Work Study Classical ILO ApproachMethod StudyWork measurement

Work StudyWork study is a generic term for those techniques, particularly Method Study and Work Measurement, which are used in the examination of of human work in in all its contexts, and which lead systematically to the investigation of all factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed in order to effect improvement.

Work StrudyWork Measurement

Method Study

Work MeasurementIt is the application of techniques designed to establish the time required for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance.

Method StudyIt is the systematic recording & critical examination of existing & proposed ways of doing work, as means of developing & applying easier & more effective methods & reducing costs

Productivity ManagementProductivity Is Ratio Of Output To Input.It Measures Utilization of Resources to Produce Utilities.Work Study Tries to Improve Productivity of Labour, Material & Machine By Taking A Re-look At Work Content

Work Content

Basic work content

Basic Steps in Work StudySelectRecordExamineDevelopMeasureDefineInstallMaintain

Primary Questions

Purpose

Place

What is being done?Why is the activity necessary at all?

Where is it being done?Why is it being done there?

When is it being done?Why is it being done at that time?

Sequence

Who is doing it?Why is that person doing it?

Person

How is it being done?Why is it being done in that particular manner?

Means

Eliminate unnecessary parts of job

Combine wherever possible

Rearrange sequence of operations for more effective results

Simplify the operation

Secondary Questions

PurposeWhatWhy ThatWhat elseWhat should

PlaceWhereWhy ThereWhere elseWhere should

SequenceWhenWhy ThenWhen elseWhen should

PersonWhoWhy That personWho elseWho should

MeansHowWhy that wayHow elseHow should

Movement DiagramsFlow DiagramString DiagramTravel Chart

Principles of Motion EconomyUse of Human BodyArrangement of the workplaceDesign of tools and equipments

Use of Human BodyTwo hands should begin and complete their movements at the same timeTwo hands should not be idle at the same time.Motion of arms should be symmetrical and in opposite directions and simultaneousHand and body motions should be made at the lowest classification.Continuous curved movements are preferable to straight line motion involving sudden & sharp changes in direction.Work should be arranged to permit easy and natural rhythm.

ClassPivotBody Member1KnuckleFinger2WristHand and Fingers3ElbowForearm, hand and fingers4ShoulderUpper arm, forearm, hand and fingers5TrunkTorso, upper arm, forearm, hand and fingers

Arrangement of workplaceDefinite and fixed stations should be provided for all tools and materials to permit habit formation.Tools and materials should be pre-positioned to reduce searching.Tools and materials to be located in maximum working area.Tools and materials should be arranged to permit best sequence of operations.Provision should be made for adequate lighting and a chair to permit good posture.Colour of the workplace should contrast with that of the work to reduce eye fatigue.

Design of Tool and EquipmentHands should be relieved of all work of holding the work-piece wherever possible.Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.When each limb performs some specific movement, load to be distributed in accordance with the inherent strength of the limb.

Design of Tool and EquipmentContHandles should be designed so that maximum surface of the hand is in contact with it, especially when considerable force is needed.Levers, crossbars, hand-wheels should be so placed that operative can reach with least change in body position and greatest mechanical advantage.

Charts - Process SequenceOutline Process ChartsFlow Process ChartTwo Handed Process Chart

Outline Process ChartAn Outline Process Chart is a process chart giving an overall picture by recording in sequence only the main operations and inspections

Product

Mfg Process

ActivitiesDescriptionOperation 1Drill hole in Blade 1Operation 2Sharpen Blade 1Inspection 1Examine Blade 1Operation 3Fix Handle 1 to Blade 1Operation 4Drill hole in Blade 2Operation 5Sharpen Blade 2Inspection 2Examine Blade 2Operation 6Fix Handle 2 to Blade 2Operation 7Insert Rivet in both bladesOperation 8Form head of RivetInspection 3Inspect the pair of scissors

Process Chart SymbolsOperation

InspectionTransport

Temporary storage or delay

Permanent storage

Outline Process Chart12134526789RivetHandle 1Blade 1Handle 2Blade 2(60)(90)(40)(120)(60)(90)(40)(120)(20)(40)(15)Note : Figures in brackets are the durations for each activity

Flow Process ChartsA Flow Process Chart is a process chart setting out the sequence of the flow of a product or a procedure by recording all events under review using the appropriate process chart symbols

Flow Process ChartsFlow Process Chart man type : A flow process chart which records what the worker does.Flow Process Chart material type : A flow process chart which records how material is handled or treated.Flow Process Chart equipment type : A flow process chart which records how equipment is used.

Process Chart SymbolsOperation

InspectionTransport

Temporary storage or delay

Permanent storage

Sheet1

Flow Process Chart - 1

Activity - Making Tea

DescriptionQtyDist. (Ft)Time (sec.)

Light Gas10

Get Utensil320

Get water520

Keep water for boiling10

Get Sugar430

Get Tea powder430

Add sugar and tea in water20

Get Milk640

Get Utensil320

Keep Milk for boiling10

Wait for the milk and tea to boil180

Put off the gas10

Get Cup & saucer520

Get strainer220

Pour tea through strainer in the cup30

Pour milk through strainer in the cup30

TOTAL32500781

Sheet1

Flow Process Chart - 2

Activity - Making Tea

DescriptionQtyDist. (Ft)Time (sec.)

Get 2 Utensils & milk850

Light Gas10

Keep Milk for boiling10

Get water620

Keep water for boiling10

Get Sugar & Tea Powder530

Add sugar and tea in boiling water20

Get Cup & saucer & strainer620

Wait for the milk and tea to boil60

Put off the gas10

Pour tea through strainer in the cup30

Pour milk through strainer in the cup30

TOTAL25300761