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WORD CONNOTATION AS A COMPONENT OF THE LANGUAGE CONCEPT SYSTEM
Perm State University
Relations between the vocabulary and the system of concepts
One concept – several lexemes: «death» – смерть, кончина, похороны…
One lexeme – several concepts: зеленый – «color», «immaturity»… бельчонок, ребёнок… – «cub»
бельчонок – «animal»
ребёнок – «human being»
Subject of conceptualization
Outer space Language
(including lexical connotation)
Components of connotation
Intralingual: diachronic etymological (motivational)
Extralingual: stylistic social idiolectal psycological (emotional, estimative) cultural
Connotation concepts - metalinguistic conceptual areas,
describing stilistic and social differentiation of language
Standard Colloquial speech Low colloquial speech Dialect Slang Scientific style Journalistic style …
Experiment
Informants (n = 60): students of 1, 3 and 4th years
Material – lexical items: • colloquial• low colloquial• slang
Dictionaries
Ermakova О.P., Zemskaja Е.А., Rozina R.I. Slova, s kotorymi my vse vstrechalis: tolkovyj slovar russkogo obschego zhargona. М., 1999.
Mokienko V.М., Nikitina Т.G. Bolshoj slovar russkogo zhargona. SPb., 2000.
Ozhegov S.I. Slovar russkogo jazyka. М., 1988. Maksimov B.B. Filtruj bazar: slovar molodezhnogo
zhargona g. Magnitogorska. Magnitogorsk, 2002. Slovar sovremennogo russkogo goroda / pod. red.
B.I. Osipova. М., 2003.
Dictionaries data about words, students listed as colloquial, low colloquial and slang, %
Words connotation according
dictionaries
Words of students connotation areas
colloquial low colloquial slang
Low colloquial 5,9 10,3 2,0
Slang 51,2 23,5 59,7
Colloquial 7,8 10,7 1,7
Local 0,5 7,4 0,4
Standard 9,3 13,2 0,2Different attribution 4,9 6,4 6,4Absent in dictionaries 20,5 28,5 29,5
Words with colloquial connotation (n = 205)
slang (51,2%): бабло ‘money’, абзац ‘we've had it’, ботан ‘diligent pupil or student’, универ ‘university’ etc.
standard (8,8%): буханка, беседа, еда etc.
low colloquial (5,9%): башка, морда, мысля, тетенька etc.
Words with low colloquial connotation (n = 281)
low colloquial (10,3%): больно ‘very’, айда ‘lets go’ etc.
slang (23,5%): мажорно ‘excellent’, обламывать ‘not to live up’ etc.
standard (12,5%): поганка ‘toadstool’, кулёк ‘mat-bag’, плясать ‘to dance’ etc.
colloquial (10,6%): болтать ‘to chat’, видно ‘it appears’ etc.
Words with slang connotation (n = 404)
slang (59,7%): беспонтовый ‘bad’, ваще ‘generally’, забубенить ‘to make something’ etc.
questionable attribution (40%): базарить ‘to speak’, обалдеть ‘to surprise’ etc.
absent in dictionaries (29%): падик ‘entrance hall’, компарашка ‘company’, задёр ‘one who mad of computer gaming’ etc.
Conclusion
The connotative concepts «colloquial», «low colloquial» and «slang» are interfused
Slang has more well-defined boundaries than colloquial and low colloquial speech