Word Alive Magazine - Summer 2009

7/23/2019 Word Alive Magazine - Summer 2009

1/36

D@@X\XblbavbsGarst Efoa`

@arlr`gt

IbwOarbltfrI`kbo

Kassaf Obatjb Kaost f

Rilbrtàit

Sylmab Hahmb _rìsm`tfrs fg Lìò` \ukkbr 8>>1

& Bybs MastbiSylmab àos Hahmb trìsm`tafi

aitf saci mìcu`cbs gfr tjb Ob`g.

Mbt


2/36

^jftfcr`pjbr @mì Jffo ìo A wbrb watj 02 @gralì sa

mìcu`cb Hahmb trìsm`tfrs gfr fimy ` gbw o`ys wjbi tj

hbcì hràistfrkaic `hfut us. _by aisastbo tj`t wb j

saci i`kbsstìo`ro lumtur`m pr`ltalb gfr ìyfib wj

vasats fr dfais ` crfup fg Ob`g*.

Fur Sylmab lfmmb`cub J`rry J`rks jò fficbr-spbmmbo fur

i`kbs O-w-`-y-i-b ìo @-m-`-i gfr tjb trìsm`tfrs, wjf wbrb

hbaic tràibo `t tjb Ob`g Fppfrtuiaty FutXb`lj (OFFX) lbit

ai Iàrfha, Ebiy`. Hut tj`t lfumoit rbpm`lb ` rb`m saci i`kb5 fi

h`sbo fi sfkb akpfrtìt fr oastailt pjysal`m fr ifi-pjysal`m

lj`r`ltbrastal fg furs. A jò gb`rs tjbsb yfuic, gui-mfvaic @gral`

wfumo wìt tf rbprbsbit ky m`rcbr-tjì-`vbr`cb ifsb fr ky h`m

aic jbò. Sjf wfumo wìt tf cbt m`hbmmbo watj tjfsb i`kbs6Gfrtui`tbmy, tjrfucj lfisbisus, tjby oblaobo fi rbprbsbitaic

sfkbtjaic mbss bkh`rr`ssaic4 ky cm`ssbs ìo hb`ro, ` oastailt lf

hai`tafi `kfic tjas crfup. f aitrfoulb kysbmg tf ftjbr Ob`g gr

ifw fi, A kèb ` ffst dust ai grfit ìo tf tjb saob fg ky byb, watj

tjb jbbm fg ky jìo pfaitaic `jbò ìo ky tjukh ìo aiobx ff

futstrbtljbo `hfvb ìo hbmfw ky byb. _`ts tjb cm`ssbs p`rt. _

A fpbi tj`t s`kb jìo ìo ruh ky fficbrs ofwi tjb saob fg ky

_`ts tjb hb`ro p`rt. Ky saci i`kb as matbr`mmy Cm`ssbs-Hb`ro.

A gbmt kfrb `llbptbo hy tjb Ob`g j`vaic tjas saci i`kb ìo tj

wbrb `mw`ys bxlatbo tf sbb kb usb at, wjalj A oao gfr tjb rbst fg f

trap tjas p`st \bptbkhbr. \tamm, at w`s oalumt tf rb`mmy bitbr tjb O

wfrmo hbyfio ` supbrffla`m mbvbm watjfu

eifwaic tjb saci mìcu`cbs tjby spbè sj`rb tjbar obbpbst tjfucjts ìo bkftaf

@ jucb lfkkuial`tafi h`rrabr oavaobs

\akam`rmy, at as vbry oalumt gfr Cfos

trutj ai Jas Sfro tf bitbr ìo akp`lt t

mavbs fg tjb Ob`g, uimbss at lfkbs ai tjba

jb`rt mìcu`cbssaci mìcu`cbs. Gfr tj

rb`sfi, Sylmab wfrebrs `rb fi tjb lusp

ì `llbmbr`taic bfrt tf trìsm`tb \lrapt

aitf tjb 8>>-?>> bstak`tbo saci mìcu`c

usbo hy Ob`g pbfpmb wfrmowaob.

Ai tjas assub fg Sfro @mavb, wb tèb yf

tf @gral` ìo \pài tf sbb tjas luttaic-bocb trìsm`tafi wfre ai

`ltafi. Sb `msf j`vb stfrabs `hfut rbm`tbo bfrts tf4 0) obvbmfp

sfw`rb tf ào ai saci mìcu`cb ìak`tafi, 8) fbr saci mìcu`c

trìsm`tafi tràiaic, ìo 1-027?),

Grbilj tjbfmfcaì ìo rbgfrkbr,

ai Aistatutbs fg tjb Ljrastaì Xbmacafi

kkbr 8>>1 Wfmukb 83 Iukhbr 8

fro @mavb,wjalj tèbs ats i`kb grfk Jbhrbws ?408`, as tjb fggala`mmal`tafi fg Sylmaggb Hahmb _rìsm`tfrs fg Lìò`. Ats kassafi as tf

rk, aisparb io aivfmvb tjb Ljrastaì puhmal s p`rtibrs ai tjb

rmowaob Hahmb trìsm`tafi kfvbkbit.

tfr4Ow`yib Dìeb

sacibr4Màro \`mebmo

iafr \t`gg Sratbr4Ofuc Mflej`rt

gg Sratbrs4Dìbt \bbvbr, Obhfr`j Lrfucj

gg ^jftfcr`pjbr4@mì Jffo

bltfr fg Lfkkuial`tafis4O`vb Lrfucj

fro @mavb as puhmasjbo gfur takbs ìiu`mmy hy Sylmaggb Hahmb

ism`tfrs fg Lìò`, ? \t IB, L`mc`ry, @H _8B 7E> mìcu`cb prfdblts gfr

rb tjì ` j`mg hammafi pbfpmb. Jfwbvbr, `hfut 8,?>> kaifraty crfups

wàt gfr tjb pfwbr fg Cfo wfreaic tjrfucj tjbar fwi mìcu`cbs.

lmaggb aivatbs yfu tf p`rtalap`tb ai tjas bggfrt tjrfucj pr`ybr, sbrvalb

guioaic.

iòaì Jbò Fggalb4? \t IB, L`mc`ry, @H _8B 7E>-?7


3/36

Gb`turbs@rtalmbs Hy Ow`yib D ieb ^jftfcr pjs hy @mì Jffo

7 Ats ` _akb fg tjb \acis Mbo hy ` Ebiyì g`rkbrìo àobo hy Sylmab bxpbrtasb, OFFX Aitbri`tafi`m

kfhamazbs Ob`g saci mìcu`cb Hahmb trìsm`tfrs ai @gral`.

0: Wat`m \acis Oa`cifsas4 Kìy fg tjb wfrmos Ob`g `rb aisparatu`m amm jb`mtj. ^`rt fg tjb prbslraptafi4 trìsm`tb Cfos

Sfro aitf saci mìcu`cbs.

8? \acis @mfic tjb S`y @s Cfo mbòs, Sylmabs \tbvbìo Oaìib ^`rejurst `rb duccmaic ift fib, hut twf, saci

mìcu`cb prfdblts ai \pài.

Obp`rtkbits

8 Gfrbwfro Cavb Kb ` \aci (I`kb).

? S`tljwfroSylmab Lìò` Hf`roI`kbs Ibw Oarbltfr.


4/36

Ebvai

Cfis`mvbs

OfiJfribkì

Sylmab Lìò` as ai ` pbrafo fgtrìsatafi, `s lurrbit BxblutavbOarbltfr O`vb Fjmsfi ffiasjbs jas

sbrvalb ai Ifvbkhbr 8>>1.

f prfvaob mbòbrsjap upfi lfkpmb-tafi fg Fjmsfis tbrk, tjb Sylmab Lìò`

hf`ro fg oarbltfrs rblbitmy oblaobo uiìakfusmy

tf `ppfait Ofi Jbekì (mb) `s aitbrak bxblu-

tavb oarbltfr. Ofi ìo jas wagb K`rtj` j`vb

hbbi kbkhbrs fg Sylmab aitbri`tafi`mmy gfr 82, òobo Sabis. Wasafi 8>82 as tjb cf`m fg

sbbaic Hahmb trìsm`tafi st`rtbo ai bvbry mìcu`cb crfup stamm ibbo-

aic at hy tjb yb`r 8>82.

S`tljwfro

Sylmab Lìò`

Hf`ro I`kbsIbw Oarbltfr

Sylmab Lìò` j`s rb`ljbo ì `crbbkbit watj yio`mb Riavbrsaty Lfmmbbst`hmasj ` maicuastals prfcr`k fi ats l`kp

frfitf. _b `crbbkbit, sacibo ai kao-Gb

bi`hmbs Sylmab lìoao`tbs tf lfkpmbtb ktjbar prb-ffbmo tràiaic rbquarbkbits `t y

Sylmab Lìò` Bxblutavb Oarbltfr O`

Fjmsfi (hbmfw, racjt) sbbs tjb fppfrtuiat

wfreaic watj yio`mb `s ` pfsatavb stbp, bspbla`mmy sailb tjb

cr`k wamm hb fbrbo ai tjb Crb`tbr frfitf @rb` (C@), wa

jacjbst pfpum`tafi obisaty ai Lìò`.

_as `crbbkbit as saciafflìt ai tj`t at as `froaic Ljras

stuobits ai tjb C@ tjb fppfrtuiaty tf tèb maicuastals `s `

p`rt fg tjbar prbp`r`tafi, gfr pftbita`m kassafi`ry sbrvalb, a

Ljrastaì lfitbxt lmfsb tf jfkb.

_b `crbbkbit lì fimy bijìlb rblruatkbit fppfrtui

kfrb stuobits j`vb tjb fppfrtuiaty tf bxpmfrb wj`t as j`pp

ai tjb kaiastrabs fg tjb wfrmowaob Hahmb trìsm`tafi kfvbkb

yio`mb ^rbsaobit Hraì \tammbr (hbmfw, mb) sào tjb uiavb

w`s j`ppy p`rtibraic watj Sylmab fi tjb ibw maicuastals p

cr`k, w

wamm strb

bi hftj

tabs.

A tja

Sylma

kàità

hftj ats

sparatu`

aitbmmblùtjfrat

sào. @

tjaie tj

`ma`taf

watj us

`llbmbr`

tjbar k

Sylmab,

_yio`mb

Bst`hmasj

Maicuastals^rfcr`k

D@@X\ Ail., Sylmabs tbljial`m `rk, j`s tèbiobmavbry fg ats ffrst Efoaè, ` 0>-sb`t, turhf prfpàrlr` (hbmfw) l`p`hmb fg sjfrt tèb-fs ìo

mìoaics usaic rbòamy `vàm`hmb dbt gubm.

Dust tjb bacjtj Efoaè kòb hy Pubst @arlr`

Lfkpìy fg Ao`jf (www.qubstàrlr`.lfk), tjb

pmìb wamm hb usbo ai kfuitàifus ^`pu` Ibw

Cuaib`. D@@X\ as tjb ffrst kassafi fr jukìat`r-

aì frcìaz`tafi tf purlj`sb ìo rblbavb tjb spbla`mty àrlr`.

Efoaè pmìbs `rb tjb eby tf lfitaiuaic tjb prfvasafi fg àr

tr`vbm tf suppfrt Hahmb trìsm`tafi bfrts wfrmowaob. @ ibw typb fg

pmìb as ibbobo hblùsb fg ì

`caic bbt fg D@@X\ àrlr`(prak`ramy watj pastfi-oravbi

bicaibs) ìo tjb pj`saic fut

fg `va`tafi cròb c`sfmaib.

. . .Sb mffebo aitf tjb

guturb fg `va`tafi gfr ` s`gb,

bbltavb sfmutafi tf fur p`s-

sbicbrs uiaqub trìspfrt`tafi

rbquarbkbits, sào O`vao Xbbvbs, D@@X\ prbsaobit. _b Efoaè as

wbmm-pfasbo tf kbbt tjb lj`mmbicaic ibbos fg tjb trìsm`tafi lfk-

kuiaty ai rbkftb fpbr`tafis.

D@@X\

Xblbavbs

Garst

Efoaè

@arlr`gt

Hahmb _rìsm`tafi @cbily Gfrkbo ai Hf

Oarbltfrs ìo mbòbrs grfk 08 kaiastrabs ìo frcìaz`taai Hfmava` j`vb bst`hmasjbo Hfmavaìs ai rìsm`tafi `Matbr`ly (HB@). _b ibw `cbily w`s gfrkbo ai Ifvbkhbtjb laty fg \ulrb.

HB@ j`s hbcui pmìiaic ats str`tbcy tf kfhamazb ljurlj

aioavaou`ms tjrfucjfut tjbar \futj @kbralì i`tafi.

Lrb`tafi fg tjb ibw `cbily rbblts tjb lfkkatkbit fg HB

frcìazaic p`rtibrs gfr Hahmb trìsm`tafi ìo Wasafi 8>82. W

8>82 as ` cf`m aiata`tbo hy Sylmab Hahmb rìsm`tfrs tf sbb H

trìsm`tafi uiobrw`y ai bvbry mìcu`cb fg tjb wfrmo stamm ib

at, hy tjb yb`r 8>82.

? Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`


5/36

Mamy\uccbtt

Gfur Iacbraì aitbris, ailmuoaic ` Mutjbrì p`stfr ìo ì @icmalì prabst,j`vb ofuhmbo tjb sazb fg ` mìcu`cb survby tb`k wfreaic tf lmb`rmyobtbrkaib tjb Hahmb trìsm`tafi ibbo ai tjbar @gralì lfuitry.

_b ibwlfkbrs, wjf suppmbkbit gfur bxp`tra`tb Sylmab survbyfrs, j`vb rblbavbo

sax wbbes fg aitbisavb lm`ssrffk tràiaic, gfmmfwbo hy tjbar ffrst sflafmaicuastal survby

trap tf aivbstac`tb tjb D`r`w` oa`mblts spfebi ai Hùlja st`tb,

s`ys Kaeb Xuble, tjb tb`ks mbòbr. _bar aitbrisjap wamm

lfitaiub gfr tjrbb yb`rs.

_brb `rb fvbr > Iacbraì mìcu`cbs ibboaic `ssbsskbit,

ìo ` typal`m tb`k kacjt `ssbss sax mìcu`cbs ai ` yb`r, s`ys

Xuble. X`tjbr tjì tèb fvbr 2> yb`rs tf `ssbss `mm fg tjfsb

mìcu`cbs, wb wìt tf kumtapmy

fur bfrts hy tràiaic Iacbraìs `s mìcu`cb survbyfrs.

Sb wìt tf bi`hmb tjb Iacbraì Ljurlj tf of tjas wfre.

\flafmaicuastal survby as tjb `ltavaty fg c`tjbraic aigfrk`tafi

`hfut jfw mìcu`cbs `rb usbo ai ` sflabty, vat`m gfr oaslfvbraicwj`t \lrapturb trìsm`tafi ibbos bxast.

Sfro Lfuit

2>>Iukhbr fg mìcu`cbs Sylmab gfuiobr Samma`k L`kbrfi fwisbiotjfucjt ibbobo Hahmb trìsm`tafi ai tjb b`rmy 01s.

>>Iukhbr fg mìcu`cbs Sylmab tjfucjt ibbobo trìsm`tafi ai tjb 011>s.8, sbts fg ibts ìo

lurtàis j`vb hbbi oastrahutbo sf

g`r hy tjb @ssfla`tafi E`ì @mpj`ìo \fkbrmbo Gfuio`tafi. _bar

cf`m as tf cbt ibts aitf bvbry hbo-

rffk, ìo lurtàis fi bvbry grfit

offr ìo sattaic rffk waiofw.

Iacbraìs Cbt Mìcu`cb \urvby _ràiaic

\furlb4_jb @mpj`hbt Kèbrs5 Sylmab Aitbri`tafi`m

^XFBM, tjb Sylmab frcìaz`tafiai \pài, as fbraic ` k`stbrsobcrbb tf prbp`rb stuobits gfr sbrvalb

ai Hahmb trìsm`tafi.

_as p`st yb`r 0> stuobits cròu`tbo

grfk tjb prfcr`k ai `ppmabo maicuas-

tals, trìsm`tafi io matbr`ly. \ax `rb

`mrbòy aivfmvbo ai \lrapturb trìsm`-

tafi. @ ibw h`tlj fg stuobits as lur-

rbitmy stuoyaic ai tjas yb`rs prfcr`k.

^XFBM as fbraic tjb tràiaic ai

p`rtibrsjap watj tjb `ppmabo maicuas-

tals obp`rtkbit fg tjb Riavbrsaty fg

Mbfi.

_r ism`tafi ^mìiaic

@lrfss tjb _uior

@Sylmab tb`k j`s lfkpmbt-bo rbsb`rlj fg mìcu`cbsspfebi hy pbfpmb crfups sprbò

`lrfss tjfusìos fg eamfkbtrbs

fg tuior` ai \ahbra`.

_b mìcu`cb survby bfrts,

h`sbo fi mahr`ry rbsb`rlj,bxtbisavb ibtwfreaic ìo sfkb

tr`vbmmaic tf tjb mìcu`cb `rb`s,

aobitaffbo ` iukhbr fg oa`mblts.

Xblfkkbio tafis hfut tjb

ibbo gfr Hahmb trìsm`tafi j`vb

hbbi kòb ìo ifw mbòbrs

kust oblaob jfw tf rbspfio.

_b tb`k oaslfvbrbo tjb ibbo

gfr \lrapturbs (bvbi tjfsb ai

Xussaì) tf hb prbsbitbo ai lum-

tur`mmy `pprfpra`tb w`ys sf tjbyj`vb ` rb`m akp`lt fi mavbs.

@s fib `rb` p`stfr put at4

Jukìat`raì ào sjfumo ift

hb hrfucjt tf us watjfut tjb

cfspbm. . . . At ofbsit jbmp tf

cavb sfkbfib ` ibw dukpbr ai

\ahbra` ag tj`t aioavaou`m as cfaic

tf lfmm`psb obò oruie fi tjb

strbbt ai L. X`tjbr cavb us

Cfos Sfro, wjalj jbmps pbfpmb

tf bsl`pb grfk `mlfjfmask.

\pàis^XFBMFbrs@ovìlboMaicuastals_ràiaic

@hud`

MèbLjò

Cumg fg Cuaib`

I A C B X A @

Iacbr

Hbiai

L`kbrffi

Ljò

2Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`


6/36

Mbo hy ` Ebiyì g`rkbr ìoàobo hy Sylmab bxpbrtasb,OFFX Aitbri`tafi`m kfhamazbsOb`g saci mìcu`cbHahmb trìsm`tfrsai @gral`.

b`r ` gfftp`tj ` gbw stbps grfk jas sk`mm g`rky`ro, `

skamaic ^ùm Id`tj` swaics ` mfic eiagb `t tjb h`sb fg

tjale, kì-jacj cr`ss. Ats quatb lmfuoy fi tjas w`rk

\`turo`y kfriaic, hut tjb v`mmby hbjaio jak stamm mffes

aoymmal`mmy cfrcbfus, tbbkaic watj crbbi trbbs ìo lrfps (racjt).

Sjbi ^ùm j`s lut ` huiomb fg t`mm cr`ss, jb sl`kpbrs up tjb p`tj

ai ap-fps tf jas g`rky`ro, mfl`tbo fi jas kftjbrs mìo. Rsaic ìbmbltral-pfwbrbo ljfppbr, jb luts tjb cr`ss aitf sk`mm hats ìo kaxbs

at watj lfkkbrla`m gbbo. _as ifurasjbs jas tjrbb oàry lfws, wjalj

suppmy tjb kame tj`t ^ùm sbmms tf suppfrt jas wagb ìo twf ljamorbi.

Qfuo ibvbr eifw at hy mffeaic `t tjas t`mm g`rkbr, hut gfr kfst fg

tjb wbbe, jb as ^ùm tjb òkaiastr`tfr/aistrultfr ai Iàrfha, tjb hus-

tmaic l`pat`m fg Ebiy`. Bvbry wbbeo`y, ^ùm ljìcbs aitf orbss pìts,

sjart ìo sjfbs, l`tljbs ` k`t`tu(kaiahus) `t tjb ib`rhy vamm`cb fg

Eaioac` ìo kèbs ` 22-ek sfutjbrmy lfkkutb.

Ai Iàrfha, jb dukps f tjb k`t`tuìo strfmms tf tjb @gral`

lbitrb fg Ob`g Fppfrtuiaty FutXb`lj (OFFX) Aitbri`tafi`m. Jbrb

^ùm mbòs ì bfrt tf trìsm`tb Cfos Sfro aitf saci mìcu`cbs gfr

@gral`s Ob`g, watj tjb jbmp fg Sylmab Hahmb rìsm`tfrs.

Ai ofaic sf, ^ùms akkboa`tb gflus waobis trbkbiofusmygrfk

jas 0>>-hy-0>>-. g`rk tf tjb bitarb @gralì lfitaibit, jfkb tf tjb

kammafis fg Ob`g pbfpmb uirb`ljbo gfr tjb Mfro, gfr wjfk jb gbbms

` hurobi.

_brb `rb `rb`s ai @gral` wjbrb tjbrb `rb if ljurljbs `t `mm gfr

tjb Ob`g, jb s`ys, tjrfucj ì aitbrprbtbr. @io tjbrb `rb if UOb`g[

hbmabvbrs `t `mm ai sfkb p`rts fg @gral`.

^ùm, ?8, eifws ffrstjìo `hfut tjb pmacjt fg tjb Ob`g. Jb w`s

filb watjfut Ljrastìo jb as ob`g tff.

^ùm rbkbkhbrs tjb g`tbgum o`y, `t `cb bacjt,

wjbi jas jb`raic sakpmy oas`ppb`rbo.

Iftjaic rb`mmy j`ppbibo, jb s`ys. Fib o`y Awfeb up, A w`s ob`gA lfumoit jb`r. _`ts `mm.

Ofltfrs sào ^ùm jò mfst jas jb`raic ìo tjbrb w`s iftjaic tj`t

lfumo hb ofib `hfut at. Jb rbgusbo tf `llbpt tjas ibw pbrsfi`m rb`m-

aty. @s fib fg twf ob`g hfys ai ` rur`m g`kamy fg bacjt ljamorbi, ^ùm

prbssbo fi `s hbst jb lfumo ai tjb rbcum`r sljffm.

_b jb`raic tb`ljbrs bxpmàibo tjaics, hut A oaoit uiobrstìo.

A tjfucjt sfkbtjaic bmsb aistbò fg tjb racjt kbìaic fg tjaics, jb

rbl`mms. A gbmt mfibmy. A oaoit wìt tf sjfw pbfpmb tj`t A w`s ob`g.

At w`s j`ro gfr kb. @t tj`t pfait, A lfumo stamm spbè Uky trah`m mì-

cu`cbs[ `t mb`st, hut A lfumoit jb`r.

Gfrtui tbmy, ^ùm jò mb`ribo bifucj wjbi jb w`s stamm jb`r-

@rtalmbs hy Ow`yib Dìeb

^jftfcr`pjs hy @mì Jffo

\truccmb

ai \ambilb

7 Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`

Ats `_akb fg

tjb


7/36


8/36

aicwjbi jb lfumo sfuio fut mbttbrs ìo wfrostf obvbmfp

lrula`m rbòaic ìo wrataic seamms. Jas obtbrkaibo kftjbr `msf

wfrebo watj jak `br sljffm tf jbmp jbr sfi ebbp p`lb. _`t

lfitaiubo uitam jacj sljffm, wjbrb ` cffo grabio sj`rbo jas

lm`ss iftbs ìo k`tbra`ms. ^ùm pfrbo fvbr tjbk b`lj iacjt `s

jfkbwfre tf st`y `f`t ai lm`ss.

Hut ^ùm bkpj`sazbs tj`t jb w`s tjb bxlbptafi. Kìy ftjbr

pbfpmb wjf `rb ob`g grfk aigìly ai @gral` j`vb if g`kamy sup-

pfrt tf st`y ai sljffm.

Xbkbkhbr . . . A hbcì `s ` jb`raic pbrsfi, sf tj`t jbmpbo

kb, jb s`ys. Ag yfu lì uiobrstìo tjb jb`raic w`y fg mb`riaic,

tjbi yfu wamm hb fe`y.

At obpbios fi tjb p`rbits. _brbrb vbry gbw p`rbits, ` sk`mmpbrlbit`cb fg p`rbits, jb òos, tj`t jbmp tjbar ob`g ljamorbi,

tf `mmfw tjbk tf crfw. _b p`rbits tjaie, Fj, tjas ljamo ofbsit

j`vb ` guturb. \f tjby ebbp jak aisaob. . . . _by j`vb if bxpfsurb

futsaob tjbar vamm`cb fr tjbar jfkb. _by ofit j`vb ìy jfpb.

Hut ky kftjbr w`s bxlbptafi`m5 sjb w`s oabrbit. \jb

bilfur`cbo us tf cf tf sljffm.

_fucj ` gb`rgum ^ùm jò rbsastbo jas kftjbrs b`rmabr

`ttbkpts tf birfm jak ai ` Ob`g sljffm, jb ffi`mmy `crbbo tf

pursub tjas `br jacj sljffm. Fut fg 8>> stuobit `ppmalìts

wjf wbrb aitbrvabwbo tf `ttbio ` Ob`g vfl`tafi`m sljffm, tjb

8>1 wylmaggb.l`

_jb jb`raictb`ljbrs

bxpmàibotjaics, hutA oaoituiobrstìo. . . .A gbmt mfibmy.A oaoit wìttf sjfw pbfpmb

tj`t A w`sob`g. At w`sj`ro gfr kb.


9/36

_jbrbs . . .` sk`mmpbrlbit`cbfg p`rbitstj`t jbmptjbar ob`g

ljamorbi, tf`mmfw tjbktf crfw.

Fi wbbebios, ^ùm Id`tj`, wjf as ob`g, wfres fi jas s

g`rk ai Ebiy`, ofaic ljfrbs sulj `s ljfppaic cr`ss gf

oàry lfws (g`r mbgt). Hut b`lj wbbeo`y, `s oarbltfr fg O

Fppfrtuiaty FutXb`lj (OFFX) Aitbri`tafi`m ai @gral`,

^ùm gurtjbrs saci mìcu`cb \lrapturb trìsm`tafi bfrt

ai Ob`g lfkkuiatabs. ^`rt fg jas rfmb ailmuobs rbvabwai

or`gts io cavaic gbboh`le tf vaobft`pbo trìsm`tafis

saci mìcu`cb tb`ks, `s jb ofbs jbrb `t OFFXs tràia

lbitrb ai Iàrfha (mbgt).

_jb Sfrmos Ob`g @t ` Cmìlb

^fpum`tafi4Rilbrtài. @hfut 0 ai ` 0,>>>

pbfpmb `rb ob`g ai raljbr lfuitrabs. Ai pffr

lfuitrabs, tjb ffcurb as usu`mmy jacjbr. Fib

ùtjfraty bstak`tbs tjbrb `rb 8> kammafi

Ob`g cmfh`mmy.

Mfl`tafi4Gfuio ai `mm fg tjb wfrmos i`tafis.

Kfst vahrìt Ob`g lfkkuiatabs obvbmfp ai

k`dfr urhì `rb`s, wjbrb tjbrb `rb bifucj

Ob`g tf bilfur`cb tjas.

Aobitaty4_jb Ob`g `rb ` oastailt kaifraty

pbfpmb crfup watjai tjb lfitbxt fg tjbar

jfkb lfuitry. J`vb fwi lustfks, j`hats,

tjfucjt p`ttbris, mìcu`cb, lfkkfi

bxpbrabilbs ìo v`mubs. Ofit lfisaobr

tjbksbmvbs jìoal`ppbo fr oas`hmbo.

W`mubs/Magbstymb4_jb Ob`g fgtbi aobitaty

kfrb lmfsbmy watj ftjbr Ob`g tjì watj tjbar

fwi hafmfcal`m g`kamy. Jacjmy v`mub aitbr`l-

tafi watj ftjbr Ob`g `s ` kbìs tf prflbss

ìo aitbri`mazb aigfrk`tafi. _bio tf c`tjbr `t

Ob`g sljffms, lmuhs, `ssfla`tafis ìo ljurljbs.

Mìcu`cbs Rsbo4_jb Ob`g j`vb ralj,

lfkpmbtb, jacjmy vasu`m saci mìcu`cbs watj

jìo kfvbkbits, g`la`m bxprbssafi, byb

c`zb, sjfumobr pfsatafi, btl. Lfkpmbx, watj

` tjrbb-oakbisafi`m cr`kk`r ìo strulturb

sj`rbo `rfuio tjb wfrmo. Ofit gfmmfw tjb

frobr fr tjfucjt prflbss fg surrfuioaic

spfebi ìo wrattbi mìcu`cbs.

Iukhbr fg \aci Mìcu`cbs4Rilbrtài, oubtf tjb m`le fg mìcu`cb survby rbsb`rlj. 8

saci mìcu`cbs `rb lfiffrkbo. Jfwbvbr, tjbrb

k`y hb up tf ?>> oastailt saci mìcu`cbs ai

tjb wfrmo (ì `vbr`cb fg 8 pbr lfuitry).

Matbr`ly4Matbr`ly r`tb bstak`tbo tf hb mbss

tjì 02%. Bvbi ai tjb R.\., tjb Ob`g ai tjb

rbcum`r sljffm systbk `lquarb fimy ` Cròb

? Bicmasj rbòaic mbvbm. _jb Ob`g r`rbmy mb`ri

tjb wrattbi/spfebi mìcu`cb fg tjbar lfui-

try ubitmy. \aci mìcu`cb wrataic systbks

j`vb ift hbbi waobmy bkhr`lbo hy tjb Ob`g.

Xbmacafus Hbmabgs4@i bstak`tbo 8%

pbfpmb j`vb bkhr`lbo tjb cfspbm c

M`le fg `llbss tf uiobrstìo`hmb \

as ` k`dfr h`rrabr. Ob`g pbfpmb lfii

Cfo ìo wfrsjap Jak vbry oabrbi

jb`raic pbfpmb of. _jby prbgbr ljrf

stfrabs, or`k`s ìo sfics.

Hahmb _rìsm`tafi \t`tus4Kfst Ob

wfrmowaob j`vb if `llbss tf tjb \lai ìygfrk tjby lì uiobrstìo. _

Ibw _bst`kbit j`s fimy hbbi trì

aitf @kbralì \aci Mìcu`cb (@\M

ai 8>>2. @ jìogum fg ftjbr saci mì

j`vb sk`mm pfrtafis fg \lrapturb. _r

`rb usu`mmy prbsbitbo fi OWO watj

t`pbo sacibrs. Hahmb trìsm`tafi j`s

`hfut 2>saci mìcu`cbs hy sbvbr`

frcìaz`tafis, ailmuoaic Sylmabs

\AM, ìo kìy aioavaou`m ljurljbs.

rbm`tbo k`p, pc. 88.)

\furlbs4OFFX Aitbri`tafi`m (www.offraitbri`tafi`

\AM Aitbri`tafi`m \aci Mìcu`cb Mbòbrsjap _b`k.


10/36

Sjbi tjb `mt`r l`mm w`s cavbi fi tj`t Gbhru`ry o`y ai 0110,^ùm `llbptbo Dbsus, wjfk jb jb`ro jò oabo gfr jas sais, `s

\`vafur. A gbmt sf kulj hbttbr.

^ùm crbw ai jas gàtj hy `ttbioaic Hahmb stuoabs ìo kbkfraz

aic \lrapturb, hut ` tjfucjt hbcì tf i`c `t jak.

Ai ky magb A uiobrstffo tj`t A jò boul`tafi. A lfumo rbò, A

lfumo wratb. Hut kìy fg tjb Ob`g pbfpmb ofit j`vb tj`t prava-

mbcb. _by `rb ift boul`tbo ìo tjby ofit uiobrstìo. Jfw lì

A jbmp tjbk6

^ùm gbmt Cfo l`mmaic jak tf kaiastbr tf tjb Ob`g. \f, obspatb ja

gurafus kftjbrs fhdbltafis, jb quat jas bmbltralaìs dfh. Jb hbcì

tb`ljaic Ob`g stuobits `hfut tjb Hahmb ai tjbar sljffms, wjbrb

jb `tb ìo smbpt, sbbaic tjas `s ` prfvasafi fg Cfo sailb jb w`s

uis`m`rabo. \bvbr`m yb`rs m`tbr, jb tffe ` s`m`rabo pfsatafi watj tj@kbralì kassafi`ry `t jas ljurlj ìo lfitaiubo tb`ljaic.

^ùm jò prbvafusmy jb`ro `hfut ` Ebiyì

grabios obsarb tf st`rt ` tràiaic lbitrb ai

Ebiy`, gfr ` R.\.-h`sbo frcìaz`tafi l`mmbo

OFFX Aitbri`tafi`m. Gfuiobo ai 01: Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`

Lj`rmbs Fdfe (mbgt), ` kbkhbr fg tjb Rcìoì \aci Mìcu`cb Hahmb trìsm`tafi

tb`k, sj`rbs ` gui kfkbit watj ^jamappb C`mmìt (racjt), OFFXs aitbri`tafi`m

tbljifmfcy lffroai`tfr, grfk tjb R.\. _jb twf pm`y ` hf`ro c`kb ouraic `

hrbè grfk tràiaic `t OFFXs Iàrfha lbitrb. Hftj `rb ob`g ìo usb Ebiyì

\aci Mìcu`cb `s tjb lfkkfi mìcu`cb fg lfkkuial`tafi ouraic sbssafis

`t tjb lbitrb, wjalj m`st sbvbr`m wbbes `t ` takb.

. . . A jò boul`tafi. Alfumo rbò, A lfumo wratb.Hut kìy fg tjb Ob`gpbfpmb ofit j`vb tj`t

pravambcb. _jby `rb iftboul`tbo ìo tjby ofituiobrstìo. Jfw lì Ajbmp tjbk6


11/36

Iàrfha, ai ` ibacjhfurjffo ofttbo watj gfrbaci bkh`ssabs ìo

lfisum`tbs.

OFFXs tràiaic prfcr`k tb`ljbs stuobits tf mb`ri ìo

kbkfrazb 072 ljrfifmfcal`m Hahmb stfrabs ai saci mìcu`cb, ai

frobr tf pmìt ìo mbò strfic, rbprfoulaic Ob`g hbmabvbrs gbm-

mfwsjaps. Rsaic tjas uiaqub, jacjmy bbltavb, lumtur`mmy `pprfpra-

`tb `pprf`lj, OFFXs cf`m as tf trài ` Ob`g tb`k grfk bvbry

lfuitry ai tjb wfrmo ai fib cbibr`tafi.

Ai 8>>8, ^ùm tffe up tjb

aivat`tafi grfk jas grabio tf

cbt tràiaic `t tjb OFFXlbitrb ai Iàrfha. _`t w`s tjb takb tj`t A mb`ribo jfw A lì

tb`lj tjb Ob`g w`y, usaic stfrabs, jb rbl`mms.

@ yb`r m`tbr, lfivailbo fg tjb bbltavbibss fg OFFXs

`pprf`lj, jb dfaibo ats st` ìo st`rtbo tràiaic ftjbrs.

Bvbitu`mmy, OFFXs aitbri`tafi`m mbòbrsjap hbcì pusjaic ^ùm

tf hb @gral` oarbltfr, lfivailbo fg jas `hamaty ìo lfkkatkbit.

Jb ffi`mmy `crbbo tf tèb tjb pfst, lfkhaiaic òkaiastr`tafi

ìo tb`ljaic (jas ffrst mfvb).

Kfrb Fi _jb Sbh4_f ffio fut kfrb `hfut

OFFX, vasat =www.offraitbri`tafi`m.lfk9.

Sfreaic watjSylmaggb fitrìsm`tafi, wbj`vb ` hbttbruiobrstìoaic fr` hbttbr w`y fglfkkuial`taicwatj Ob`g pbfpmb.

Gfr jb`raic vasatfrs wjf j`vb ibvbr hbbi tf` Ob`g ljurlj ai @gral`, tjb wfrsjap sbrvalb as

ì `mkfst surrb`m bxpbrabilb.

@ cffo bx`kpmb as J`rvbst Kassafi Ob`g

Ljurlj, ` 82-kaiutb strfmm grfk tjb OFFX

lbitrb ai Iàrfha, Ebiy`. Hbtwbbi :> ìo 08>

Ob`g `ttbio b`lj \uio`y ai ` waiofw-maibo

lj`pbm satu`tbo fi Or. Ljfs @gralì Kassafis

Lbitrb lfkpfuio.

_f ebbp takb gfr tjb crfup `s at saics, `

yfuic kì hb`ts twf m`rcb stales fi ` kbtrb-

jacj, jaob-lfvbrbo @gralì oruk (mbgt). _jb

Ob`g lìt jb`r tjb oruks sfuiohuk-

huk . . . h`ruk-huk-hukhut lì gbbm tjb

vahr`tafi grfk ats hb`t.@ sfic mbòbr stìos `t tjb grfit, saciaic

tjb wfros fg ` ljfrus `s tjb lficrbc`tafi

stìos, tjbar jìos ìo `rks saciaic ai

uiasfi.

@saob grfk tjb oruk, tjbrb as vbry mattmb

sfuio4 dust tjb sjuaic gbbt fg hbmabvbrs

sw`yaic ìo oìlaic, sfkb kfìaic grfk

sbvbr`m fg tjb Ob`g wfrsjappbrs, lrabs grfk

yfuic h`habs jbmo hy kftjbrs, ìo t`meaic

grfk sbvbr`m jb`raic eaos fg Ob`g p`rbits,

wàtaic tf jbò tf \uio`y sljffm futsaob.

Gfr fur hbibfft, OFFX st`br K`ra`k Ibebs`

aitbrprbts ì bx`kpmb fg wj`t tjb crfup as

saicaic ai Ebiyì saci mìcu`cb4 Ao`y tf wfrsjap yfu, Dbsus. Ats ` cffo

wfrsjap yfu, Dbsus. _fo`y as ` cffo o

wfrsjap yfu, Dbsus. S`me, w`me, w`me

w`me, w`me! S`me, w`me, w`meai tj

Cfo! @kbi!

Bvbrytjaictjb ljurljs iifui

tjb sbrkfi, tjb lficrbc`tafi`m pr`y

hy ` rfhbo ljfar (sbb pjftf, pc. 0:),

` or`k`tazbo Hahmb stfry hy vasataic

Hahmb trìsm`tfrsas ofib ai Ebiy`

Mìcu`cb.

@io bvbryfib wjf `ttbios jbrb rb

jb`raic io uiobrstìoaic dust ffi

S`me, S`me, S`me

Ai òoatafi tf rblbavaic tràiaic,

@gralì saci mìcu`cb tb`ks lfkb

tf tjb OFFX lbitrb tf usb ats stuoaf

g`lamatabs io l`kbr`/lfkputbr

bquapkbit tf vaobft`pb io boat

sacibo \lrapturb trìsm`tafis.


12/36

@ k`t`tukaia-hus trìspfrts tjb Ebiyì \aci Mìcu`cb trìsm`tafi tb`k ìo

sbvbr`m OFFX st` sbvbr`m jfurs b`st fg Iàrfha tf ` Ob`g sljffm (`hfvb). Filbtjbrb (racjt), ^ùm Id`tj` jbmps mbò sbvbi ob`g òumts tjrfucj ` lfkkuiaty

lfkprbjbisafi tbst fg ` vaobft`pbo saci trìsm`tafi fg Cfo L`mms Kfsbs4

Bxfous . Sylmabs J`rry J`rk (ai cr`y sjart, hbjaio ^ùm) mffes fi,

cr`taffbo tf sbb tj`t tjb Hahmb trìsm`tafi ìo lfisumtìt tràiaic jb ìo

jas wagb Cbra c`vb tf OFFX as hbaic usbo sf bbltavbmy ai tjas ffbmo.

Sb trài

tjbar pbfpmbai Hahmbtrìsm`tafi,ljble tjbrbsumtaictrìsm`tafiìo trài

sfkb fgtjbar pbfpmbtf hb UHahmbtrìsm`tafi[lfisumtìts.



13/36

^ùm as jbmpaic tf akpmbkbit fib fg

OFFXs k`dfr cmfh`m cf`ms4 tf cavb Ob`g

pbfpmb Cfos Sfro ai saci mìcu`cbs.

_b `cbily j`s hbcui ì aitbri`tafi`m

\lrapturb trìsm`tafi prfcr`k hy gflusaic

fi ` 00>-stfry sbt fg ljrfifmfcal`m Hahmb p`ss`cbs obvbmfpbo

ai tjrbb sbrabs. Garst, ` sbt fg gfuio`tafi`m stfrabs tf `ssast tjbOb`g ai uiobrstìoaic Cfos stfry. \blfio, ` sbt fg stfrabs tf

jbmp Ob`g hblfkb fhboabit gfmmfwbrs fg Ljrast. _aro, ` sbt fg

Ibw bst`kbit stfrabs tf tb`lj `hfut tjb Ljurlj, mbòbrsjap

ìo jfw Ljrastaìs aitbr`lt watj ftjbr Ljrastaìs ìo watj tjb

wfrmo. OFFX ljfsb tjb \lrapturb sbt watj ` Ob`g wfrmovabw ai

kaio. _b àk as tf prfvaob ` h`sal Hahmb uiobrstìoaic tj`t lì

mbò pbfpmb tf Ljrast ìo tjbi ailrb`sb tjbar uiobrstìoaic tf

tjb pfait wjbrb tjby lì pmìt ljurljbs.

f cài tjb iblbss`ry Hahmb trìsm`tafi bxpbrtasb, OFFX

turibo tf Sylmab ìo ats p`rtibr, \AM.

Bitbr J`rry ìo Cbra J`rk, ` 82-yb`r vbtbrì Sylmab

jushìo-ìo-wagb tb`k. _bar sbrvalb j`s ailmuobo ì aiata`m

`ssacikbit g`lamat`taic Hahmb trìsm`tafi watj tjb Ljflt`w

Aioaìs fg Kassassappa ìo pmbity fg suhsbqubit bxpbrabilb `s

Hahmb trìsm`tafi lfisumtìts. _b J`rks wbrb aivatbo hy OFFX

tf tb`lj Hahmb trìsm`tafi prailapmbs tf ats jb`raic st`. _bar 8>>7

wfresjfp ai _àmìo bkpj`sazbo tjb grbbofk trìsm`tfrs j`vb

tf ò`pt \lrapturbs sf tjby `rb kfrb i`tur`m ai saci mìcu`cb.

Hbgfrb, bxpmàis ^ùm, wb wbrb gfmmfwaic dust fib BicmasjUHahmb[ vbrsafi ìo ljìcaic tj`t aitf Ob`g saci mìcu`cb.

Sfreaic watj Sylmab fi trìsm`tafi, wb j`vb ` hbttbr uiobr-

stìoaic fr ` hbttbr w`y fg lfkkuial`taic watj Ob`g pbfpmb.

_by jbmpbo us tf tjaie, tf prflbss tjaics, ai ` w`y tj`t

kòb us rb`mazb yfu j`vb kfrb grbbofk. Qfu j`vb tf tjaie `hfut

yfurpbfpmbjfw wamm tjbyuiobrstìo6 _by jbmpbo us kèb

tjb trìsm`tafi fg stfrabs kfrb

lmb`r ìo uiobrstìo`hmb.

Hblùsb \AM @gral` as stamm

huamoaic up ats saci mìcu`cb

tb`k at `sebo J`rry, \AM @sa`

@rb` sacibo mìcu`cbs lffroai`-

Kfrb Fi _jb Sbh4Dak Ofwsbtt, \AM @gral`

saci mìcu`cb lffroai`tfr, t`mes `hfut

tjb kìy qubstafis tj`t jìc fvbr Hahmb

trìsm`tafi gfr tjb Ob`g fi tjb lfitaibit,

`t =www.wylmab.l`/wfro`mavb9.

Or`waicfi SylmabBxpbrtasb


14/36

sljffm, tf sjfw ` vaobf fg Cfo L`mms Kfsbs4 Bxfous .

^ùm mbo tjb tb`k cbttaic aisacjtgum gbboh`le grfk sbvbi Ob`g

wjf aitbitmy w`tljbo tjb sacibo \lrapturbs. @ vaobf l`kbr` w`

usbo tf tèb iftbs, `s at wbrb, fg tjb tbst crfups sacibo rb`ltafi.

J`rry w`s tjbrb tff, kfstmy stìoaic fi tjb saobmaibs, fhsbrv

aic ìo kèaic jaksbmg `vàm`hmb `s ` rbsfurlb pbrsfi.

Ky rfmb as tf hb `s pbrapjbr`m `s pfssahmb, bxpmàibo J`rry, `tjb h`le fg ` sljffmrffk. Ak sfrt fg maeb tjb magb aisurìlb yfu

ibvbr j`vb tf usb.

_b twf jfurs fg tbstaic rbvb`mbo tj`t sfkb fg tjb Ob`g wbrb

uilbrtài `hfut sbvbr`m eby lfilbpts ìo sacis. Maeb Hahmb trìs

m`tfrs wfreaic ai spfebi mìcu`cbs, tjb Ob`g tb`k kust l`rb-

gummy lfisaobr tjb aiput gfr ats ibxt or` fi vaobf.

Obspatb tjb lj`mmbicbs fg trìsm`tafi, tjb @gralì

tb`ks prbss `jbò, hufybo up hy Ob`g Ljrastaìs

b`cbribss gfr Cfos Sfro ai tjbar jb`rt mìcu`cb.

Fib fg tjbk as ^`trale Ljì`ra, wjf w`s ` kbkhb

fg tjb lfkkuiaty tbst crfup ^ùm mbo.

^`trale as ` yfuic Ob`g mbòbr sbrvaic ` lficrbc tafi fg 2>Ob`g. Jb s`ys at as ` struccmb gfr Ob`g pbfpmb tf lfkb tf gàtj

ìo crfw `s oaslapmbs.

\fkb `rb uiboul`tbo, sf at as vbry j`ro gfr tjbk tf mb`ri,

jb bxpmàis, saciaic tjrfucj ì aitbrprbtbr. Kìy Ob`g pbfpmb

ofit eifw bx`ltmy wj`t tjb Hahmb s`ys. At tèbs ` mfic takb gfr

tfr, tf sbrvb OFFX fi tjb lfitaibit ai sbvbr`m `spblts.

Sb trài tjbar pbfpmb ai Hahmb trìsm`tafi, bxpmàis J`rry,

ljble tjb rbsumtaic trìsm`tafi ìo trài sfkb fg tjbar pbfpmb tf

hb UHahmb trìsm`tafi[ lfisumtìts.

Hahmb trìsm`tafi lfisumtìts `rb lrula`m tf tjb prflbss. _by

rbvabw trìsm`tafis, ljbleaic gfr `llur`ly, lm`raty ìo i`tur`m-

ibss, mffeaic gfr fkassafis, bxtrìbfus tjfucjts fr pfssahmbkaslfilbptafis.

@s ` trìsm`tafi lfisumtìt ai tràiaic gfr OFFX, ^ùm as `

hbibffla`ry fg tjas eifwmbocb trìsgbr grfk \AM.

_as p`st @ucust ìo \bptbkhbr, J`rry l`kb

tf OFFXs Iàrfha lbitrb tf wfre watj sbv-

br`m lfisumtìts-ai-tr aiaic. @s wbmm, jb dfaibo

tjbk fi traps tf tjb @gralì jfkbmìos fg sbvbr`m trìsm`tafi

tb`ks, wjbrb tjby tbstbo or` trìsm`tafis ai tjbar p`rtalum`r

saci mìcu`cbs `kfic Ob`g lfkkuiatabs.

@msf `t tjb tràiaic lbitrb wbrb 02 Ob`g @gralìs fi gfur

tb`ks. _by `rb ofaic Hahmb trìsm`tafi ai tjbar saci mìcu`cbs

grfk Ebiy`, ìzìa`, Rcìo` ìo Cjì`. Hbsaobs cbttaicaistrultafi, tjby usb tjb lbitrbs g`lamatabs ìo bquapkbit tf

prbp`rb stfryhf`ros, vaobft`pb sacibo \lrapturb trìsm`tafis io

boat tjbk, òoaic suppfrtaic k`ps, pjftfs ìo cr`pjals.

Fi fib lfkkuiaty lfkprbjbisafi tbst trap, tjb Ebiy` \aci

Mìcu`cb tb`k orfvb sbvbr`m jfurs b`st fg Iàrfha tf ` Ob`g

Ob`g Hahmb trìsm`tfrs sbrvaic watj OFFX ai @gral`, maeb tjbsb aitbr`ltaic ai

` wfresjfp lm`ssrffk, `rb wfreaic ai tjb oastailt saci mìcu`cbs fg Ebiy`,

Btjafpa`, Huruioa, Cjì`, _ìzìa` io Rcìo`. _jby lfkb grfk oavbrsbh`lecrfuios, sulj s tàmfrs, l`rpbitbrs, bvìcbmasts, rtasts io tjb dfhmbss.

Cffo,Cffo,Cffo

MaebMagbAisurìlb


15/36

byfio tjb lj`mmbicbs fg `ltu`m trìsm`tafi

aci mìcu`cb, tjbrb as bvbi kfrb gfui-

afi`m wfre tj`t as stamm ibbobo4 prfvaoaic

brbilb k`tbra`m gfr Ob`g trìsm`tfrs.

bòaic tj`t bfrt as \tu`rt _jabssbi (`t

jt), `

hbmabvbrs b`lj ai Ebiy`, watj ats bstak`tbo lfrb Ob`g pfpum`-

tafi fg 888,>>>. _b lfrb Ob`g `rb tjfsb wjf wbrb hfri ob`g,

hbl`kb ob`g prb-maicu`mmy, fr `rb ob`g ìo ifi-matbr`tb. _by wamm

ibvbr rbò ` Hahmb, jb`r ` sbrkfi, mastbi tf ` cfspbm rblfroaic,

tuib ai tf ` Ljrastaì ròaf fr tbmbvasafi st`tafi, fr w`tlj ìo

uiobrstìo tjbDB\R\ffmk.Rimaeb ^`trale Lj`ri`ras lficrbc`tafi, kìy Ob`g ljurljbs

`rb ai m`rcbr urhì `rb`s wjbrb tjb Ob`g tbio tf lficrbc`tb tf

hb watj tjbar fwi (sbb saobh`r, pc. 00).

Kulj wfre ìo kìy lj`mmbicbs stamm kust

hb t`lembo hbgfrb tjb Ob`g Ljurlj lfkku-

iaty crfws tf saz`hmb iukhbrs `mm fvbr @gral`,

bquappbo watj saci mìcu`cb \lrapturbs.

^ùm s`ys OFFX as pmb`sbo tf hb wfreaic watj Ob`g Hahmb

trìsm`tafi tb`k kbkhbrs grfk saxi`tafis fi tjb lfitaibit

(Ebiy`, Btjafpa`, Huruioa, Cjì`, ìzìa` ìo Rcìo`). _by

ailmuob tàmfrs, l`rpbitbrs, bvìcbmasts, `rtasts, ìo tjb dfhmbss, `mm

watj `t mb`st ` prak`ry sljffm boul`tafi. OFFX lì p`y fimysk`mm stapbios tf tjbk.

^`trale Ljì`ra, ` yfuic Ob`g

mbòbr sbrvaic 2> Ob`g ai `

Ebiyì lficrbc`tafi, as ebbi

tf sbb Hahmb stfrabs ffiasjbo ai

Ebiyì \aci Mìcu`cb. Ob`g

Ljrastaìs j`vb slìt rbsfurlbs

gfr bvìcbmask io oaslapmbsjap.

Lj`mmbicbs@jbò

BB^ _jaieaic

Sb `rb stfrytbmmbrs.Hut wjbrb lì wb cbttjb stfrabs6 ^bfpmb `rbaitbrbstbo ai mb`riaic tjbUHahmb[ stfrabs, hutwb ofit j`vb ìyrbsfurlbs racjt ifw.


16/36

\fkbtakbs, ats j`ro gfr us tf ffio tjb racjt pbfpmb ìo wb

prbgbr pbfpmb wjf ofit j`vb ìy dfhs sf tjby lì lfkb ìo

lfilbitr`tb fi tjas, jb bxpmàis.

A lì sbb tjb bxlatbkbit ai tjbar mavbs, ^ùm òos.

_b prfhmbk `rasbs `br tràiaic wjbi tjby cf h`le jfkb,

wjbrb OFFX wìts tjbk tf of Hahmb trìsm`tafi.

\fkbtakbs tjbar g`kamabs wìt tjbk tf wfre. \f tjby `rb

stule, hblùsb tjby j`vb tf b`ri sfkb kfiby tf suppfrt tjbg`kamy, òos ^ùm. At as @gral`. @gralì magb as vbry j`ro.

@s OFFX `llbmbr`tbs ats bfrts ai Hahmb trìsm`tafi ai @gral`

at kust bxpìo ats tràiaic. _b `cbily, watj tjb bxpbrtasb fg `

Sylmab @ssfla`tbs lfistrultafi tb`k, as huamoaic ` ibw lbi-

trb fi 0> `lrbs fg cr`zaic mìo at hfucjt grfk ` K``sà ljabg

futsaob fg Iàrfha. ^mìs `rb tf ailmuob tjrbb vaobf stuoafs ìo

bacjt boataic st`tafis5 ` sbkalarlmb-sj`pbo lm`ssrffk huamt bspb-

la`mmy gfr Ob`g aitbr`ltafi5 jfusaic gfr st` ìo ?2 stuobits5 ìo

pbrj`ps ` g`rk prfdblt gfr Iàrfhas Ob`g.

Sylmab pbrsfiibm, p`rtibraic watj OFFX ai Hahmb trìsm`-

tafi `s at sprbòs tjrfucjfut @gral`, wamm hb grbqubit vasatfrs `t

tjb ibw g`lamaty.

@s ^ùm survbys tjb fvbr`mm crfwtj fg tjb

wfre, jb sbbs Cfos uigfmoaic pmì gfr

@gral`s Ob`g ìo gfr OFFX.

Ai `mm fg @gral`, b`lj lfuitry ibbos ` saci mìcu`cb trìsm`tafi

Sb `rb jbmpaic b`lj lfuitry ai @gral` tf j`vb tjbar fwi Hahmb.

\f wb `rb p`rt fg at, jb s`ys watj jas lj`r`ltbrastal m`rcb

skamb. Sb `rb prfuo ìo wb `rb j`ppy!

èaic stfle fg tjb satu`tafi, yfu lìt jbmp hut `crbb tj`t

Cfo as `t wfre fi tjb lfitaibit. Gfr @gral`s Ob`g, `mm tjas `ltav-

aty as aiobbo ` takb fg tjb sacis.

Gbbmaic tjb rjytjk fg ` oruk tf ebbp takb, Ob`g Hahmb trìsm`tafi tb`k

kbkhbrs saci ìo oìlb `t oàmy wfrsjap takbs ouraic tjbar tràiaic ìo

wfre sbssafis `t tjb OFFX lbitrb ai Iàrfha. _jby `rb trustaic tj`t kìy

kfrb Ob`g wamm dfai Cfos g`kamy `s Jas Sfro cfbs gfrw`ro ai saci mìcu`cb.

\f wb`rb p`rtfg at.Sb `rbprfuoìowb `rbj`ppy!

@ ^mìRigfmoaic



17/36

OFFX `llbmbr`tbs ats Hahmb trìsm`tafi bfrts ai @gral`, at kust bxpìo ats tràiaic l`p`laty. ^ùm

tj` mbòs sacibo pr`ybr watj sbvbr`m OFFX lfmmb`cubs fi tjb satb fg ` guturb ibw tràiaic lbitrb

saob Iàrfha, Ebiy`, huamt watj tjb bxpbrtasb fg ` Sylmab @ssfla`tbs lfistrultafi tb`k. @s tjbytibr watj OFFX, Sylmab pbrsfiibm wamm lfitaiub tf hb grbqubit vasatfrs `t tjb ibw g`lamaty.


18/36

Oa`cifsas4 Kìy fg tjb wfrmos Ob`g `rb aisparatu`m amm jb`mtj. ^`rt fg tjb prbslraptafi4trìsm`tb Cfos Sfro aitf saci mìcu`cbs.

0: Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`


19/36

Sjbi yfu `se Cbfrby Juit w

Hahmb trìsm`tafi gfr tjb wfrm

as sf akpfrtìt, jb as quale tf

fut tjb g`lts.

_byrb tjb m`st pbfpmb tf jb`r ì

`hfut ìytjaic, ìo tj`t ailmuobs sp

tjaics, s`ys Juit, mbòbr fg tjb saci

cu`cb mbòbrsjap tb`k gfr \AM AitbriSylmabs p`rtibr frcìaz`tafi. Avb

tjbk obslrahbo `s tjb kfst uibvìc

crfup ai tjb wfrmo.

\òmy, jb s`ys, tjb cfspbm j`s hbbi

bkhr`lbo hy fimy `hfut twf pbr lbi

wfrmos 8> kammafi Ob`g (tjb tft`m pf

ffcurb Juit as lfkgfrt`hmb usaic, tjf

bstak`tbs v`ry waobmy). M`le fg `llbs

\lrapturbs as ` k`dfr rb`sfi gfr tjb s

amm jb`mtj `kfic tjb Ob`g.

Hut wjy lìt tjb Ob`g dust rbò tj

\lrapturbs ai tjb mìcu`cbs fg waobr

kuial`tafi fg tjbar lfuitry4 \pìasj\pài fr \w`jama ai Ebiy`, gfr bx`kp

Gfr fib tjaic, s`ys Juit, ats if

mìcu`cb, sf tjby `rb j`vaic tf usb `

mìcu`cb, ` gfrbaci mìcu`cb, rb`mmy, a

tf uiobrstìo at.

\blfiomy, tjb wfros `s tjby `rb w

usu`mmy rbprbsbit sfuios. _byvb ib

jb`ro tjbsb sfuios. _byvb ibvbr jb

tjbsb wfros usbo ai lfitbxt ìo sf at

mb`riaic ` sbt fg tbmbpjfib iukhbrs

lfilbpt. Xbòaic as vbry j`ro gfr tjb

Ob`g ljamorbi wjf lfkb tjrfucj

@kbralì sljffm systbk, gfr bx`kpm

`vbr`cb bio up watj ` Cròb ? rbòa

ai Bicmasj.

Ifw sfkb pbfpmb kèb at5 tjb hr

fibs kèb at. Hut tjb cfspbm w`s ibv

aitbiobo gfr dust tjb hrammaìt fibs, s

Juit. Ag yfu cf tf tjb Ibw bst`kb

Dbsus w`s fut ai tjb lfuitrysaob tb`l

tjb froai`ry pbfpmb.

_uriaic @i B`r _f _jb Ob`gJuit ìo jas wagb Xfsbk`ry hbcì t

yb`rs fg sbrvalb ai 0130, `kfic tjb JUJRIC-`j[ fg ifrtjbri Cjì`. Ai 0

`br lmfsbmy wfreaic watj mfl`m pbfp

Jìc` Ibw bst`kbit w`s puhmasjbo

8>>tj aivfmvaic Sylmab ìo \AM.

Hbgfrb tjb \lrapturbs l`kb, tjbrb w

if ljurljbs fr Ljrastaìs `kfic tjb

>> tf ?,>>> Jìc` pbfpmb. fo`y,

satu`tafi as kulj oabrbit.

Juit, lurrbitmy mavaic ib`r tjb Sy

R.E. kài flb `t Jfrsmbys Crbbi a

_jb ljfar `t J`rvbst Kassafi Ob`g Ljurlj ai Iàrfha, Ebiy , usbs Ebiyì \aci Mìcu cb tf saic

` sfic gfr tjb lficrbc`tafi fg kfrb tjì :>. _jas vahrìt ljurlj, wjalj fpbr`tbs tft`mmy ai saci

mìcu`cb, as ` r`raty `kfic tjb wfrmos Ob`g. _jb cfspbm j`s hbbi bkhr`lbo hy fimy `hfut twf pbrlbit fg tjb Ob`g, ìo m`le fg \lrapturbs ai tjbar sacibo jb`rt mìcu`cbs as ` k`dfr rb`sfi wjy.


20/36

Bicmìo, pfaits tf Dfsa`j, ` Jìc` gbtasj prabst wjf

gfuio Dbsus `s Mfro ìo \`vafur ai tjb p`cbs fg Cfos

Sfro ai jas kftjbr tficub. fo`y jb as ` p`stfr, wìt-

aic tf huamo ` ljurlj tj`t wamm jfmo 2,>>> pbfpmb.

Sjbi A sbb wj`t tjb Mfro j`s ofib `kfic tjb

Jìc` ai Cjì` hblùsb tjby j`vb tjb \lrapturbs . . . ,

s`ys Juit, jas vfalb tràmaic f watj bkftafi.Juits pbrsfi`m eifwmbocb fg tjb Jìc` satu`tafi

ammustr`tbs tjb pftbita`m jb biva-

safis gfr tjb Sfro fg Cfo

`kfic tjb Ob`gagat w`s `vàm-

`hmb ai tjbar kftjbr tficubs,

tjbar saci mìcu`cbs.

Rigfrtui`tbmy, tjb Ob`g j`vb hbbi `kfic tjb m`st

pbfpmb tf hb lfisaobrbo gfr Hahmb trìsm`tafi. Ai g`lt,

wjamb Sylmab j`s wfrebo `kfic mìcu`cb crfups, maeb

tjb Jìc`, gfr kfrb tjì sbvbi oblòbs, at j`s fimy

kfrb rblbitmy gflusbo sfkb `ttbitafi fi saci mìcu`cbs.

Kìy Ob`g saci mìcu`cbs fimy obvbmfpbo watjai tjb

p`st sbvbr`m juiorbo yb`rs, s`ys Juit, `s ailrb`saiccrfups fg Ob`g lficrbc`tbo ai sulabit iukhbrs ai

urhì `rb`s. \aci mìcu`cbs obvbmfp wjbrb tjbrb as `

ibbo, ìo ag tjbrb as if bst`hmasjbo saci mìcu`cb tjbrb,

tjby wamm obvbmfp fib tf ffmm tjb v`luuk.

_bsb vasu`m, alfial gfrks fg lfkkuial`tafi `rb oas-

tailt grfk rbcafi tf rbcafi ìo lfuitry tf lfuitry.

Ai tjb m`tb 01tj lbitury, sfkb

sfla`m bicaibbrs ìo boul`tfrs

ai tjb Sbstbri wfrmo oblaobo

tj`t `mm Ob`g pbfpmb sjfumo hb

tùcjt tf map rbò ìo spbè tjb

surrfuioaic fr`m mìcu`cb tjby

ibvbr jb`ro, tf aitbcr`tb tjbk aitf tjb jb`raic wfrmo.At tffe `hfut ` juiorbo yb`rs gfr pbfpmb tf rb`mmy

ffio fut tj`t at rb`mmy ofbsit wfre, s`ys Juit. _bsb

eaios fg aitbcr`tafi bfrts j`vb jbmpbo lrb`tb tjb ìa-

kfsaty Ob`g pbfpmb fbi gbbm tfw`ros ofkai`tafi hy

tjb surrfuioaic jb`raic sflabty.

@ Hat Fg Jastfry

Sylmab pbrsfiibm j`vb hbbi aivfmvbo ai saci mìcu`cbwfre sailb tjb m`tb 01:>s, ailmuoaic b`rmy rbsb`rlj ìo

trìsm`tafi ai Kbxalf, \pài (sbb stfry, hbmfw) ìo tjbi

Lfmfkha . \t`rtaic ai tjb kao-1>s, ` saci mìcu`cb

bkpj`sas w`s òobo tf maicuastal ìo trìsm`tafi trài-

aic lfursbs rui hy \AM `t tjb Riavbrsaty fg Ifrtj Oèft`

(sbb saobh`r, hbmfw). \urvby fg saci mìcu`cbs j`s st`rtbo

ai tjb @kbral`s, Bur`sa` ìo @sa`. \AM j`s `msf hbcui

saci mìcu`cb-rbm`tbo wfre ai p`rtibrsjap watj OFFX

Aitbri`tafi`m (sbb stfry, pc. 7), \futjbri H`ptasts

Aitbri`tafi`m Kassafis Hf`ro ìo Riatbo Hahmb \flabtabs.

@hfut ` yb`r `cf, ` kfrb gfrk`m saci mìcu`cb mbò-

brsjap tb`k w`s lrb`tbo gfr Sylmab tf cavb lmb`rbr

oarbltafi tf ` r`kpbo-up saci mìcu`cb trìsm`tafibfrt, lurrbitmy aivfmvaic `hfut 2> Sylmab pbrsfi-

ibm wfrmowaob. Ailmuobo fi tjb mbòbrsjap tb`k as `

eby rbprbsbit`tavb grfk tjb Ob`g lfkkuiaty, \tu`rt

_abssbi fg OFFX Aitbri`tafi`m (sbb rbm`tbo stfry, pc.

02). Ailrb`sbo Ob`g pbrspbltavb as lrula`m tf tjb guturb

wfre, s`ys Juit. @s ì aitbri`tafi`m crfup, wb wìt tf

hb `hmb tf kèb str`tbcal oblasafis.

8@io Lfuitaicfo`y, saci mìcu`cbs j`vb ` crfwaic prfffmb ai Sylmab

bfrts tf sbb bvbry mìcu`cb rblbavb ` Hahmb trìsm`tafi

tj`t ibbos fib. Hut jfw kìy saci mìcu`cbs `rb tjbrb6

Fla`mmy, \AMs Btjifmfcubfg tjb wfrmos mìcu`cbs masts080 saci mìcu`cbs. Hut tj`t g`mms wbmm sjfrt fg wj`t tjb

saci mìcu`cb tb`k ìtalap`tbs wamm hb òobo

ai guturb boatafis `br kfrb rbsb`rlj.

Sbrb bxpbltaic quatb ` gbw kfrb, Juit

s`ys. Sb eifw fg

`hfut 8 `t tjb

kfkbit ìo wb `rb

bxpbltaic fvbr ?>> ai

tft`m.

Juit s`ys bvbry

i`tafi sbbks tf j`vb

ì `vbr`cb fg twf saci mìcu`cbsprfh`hmy `

lfisbrv`tavb iukhbr.

f lm`ragy tjb iukhbr fg saci mìcu`cbs,

pmbity fg mìcu`cb survby as ibbobo. \f g`r,

\AM j`s tjrbb survbyfrs ai tjb @kbral`s,

fib ai @gral` ìo twf ai @sa` (ailmuoaic `

Lìòaì, sbb pc. 88). @iftjbr fib as lfk-

aic fi hf`ro tf of survby ai tjb ^`laffl. \jb

as grfk \wbobi, tjb ffrst Ob`g kbkhbr ai

Sylmab.

Ftjbr Ob`g kbkhbrs `rb ai tjb `ppmal`-

tafi papbmaib prbp`raic tf dfai tjb tb`k

ai v`rafus saci mìcu`cb-rbm`tbo rfmbs. At as

Rcìoì \aci M`

_ìz iaì \aci M

Cjìàì \aci M`

\pìasj \aci Mì

L`t`mfiaì saci M(ifrtjb`st \pài

`lj sukkbr gfr 23 yb`rs, \AM j`s tràibo

mb trìsm`tfrs ìo mìcu`cb wfrebrs

fucj ats maicuastal lfursbs `t tjb Riavbrsaty

Ifrtj Oèft` (RIO). Hut sailb 8>>8, ` ibw

o fg lm`ss j`s hbbi `vàm`hmb.

jb uiaqub tb`ljaic as cb`rbo tf tjfsb

itaic tf trìsm`tb Cfos Sfro gfr tjb Ob`g.

ts ift surprasaic tj`t Sylmab kbkhbr

brt Halegfro sbt up tjb lfursbs. Ifw \AM-O oarbltfr, Halegfro j`s hbbi ì bitjusa`s-

òvfl`tb, `s wbmm `s ì òvasbr, ibtwfrebr

o rbsb`rljbr gfr saci mìcu`cb Hahmb trìs-

fi watjai Sylmab, sailb tjb kao-01:>s.

braic saci mìcu`cb-rbm`tbo tràiaic

s ì fhvafus stbp ai tjb pusj tf prfvaob

os Sfro tf tjb Ob`g, s`ys tjb 2?-yb`r-fmo

iibsft` i`tavb. Ai 8>>8, wb jò stuobits

k `rfuio tjb wfrmo wjf wbrb aivfmvbo

j 0> oabrbit saci mìcu`cbs.

jas p`st yb`r, gfur ob`g stuobits ìo bacjt

`raic stuobits prffflabit ai @kbralì \aci

icu`cb (@\M) `ttbiobo tjb lfursbs. @\M as

usbo ai lm`ssbs watj fr watjfut aitbrprbt`tafi

ai Bicmasj.

At as hbttbr ag ` lm`ss fr kbbtaic aivfmvaic

Ob`g pbfpmb lì hb lfioultbo bitarbmy ai

saci, jb bxpmàis. _j`t `mmfws bvbryfib tf

p`rtalap`tb gummy ìo ifrk`mmy.

@t mb`st 0> \AM-RIO stuobits `rb ifw sbrv-

aic ai saci mìcu`cb wfre fi tjb ffbmo, watj

ìftjbr ffvb-0> stamm prbp`raic tf cf.Halegfros vasafi as tf sbb tjb iukhbr fg ob`g

stuobits crfw. _jb lurralumuk `msf ibbos gur-

tjbr ffib-tuiaic tf kbbt tjb obvbmfpaic ffbmo

ibbos, jb s`ys.

Ak dust j`ppy ìo cr`tbgum, Halegfro òos,

tf j`vb jò tjb fppfrtuiaty tf sbb tjas fib

p`rt fg wj`t Cfo as ofaic tf hraic Jas Sfro tf

Ob`g pbfpmb `rfuio tjb wfrmo.

Kfrb fi tjb Sbh4Gfr obtàms `hfut \AM-RIOsacibo mìcu`cb lfursbs, vasat =ww w.uio.bou/obpt/maicuastals/l`t`mfc.jtk9 & lmale

\acibo mìcu`cbs.

Kfrb Fi _jb Sbh4_f sbb `

mast fg fla`mmy rblfciazbo saci

mìcu`cbs ai tjb Btjifmfcub,

vasat =www.btjifmfcub.lfk9,

lmale Mìcu`cb G`kamy & tjbi

Ob`g saci mìcu`cb.

Ifw sfkb Uob`g[ pbfpmb kèbat5 tjb hrammaìt fibs kèb at. Huttjb cfspbm w`s ibvbr aitbiobogfr dust tjb hrammaìt fibs.

\aci mìcu`cbs obvbmfp wjbrbtjbrb as ` ibbo, ìo ag tjbrb asif bst`hmasjbo saci mìcu`cbtjbrb, tjby wamm obvbmfp fib tfffmm tjb v`luuk.

Ibw Eaio fg Lm`ss


21/3680Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`

fkkfi kaslfilbptafi kfic jb`raic pbfpmb as tj`t tjb

s Ob`g usb fib, uiavbrs`m saci mìcu`cb. Ai g`lt, tjbrb `rb maebmy

?>> saci mìcu`cbs cmfh`mmy. Sfro @mavbpjftfcr`pjbr @mì

Jffo tffe tjbsb kumtapmb gr`kbs fg pbfpmb `s tjby sacibo tjb pjr`sb

Cfos Sfro as pfwbrgum! ai ffvb saci mìcu`cbs. _jb oabrbilbs grfk

lfuitry tf lfuitry, ìo bvbi watjai lfuitrabs, `rb quatb `pp`rbit.


22/36

@t 3? yb`rs fg `cb, kìy pbfpmb wfumo hb bidfyaic rbtarb-

bit. Ift Jfpb \katj.* \jb as stamm kèaic ` lfitrahutafiHahmb trìsm`tafi `s tjb fimy Lìòaì sbrvaic ai saci mì-

`cb-rbm`tbo wfre watj \AM, Sylmabs p`rtibr frcìaz`tafi.

A j`vb bidfybo ky wfre, ìo tjb Mfro j`s cavbi kb cffo

`mtj, sf A sbb if ibbo tf lut h`le ybt! s`ys Jfpb, wjf

bvafusmy spbit yb`rs ai ` \lrapturb trìsm`tafi prfdblt gfr

futjb`st @sa` mìcu`cb crfup fg 02,>>>.

i tjb p`st 0> yb`rs, Jfpb j`s hbbi ofaic mìcu`cb survby

b`rlj gfr Ob`g sacibo mìcu`cbs ai @sa`, ` lrula`m stbp ai

tbrkaiaic Hahmb trìsm`tafi ibbos.

Jfpb, wjfsb oò w`s ì aitbrprbtbr, j`s hbbi aitbrbstbo

saci mìcu`cb sailb sjb w`s ` ljamo. Sjamb sbrvaic ai @sa`

0118, Jfpb tffe @kbralì \aci Mìcu`cb lm`ssbs dust gfr

i. \jb obvbmfpbo sfkb ubily ai tjb mìcu`cb tjrfucj

gurtjbr aistrultafi wjamb pbrafoal`mmy h`le ai Lìò`.

\AM lfmmb`cubs ai @sa` `sebo Jfpb tf of rbsb`rlj ai sbv-br`m lfuitrabs. \jb w`s suhsbqubitmy `ssacibo tf lfioult

mìcu`cb survbys gfr tjb @sa` `rb`. Jfpb j`s survbybo saci

mìcu`cbs ai iaib lfuitrabs ìo sf g`r fib fg tjbk j`s `

trìsm`tafi prfdblt uiobrw`y.

\urvby hbcais hy cbttaic `s kìy Ob`g lfit`lts `s pfssahmb

grfk ` lfuitrys Ob`g `ssfla`tafi fr Ob`g sljffms, usu`mmy

ai tjb l`pat`m laty. Satj jbmp grfk ` sacibr fg tjb mìcu`cb,

Jfpb vaobft`pbs sbvbr`m Ob`g aioavaou`ms saciaic 8?> atbks

grfk ` mast. _jbsb sacis grfk sbvbr`m aioavaou`ms ai ` prfvailb

fr st`tb `rb lfkp`rbo tf tjb sacis gfuio ai ftjbr prfvailbs fr

st`tbs ai tjb s`kb lfuitry tf sbb wjbtjbr fib fr kfrb saci

mìcu`cbs `rb usbo tjbrb.

Ofaic saci mìcu`cb survby `kfic tjb Ob`g j`s ift hbbi

b`sy. Jfpb j`s lmakhbo kfuitàis tf rb`lj asfm`tbo

Ob`g, bxpbrabilbo jypftjbrka`, ìo tèbi ofzbis fgacjts ai dust fib lfuitry tf c`tjbr o`t`. \jbs `msf b

bilbo lumturb sjfle aitbr`ltaic watj tjb Ob`g.

@s sjb ffiasjbs up wrataic jbr kfst rblbit survby r

Jfpb as ift surb wj`t jbr ibxt `ssacikbit wamm hb. H

surb fg tjb ibbo gfr \lr apturbs gfr @sa`s Ob`g lfkku

tjby lì uiobrstìo Cfos trutj.

Ai fib lfuitry tj`t A vasatbo, sjb s`ys, tjbrb wbrb

tf hb `hfut fib kammafi hbmabvbrs, hut wb kbt fimy f

hbmabvbr ìo fib ftjbr O b`g wjf w`s aitbrbstbo. _j`

bxtrbkb l`sb, hut `mm fvbr @sa`, bxlbpt gfr tjb ^jamapp

satu`tafi as ift kulj hbttbr.

* psbuofiyk usbo gfr tjb suri`kb, oub tf sbisatavaty

\aci Mìcu`cb

_rìsm`tafi

gfr tjb Ob`g

Lfuitrabs wjbrb Hahmb fr Hahmb stfrytrìsm`tafi, fr prbp`r`tfry wfre,as uiobrw`y gfr saci mìcu`cb.

Lfuitrabs wjbrb ` sacimìcu`cb trìsm`tafi fg tjbIbw _bst`kbit as lfkpmbtbo.

\furlb4 K`re ^biibr, fi hbj`mg fg tjb Riatbo Hahmb \flabtabs\aci Mìcu`cb \tuoy Crfup.

Sb eifw fg `hfut 8 Usacimìcu`cbs[ `t tjb kfkbitìo wb `rb bxpbltaic fvbr?>> ai tft`m.

pbfpmb tj`t lì lffroai`tb sf tjb Ob`g `rb tjb mbòbrs fg tjb prf

blts hut tjb jb`raic pbfpmb `rb tjbrb tf suppfrt wj`t tjb Ob`g w

tf sbb j`ppbi.

_as wamm ailmuob prfvaoaic òkaiastr`tafi ìo cbttaic rbsfur

gfr saci mìcu`cb prfdblts, sulj `s4 guioaic, trìsm`tafi k`tbra`

tràiaic ìo trìsm`tafi lfisumtìts. At as bstak`tbo tj`t tjb wfrwaob bfrt wamm ibbo `t mb`st 2> Hahmb trìsm`tafi lfisumtìts tf s

laffl`mmy ljble wfre ofib ai saci mìcu`cb.


23/36

spfebi mìcu`cbsoràic, bxbcbtal`m wfre, lfkkuiaty tbst-

aic, ìo lfisumtìt ljblestjb gfrk`ts `rb oabrbit.

bxt ai trìsm`tafis gfr spfebi/wrattbi mìcu`cbs lì b`s-

amy hb ljìcbo fi ` lfkputbr slrbbi. Jfwbvbr, saci mìcu`cb

trìsm`tafis umtak`tbmy kust hb ofib fi vaobf, bxpmàis Juit.

Lfrrbltaic ìo boataic sulj ` prbsbi-t`tafi as takb lfisukaic ìo tbljia-

l`mmy oalumt.

Ai òoatafi, sfkb vaobft`pbo saci-

brs wjf prbsbit trìsm`tbo \lrapturbs

k`y ift hb `llbptbo hy `mm Ljrastaì Ob`g crfups (^rftbstìt vs.

L`tjfmal, gfr bx`kpmb). Ftjbr Ob`g sacibrs, mavaic ai lfuitrabs

watj sbisatavb pfmatal`m fr rbmacafus satu`tafis, of ift wìt tf hb

palturbo gfr gb`r fg subraic pbrsblutafi.

f ob`m watj tjbsb tbljial`m ìo sfla`m lj`mmbicbs, ` tb`k `t

D@@X\, Sylmabs tbljial`m `rk, j`s hbbi `sebo tf lrb`tb spbla`m

sfw`rb usbo watj aibxpbisavb bquapkbit (sbb rbm`tbo stfry,

pc. 8:). At wamm vasu`mmy l`pturb tjb kfvbkbits fg Ob`g pbrsfis

saciaic Hahmb trìsm`tafis ìo trìsgbr tjbk aitf


24/36

s tjb r`ys fg tjb m`tb `briffi sui l`st tjbar frìcb-

taitbo macjt fi ` ibacjhfurjffo p`re ai tjb laty fg

L`stbmm`r obm W`mms, ib`r H`rlbmfi`, mfl`m g`kamabs `rb

lbmbhr`taic ` o`y f. Jbrb, ai \pàis prfuo ifrtj-

b`stbri rbcafi fg L`t`mfia`, ats Gbst K`dfr, ` kao-

\bptbkhbr jfmao`y.

Satj Hb`tmbs kusal wàic tjrfucj tjb w`rk àr, eaos ìo

sfkb p`rbits `rb sl`maic lmakhaic w`mms, spaiiaic jffm`-jffps,

dukpaic fi ai`t`hmb àr tr`kpfmaibs ìo pm`yaic watj ì

`ssfrtkbit fg rbtrf wffobi t`hmbtfp c`kbs. Sylmabs \tbvbìo Oaìib ^`rejurst `rb jbrb tff, watj tjbar twf yfuic sfis,

\pbilbr ìo @mbx.

\trfmmaic `rfuio tjb `ltavatabs, tjb bmobr ^`rejursts lìt rbsast

tjb duccmaic `rb`. _by cr`h hfwmaic pais, tjrfwaic ìo l`tlj-

aic tjbk ai `sjaic, saob-mat rjytjkal larlmbs, sfkbtakbs watj

sbrafus, lfilbitr`taic g`lbs, sfkbtakbs watj caccmbs. \tbvb as

quatb cffo `t at5 Oaìib (`t racjt) as bvbi hbttbr, j`vaic mb`ribo

tf duccmb mfic `cf grfk ` gbmmfw stuobit stuoyaic maicuastals `t

tjb Riavbrsaty fg Ifrtj Oèft`.

_as gui fppfrtuiaty ib`r tjb Kboatbrrìbì lf`st prbtty kulj

sykhfmazbs wj`t tjb ^`rejursts of ai rb`m magb. \tbvb ìo Oaìib

`rb duccmaic aivfmvbkbit ai ift fib, hut twf saci mìcu`cb Hahmb

trìsm`tafi prfdblts ai tjas Burfpbì lfuitry4 \pìasj \aci

Mìcu`cb (M\B) ìo L`t`mfiaì \aci Mìcu`cb (M\L).

Ai g`lt, sailb `rravaic 0?yb`rs `cf, tjby j`vb duccmbo ` straic

fg ibw, bxpbrakbit`m `ltavatabs tj`t j`vb sbrvbo tf aigfrk

Sylmabs waobr saci mìcu`cb bfrts `rfuio tjb cmfhb.

Fur prfdblt as ` cuaib` pac prfdblt, s`ys \tbvb. Sb try

tjaics ìo ag tjby gàm, tjbi wb tbmm ftjbr pbfpmb wjy tjby gàmbo.

Satj `p`rtkbits tj`t j`vb if àr lfioatafi-

aic ìo ift ` mft fg bxtr` rffk tf wfre, tjb

M\L trìsm`tafi tb`k kbbts tjb ibxt kfriaic

ai ` kfst uimaebmy pm`lb4 sk`le ai tjb kaoomb fg tjb Jastra`

hffe sbltafi fg tjb lffm, sp`lafus L`stbmm`r ûhmal Mahr`ry. Hutsailb tjby aitbr`lt bitarbmy ai saci mìcu`cb, \tbvb, Bstrbmm` Ubs-

X@Q-y`[ L`k`ljf ìo Xut UXfft[ Xfmoi ofit j`vb tf wfrry

tj`t p`trfis wamm lfkpmài `hfut tjbk hbaic ifasy tf sjjjjj-

rbòy mahr`raìs.

\attaic ai grfit fg twf m`ptfps `t tjb lfribr fg ` t`hmb, tjb traf

as j`vaic ì ìak`tbo oaslussafi `hfut tjb trìsm`tafi Bstrbmm`

ìo Xut or`bo fg tjb Hffe fg Bstjbr. Hahmb tbxt ai \pìasj ffmms

tjb lfkputbr slrbbis wjamb hm`le, orfp-ofwi waiofws sjfw tjb

M\L trìsm`tafi ai \aciSrataic, ` systbk fg wrataic saci mìcu`c-

bs usaic vasu`m sykhfms tf rbprbsbit jìo sj`pbs, kfvbkbits

ìo g`la`m bxprbssafis.

@s Cfo mbòs, Sylmabs \tbvb ìo Oaìib ^`rejurst `rbduccmaic ift fib, hut twf, saci mìcu`cb prfdblts ai \pài.

\acis @mfic _jb S`y

@

Kfrb fi tjb Sbh4 _f mb`rikfrb `hfut \aciSrataic, vasat

=www.saciwrataic.frc9.

Rsaic tjas wrataic systbk ai tjbsb prfdblts cfbs h`le tf wjbi

\tbvb ìo Oaìib hbcì ofaic mìcu`cb survby ai \pài. _b

rbsb`rlj umtak`tbmy obtbrkaibo tj`t tjbrb `rb twf saci mìcu`cb

ai tjb lfuitry tj`t ibbo \lrapturbs4 M\B, usbo hy ì bstak`tbo

27,>>>, ìo M\L, usbo hy 8?,>>>.

\tbvb ìo Oaìib, grfk \b`ttmb, S`sjaictfi, ìo \jbmhy,

Ifrtj L`rfmai`, rbspbltavbmy, wbrb rboarbltbo tf \pài `br

kbbtaic b`lj ftjbr ai tjb Kbxalì \aci Mìcu`cb prfdblt ai

0118 ìo m`tbr k`rryaic. _bar b`rmy wfre ai \pài aivfmvbo

vasataic iukbrfus Ob`g lmuhs tf c`tjbr sacis gfr ` 8>>-atbkwfro mast. _by rblfrobo tjbk fi p`pbr usaic \aciSrataic. _b

^`rejursts gfuio mattmb aiata`m aitbrbst `kfic tjb Ob`g tf jbmp

tjbk watj Hahmb trìsm`tafi, hut pmbity fg g`slai`tafi watj mb`ri

aic tjb wrataic systbk tj`t tjb Ob`g sào mffebo maeb Ljaibsb f

Bcyptaì jabrfcmypjals fr sfkbtjaic.

Bvbitu`mmy tjb ^`rejursts wbrb `sebo hy tjb

\pìasj Ob`g Gbobr`tafi tf obvbmfp ` lurralu-

muk ìo tb`lj \aciSrataic, sbbi `s usbgum gfr

tràiaic saci mìcu`cb aitbrprbtbrs ìo ftjbrs. _b lfupmb spbit

sbvbi yb`rs gflusbo fi tb`ljaic tjb wrataic systbk tf `hfut >

Ob`g ìo jb`raic pbfpmb. _bsb stuobits lfumo rbò tjb tbxt gàrmy

wbmm `br jfurs fg lm`ss takb.

Hut tjb ^`rejursts bvbitu`mmy mb`ribo `hfut sfkb fg tjb

fhst`lmbs tf waobsprbò usb fg \aciSrataic `kfic tjb Ob`g. Ai

\pài, tjb Ob`g oao ift cài bifucj ubily ai tjb systbk tf

gbbm lfkgfrt`hmb wrataic at. \aciSrataic as `msf oalumt tf of

fi lfkputbrs hblùsb at as makatbo ai usb tf fmobr sfw`rb fr

wbh-h`sbo tbljifmfcy. _brb `rb sfkb

jìc-ups `hfut jfw gfrbaci tjb syk-

hfm-h`sbo wrataic `ppb`rs lfkp`rbo tf

tjb Xfkì `mpj`hbt. \aciSrataic as `msf

sbbi hy sfkb Ob`g `s pfmatal`mmy ailfrrblt5 ì `ttbkpt tf pusj `

jb`raic lumturbs jacj v`mub fg wrataic ` mìcu`cb fitf tjb Ob`g

fr`m lumturb.Ats wfrebo vbry wbmm gfr us, òos \tbvb. Sbrb tjb fimy

tb`k tj`ts usbo at, tjfucj. Cbibr`mmy, ftjbr saci mìcu`cb Hahmb

trìsm`tafi prfdblts `rb ifi-wrattbi grfk tjb futsbt, usaic vaobf

pjftfs fr maib or`waics.

Mavaic ai Kòrao, tjb ^`rejurstslfitaiubo tf sbbe

w`ys tf eale st`rt Hahmb trìsm`tafi. Xblfciazaic tjb

ibbo tf wfre watj tjb L`tjfmal Ljurlj ai sulj `

L`tjfmal lfuitry `s \pài, tjb ^`rejursts obvbmfpbo

b`rmy lfit`lts watj eby pbfpmb ai tjb Ljurlj. Fib fg tjfsb pbf-

pmb w`s Dfsb Aci`laf Hfi`l`s` (I`ljf) ai Kòrao.

8? Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`

\aciwrataicLm`ssbs

HffeasjSfrepm`lb

_jbI`ljfG`ltfr


25/36


26/36

Fur prfdblt as ` cuaib` pac

prfdblt. Sb try tjaics ìo ag

tjby gàm, tjbi wb tbmm ftjbr

pbfpmb wjy tjby gàmbo.


Sylmabs \tbvb `rejurst (racjt) io Hahmb trìsm`tfrs, Xut Xfmoi (mbgt) io Bstrbmm`

L`k`ljf (kaoomb), rbvabw sfkb sacis gfr ` trìsm`tafi fg tjb Hffe fg Bstjbr tj`t

tjb twf sastbrs-ai-m`w or`gtbo aitf L`t`mfiaì \aci Mìcu`cb. _jbmìcu`cb as usbo hy 8?,>>> Ob`g ai ifrtjb`st \pài.

Dfsb Aci`laf Hfi`l`s` (I`ljf) j`s

p`ssafi gfr trìsm`taic tjb \lrapturbs

aitf \pìasj \aci Mìcu`cb, usbo hy

`hfut 27,>>> Ob`g ai \pài. H`sbo ai

Kòrao, I`ljf j`s wfrebo bxtbisavbmy

watj tjb ^`rejursts gfr jas gbmmfw Ob`g.


27/36

I`ljf jò sfkb qubstafis gfr tjb ^`rejursts `t ` m`rcb kbbt-

aic tjby `ttbiobo ai 8>>< fg L`tjfmal Ob`g kaiastry mbòbrs.

Jb sào, rbl`mms \tbvb, Lì wb trìsm`tb tjb Hahmb6 As tj`t

sfkbtjaic tj`ts of`hmb6 Lì yfu jbmp us watj tj`t6

Hfri ai Kòrao aitf ` g`kamy jbòbo hy ` kamat`ry pfmalbkì,

I`ljf mfst jas jb`raic `t `cb twf ìo w`s sbit hy jas p`rbits tf

spbio kfst fg jas magb `t rbsaobita`m Ob`g sljffms. ^rav`tbmy ruihut strficmy L`tjfmal, fib fg tjb sljffms prfvaobo \`turo`y Hahmb

lm`ssbs tj`t aistammbo sfkb akpfrtìt trutjs ai yfuic I`ljf.

Sjbi A w`s yfuic, tjby wfumo dust rb`mmy lfkb ofwi j`ro

fi kb ìo try tf tb`lj kb tjaics, ìo A w`sit p`yaic `ttbitafi,

jb bxpmàis tjrfucj \tbvb `s ì aitbrprbtbr. Sjbi A cft fmobr,

oabrbit tjaics tj`t A jò mb`ribo ai tjb Hahmb stule watj kb

ìo A rb`mazbo tjb akpfrtìlb fg tjb stu tj`t tjby tùcjt kb.

@br `ttbioaic ` Ob`g vfl`tafi`m sljffm, I`ljf wbit fi tf

wfre `s ì `rljatbltur`m or`skì gfr ` lfkpìy ai Kòrao,

` pfsatafi jbs jbmo gfr yb`rs. _fucj tjaics j`vb akprfvbo

gfr tjb Ob`g ai \pài, I`ljf s`ys tjby stamm subr oaslrakai`tafi

grfk tjb cbibr`m pfpum`tafi, cbibr`mmy h`sbo fi acifrìlb.

Acifrìlb `msf pm`cubs tjb Ob`g, s`ys tjb 2>-yb`r-fmo obbpmylfkkattbo L`tjfmal. _b k`dfraty fg tjb Ob`g ofit rbò wbmm.

_bar aobitaty as ift ai tjb spfebi mìcu`cb, sf tjby ofit rbò

tjb Hahmb. _b k`dfraty fg tjb Ob`g ofit j`vb ìy lmub `hfut

obbp rbmacafus stu.

Sjbi at w`s prfpfsbo tj`t I`ljf wfre watj \tbvb fi Hahmb

trìsm`tafi ai M\B, jb jò sfkb aiata`m sblfio tjfucjts.

Grfk tjb hbcaiiaic, A tjfucjt Ffffjtj`ts ` lrfss gfr kb

tf hb`r. Ak ift vbry sk`rt. Jfw `k A cfaic tf of tjas6

^mus wfreaic watj ` ^rftbstìt! dfebs I`ljf, watj jas obbp

mùcj ìo tb`saic bybs. Hut wb kbt tfcbtjbr ìo wb maebo b`lj

ftjbr. Mattmb hy mattmb, wb st`rtbo wfreaic tfcbtjbr. A oaoit eifw

wj`t tf of, hut UA sào[ Cfo, ats yfur wfre, sf A oao at.

I`ljf w`s `hmb tf cavb takb tf tjb prfdblt ai tjb `briffisb`lj o`y `br jas rbcum`r dfh.

f sbb jfw gb`sahmb Hahmb trìsm`tafi w`s, I`ljf

ìo tjb ^`rejursts `crbbo tf st`rt watj tjb

Ljrastk`s stfry. Hut at oaoit tèb mfic tf rb`m-

azb tj`t tjby ffrst ibbobo tf huamo ` vfl`hum`ry gfr rbmacafus

ìo Hahmb tbrks. Kìy fg tjfsb sacis j`vb g`mmbi fut fg rbcu-

m`r M\B usb fvbr takb. Aitbr`ltaic watj fmobr Ob`g pbfpmb ìo

ofaic ftjbr rbsb`rlj, tjby c`tjbrbo eby tbrks ai sacisulj `s

st`r tfwi gfr Hbtjmbjbkfi vaobf, ai pjftfcr`pjs ìo ai

\aciSrataic. At w`s ` gruatgum hut takb-lfisukaic dfh.

_brb w`s ` takb wjbi A put tfis ìo tfis fg takb aitf at5 A

cft sf tarbo, s`ys I`ljf. \fkbtakbs A wfrebo ` mft fi at ìo

tjbi A cft grustr`tbo ìo tarbo, ìo put at `saob gfr `wjamb.

_fucj Mueb 0-1, K`ttjbw 0-8 ìo ` gbw p`r`hmbs j`vb hbbi

trìsm`tbo, I`ljfs sbvbrb h`le prfhmbks ouraic tjb p`st gbw

yb`rs j`vb smfwbo tjb wfre.

Obspatb tjb sbth`les, I`ljf ìo \tbvb wbrb `hmb tf of ì M\B

trìsm`tafi fg tjb Ljrastk`s stfry, lumkai`taic ai rbmb`sb fg `

?7-kaiutb OWO ai 8>>3, bitatmbo Bm I`lakabitf ob Dbss bi m`

M\B (_b Hartj fg Dbsus ai \pìasj \aci Mìcu`cb).

_b OWO as ift ` vaobf fg ` mavb pbrsfi saciaic tjb \lrapturb

p`ss`cbs `hfut Ljrasts hartj. _b \pìasj Hahmb \flabty, tjb

puhmasjbr fg Hahmb k`tbra`ms ai \pàis saci mìcu`cbs, wìts

trìsm`tafis tf hb aitbrlfigbssafi`m, `llbpt`hmb tf hftj L`tjfmals

ìo ^rftbstìts. @s ` rbsumt, usaic ` sacibr grfk batjbr fg tjbsb

crfups wfumo makat ats usb ai tjb ftjbr crfup.

f saobstbp tjas prfhmbk ai tjb Ljrastk`s OWO, tjb

^`rejursts oblaobo tf try


28/36

_f o`tb, kfst saci mìcu`cb Hahmb trìsm`tafis j`vb hbbi

bsbitbo fi vaobf5 ` Ob`g sacibr as vaobf rblfrobo ìo tjb

bf ffmbs `rb kìu`mmy boatbo. _jas prflbss as grùcjt watjlumtabs. Waobfs lì hb bxpbisavb, takb-lfisukaic tf

fro ai kumtapmb sbssafis ìo oalumt tf boat, bspbla`mmy gfr

fftj ìo lfisastbit obmavbry. \acibrs `ppb`rìlbs k`y

ìcb fvbr takb, fr tjby k`y hblfkb ui`vàm`hmb gfr wfre

fi tjb prfdblt. _rìsm`tafis lì hb rbdbltbo oub tf ` sacibrs

`ppb`rìlb, obifkai`tafi fr m`le fg pbrsfi`m lrboahamaty. Ai

sfkb sbisatavb lfuitry satu`tafis, sacibrs of ift wìt tf hbaobitaffbo puhmalmy.

Ai macjt fg tjbsb lj`mmbicbs, Hahmb trìsm`tfrs ìo suppfrt

pbrsfiibm hbcì tf wrbstmb watj `mtbri`tavb kbtjfos tf

prbsbit tjb \lrapturbs ai sacibo mìcu`cbs. Fvbr 0> yb`rs

`cf, tjb lfilbpt fg >:, rbprbsbit`tavbs grfk D@@X\

(Sylmabs tbljial`m `rk), \AM Aitbri`tafi`m (Sylmabs

eby p`rtibr frcìaz`tafi), OFFX Aitbri`tafi`m (`

Ob`g kaiastry frcìaz`tafi), ìo ì ìak`tafi tffms

bxpbrt, kbt tfcbtjbr gfr ` twf-o`y pmìiaic sbs-

safi. _jb kbbtaic, `t tjb D@@X\ lbitrb ai S`xj`w,

Ifrtj L`rfmai`, w`s tjb mùiljaic pfait gfr wj`t j`shblfkb ` saciafflìt prfdblt, l`mmbo Sfro\aci.

^brsfiibm ai \amalfi W`mmby, Mfs @icbmbs, O`mm`s

ìo S`xj`w `rb ifw lfmm`hfr`taic fi tjb prfdblt,

obvbmfpaic tffms tj`t wamm bi`hmb mìcu`cb wfrebrs

tf lrb`tb pjftf-rb`m


29/36

\bvbr`m kfitjs `br o`taic O`vao, Bstrbmm` `llbptbo jas aiva-

t`tafi tf ljurlj.

@io Xut w`s aitbrprbtaic, s`ys Bstrbmm`. \jb w`sit prfgbs-

safi`m, sjb w`s eaio fg smfw, hut A w`tljbo jbr. Mattmb hy mattmb,

ai `hfut fib fr twf wbbes, A st`rtbo tf mastbi`hfut Dbsus ìo

Jas mfvb. Hbgfrb tj`t A dust oaoit j`vb ìy mfvb gfr ìyhfoy, ìy-

tjaic. A fpbibo up tf Jak ìo `llbptbo Dbsus.Hbgfrb A gfuio Cfo, magb w`s bkpty. A dust jò ` mft fg ibbos,

ìo UCfo[ w`s wj`t A ibbobo tf ffmm tj`t bkptaibss.

@br o`taic gfr gfur yb`rs, O`vao ìo Bstrbmm` wbrb k`rrabo.

_b ibw hraob w`s wbmlfkbo hy tjb suppfrtavb Xfmois, lfk-

pbis`taic gfr tjb stràibo rbm`tafisjap sjb jò watj jbr fwi

g`kamy.

@s gfr O`vao, jas kaiastry j`s crfwi. fo`y, tjb ek ifrtjwbst fg H`rlbmfi`.

Jb fbi usbs trìsm`tbo \lrapturb p`ss`cbs ai \aciSrataic `s

jas tbxt. _b Ob`g crfup j`s ats fwi \`turo`y bvbiaic sbrvalb ai

M\L ìo `msf dfais tjb \uio`y bvbiaic jb`raic ljurlj sbrvalb,

wjbrb sastbr Xut aitbrprbts ai saci.M`tb tjas p`st yb`r, O`vao ìo L`rmfs sfmo tjb twf g`kamy sjfb

rbpàr sjfps tjby rì ìo dfaibo tjb M\L trìsm`tafi tb`k tf

hbcai wfreaic ai saci mìcu`cb ìak tafi. _b hrftjbrs wamm usb

tjb ibw sfw`rb hbaic obvbmfpbo hy tjb Sfro\aci tb`k (sbb

saobh`r stfry, pc. 8:).

Sjbi A w`s ` eao, A usbo tf or`w `mmtjb takb, s`ys O`vao.

Kfrb fi tjb Sbh4 Xbò`hfut O`vaos twf kar`lmbs t

=www.wylmab.l`/wfro`mavb9.

uiobrstìo ìytjaic, bxpmàis O`vao.

@s Xut w`tljbo jbr hrftjbrs or`w l`rs ìo ffocbt, sjb rb`m-

azbo tj`t tjby wbrb stule ai ` sambit ljurlj wfrmo, lut f grfk

tjb trutj sj`rbo grfk tjb pumpat. \jb cròu`mmy mb`ribo saci

mìcu`cb tf aitbrprbt gfr jbr hrftjbrs `s hbst sjb lfumo. _`t

lfilbri wfumo bvbitu`mmy mbò Xut tf cbt tràiaic tf hblfkb `

lfkpbtbit saci mìcu`cb aitbrprbtbr._ìes m`rcbmy tf Xuts obtbrkaibo

bfrts `t saciaic, Cfo tfuljbo O`vaos

ìo L`rmfs jb`rts ìo tjby hbl`kb

hbmabvbrs. O`vao, jfwbvbr, w`bo hbtwbbi Ljrastaì ìo wfrmo-

my `bltafis gfr sfkb yb`rs. Jb ffi`mmy cft sbrafus `hfut sbrvaic

Cfo `br twf kar`lumfus bvbits4 hbaic jb`mbo, sf jb lfumo jb`r

gfr twf o`ys, ìo m`tbr hbaic rbslubo ai ` sluh` oavaic `llaobit.

Bvbitu`mmy, O`vao kbt Bstrbmm`, ` yfuic, `ttr`ltavb

hmfiob wfkì. Hfri ai H`rlbmfi`, Bstrbmm` w`s fib

fg twf ob`g carms ai ` fwbr-g`rkaic g`kamy fg sax.

Mavaic ai tjb `rb`, sjb jò spbit ` gbw yb`rs ai ` rbsaobita`m

Ob`g sljffm ìo tjbi ` jb`raic sljffm, watjfut aitbrprbtbrs.A lfumoit lfkkuial`tb. A gbmt vbry asfm`tbo, sjb rbl`mms. A

wfumo dust sat ìo ift uiobrstìo ìytjaic.

Bstrbmm` crbw tf hb vbry lmfsbo, bvbi watj jbr p`rbits, wjf

eibw if saci mìcu`cb. b`ljbrs succbstbo sjb dfai ` Ob`g gbo-

br`tafi crfup ai H`rlbmfi`. At w`s tjbrb tj`t sjb obvbmfpbo jbr

L`t`mfia` \aci Mìcu`cb `hamaty ìo hbcì tf hmfssfk `s ` pbrsfi.

81Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`

Dbsusìo JasMfvb

Bstrbmm` L`k`ljf kust guiltafi futsaob fg jbr prbgbrrbo Ob`g wfrmoai tjb surrfuioaic

jb`raic wfrmo ai wjalj sjb mavbs. _j`t ailmuobs ofaic brrìos maeb crflbry sjfppaic `t

tjb lfribr stfrb, usaic wj`tbvbr kftafis io jìo cbsturbs iblbss`ry tf lfkkuial tb

tf tjfsb wjf ofit eifw saci mìcu`cb.


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Ifw watj tjas fppfrtuiaty, k`yhb A lfumo usb sfkb fg tj`t `ha

aty ìo kax at watj ìak`tafi. A tjaie tj`t wfumo hb wfiobrgum!

@mkfst gfur yb`rs `cf, tjb ^`rejursts `sebo

Bstrbmm` tf lfisaobr ofaic M\L Hahmb trìsm`tafi

Bstrbmm` jò hbbi wfreaic `s ` jfspat`m lmbìbr

duccmaic tj`t dfh watj l`raic gfr jbr yfuic ljamo.

A tjfucjt `t ffrst tj`t Ao dust prbgbr tf lmbì, s`ys Bstrbmm`.

Ats dust b`sabr. rìsm`taic, ifA lìt of tj`t.

Bstrbmm` lfitr`ltbo kbiaicatas grfk wfreaic `t tjb jfspat`m,

ìo tffe 8 kfitjs tf rblfvbr. \jb ìo O`vao oblaobo sjbwfumoit rbturi tf jbr fmo wfre. ^r`ybrgummy, tjby lfisaobrbo tj

^`rejursts rbqubst `cài, watj sfkb bilfur`cbkbit grfk Xut.

Xut, ` wagb, kftjbr fg twf, ìo tràibo ljamol`rb wfrebr ìo

tb`ljbr, urcbo Bstrbmm` tf wfre fi tjb Hahmb trìsm`tafi prfdblt.

Xut s`w at `s ì fppfrtuiaty gfr jbr lmfsb sastbr-ai-m`w tf mb`ri

ibw wfros, obbpbi jbr uiobrstìoaic fg \lrapturb ìo crfw

sparatu`mmy. @iytjaic rbm`tbo tf tjb Hahmb ìo tjb Mfrocf gfr

at! sjb sào.

Bstrbmm` ffi`mmy `crbbo, `leifwmbocaic tjb obbp ibbo jbr gbm-

mfw Ob`g j`vb gfr uijaiobrbo `llbss tf Cfos Sfro.

Sfro @mavb \ukkbr 8>>1 wylmaggb.l`

\astbrs-ai-m`w

_b`k

A lfumoit lfkkuial`tb.A gbmt vbry asfm`tbo. A wfumo

dust sat ìo ift uiobrstìo

ìytjaic.

b Ob`g aobitagy kfst watj tjb lustfks, j`hats, tjfucjt p`ttbris,

ubs ìo mìcu`cb fg tjbar Ob`g wfrmo. O`vao Xfmoi (ai hbacb

rt) ìo jas wagb Bstrbmm` (bxtrbkb racjt) `rb if bxlbptafi. @s Ob`g

astaìs, tjby `rb b`cbr tf mbò tjbar Acmbsa` Bvìcmal`(Bvìcbmal`m

urlj) Ob`g jfkb Hahmb stuoy ìo sj`rb sfkb gbmmfwsjap `gtbrw`ros.


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Kb` Hahmb trìsm`tfr6 A ofit eifw! @ Hahmb

trìsm`tfr, if. Hut jbmpaic Bstrbmm`ybs.

Hblùsb Avb `mw`ys ofib tj`t. Avb `mw`ys

hbbi bxpmàiaic tjaics tf jbr grfk tjb Hahmb.

_by ofit uiobrstìo. Ats ift lmb`r, s`ys Bstrbmm`. _by

ibbo tf uiobrstìo at lmb`rmy, ìo gfr kb at as akpfrtìt. A maeb

trìsm`taic. Ats kèaic kb crfw.

_b ^`rejursts `msf lj`mmbicbo Xut tf dfai tjb Hahmb trìsm`-

tafi prfdblt.

Kb` Hahmb trìsm`tfr6 A ofit eifw! Xut rbl`mms tjaieaic.

@ Hahmb trìsm`tfr, if. Hut jbmpaic Bstrbmm`ybs. Hblùsb Avb`mw`ys ofib tj`t. Avb `mw`ys hbbi bxpmàiaic tjaics tf jbr

grfk tjb Hahmb.

@br sfkb aiata`m tràiaic grfk tjb ^`rejursts, Bstrbmm` ìo

Xut st`rtbo trìsm`taic, wfreaic tjrbb tf gfur jfurs ` o`y.

\tbvb jbmpbo us ` mft, ìo Oaìib tff, tf lfilbitr`tb fi wj`t

b`lj wfro kbìs ìo `mm tjb obtàms tj`t ` vbrsb spbès `hfut,

s`ys Xut, wjf as tjìegum tj`t jbr jushìo Bmfy sj`rbs l`raic

gfr tjb ljamorbi sf sjb lì of trìsm`tafi.

M`tb m`st yb`r tjb ^`rejursts kfvbo tf L`stbmm`r grfk Kòrao

tf wfre kfrb lmfsbmy watj Bstrbmm` ìo Xut, r`tjbr tjì dust

kèb pbrafoal vasats tf ljble tjbar trìsm`tafi.

Sb lfumo of tjb or` trìsm`tafi watjfut tjbk Uhbaic racjt

jbrb[, s`ys Xut, ` pbtatb -yb`r-fmo \jìa` wài mffe-`-maeb,hut tjb wfre as pbrgbltbo hbttbr ag tjbyrb jbrb.

_b ^`rejursts sbb tjb sastbrs-ai-m`w tb`k `s ` ca

grfk Cfo.

Bstrbmm` as ob`g sf sjb j`s tj`t uiobrstìoaic fg

wj`ts i`tur`m saci mìcu`cb, wj`ts cffo. \jb eifws tjb

mìcu`cb vbry wbmm, s`ys \tbvb. Xut eifws tjb mìcu`cb wbmm,

hut sjb `msf lì rbò tjb \pìasj Usfurlb \lrapturbs[ ` mft

hbttbr ìo uiobrstìo tjb kbìaic fg tjb tbxt.

B`lj fib òos ` mattmb sfkbtjaic, ìo tjby eaio fg hfuilb

f b`lj ftjbr.

\f g`r, tjb tb`k j`s wfrebo fi M\L trìsm`tafis fg tjb hffes

Gfr Sylmabs \tbvb ìo Oaìib ^`rejurst, kfvaic Hahmb trìsm`tafi gfrw`ro

ai \pàis saci mìcu`cbs j`s rbquarbo kèaic grabiosjaps io p`rtibrsjaps

`kfic hbmabvbrs watj ` sj`rbo p`ssafi gfr tjb Ob`g. G`tjbr Z`vabr ^`cs

(`hfvb), wjf jbòs up Ob`g kaiastry `t H`rlbmfi`s \ìt` _brbs` ob mAigìt

Dbss p`rasj, as ` strfic L`tjfmal òvfl tb gfr tjb Hahmb trìsm`tafi. (Hbmfw)

@kfic rftbstìt bvìcbmal`ms, tjb ^`rejursts (sb`tbo bxtrbkb mbgt) gfuio

suppfrt ìo oarblt aivfmvbkbit grfk Xut, jbr jushìo Bmfy (strapbo sjart),

ìo sastbr-ai-m`w Bstrbmm``mm p`rt fg tjb bxtbiobo Xfmoi g`kamy ib`rH`rlbmfi`.

B`rs tfJb`r6


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fg Bstjbr ìo Xutj ìo tjb Cfspbm fg K`re, `s wbmm `s sfkb

jbrf stfrabs (O`vao ìo Cfma`tj, Dfsju` ìo tjb w`mms fg

Dbraljf, Caobfi, Bmad`j).

_byrb ofaic crb`t. _b trìsm`tafi, Ak rb`mmy j`ppy watj at,

s`ys \tbvb, wjf hraics jas maicuastal ìo Hahmb bxpbrtasb tf tjb kax

_b tb`k l`rbgummy cr`ppmbs watj lfivbyaic tjb kbìaic

hbjaio \lrapturb. Ai sfkb l`sbs, ` matbr`m trìsm`tafi fg sfkbvbrsbs wfumo g`msbmy mb`vb tjb Ob`g gbbmaic bxlmuobo. Ai K`re, gf

bx`kpmb, Dbsus twalb tbmms pbfpmb tf jb`r Jak ag tjby j`vb b`rs

tf jb`r (?41 ìo ?48 g`kamabs

`ttbiobo rbmacafus sljffms tùcjt hy iuis, sf tjby j`vb ` hahmal`

eifwmbocb tj`t lì hbibfft tjb M\L Hahmb trìsm`tafi prfdblt.

Sb kust tèb òvìt`cb fg tjb g`lt tj`t tjby `rb stamm jbrb fi

tjas b`rtj, tf cavb us `mm tjbsb cffo tjaics hbgfrb tjby `rb tèbi

up tf jb`vbi, òos Z`vabr, wjf sacis ìo as ` strfic suppfrtbr

fg tjb M\L trìsm`tafi prfdblt.

Z`vabr j`s mbo jas k`ss sbrvalbs bitarbmy ai saci mìcu`cb gfr 0

yb`rs. @hfut 8> oabrbit L`tjfmal oaflbsbs ai \pài j`vb prabstsmaeb Z`vabr, wjfsb takb as oavaobo hbtwbbi tjb Ob`g ìo jb`raic

Z`vabr sbbs ` k`rebo oabrbilb hbtwbbi tjb jb`raic ìo Ob`

pbfpmb jb kaiastbrs tf ai tjb w`y tjby rbm`tb tf tjb tjaics fg Cfo

Ai jb`raic kbbtaics, tjby tbio tf ffmm tjbk up watj sfics ìo

watj `ltafis. \tìo up ìo sat ofwi ìo of tjas ìo of tj`t,

jb bxpmàis. Hut tjb Ob`g rb`mmy sbbk tf maeb tf hb quabt ìo

lfitbkpm`tb.

@ mft fg jb`raic pbfpmb s`y, A jb`r bvbrytjaic, Amm dust tèb ai

wj`t A wìt ìo acifrb wj`t A ofit wìt. Hut Ob`g pbfpmb j`vb

tjas rb`m juicbr gfr uiobrstìoaic at hblùsb tjbrb as sf kulj f

tjb wfrmo tj`t dust cfbs hy tjbk.

Ifurasjaic tj`t eaio fg juicbr wamm ebbp tjb ^`rejursts ìo

tjbar M\B ìo M\L Hahmb trìsm`tafi tb`ks husy gfr prfh`hmy `t

mb`st ìftjbr oblòb. _by `rb obtbrkaibo tf lfitaiub duccmaic

tjbar rbspfisahamatabs, eifwaic tj`t Cfo wamm rbvb`m kfrb sacis

`mfic tjb w`yìo k`yhb lj`mmbicb tjbk watj ` gbw kfrb

cuaib` pac prfdblts, `s wbmm.

>1 wylmaggb.l`

\tbvb `rejurst lfivbrsbs ai L`t`mfiaì \aci Mìcu`cb watj twf

p`rasjafibrs futsaob tjbar \ìt` _brbs` ob mAigìt Dbssl`tjbor`m ai

Fmo H`rlbmfi`. Ljbleaic or`gt saci mìcu`cb trìsm`tafi watj fmobr

Ob`g ljurljcfbrs as lrula`m hblùsb tjby j`vb ` obbp rbmacafus ìo

hahmal`m vfl`hum`ry ai saci.

@ mft fg jb`raic pbfpmb

s`y, A jb`r bvbrytjaic, Amm

dust tèb ai wj`t A wìt

ìo acifrb wj`t A ofit

wìt. Hut Ob`g pbfpmb

j`vb tjas rb`m juicbr

gfr uiobrstìoaic athblùsb tjbrb as sf kulj

fg tjb wfrmo tj`t dust

cfbs hy tjbk.

Juicbr tfRiobrstìo


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Xut Xfmoi aitbrprbts gfr tjb sk`mm, hut crfwaic iukhbr fg Ob`g hbmabvbrs

ai ` jb`raic sbrvalb `t Acmbsa` Bvìcmal`(Bvìcbmal`m Ljurlj) ai \`hòbmm, 8>

ek ifrtjwbst fg H`rlbmfi`. _jb hìibr jìcaic hbjaio jbr `ses, Of yfu

hbmabvb ai tjb \fi fg Cfo6 Gfr tjb v`st k`dfraty fg \pàis Ob`g tjb ìswbr

as if. Xut ìo ftjbrs hbmabvb prfvaoaic Cfos Sfro ai tjbar jb`rt saci mì-

cu`cb wamm cf ` mfic w`y ai ljìcaic tj`t ìswbr tf ybs gfr kìy Ob`g.


34/36

Xaic fg tjb Mfros^jftfcr`pj hy @mì Jffo

Hbyfio Sfros

Kbkhbrs fg tjb Ob`g lficrbc`tafi `t Acmbsa` Bvìcmal`(Bvìcbmal`m

Ljurlj) ib`r H`rlbmfi`, \pài, c`tjbr ai ` larlmb tf lfivbrsb ai saci

mìcu`cb `gtbr tjbar \uio`y `gtbriffi sbrvalb (sbb stfry, pc. 8?).

_jb Ob`g usu`mmy aobitagy kfrb watj ftjbr Ob`g tjì bvbi tjbar fwi

hafmfcal`m jb`raic g`kamy. Hut tjbsb 82- ob`g Ljrastaìs j`vb ì

bvbi tacjtbr hfiotjby `rb kbkhbrs fg tjb g`kamy fg Cfo, or`wi

tfcbtjbr ai Jas \parat.


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jas yb`r k`res tjb tbitj ìiavbrs`ry

fg Wasafi 8>82 (` l`mm tf `ltafi aiata-

`tbo hy Sylmab tf sbb ` Hahmb trìs-

m`tafi ai prfcrbss ai bvbry mìcu`cb

tj`t ibbos fib hy tjb yb`r 8>82). _b wfrmo

lbrtàimy mffes oabrbit tjì at oao 0> yb`rs `cf.

Bvbi sf, wb `rb l`mmbo tf gàtjgummy sbrvb Cfo ai

tjb kaost fg uilbrtàity.

Kìy pbfpmb, ag tjby eifw fg Sylmab Hahmb

rìsm`tfrs, eifw tjb Sylmab frcìaz`tafi ai

tjbar fwi lfuitry (sulj `s Sylmab Lìò`).

Fr, ag tjby eifw sfkbtjaic fg Sylmabs gfuiobr

L`kbrfi fwisbio, tjby k`y tjaie fg Sylmab`s i @kbralì sbioaic frcìaz`tafi. Jfwbvbr,

Sylmab Aitbri`tafi`m (SHA) j`s hblfkb ì

frcìaz`tafi lfkprasbo fg ?: kbkhbr io

81 p`rtibr frcìaz`tafis (ai @gral`, @sa`,

tjb ^`laffl, tjb @kbral`s, ìo Burfpb), hfuio

tfcbtjbr hy ` lfkkfi lfkkatkbit tf sbrvb ai

òvfl`ly ìo `ltafi tf sbb Cfos Sfro trìsm`tbo,

`llbssahmb ìo ai usb ai

bvbry mìcu`cb lfkkuiaty

tj`t stamm ibbos at.

Fur haccbst lj`mmbicb

as tf oaslbri jfw tf hbst

p`rtalap`tb ai tjb kassaf Oba

(tjb kassafi fg Cfo). @s

wb of sf, wb `rb `bltbo hy

eby cmfh`m lj`mmbicbs ìo

fppfrtuiatabs4

_b ljìcaic g`lb fg tjb Ljurlj wfrmowaob,

ailmuoaic ttatuobs, str`tbcabs io aivfmvb-

kbit ai kassafi hy pbfpmb fg `mm i`tafis. Grfk

Xfkìa` tf tjb ^jamappaibs, pbfpmb fg kfrb

i`tafis `rb hbcaiiaic tf p`rtalap`tb ai Hahmb

trìsm`tafi hbyfio tjbar sjfrbs.

_b crfwtj fg tjb Ljurlj ai @gral`, @sa`,

Lbitr`m ìo \futj @kbral`. @s tjb Ljrastaìgàtj as mfsaic ats wbmlfkb ai p`rts fg tjb Sbst, at

as ffioaic ibw jfkbs ai tjb Cmfh`m \futj wjbrb

10 pbr lbit fg ibw Ljrastaìs `rb gfuio0. Ibw

cmfh`m pmìs gfr kassafi `rb ifw aiata`tbo ìo mbo

hy Ljrastaìs fg tjb Cmfh`m \futj8. @s tjas fllurs

wb wìt tjbrb tf hb lfkpmbtb uiaty (Dfji 0348>:.

8 Ahao

< H Kybrs, S`meaic watj tjb ^ffr(0111), Frhas Hffes.

? www.kal`jibtwfre.frc/bi/aitbcr`m-kassafi

Eare Grìemai as bxblutavb oarbltfr fg Sylmab Aitbri`tafi`m.

Kassaf Obaai tjb Kaost fg RilbrtàityHy Eare Grìemai

M`st Sfro

>1 wylmaggb.l`

Sb obsarb tf sbb tjb Jfmy

\parat trìsgfrk tjb mavbs fg

tjfsb wb sbrvb ai r`paomy

ljìcaic bivarfikbits.


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Obmavbrtf4

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Word Alive Magazine - Summer 2009