Working at Height Book (1)

7/30/2019 Working at Height Book (1)

1/82009 Edition

The InternationalWorking at Height

Handbook


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6 Working at HeigHt

Contents _______________________________________________ Pages

INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________ 5

1.0 DEFINITIONS / GLOSSARY______________________________ 8 - 10

2.0 PRINCIPLES OF WORkING AT HEIGHT _________________ 11 - 27

Hierarchy o Risk ___________________________________________________12

The Fall Cycle ______________________________________________________13

Fall Protection Overview _____________________________________________14

3.0 PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION_________________________ 28 - 37

Work Restraint _____________________________________________________28Fall Arrest _________________________________________________________29

Work Positioning ___________________________________________________32

Rope Access ______________________________________________________34

4.0 INTRODUCTION TO WORkING AT HEIGHT PPE_________ 38 - 42

Management o PPE in Industry _______________________________________38Categories o PPE __________________________________________________40

Equipment Reerence Guide __________________________________________41

5.0 SAFE USE OF EQUIPMENT _____________________________ 43 - 85Harnesses _________________________________________________________43

Karabiners _________________________________________________________49

Maillons ___________________________________________________________56Ropes ____________________________________________________________58

Lanyards and Energy Absorbers ______________________________________65

Fall Arrest Blocks ___________________________________________________69

Mobile Fall Arresters ________________________________________________72

Webbing Slings ____________________________________________________75

Wire Rope Slings ___________________________________________________78

Ascenders _________________________________________________________80

Descenders ________________________________________________________82

Helmets ___________________________________________________________84

6.0 CLIMBING SYSTEMS ___________________________________ 86 - 99

Lead Climbing _____________________________________________________86Climbing Calls ______________________________________________________88

Climbing with Lanyards ______________________________________________89

Throwing Ropes ____________________________________________________92

Clip Sticks _________________________________________________________95

Using a Fixed Line __________________________________________________96

Retrieving Ropes rom a Structure _____________________________________97

Using Work Positioning Lanyards______________________________________98


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Working at HeigHt 7

7.0 ANCHOR POINT SELECTION

AND GOOD RIGGING PRACTICE______________________100 - 115Selecting an Anchor Point ___________________________________________100

Scaolding _______________________________________________________102

Handrails _________________________________________________________102

Pipework _________________________________________________________103

Bolts ____________________________________________________________103Slings ____________________________________________________________106

Angle Loading_____________________________________________________108

Y Anchors ______________________________________________________109

Vertical Lielines ___________________________________________________112

Horizontal Lielines _________________________________________________113

8.0 kNOTS _______________________________________________116 - 122

Figure o 8 on a Bight ______________________________________________117Figure o 9 on a Bight ______________________________________________118

Alpine Buttery ____________________________________________________118Double Figure o 8 on a Bight (Rabbit Knot) ____________________________119

Double Fishermans ________________________________________________120

Barrel Knot _______________________________________________________121

Bowline __________________________________________________________121

Italian Hitch _______________________________________________________122

Clove Hitch _______________________________________________________122

9.0 RESCUE______________________________________________123 - 135

Lowering Techniques _______________________________________________125

Diagonal Guidelines ________________________________________________128Stretchers ________________________________________________________129

Pulley Systems ____________________________________________________130

10.0 WORk AT HEIGHT SURVIVAL GUIDE__________________136 - 143

11.0 LEGISLATION & RISk ASSESSMENT__________________144 - 149Legislation ________________________________________________________144

Risk Assessment __________________________________________________145

APPENDICES_________________________________________150 - 153 Equipment Standards ______________________________________________150

Weights and Measures _____________________________________________151

Hand Signals or Crane Operations __________________________________152

Man-riding Tugger Signals __________________________________________153

TABLES_______________________________________________154 - 160

Wire Rope Breaking Loads __________________________________________154Sae Working Load Limits o Wire Rope Slings _________________________155

Sae Working Load Limits o Man-made Fibre Slings ____________________156

Sae Working Load Limits o Alloy Shackles ___________________________157Sae Working Load Limits o Eyebolts ________________________________158

Sae Working Load Limits o Pairs o Eye bolts _________________________159

Sae Working Load Limits o Rigging Screws / Turnbuckles_______________160


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Working at HeigHt 21

FIXED LADDERS

Fall Protection

Primary : Hands and eet on ladder

Secondary : Installed vertical lieline

or rail system, with mobile all

arrester attached to sternal harness

attachment point

Note: ladder hoops are not eective

all protection but are installed more

or confdence purposes

Fall Prevention

Climb careully with three points o

climbing contact

Know how to use secondary system

equipment properly

Training

Awareness training, including correct

use o all arrest equipment and

rescue procedures

!


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Inspection

Chec:

ID number present

Chec device, free from:

Buckling

Wear

Corrosion

Cracks

Chec condition of:

Nuts and bolts

Springs and rivets

Chec function of:

Opening, closing and locking

m e c h a n i s m s

ASCENDERS

Always read Manuacturers instructions

INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE CHECK LIST

Maintenance

Clean prior to inspection

Lubricate ater inspection

Store hung up in dry environment

Marking

Ascenders may be lightly engraved,

location o marking will vary

according to type


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118 Working at HeigHt

ALPINE BUTTERFLY

A mid-rope knot, good or three way loading Approx 65% efcient

FIGURE OF 9 ON A BIGHT

For orming a loop in end o rope Approx 75% efcient

1 32

21

43


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FIGURE 9.2

Where the casualty is

ree-hanging, approach

to the casualty would

need to be by abseil

descent, this requires

specialist rope access

training

FIGURE 9.2b

The rescuer

transers the

casualtys weight

to the new system

FIGURE 9.2a

Rescuer descends

to the casualty and

attaches a new

system and back-up

FIGURE 9.2c

The rescuer

descends with

the casualty


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128 Working at HeigHt

Attachment

detail

Main Guideline

Backup Guideline

Main Control Line

Backup Control Line

DIAGONAL GUIDELINES

In some cases a straight lower may

be impossible as obstacles on the

structure may prevent it In these

cases diagonal guidelines may beused

The diagram shows a ully backed

up system, however in certain

rescue situations the extra time

involved in organising back-ups

may be deemed impractical where

time considerations are criticalMain

Guideline

MechanicallyTensioned

Guidelines may

also be tensioned

through any

Locking Descender

or Italian Hitch

Bac-up

Guideline

Hand

Tensioned

FIGURE 9.3

Diagonal

guideline

rescue

Documents

Working at Height Book (1)