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THREAT ASSESSMENT *4 ‘‘

Bladed Weapon Attacks on MilitaêJcrsonnjftEnr9pe‘ ..:t ;.;,• it...

1 Objective This assessment describes what is known about two recent bladed weapon attackson military personnel m France and the UK m the context of east ma1l-sca1e and lone actorattacks, particularly those targeting military personnel. The as s&méfitlsdeyalüates theihreatto Canadian military personnel

CJ•

• The attacks in the UK and France appear tohave targeted military personnel in publicareas. Both attacks featured the use of bladeweapons rather than firearms or explosives.

• Previous small scalc/lbne actorçVniiattacks in the West hate npt bcen tol4pdby copycat attacks &

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• Canadian Forces personnel anatititieahave been discussed as targets b94oiñsiidAextremists in the past.

slaying has generated a surgeLamic language in UK online

an arson attack on a

Radicalization between Anti-Islamic Activists

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ITAC I CIET SECRET13/29-E

Similarities Between the France and UK Attacks

2.There are several similarities between the two attacks - the use, in both cases, of bladedweapons, the small number of attackers and the targeting of military Personnel

3. Bladed Weapons:

Some media reports refer to the Woolwichattackers as having attempted to behead Private Righv. INSPIRE magazine. the English-language publication of AQ in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). has described the beheading ofenemies by mujahedin in Yemen as a demonstration of respect for dead comrades. Ritualbeheading of enemies has been practiced widely by a number of Islamisi extremist groups invarious theatres and may be seen by extremists as a fonn of judicial punishment of LLnbelieversand other enemies.

4. Small Number of Participants: As of 2013 05 27. U K authorities had carried out 9 arrests inconnection with Private Righv’s slaiing. and three of these individuals have been released. Theinvestigation is ongoing- The I.. K 1-lome Secretary. Theresa May. has rejected characterizationsof the Woolwich attack as being a lonc actor” operation, noting the number of arrests made sofar. ‘..

5. Soldiers as targets: While there have been - ‘• .

Other Islamist Krnle Attacks in kiiropedebates on jthadist fora about the legitimacy ol .

attacks on non-military targets. military UK, June 2012: A group ot’ Birminiam-hascdfacilities and personnel appear to he seen as extimists -wee invtigated for planning to

acceptable targets whether depIo ed or at IftaCk an:English Dd’enx Leaguedemotstration.

home. Knife attacks on tmilbrmed security ihe arsqpal fQund in their car mnciwled a nailbomb, shotguns and sworth.

force members within Lurope ha e been -

featured in extreniNi propaganda online. (icrmpy,-Máy 2012: MuraL Kutlu, a 26 yearold Sahd$ wounded two polleenicu with a laiife

Risks to the Caiiad inn Military in Bonn during a protest. Tn December 2012 ahIm circtjlawd online glorifynq the attack.

6. Canadian military personnel have pre iouslv UK, May U10: Roshana (Dhct’uclhry usedabeen discussed as targets by domestic to imuaclcMP Stpkca l’imms. She confqç4-ty-extremists. Canadian niilitar facilities were being inspi,cd, at 1ct in pail’ by’ tije qljuç,

among the targets discussed both by the Leaching. of .Anwar ,aL-Aw4ki; thq 4cue*t4

Toronto 1 S plottLr% in 2006 md h 1lm m le’ider of 42 in the Aiabw $tniliffuJ4 Thease- . .

- received widespread rnttlb-aLtetuog IAhzadeh and Misbahuddimi Ahmned prior to

their arrests on terrorism charges in 2010 08.

ITAC I CIET SECRET13/29-F

7. The only recent attack on a Canadian Forces facililv in Canada was the 2010 07 02 bombingof a recruiting office in Trois-Rivieres, Quebec. Responsibility was claimed by the ResistanceInternationaliste, a QUebec-based group which claimed to be protesting ‘the militaristic idealsand policies of the Canadian govermnent.’

8. Canadian military personnel are present in a number ol locations in Eufope. Attackers may ormay not be able to distinguish between Canadian military unifomis aid Those of oilier nations,but being identified as Canadian would not necessarily inake attack less likely. Canadianpersonnel have served throughout the intervention in .4fghanislan and continue to serve albeitin a non-combat role — in that country. Canada has also contributed suppoil to the Frenchintervention in Mali; prior to the collapse of that nation’s military forces. Canadian soldiers ereprominently identified in Canadian media in the summer of 2011 as being present in Mali astrainers. Subsequent media reporting noted that following the retreat of’ Malian forces fromnorthern Mali, Canadian-trained soldiers had been targeted For torture and execution byadvancing extremists.

10. Small scale attacks offer advantages and disadvantages to çxtremists. Simple,straightforward attacksusing readily available weapons and minimal preparation on undefendedtargets &e.a2Setter match with the actual capabilities of most extremists.

9. The WoolwichRigby, they awaitedthey had murdered thearmed police and beingany of the civilians presentwhen no military targets wereMohamed Merah killed a rabbi andmilitary target. I

The Threat of Small Scale Attacks

to attack any civilians. After killing Private;by in conversation5 explaining why

did the two men attack again, chargingsimilarly did not attempt to harmckers have turned on civilians:49, French lone actor shooter

after failing in an attack on a

ITAC / CIET13/29-E

Past Small Scale and Lone Actor Attacks against Military Personnel in Europe

SECRET

12. Toulouse Shooter, Mohauned Merah: On 2012 03 22 Mohamed Merah was killed in anexchange of gunfire with French police after Ibllowing a 32-hour standoff Merah wasresponsible for three lone actor shooting attacks killing seven persons and wounding severalothers. His professed motive was to avenge Palestinian children and 10 attack the French armyfor its role in Afghanistan, telling police he was trained by AQ in Pakistan. Merahs last fourvictims, a rabbi and three children in Toulouse, were targets of opportunity alter he made a failedattempt on s military target. -

13. Frankfurt Airport Shooter, Add Uka: On 2011 03 02 LhiticAlbanian Arid Uka shot andkilled two US servicemen at the Frankfurt airport. The Islamic Movement of t.’thekistan (lMtJ)held up Uka as an example worthy of emulation in a video posted on 2012 03 08, featuring aspeech entitled “Yes, We are Terrorists!” Uka was recently sentenced to life in prison lbr theshootings in March 2012.

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