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Answer Key

EFS Unit 17

Exercise A

Part 1

1. have been built

2. led

3. come

4. started

5. is

6. was built

7. was

8. was completed

9. was

10. is visited

Part 2

1. was, highway, Rome

2. built, around

3. were, ancient

4. have, are, being

Exercise B

Part 1

(a) What did you think

(b) it was great

(c) when he said

(d) in the cafeteria

(e) he’ll win the election?

(f) he’s got a good chance

(g) as good as his

(h) I agree

(i) For her

Part 2

1. No, I don’t agree

2. what can our representatives do?

3. also express our views

4. Yeah, that would be great

5a. Right!

5b. every OTHER day!

Exercise C

Part 1

We need someone to represent us to the

administration.

1. Sure, but what can our representatives do?

They can't change anything. They just plan

dances!

2. Well they can also express our views. For

example, they could recommend to change

the class schedule.

3. Yeah, that would be great. It would be nice to

have fewer classes each day.

4. Right! Math and science every other day!

Part 2

1. What did Tiara think of Michael's speech?

2. Who does Tiara think will win the election?

3. What does Tiara think about student

government?

4. What kind of changes would Tina like?

5. How would Tina like to change the class

schedule?



Exercise D

Part 1

1. Ataturk was born in 1881 in Salonika, (now

called Thessaloniki).

2. During the First World War, he was a brave

soldier and a brilliant military leader.

3. Mustafa opposed the Turkish government's

decision to surrender and give up parts of

the country to foreign control.

4. The War took three years, and by the end of

1922, the Turkish army had won and the

country was free.

5. He believed that the traditional Muslim way of

organizing the country was old-fashioned

6. In 1928, the written Turkish language was

changed from Arabic script to Latin script.

7. Following these changes, Turkey became a

secular country, which meant that Islam was

no longer the state religion.

8. On November 10th, 1938, after an illness, the

Father of modern Turkey died.

Part 2

1. When he was only nine years old his father

arranged for him to get married.

2. His father took him to the family of his future

wife.

3. On the way home, Temujin's father met some

enemies of the Mongols.

4. They gave him some poisoned food, and he

died.

5. When Temujin heard about his father's death he

returned home to take his father's place as

leader of their tribe.

6. However, the tribe did not accept Temujin as

their leader because they thought he was too

young.

Exercise E

Part 1

1. was working

2. studied

3. graduating

4. making

5. took part

6. lived

7. exiled

8. heard

9. returned

Part 2

Army: army, battle, commander, general, military,

soldier, war, warrior

Government: assembly, congress, democracy,

dynasty, government, monarchy,

representatives, republic, ruler

Both: chief, leader

Exercise F

Part 1

1. The circulatory system includes the heart and

blood vessels.

2. Excess food that is digested is turned into fat

and stored in your body.

3. The immune system is the body's defense

system against infections and diseases.

4. Nerve impulses control your muscles and

organs.

5. The reproductive system allows humans to

produce children

Part 2

1. (g),

2. (c),

3. (d),

4. (j),

5. (a),

6. (b),

7. (e),

8. (h),

9. (i),

10. (f)



RFS Unit 17

Getting Started

Comprehension Check 1

2. False: Mrs. Thatcher’s parents ran a grocery shop. 3. False: She worked as a chemist, but she was

more interested in politics. 4. False: British people were impressed by her

strong character and her skills as a speaker. 5. False: Mrs. Thatcher was married and raised

two children. 6. False: Mrs. Thatcher became Prime Minister

20 years after she was first elected to Parliament.

7. False: Mrs. Thatcher fought the trade unions.

8. True

Vocabulary Practice 1

2. (h) a member of Parliament 3. (g) a grocery shop

4. (i) health care

5. (c) Conservative Party

6. (j) Oxford University

7. (d) Prime Minister

8. (b) twentieth century

9. (a) a trade union

10. (e) The United Kingdom

Language Focus 1

2. From 1943 to 1947, she studied Chemistry at Oxford University.

3. In 1949, at the age of 24, Margaret

became a political candidate.

4. In December 1951, Margaret married Denis

Thatcher, a businessman.

5. Mrs. Thatcher was elected as a Member of

Parliament in 1959.

6. In 1975, she became the leader of the

Conservative political party.

7. She wanted to weaken the power of the British

trade unions.

8. Mrs. Thatcher believed that people should rely on themselves.


1. (b)

2. (b)

3. (a)

4. (b)

5. (b)

6. (a)


Across 1. term

7. resign

8. attack

9. policy

10. election

Down

1. tax

2. military

3. party

4. strong

5. candidate

6. economy

Language Focus 2

1. were controlled

2. directed

3. surrendered

4. were excited

5. was re-elected

6. decided

7. listened

8. refused

9. forced



EFS Unit 18

Exercise A

Part 1

1. is being treated

2. have been cutting down

3. is wearing

4. is taking

5. is being cut down

Part 2 (Possible answers)

1. If she doesn't see a doctor soon, she could get

worse.

2. If the amount he pours is incorrect, the

experiment could fail.

3. If she keeps practicing, she will reach her goal

very soon.

4. If too many of our forests are cut, it will create

problems for the environment. Without enough

trees, many animals will lose their homes or be

in danger. If we aren't careful, we could destroy

the Earth's natural balance

Exercise B

Part 1

(a) is moving

(b) does he think?

(c) haven’t had a chance

(d) is he leaving?

(e) from now

(f) going to

(g) What about

(h) will there be

(i) has never happened

(j) what’s going on

Part 2

(a) was supposed

(b) today

(c) forgot

(d) wasn’t

(e) going

(f) don’t want

(g) Did

(h) wants

Exercise C

Part 1

1. I haven't had a chance to talk to him.

2. He said I can turn it in late.

3. I'm not interested in being president.

4. I thought it wasn't due until next week

5. You'd better finish it right away


1. Michael’s family is moving

2. This has never happened before so Tiara doesn’t

know

3. Alex forgot

4. Alex doesn’t want his parents to find out

5. Alex will be in trouble with his parents

Exercise D

Part 1

1. characteristics,

2. countries,

3. population,

4. territory,

5. borders,

6. government,

7. institution,

8. control,

9. political,

10. systems

Part 2

1. oligarchy

2. oligarchy

3. democracy

4. autocracy

5. democracy

6. autocracy

7. anarchy

8. democracy

9. autocracy

10. anarchy



Exercise E

Part 1

1. g

2. c

3. h

4. f

5. e

6. b

7. i

8. j

9. d

10. a

Part 2

1. also

2. for example

3. then

4. These

5. As a result

6. This is true

7. Instead

8. Another

Exercise F

Part 1

1. had, neither

2. trenches, were

3. singing, the other

4. truce, won’t

5. both, each other

Part 2

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. T

5. F

6. F

7. T

8. F

9. T

10. F



RFS Unit 18

Getting Started


1. The United Nations was created to prevent another world war and to help nations cooperate with each other.

2. The UN Headquarters are located on international territory within New York City.

3. From 1945 to 2013, the number of UN member nations grew from 51 members to 193.

4. The goals of the UN include promoting peace, protecting human rights, and providing emergency assistance after natural disasters.

5. The UN provides emergency assistance to countries that have suffered natural disasters, such as floods or earthquakes.


Across 3. protects

5. relief

7. disasters

8. territory

9. member

10. express

Down

1. formed

2. destroyed

4. Charter

6. signed

Language Focus 1

1.(i) protects human rights

2.(c) to express opinions

3.(e) with new democratic governments

4.(j) free and fair

5.(a) for emergency assistance

6.(d) floods or earthquakes

7.(h) food and medicine

8.(b) or poverty

9.(f) worldwide community


1. (c)

2. (b)

3. (a)

4. (b)

5. (b)


2. (e) recommendation

3. (f) resolution

4. (c) regional

5. (a) approval

6. (d) present

Language Focus 2

1. must be approved 2. passed; is called

3. are selected

4. are elected

5. is rejected; approve



EFS Unit 19

Exercise A

Part 1

1. Learning how to drive

2. is taking

3. has to pass

4. hasn't driven

5. worried

Part 2

1. has, to write

2. passing, needs to

3. have, will

4. needs, pass

5. fails, might not

Exercise B

Part 1

Tina: have you been?

Alex: have you been waiting?

Tina: for almost fifteen minutes!

Tina: we'll be late, at the station.

Tina: How could you forget

Alex: I was sorry.

Tina: irresponsible.

Part 2

1. are you leaving,

2. yet,

3. already

4. Are you looking,

5. there,

6. really,

7. I’d rather

8. here.

9. Are you ready

10. still

Exercise C

Part 1

1. How long has Tina been waiting for Alex?

2. Why did Tina call their mother?

3. What is Michael's father doing in London now?

4. How does Michael feel about moving to

London?

5. What is Tina doing to prepare for the test?


1. She’s upset because she has been waiting 15

minutes for Alex to show up. She doesn’t want

to be late for their music lessons.

2. He was working with Mei on his project that is

due tomorrow. He likes working with Mei.

3. Probably not because their mom is meeting

them at the station.

4. He’s not sure. It depends on when his father can

find them a place to live. His father is in London

now.

5. Mr. Adams has said that it would be easy, but

Michael isn’t sure. He’ll believe that when he

sees the test.

Exercise D

Part 1

1. economy, distributed

2. government, population, needs

3. may have, resources, support

4. workforce, can be traded

Part 2

1. credit

2. money

3. make payments on time

4. borrowers

5. line of credit



Exercise E

Part 1

1. prices,

2. rise,

3. demand,

4. fall,

5. fewer,

6. supplies

7. higher

8. increase,

9. more,

10. low

Part 2

1. wants

2. imports

3. exports

4. value

5. lending

6. rise

7. increase

8. fall

9. high

10. high

Exercise F

Part 1

1. Educational, include

2. require, practice

3. educate, become

4. provide, animals

5. jobs, belong to

Part 2

Arts: dancer, orchestra, painter, poet

Education & Training: college, teacher, tutor,

university

Financial: accountant, bank, investment, loan

Government: diplomat, election, mayor, politician

Health: hospital, nurse, pharmacist, veterinarian

Law Enforcement: criminal, judge, police, prison

guard

Science & Technology: applied research, engineer,

scientist

Tourism: cruise ship, hotel, tourist

Trades & Services: beautician, electrician, plumber



RFS Unit 19

Getting Started


(Answers will vary)

1. When two people barter, each person trades a valuable thing or service for something that the other person can provide.

2. When two people barter, each person must have something that the other person wants. Also, the goods or services have to be of equal value.

3. They would not be useful since they are very easy to get.

4. Beads and shells were some of the earliest forms of money, as well as grain and cattle.

5. Gold and silver were rare and could be used to make beautiful jewelry.

6. Money makes it easier for people to share goods and services.


Across 3. cattle 6. goods 8. rare 9. attractive 10. system

Down

1. exchange 2. precious 4. trade 5. value 7. service

Language Focus 1

1. (e) as valuable

2. (b) as early as

3.(c) as a form

4.(k) were also used

5.(a) as money

6.(i) could exchange

7.(f) such as

8.(l) could be used to

9.(j) to use

10. (g) in exchange for


1. False: People used pieces of gold and silver as money before 2500 BCE.

2. True 3. False: Different cities or rulers put their own

symbols onto their coins. 4. False: Paper notes are usually used for

larger amounts of money than coins. 5. False: Paper money was first observed in China by

European traders. 6. False: Today, you cannot exchange paper money

for a fixed amount of gold or silver.


2. Different 3. Different 4. Same 5. Different 6. Same 7. Same 8. Same 9. Different 10. Same 11. Different 12. Different

Language Focus 2

1. (d) bronze 2. (h) coin 3. (b) valuable 4. (c) marked 5. (l) prove 6. (g) symbols 7. (a) amount 8. (k) specific 9. (e) reduce



EBTN

Unit 1: Numbers, Fractions and Decimals

1. eight hundred eighty-four thousand eight

hundred (and) fifty

2. one-fifth

3. point zero zero eight or eight one-thousandths

4. six hundred ninety-five

5. three and fivesixteenths

6. twelve point zero six

7. point five percent

8. seven-eighths

9. one million, five hundred thousand

10. a hundred and fifty eight thousand, seven

hundred (and) eighty

Unit 2: Numerical Relations & Operations

1. 98

2. 9

3. 10(a-b)

4. 10

5. 25

6. (a+b)/2

7. 20

8. 10 & 12

9. 10

10. 4a + 3b

Unit 3: Related Changes

Unit 4: Line Graphs

1. rose sharply

2. high

3. remained flat

4. 6%

5. 1976

6. 1982 to 1983

Unit 5: Bar Graphs

1. The birthrate for Asia is 3.5.

2. Europe has a birthrate just below 2.0.

3. Japan has the lowest birthrate.

4. The United States has a birthrate slightly

higher than Japan’s but lower than

Europe’s.

5. The U.S. has a higher birthrate than Japan.

6. Asia and Latin America have about the same

birthrate.



NDE Module 6

UNIT 1

Life Experience: Practice Exercise A

has taught;

was;

worked;

came;

was given;

decided;

wanted;

was going;

got married;

have;

have lived

Life Experience: Practice Exercise B

1. Richard used to live in Hong Kong, but now he lives in England.

2. His girlfriend came to London to get a job as a model.

3. Richard enjoys/likes living in England and he likes/enjoys teaching.

Life Experience: Practice Exercise C

1. read

2. like

3. stay

4. work

Life Experience: Practice Exercise E

has written;

have been;

is writing;

likes;

has travelled;

went;

went;

has gone;

is getting;

get;

hasn’t met

Life Experience: Practice Exercise F

1. Since

2. for

3. ago; after

4. For

5. ago; after

Life Experience: Practice Exercise H

1. Jack has been arrested three times.

2. Jack was caught and put in jail.

3. John’s first book was rejected (by the publishers).

4. Richard was given a (government) grant to study in the UK.

5. That was the first time he was arrested.

Life Experience: Practice Exercise I

1. still

2. still

3. yet

4. anymore

5. still

6. still

7. anymore

8. already



UNIT 2

Matrix Vocabulary: Practice Exercise A

1. f

2. b

3. a

4. i

5. c

6. h

7. j

8. d

9. e

10. g

Matrix Vocabulary: Practice Exercise C

1. h

2. f

3. a

4. g

5. d

6. j

7. c

8. e

9. b

10. i

Matrix Vocabulary: Practice Exercise E

1. d; h

2. i

3. d; f

4. a

5. e; i

6. g

7. j

8. c

9. g

10. b

Matrix Vocabulary: Practice Exercise F

1. g

2. e

3. h

4. d

5. c

6. j

7. f

8. b

9. a

10. i

Matrix Vocabulary: Practice Exercise G

1. i

2. b

3. l

4. f

5. e

6. g; c

7. d

8. j; a/k

9. h

10. k

Matrix Vocabulary Crossword

e

t

r

o e

s s o c k

e

z

i

r

e

v

s a l e s p n o s

y

r

p i t o l

c

o

a

d a o

d

h i p s l a

g l v s

r

e d u c a t i n o

e

n

r

e

g

c

a n g e i

r

p

f e a

s t f i

h

o t

i

g

n

s

h

r

d o c t o

e

n

t

s

i l b r a r y

l

y

r t o i l e t

e

r

r

o

r

m

a

p

h e t

x

p

e m a s u e

t r

p

a

s

e

w o r e

t

u

a



UNIT 3

Comparison: Practice Exercise A

1. c

2. c

3. b

4. a

5. b

6. c

7. b

8. a

9. a

10. b

11. c

12. a

13. c

14. a

15. b

Comparison: Practice Exercise B

short/shorter/shortest;

long/longer/longest;

old/older/oldest;

heavy/heavier/heaviest;

beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful;

expensive/more expensive/most expensive;

fast/faster/fastest;

young/younger/youngest;

new/newer/newest;

small/smaller/smallest;

big/bigger/biggest;

light/lighter/lightest;

strong/stronger/strongest;

handsome/handsomer/handsomest;

difficult/more difficult/most difficult

Comparison: Practice Exercise C

1. shorter than

2. longer; than

3. ten minutes earlier than

4. (thirty pounds) heavier than

5. less than; more than

Comparison: Practice Exercise E

1. the oldest

2. the heaviest

3. the nicest sound.

4. the smallest population

5. the largest area

Comparison: Practice Exercise F

1. taller

2. tall

3. the oldest

4. more than

5. as much as

6. smaller

7. larger

8. larger

Comparison: Practice Exercise H

1. 2,800 miles farther

2. 21 degrees warmer than

3. ten inches taller than

4. five years younger than

5. costs $3,000 more than

6. a hundred years older than



REVIEW EXERCISES

E1

1. He has been arrested three times.

2. Each time he had to go to jail.

3. He has been in jail three times. Each time he was there for eight months.

4. He has been in jail for two years.

E2

1. Yes, he has traveled to many parts of the world.

2. He was eighteen years old when he went

abroad for the first time.

3. When he was nineteen he went to Japan and

Korea.

4. Since then he has gone to a different country

every year.

E3

1. No, he can’t find a job.

2. Nobody would hire him. He doesn’t have any job skills.

3. That is not very surprising because he hasn’t done very much.

4. He wishes he could start his life over.

E4

1. He has written several books.

2. He is writing about the life of Mikhail

Gorbachev, the famous Soviet leader.

3. He kept on trying.

4. His next book was much better.

E5

1. written

2. was

3. was

4. still hasn’t

5. been

6. had

7. but

8. could

9. coming

10. ever

11. used

12. by

13. during

14. order

15. flown



NDE Module 7

UNIT 1.

Life Choices Practice Exercise A

Harry (c) Joan (a) Joe (d) Sandra (b)

Life Choices Practice Exercise B

1. if

2. even though

3. As a result,

4. While

5. unless

6. Because

Life Choices Practice Exercise C

(4) (1) (5) (3) (6) (2)

Life Choices Practice Exercise D

1. Had Joan not joined the company, it wouldn't have

doubled in size.

2. Had the other coffee shop not opened up across the

street, Joe might not have had to close his business.

3. Had Harry not studied foreign languages, he would not

have been able to become a translator.

4. Joan's job would not have been eliminated had

another company not bought her agency.

5. Joan thinks things would not have turned out so well

had she not taken a chance.

Life Choices Practice Exercise E

1. If Joan hadn't liked the idea of working for a small

company, she would not have taken the job at Ace Health.

2. If the factory hadn't had high levels of pollution, it

would not have had to reduce its operations.

3. If Joe's prices had been lower, he might not have lost so

much business.

4. If Harry hadn't been injured, he wouldn't have to use a

wheelchair.

5. If Joan had not worked so hard, she might not have

become a vice-president of the company.

Life Choices Practice Exercise F

1. learn, will pass

2. won’t swim, is

3. has, will see

4. will be, come

5. earn, will fly

6. don’t come, will miss

7. won’t be, forget

8. go, will visit

Life Choices Practice Exercise G

1. had, would buy

2. were, would invite

3. would go, had

4. learned, would be

5. would call, saw

6. had, would play

7. came, wouldn’t be

8. were, wouldn’t go

Life Choices Practice Exercise H

1. had been, would have played

2. wouldn’t have broken down, had checked

3. had gone, would have had

4. would have understood, had read

5. would have been, had shined

6. had learned, would have written



Life Choices Practice Exercise J

1W 2W 3A C 4C I D E N T

5C O U L D 6B E E N G H

U u R E A

L 7R U N N E R N L

D E 8S C L 9H

F A Y E 10S A D

11B O U G H T L N P

S 12W A G P

13W H E E L 14C H A I R 15T W E N T Y

A L Y

F K 16B U S I N E S S

E



UNIT 2.

Space and Time Practice Exercise A

Jeff, Nicole, blank, Kathy, Sharon, David, Jimmy

Space and Time Practice Exercise B

a) 1. Sharon 2. Jeff 3. Nicole

b) 1. Nicole 2. Sharon 3. Jeff

c) 1. Her car broke down 2. She telephoned

for the tow truck. 3. It started to rain

d) 1. She was talking on the telephone. 2. It

started to rain. 3. It stopped raining. 4. She

got gas.

Space and Time Practice Exercise C

1. (a), (c), (d), (e)

2. (b), (a), (d), (f), (e)

3. (b), (d), (c)



UNIT 3

Epidemic Practice Exercise A

1. For example

2. Because of

3. Therefore

4. Therefore

5. for example

6. If

Epidemic Practice Exercise B

1. has made

2. wears

3. have made

4. are

Epidemic Practice Exercise C

1. such as

2. both

3. for example, that/which

4. are used to, such as

5. that/which

6. Some kind

7. for example

8. that/which

9. a type

10. that/which

Epidemic Practice Exercise D

1. have made

2. have given

3. have, been developed

4. has increased

Epidemic Practice Exercise E

Polio (1)

E . coli (3)

antibiotics (5)

tuberculosis (4)

HIV (1)

Epidemic Practice Exercise F

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (e)

Epidemic Practice Exercise G

1. (a), (b), (c)

2. (b), (c), (d)

3. (a), (b), (c)

4. (b)

Epidemic Practice Exercise H

1. The low cost of producing silicon chips has brought electronic technology into our every life.

2. The diffusion of internet has made information transfer even faster than ever before.

3. The rapid development of computer technology has made it difficult to stay updated.

4. The decreased cost of computers has offered a greater number of people the possibility of buying a computer.

Epidemic Practice Exercise J

1. can

2. can

3. couldn’t

4. can

5. couldn’t

6. can

7. could

8. could

9. could

10.. can’t

11. can

12. Can



Epidemic Practice Exercise K

1H 2K 3I 4A

5M E D I C 6A L N 7D N

A D N F R T

R N 8T U B E R C U L O S I S

T E I C G B

Y B T 9P E O P L E

10E I I D

11P O L I O O I

I T N 12L I F E

D 13H I V S

E C

M 14D I S E A S E S

I 15V

16C O N T R O L A

S 17T E C H N O L O G Y

C

18P O P U L A T I O N I

19P N E U M O N I A

E

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