historical and Psychological Sources Shaping Constitutionalism and Constitutional Performance in the Post-Communist Societies: Reflections on Constitutionalism in the Transition, or the Legacy of Transitory Constitutions,” pp. 141-162 in Stanislaw Frankowski and Paul B. Stephan III, eds., Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

Tankoano, Amadou. “La constitution de la republique du Niger du 12 mai 1996,” African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 9, 4 (1997): 878-893.

Tankoano, Amadou. “La Revision de la constitution du 24 septembre 1989 et ;’evolution du regime politique nigerien,” Revue juridique et politique independence et cooperation, 46, 1 (1992): 54-78.

Tanner, Marcus. “Slovenia MPs pass independence law,” The Independent (London), p10, February 21, 1991.

Taras, Raymond. Consolidating Democracy in Poland. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.

Taras, Ray. “Democratization, Security, and the Military in Mongolia,” pp.9-29 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Tasker, Rodney. “General’s Charter.” Far Eastern Economic Review (19 December 1991): 15-16.

Tasker, Rodney. “Tactical Compromise.” Far Eastern Economic Review (5 December 1991): 13.

Tate, Merze. “NOTES AND COMMENT, Recent Constitutional Developments in Papua and New Guinea,” Pacific Affairs, 44, 3 (1971), 421-427.

Tatro, Nicolas B. “San’a, North Yemen” The Associated Press, November 21, 1979.

Tattevin, Louis-Marie. “Fight to succeed Tudjman already underway in Croatia,” Agence France Presse, International News, December 11, 1999.

Taube, Caroline. Constitutionalism in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: A Study in Comparative Constitutional Law. Uppsala, Sweden: Iustus Forlag, 2001.

Tchipev, Teodor. “Bulgarian Democracy in Transition,” Review of Central and East European Law, 26, 3 (2000), 343-350.

Teitel, Ruti. “Post-Communist Constitutionalism: A Transitional Perspective,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 26 (1994): 167-190.

Teitel, Rudi. “Transitional Jurisprudence: The Role of Law in Political Transformation,” Yale Law Journal, 106 (May 1997): 2009-

Teiwake, Roniti. “The Constitutional Convention and Gilbertese Culture.” Pacific Perspective 6,2 (1977): 6-8.

Tembackjian, Robert H. “Democratic Reform in Armenia.” New York Law Journal, April 28, 1994.

Teong, Khoo Boo. “Rule of Law in the Merdeka Constitution,” Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law (Jurnal Undang-Undang), 27, 1 (2000), 59-101.

Tesfagiorgis, Gebre H. “When the Drafting of a Constitution is Not Confined to Men of Stature or Legal Experts: the Eritean Experience,” Eritrean Studies Review, 2, 1998, 143-161.

Tete, Tete. Democratisation a la togolaise. Paris: Editions L’Harmattan, XXXX.

Thanh, Dr. Ngo Ba, “Republique Socialiste du Vietnam: de la reunification de la patrie, de l’etat, du droit a la renovation economique politique par le droit, ” Vietnamese Law Journal 1(1995) : 17-22.

Thomas, Kendall. “Constitutional Equality: The Political Economy of Recognition, Affirmative Action Discourse and Constitutional Equality in Germany and the USA,” Columbia Journal of European Law, 5, Spring 1999: 329-364.

Thomas, Melissa A. “Building the Rule of Law: Government Design for Legal Implementation,” Dissertation, Committee on Degrees in Political Economy and Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, May 1998.

Thomas, Robert. Serbia under Milosevic, politics in the 1990s. London: C. Hurst & Co. (1999), pp. 69-79.

Thomas-Woolley, Barbara and Edmond J. Keller, “Majority Rule and Minority Rights: American Federalism and African Experience,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 32, 2 (1994): 411-427.

Thompson, Bankole. The Constitutional History and Law of Sierra Leone (1961-1995). Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1997.

Thompson, Kenneth W., ed., The U.S. Constitution and Constitutionalism in Africa. Lanham: University Press of America, 1990.

Thorndike, Tony. “Suriname and the Military.” In The Dutch Caribbean: Prospects for Democracy, edited by Betty Sedoc-Dahlberg. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1990: 35-62.

Thune, Gro Hillestad. “Lessons and Challenges,” pp. 197-212 in Societies in Conflict: The Contribution of Law and Democracy to Conflict Resolution. Science and Technique of Democracy, no. 29. European Commission for Democracy through Law. Council of Europe Publishing, 19xx.

Thurgood, Liz. “Seychelles opposition calls for cabinet posts during transition.” The Guardian (London), December 24, 1991.

Thurgood, Liz. “Seychelles give Rene a boost in his first multi-party poll.” The Guardian (London), July 28, 1992.

Thurow, Roger. “Divisive Populist: A Serbian Nationalist Stirs Ethnic Passions that Split Yugoslavia- Republic President Milosevic Pushes for Greater Serbia at the Croats Expense- Will Yeltsin follow his path?” Wall Street Journal, October 10, 1991, pA1.

Tikhinya, Justice Valery. “The Legitimate Legislative Branch of the Republic of Belarus,’ Parker School Journal of East European Law, 4 (1997): 363-368.

The Times (London). “New Deal for Ethiopia.” May 29, 1991.

Tismaneanu, Vladimir. “Romanian Exceptionalism? Democracy, Ethnocracy and Uncertain Pluralism in post-Ceausescu Romania,” pp. 403-451 in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Tlemcani, Rachid. “Chadli’s Perestroika,” Middle East Report, 163 (March-April 1990): 14-18.

Tongdhamachart, Kramol. 1979. “Thailand’s 1978 Constitution and Its Implications.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 1.2 (1979): 125-140.

Toranzo Roca, Carlos F. and Jose Luis Exeni R., eds. Reflexiones en torno a la Ley de Necesidad de Reforma de la Constitucion Politica del Estado. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundacion Milenio, 1994.

Toronto Star. “Communist leading role abolished in Latvia.” December 29, 1989.

Toronto Star. “2 Yemens agree on merger,” The Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd., News, pA13, December 2, 1989.

Toronto Star. “Serbia’s new constitution curbs Kosovo’s self-rule,” September 28, 1990, pA19.

Toronto Star. “Weapons cull done: NATO,” September 26, 2001, pA21.

Toungara, Jeanne Maddox. "Ethnicity and Political Crisis in Coted'Ivoire." Journal of Democracy 12,3 (2001): 63-72.

Traynor, Ian. “Defiant Slovenia takes Right to Secede,” The Guardian (London), September 28, 1989.

Traynor, Ian. “Serbs declare sovereignty in defiance of Croatian law,” The Guardian (London), July 26, 1990.

Troutman III, Charles. “Guam,” pp. 61-70 in 30 in Asia-Pacific Constitutional Yearbook, Cheryl Saunders and Graham Hassall, eds., Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, University of Melbourne, 1997.

Tsatsos, Constantine D. “Making the Constitution of Greece,” pp. 69-118 with commentary by others in Robert A. Goldwin and Art Kaufman, eds., Constitution Makers on Constitution Making: The Experience of Eight Nations. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1988.

Tuquoi, Jean-Pierre. “The president’s new clout,” World Press Review, 44, 2 (1997), 19.

Tushnet, Mark. “Constitutionalism and Critical Legal Studies,” pp. 150-166 in Alan S. Rosenbaum, ed., Constitutionalism: The Philosophical Dimension. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.

Tushnet, Mark. “Returning with Interest: Observations on Putative Benefits of Studying Comparative Constitutional Law,” University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, 1, 2 (1998): 325-349.

Udoma, Sir Udo. History and the Law of the Constitution of Nigeria. Lagos: Malthouse Press Ltd, 1994. (excerpt, 309-321).

Ulbrich, Jeffrey. “NATO Council to decide on partial deployment to Macedonia,” The Associated Press, August 15, 2001.

Ulrich, Marybeth P. “The Democratization of Civil-Military Relations in the Czech Republic,” pp.51-75 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Unisa Centre for Latin American Studies, verLoren van Themaat Centre, University of South Africa, Proceedings from a conference on Constitutional Transition: Latin American and Iberian Experiences: relevance for South Africa, University of South Africa, Pretoria, September 25, 1993.

United Kingdom. “Southern Rhodesia: Report of the Constitutional Conference.” London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1980.

UN Chronicle. East Timor: Assembly Signs Constitution into Force. No. 2, 2002.

UN Chronicle, “UNTAC mandate ends, New Constitution, Government Welcomed” December 1993: 16-18.

UN Independent Electoral Commission. Election facts for East Timorese persons living abroad. (http://domino.un.org, accessed November 2, 2002)

UN Integrated Regional Information Network. 1999. “The debate over a new constitution for Zimbabwe”, September 29 (accessed via web, http://www.niza.nl/uk/press/docs/zw_constitution-debate.htm, 11/9/02).

UN Newservice. 2001. East Timor votes against consultative process leading to constitution. (http://www.etan.org/et2001a/march/25-31/27evote.htm, accessed November 2, 2002).

UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. “Swaziland: Concern over Proposed New Constitution,” July 9, 2002. available at IRIN News: www.irinnews.org.

UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. “Swaziland: Focus on Church Criticism of Royal Rule,” August 29, 2002. available at IRIN News: www.irinnews.org. United National People’s Party [Sierra Leone]. “National Consultative Conferences on the Electoral Process.” Freetown: n.d.. Available from http://www.sierra-leone-unpp.org/NationalConsultative.htm , accessed 25 October 1001.*

United Nations. “Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan pending the Re-establishment of Permanent Government Institutions.” December 5, 2002. Available at http://www.uno.de/frieden/afghanistan/talks/agreement.htm, accessed November 15, 2002.

United Nations. El Salvador Agreements: The path to peace. New York: United Nations Office of Public Information, 1992.

United Nations. “UN Talks on Afghanistan: Bonn, 27 November – 5 December 2001.” [website]. Available at http://www.uno.de/frieden/afghanistan/talks.htm, accessed November 15, 2002.

United Nations. Secretary General. “Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Sierra Leone.” S/1995/975. New York: United Nations, November 21, 1995.*

United Nations. UN Talks on Afghanistan. “Press briefing by Ahmad Fawzi, spokesman for the SRSG on Afghanistan.” November 25, 2001. Available at http://www.uno.de/frieden/afghanistan/talks/pb25nov.htm, accessed November 15, 2002.

United Nations. UN Talks on Afghanistan. “Press briefing by Ahmad Fawzi, spokesman for the SRSG on Afghanistan.” November 27, 2001. Available at http://www.uno.de/frieden/afghanistan/talks/pb27nov.htm, accessed November 15, 2002.

United Nations. UN Talks on Afghanistan. “Press briefing by Ahmad Fawzi, spokesman for the SRSG on Afghanistan.” November 30, 2001. Available at http://www.uno.de/frieden/afghanistan/talks/pb30nov.htm, accessed November 15, 2002.

United States Central Intelligence Agency, “Cape Verde” CIA World Factbook 2001 (accessed via Lexus Nexus, 9/29/02)

United States Department of States, “Background Notes: Brunei” Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs October 2000 (www.state.gov/www/background_notes/brunei_010_bgn.html, accessed 10/6/02).

United States Department of State, “Dispatch from the 1990 Human Rights Report” 1 February 1991 (accessed via LexisNexis, 10/06/02).

U.S. Department of State. “Yemen,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch, 1990 Human Rights Report, February 1, 1991.

United States. Department of State. Moldova: Human Rights Practices, 1992. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State.

Urban, Michael E. More Power to the Soviets: The Democratic Revolution in the USSR. Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1990.

Urfer, Sylvain. “Quand les Eglises entrent en politique,” Politique Africaine, 52, December (1993), 31-39.

Urigashvili, Besik, “A sudden change of fortune,” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 50, (Jan/Feb 1994) 22.

Urigashvili, Besik, “Damn this war…” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 50, (Jan/Feb 1994) 20-24.

Uwanno, Borwornsak and Wayne D. Burns, “The Thai Constitution of 1997: Sources and Process,” University of British Columbia Law Review, 32, 2 (1998): 227-247.

Van Donge, Jan Kees. "Kamuzu's Legacy: The Democratization of Malawi."African Affairs 94 (1995): 227-257.

Vargas, Jorge A. “Mexico’s legal revolution: An appraisal of its recent constitutional changes, 1988-1995.” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 25 (1996): 497-560.

Vasovic, Aleksandar. “European official to try to resolve deadlock over peace talks in Macedonia,” The Associated Press, June 18, 2001.

Vasovic, Aleksandar. “Macedonia’s president launches procedure to implement peace plan,” The Associated Press, August 15, 2001.

Van Trease, Howard. “From Colony to Independence.” In Atoll Politics: The Republic of Kiribati, edited by Howard Van Trease. Christchurch, New Zealand: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury, 1993: 3-22.

Van Trease, Howard. “The Colonial Origins of Vanuatu Politics.” In Melanisian Politics: Stael blong Vanuatu, edited by Howard Van Trease. Christchurch, New Zealand: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury, 1995: 3-58.

Vandewalle, Dirk. “From the New State to the New Era: Toward a Second Republic in Tunesia.” Middle East Journal 42,4 (1988): 602-620.

Vankovska-Cvethkovska, Biljana and Ibania, Carolina F. “The Army and Society in Postcommunist Albania,” pp.201-212 in Constantine P Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker eds., The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

Vaughan, Sarah. The Addis Ababa Transitional Conference of July 1991: its Origins, History, and Significance. Edinburgh: Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1994.

Venice Commission. Council of Europe. “Commentary on the Draft Albanian Constitution As Submitted for Popular Approval on 6 November 1994.”

CDL(1995)005e-restr. 16 Jan 1995. http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/1995/CDL(1995)005-e.html. Accessed 17 Aug 2002.

Venter, Denis. 2000. “Zimbabwe, before and after the June 2000 Elections: an assessment” (accessed via web, http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimpost1.htm, 10/19/02).

Verbaan, Mark. “The Road to Independence,” Africa Report, 34, 6 (1989), 13-16.

Vereshscetin, Vladlen S. “New Constitutions and the Old Problem of the Relationship between International Law and National Law,” European Journal of International Law, 7 (1996): 29-41.

Verheijen, Tony. Constitutional Pillars for New Democracies: The Cases of Bulgaria and Romania. Leiden: DSWO Press, Leiden University, 1995.

Vermeule, Adrian. “The Constitutional Law of Official Compensation,” Columbia Law

Vestal, Theodore M. “An Analysis of the New Constitution of Ethiopia and the Process of Its Adoption,” Northeast African Studies, 3, 2 (1996): 21-38.

Vestal, Theodore M. Ethiopia: a Post-Cold War African State. Westport, Conn: Prager, 1999.

Vevjoda, Ivan. “Democratic Despotism, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Croatia,” pp 219-236 in Geoffrey Pridham and Tom Gallagher eds. Experimenting with Democracy, Regime Change in the Balkans. New York: Routledge, 2000.

Villalon, Leonardo A. “The Moral and the Political in African Democratization: The Code de la Famille in Niger’s Troubled Transition,” Democratization, 3, 2 (Summer 1996): 41-68.

Villiers, Bertus de. “Managing Constitutional Change in South Africa,” pp. 335-360 in in Bertus de Villiers and Jabu Sindane, eds., Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

Villiers, Bertus de and Jabu Sindane. Managing Constitutional Change. Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1996.

Vines, Alex. Renamo: From Terrorism to Democracy in Mozambique? London: James Currey, 1996.

Villanueva, A. B. “Elite Choices and Constitutional Guarantees of Local Autonomy in the Third World: The Case of the Philippines, 1971-1973,” Modern Asian Studies, 14, 3 (1980), 489-499.

Vipond, Robert. “Constitutionalism as a Form of Conflict Resolution,” pp. 172-185 in

Patrick J. Hanafin and Melissa S. Williams, Identity, Rights and Constitutional Transformation. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

Voigt, Stefan. “Breaking with the Notion of Social Contract: Constitutions as Based on Spontaneously Arisen Institutions,” Constitutional Political Economy, 10 (1999): 283-300.

Voigt, Stefan. “Making Constitutions Work: Conditions for Maintaining the Rule of Law,” Cato Journal, 18, 2 (1998): 191-208.

Voitovich, Sergei A. “The Commonwealth of Independent States: An Emerging Institutional Model,” European Journal of International Law, 4, 3 (1993): 403-429.

Volodin, Viktor. “In Tiraspol, they’re thinking about a compromise.” Current Digest of the Soviet Press, April 22, 1992.

Vorndran, Oliver, “Institutional Power and Ideology in the Ukrainian Constitutional Proces” in Kuzio, T., D’Anieri, P. and Kravchuk, R.S., eds., State and Institution Building in Ukraine (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999): 269-296.

Vu, Nhan T. “The Nondemocratic Benefits of Elections—The Case of Cambodia,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 28 (1996): 395-

Vuckovic, Gojko. “Promoting peace and democracy in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars, Comparative assessment of the democratization and institution-building process in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and former Yugoslavia,” World Affairs, 162, 1 (Summer), 1999.

Wagstyl, Stefan. “Macedonian MPs ‘must vote for peace deal,’” Financial Times (London), September 5, 2001, P8.

Waldron, Jeremy. “Precommitment and Disagreement,” pp. 271-300 in Larry Alexander, ed., Constitutionalism: Philosophical Foundations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Waliggo, John. “The Main Actors in the Constitution-Making Process in Uganda,” pp. 43-68 in in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Walker, Edward W. “Constitutional Obstacles to Peace in Chechnya,” East European Constitutional Review, Summer 1997: 55-60.

Wallensteen, Peter and Margareta Sollenberg. “Armed Conflict Termination and Peace Agreements, 1989-98,” Journal of Peace Research 34, 3 (1999): 339-58.

Walter, Barbara. Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Walter, Barbara F. “The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement,” International Organiztion, 51, 3 (Summer 1997): 335-64.

Walter, Barbara. “Designing Transitions from Civil War,” International Security, 24, 1 (Summer 1999): 127-155.

Walter, Barbara and Jack Snyder, ed., Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Wanda, B. P. “The Shaping of the Modern Constitution of Swaziland: A Review of Some Social and Historical Factors,” Lesotho Law Journal, 6, 1 (1990): 137-178.

Wapakhabulo, James. “Managing the Constitution-Making Process in Uganda,” pp. 114-131 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Ware, L.B. “Ben Ali’s constitutional coup in Tunisia.” Middle East Journal 42, 4 (1988): 587-601.

Ware, Richard. Democracy in Russia. London: Parliament, House of Commons Library, 1998.

Waseem, Mohammed. “Democratisation in Pakistan: A decade of trials and tribulations.” International Journal of Punjab Studies 5, 2 (1998): 193-211.

Washington Times. “Maldives: The Question of Democracy.” Available from http://www.internationalreports.net/asiapacific/maldives/2002/thequestion.html , accessed February 7, 2003.

Waters, David M. “Korean Constitutionalism and the ‘Special Act’ to Prosecute Former Presidents Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-Woo,” Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 10 (1996): 461-488.

Way, Lucan A. “Pluralism by default in Moldova.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): 127-141.

Weaver, Russell L. and John C. Knechtle. “Constitution Drafting in the Former Soviet Union: The Kyrghyzstan and Belarus Constitutions,” Wisconsin International Law Journal, 12, 1 (XXXX): 29-57.

Weber, Renate. “Constitutionalism as a vehicle for democratic consolidation in Romania.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 212-242.

Weekly Crier (Estonia). “Archives: News highlights from October 12-October 19, 1998.” Available from http://www.balticsww.com/wkcrier/1012_1026.htm , accessed January 31, 2003.

Weiker, Walter F. The Turkish Revolution 1960-1961: Aspects of Military Politics. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1963.

Weiner, Robert. “Democratization in Romania,” pp. 3-24 in Lavinia Stan, ed., Romania in Transition. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1997.

Weinstein, Martin. Uruguay: Democracy at the Crossroads. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Wenyin, Deng Awur. Southern Sudan and the Making of a Permanent Constitution in Sudan. Juba, Sudan: University of Juba, 1987.

Weller, Monika. “Application of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Hungarian Legal System,” Acta Juridica Hungarica, 40, 1-2 (1990): 105-118.

West, James M. A Critical Discourse on Korean Law and Economy. Edited by Jae Won Kim. Seuol: James West Memorial Fund for Human Rights, 2002.

Whitehead, Laurence. “The Emergence of Democracy in Bolivia.” In Towards Democratic Viability: The Bolivian Experience, edited by John Crabtree and Laurence Whitehead. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave, 2001.

Wiberg, Hakan. “Former Yugoslavia: nations above all,” pp.202-222 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-Communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Wickliffe, Caren. “Multiculturalism and the Constitution: The Lesson from Another Country: Fiji,” pp. 244-258 in Colin James,ed., Building the Constitution. Wellington, New Zealand: Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, 2000.*

Wickramanayake, Abeysinghe. The Executive Presidency. Colombo: S. Godage Brothers (1999).

Wiechers, Marinus. “Constitution-Making, Peace-Building and National Reconciliation.” Paper prepared for the United States Institute of Peace Working Group on Constitution Writing and Conflict Resolution, Washington, D.C., March 28, 2003.

Wiener, Antje and Vincent della Sala. “Constitution-Making and Citizenship Practice: Bridging the Democracy Gap in the EU?” Journal of Common Market Studies, 35, 4 (1997), 595

Williams, Philip J. and Lee Walker, “The Nicaraguan Constitutional Experience: Process, Conflict, Contradictions and Change,” Draft Paper prepared for the Working Group on Constitution Writing and Conflict Resolution, U.S. Institute of Peace, Washington, D.C., October 11, 2002.

Wiseman, Henry and Alastair M. Taylor. 1981. From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe: the Politics of Transition. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press.

Wiseman, John A. “The Gambia: From Coup to Elections.” Journal of Democracy 9,2 (1998): 64-75.

Wodajo, Kifle. “The Making of the Ethiopian Constitution,” pp. 132-142 in Goran Hyden and Denis Venter, eds. Constitution-Making and Democratisation in Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, December 2001.

Wodie Vangah, Francis. “Regimes militaries et constitutionalisme en Afrique,” Receuil Penant, (Revue de droit des pays d’Afrique) 100, 803 (1990): 195-204.

Wojcik, Mark E. The Quest for Harmony: a Pictorial History of Law and Justice in the Republic of Palau, Koror: Palau Supreme Court, 1995. Time line.

Wolczuk, Kataryna, The Moulding of Ukraine: the Constitutional Politics of State Formation (Budapest: Central European University, 2002).

Wolczuk, Kataryna, “The Politics of Constitution Making in Ukraine” in T. Kuzio, ed, Contemporary Ukraine. Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1998): 118-138.

Wolczuk, Kataryna. “Ukraine: Tormented constitution-making.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 243-268.

Wolfers, Edward P. “Aspects of Political culture and Institution-Building in Melanesia: The Constitutional Planning Committee on Provincial Government in the Solomon Islands,” pp. 280-306 in The Politics of Evolving Cultures in the Pacific Islands, Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by the Institute for Polynesian Studies, Brigham Young University-Hawaii Campus, Laie, Hawaii, February 1982.

Wood, Ellen. “Prelude to an anti-war constitution,” The Journal of Pacific History, 28, 1 (1993), 53-67.

Wood, Nicholas. “Trust me says NLA leader, this is peace: Commander of ethnic Albanian rebels promises arms and territory will be surrendered and Macedonia united,” The Guardian (London), August 18, 2001, p13.

Woodward, Susan. “Bosnia and Herzegovina: How Not to End Civil War,” in Barbara Walter and Jack Snyder, eds., Civil Wars, Insecurity and Intervention. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Wright, J. “Samoa: Only the name has changed.” Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Australia), September 11, 1997.

Wright, Robin. “Powell visits Macedonia in major shift of U.S. policy,” Los Angeles Times, April 13, 2001, pA4.

Wyk, Dawid van. “The Making of the Namibian Constitution: Lessons for Africa,” Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, 24, 3 (1991): 341-450.

Wyman, Lowry. “What the 1995 constitution means to the people of Kazakhstan.” Central Asia Monitor 1996, 5: 21-23.

Wyrzykowski, Miroslaw. “Legitimacy: The price of a delayed constitution in Poland.” In Democratic Consolidation in Europe: Volume 1 Institutional Engineering, edited by Jan Zielonka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 431-454.

Yakovlev, Alexander M. Striving for Law in a Lawless Land: Memoirs of a Russian Reformer. London: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.

Yaklovev, Alexandre with Dale Gibson. The Bear that Wouldn’t Dance: Failed attempts to Reform the Constitution of the Former Soviet Union. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Legal Research Institute of the University of Manitoba, 1992.

Yee, Sienho. “The New Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina,” European Journal of International Law, 7, 2 (1996): 517-593.

Yohannes, Zemhret. “Nation-Building and Constitution-Making in Eritrea,” Eritrean Studies Review, 1, 1 (1996), 155-175.

Yoon, Dae-Kyu. “New Developments in Korean Constitutionalism: Changes and Prospects,” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 4, 1 (1995): 395- 418.

Yunas, S. Fida. Afghanistan: Jirgahs and Loyah Jirgahs the Afghan Tradition (977AD to 1992AD). Peshawar, Pakistan: The Aays, 1997.

Zakharchenko, Ivan. “Public discussion of draft constitution ends in Kazakhstan.” ITAR-TASS, October 29, 1992.

Zakharchenko, Ivan. “Kazakh draft constitution to be further improved.” ITAR-TASS, December 11, 1992.

Zambia. Constitutional Review Commission. Report of the Constitutional Review Commission. Lusaka, Zambia, 1995.

Zambia. Mvunga Commission. Constitution Report. Lusaka, Zambia: Ministry of Legal Affairs, 1990.

Zhdannikov, Dmitry. “Moldavia: ‘Agrarian Democratic’ constitution is adopted.” Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, August 24, 1994.

Zhovtis, Evgeniy. “Commentary on Lowry Wyman’s article: ‘What the 1995 Constitution mans to the People of Kazakhstan.” Central Asia Monitor 1996, 5: 24-26.

Zhukov, Valery. “Tajikistan to have president.” ITAR-TASS, April 12, 1994.

Zhukov, Valery. “Draft Tajik constitution to be discussed by people.” ITAR-TASS, April 19, 1994.

Zhukov, Valery. “Specialists pleased by Tajikistan’s draft constitution.” ITAR-TASS, June 16, 1994.

Zifcak, Spencer. “Democracy and the Rule of Law in Slovakia,” The Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 53 (1994).: 86-104.

Zifzak, Spencer. “Adjudicating Social Rights: Lessons from the Hungarian Constitutional Experience,” East European Human Rights Review, 4, 1 (1998): 53-96.

“Zimbabwe Rhodesia Government Accepts British Proposals” 21 September 1979, source unknown (accessed via web, http://www.gta.gov.zw/Constitutional/Lancaster, 11/9/02).

“Zimbabwe: Constitution”, The Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, (http://www.eisa.org.za/zim_handbk3.htm, accessed 10/19/02).

“Zimbabwe”, information on Zimbabwean 2000 referendum (accessed via http://www.cnn.com, 10/23/02).

“Zimbabwe”. 2001. As found in Constitutions of the World, Robert L. Maddex. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

Zimbabwe News Online. 1998. “Why Mugabe does not want constitution changed”, May 15 (accessed via web, http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Newsletters/zmno20.html, 11/9/02).

Zilys, Juozas. “The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania—Historical Aspects of Establishment and Its Present Legal Status.” Journal of Constitutional Law in Eastern and Central Europe, 1 (1994): 209-229.

Zoir, Rahmatillo and Scott Newton. “Constitutional and legislative reform.” Accord 10 (2001). Available from http://www.c-r.org/accord/tajik/accord10/inter.htm , accessed December 6, 2002.

Zoir, Rahmatillo and Scott Newton, “Constitutional and Legislative Reform,” Accord (publication of Conciliation Resources, London), 10 (Special Issue on the “Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process), 2001: 54-59.

Zorgbibe, Charles. “Les Nouvelles-Hebrides: une independance difficile.” Revue politique et parliamentaire 82 (1980): 56-64.

Zorgbibe, Charles. Vanuatu, Naissance d’un Etat. Paris: Economica, 1981.

Zoubir, Yahia H. “Stalled Democratization of an Authoritarian Regime: The Case of Algeria,” Democratization, 2, 2 (Summer 1995): 109-139.

Zukrowska, Katarzyna. “Poland: an effective strategy of systemic change,” pp.168-184 in Wojciech Kostecki, Katarzyna Zukrowska and Bogdan J. Goralcyzk eds. Transformations of Post-Communist States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Zvobgo, E.J.M. 1984. “The Zimbabwean Constitution After Four Years of Independence” Public Law: 447-60.

Serials Newspapers, Newsletters, and YearbooksAAP Newsfeed. Africa ConfidentialAfrica News ServiceAfrica Research BulletinAfrica Contemporary RecordAfrica South of the SaharaAssociated Press (wire service as archived on Lexis-Nexis)Agence France Presse (wire service as archived on Lexis-Nexis)Baltic News ServiceBritish Broadcasting Corporation (wire service as archived on Lexis-Nexis)Constitutions of the Countries of the WorldCTK National NewswireDawn (Karachi)Deutsche Presse-AgenturEast European Constitutional ReviewThe EconomistFacts on File World News DigestFinancial Times, LondonForeign Broadcast Information ServiceThe Guardian, London (wire service as archived on Lexis-Nexis)

Independent (London)Indian Ocean Newsletter (accessed through Lexis-Nexis)Inter Press ServiceITAR-TASS Keesing’s Record of World Events. (Various years used). Latin America and Caribbean Contemporary Record.Latin America Data BaseThe New York TimesPacific Islands MonthlyPacific Islands ReportThe Times of LondonUnited Press International (wire service as archived on Lexis-Nexis)The Washington PostWest AfricaXinhua General Overseas News ServiceXinhua News Agency