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Utilization of Heavy Timber inUtilization of Heavy Timber in Modern Commercial Buildings

Presented By:Scott Lockyear

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© Wood Products Council

Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be y p p greported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval orthat may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product Questions related to specificin any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Overview

What is Heavy TimberWhat is Heavy Timber Construction? Building Type Effects Engineered Wood Engineered Wood Decking/Diaphragmsg p g Connections

Why select Timber Framing?

Layton Petro Mart

Why select Timber Framing?

O fl l• Open floor plans• Dramatic vaulted ceilings

What is a Timber Frame?What is a Timber Frame?

•Resistant to Fire•Exposed Wood Members•Lack of Concealed Spaces

Heavy Timber as Defined in the IBC

Guided by IBC section 602 4602.4

Minimum Sizes – Floor Framing

B S tiBeam SupportingFloor Load> 6x10 nominal

Column SupportingFloor Load> 8x8 nominal

f ff ff ’ CPhoto of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center

Arch Sprung From the GroundArches supportingArches supporting roof loadsfrom top of wall shallfrom top of wall shall be > 4x6

Timber Arches supporting roofsupporting roofloads and springing from floor> 6x8 at bottom & 6x6 at top Images Provided by Structural Wood Corporation

Arch Sprung From the Ground

Timber Arches supporting floorTimber Arches supporting floor loads and springing from floor> 8x8 nominal> 8x8 nominal

Minimum Sizes – Roof Framing

Beam SupportingRoof Load> 4x6 nominal

Column SupportingRoof Load> 6x8 nominal> 6x8 nominal

f ff ff ’ CPhoto of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center

Minimum Sizes – Roof Framing

Roof Decking> 2x T&G Deck> 2x T&G Deck> 1-1/8” WSP

Oft 7/16” h thiOften 7/16” sheathing maybe applied over 2x deck

Truss Framing> 4x6

Photo of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center

602.4.7 Exterior structural members – If horizontal

separation of 20 ft is provided, Heavy timber wood

columns and arches permitted externally.

Beams in Rated Assemblies

Photo of Outdoor Store South of Chattanooga by S. Lockyear

Why is Type IV in the code

Historical Practice Fire ResistanceFire Resistance

Photos provided by Structural Wood Corporation

Fire Resistance through Char / Pyrolysis

Chemical change brought about by the action of heat

CHAROCCURS

0AT 280 0C

Trees after 2007 GA Fires

Photo by S. Lockyear

Choosing a Building Type?

Navigating Allowable H & A

Type I: Significant wood restriction

BY ORDER OF H&A ALLOWED

Type II: Significant wood restriction

Type I Type IV

Type III: Minor wood restriction

Type IV Type II

T IIIwood restriction Type IV: Heavy

Timber

Type III V

Timber Type V: Wood

dil ll dreadily allowed

Alternative to Type IV construction

Timber construction is allowed even when it does not meet Type IV constructionit does not meet Type IV construction Type IIIB and VB unprotected construction

Allows for conventionally framed walls or Allows for conventionally framed walls or SIPS

Using Timber w/o Type IV

Type IIIB construction offers:offers: Allowable heights

identical to IIBidentical to IIB Allowable areas

identical to IIBidentical to IIB Exception: IIB > IIIB for B,

F-1, F-2, H-3, H-5, I-2, and I-3

Timber Frame in IIIA or VA construction

IIIA and VA require one hour rated floor and roof assemblies in addition to one toand roof assemblies in addition to one to two hour wall assemblies

√√√

√√√

Achieving one hour equivalency

Common Techniques Additional Design Material Additional Design Material Calculated Fire Endurance

Protecting Steel Connections

DCA 2 EXCERPTS

Why Use Type IV construction?

To take advantage of increased height relative to type II, III, and V.relative to type II, III, and V. Occurs > 50% of time

Type IV offers 1 additional story typically Type IV offers 1 additional story typically relative to Type II and III

TYPE IVA B A B A B HT A B

HGT (FT) 

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTIONTYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE V

( )HGT (S) UL 160 65 55 65 55 65 50 40

S UL 11 4 4 4 4 4 3 2A UL UL 24,000 16,000 24,000 16,000 20,500 12,000 7,000S UL 11 3 2 3 2 3 2 1

R‐2

GROUP

S UL 11 3 2 3 2 3 2 1A UL UL 15,500 9,500 14,000 9,500 15,000 11,500 6,000A‐2

Utilize Height Advantage in Type IV

Balconies and similar projections of combustible construction…..or shall be of

IBC TabulatedHeights up to 5 storiescombustible construction…..or shall be of

Type IV construction in accordance with Section 602.4.with Section 602.4.

Office BuildingQ b QCQuebec, QCDimensions: 65 ft x 170 ftHeight: 6 storeyCompleted: 2009

Why Use Type IV construction?

To incorporate into Type IB and IIA roof systemssystems

Roof Construction

d In all occupancies heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1-hour ord. In all occupancies, heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1 hour or less fire-resistance rating is required.

Balconies in Type III, IV, and VBalconyBalcony

Exterior Wall

Preservatively TreatedWood Beam Top One Hour Wood Beam Top Notched For Balcony Floor Assembly

Type IV Applications – Gas Station Canopies

406.5.2 Canopies - Shall be of noncombustible materials, fire-retardant-treated wood complyingmaterials, fire retardant treated wood complying with Chapter 23, wood of Type IV sizes or of construction providing 1-hour fire resistance.

Combustible materials used in or on a canopy shall comply with one of the following: 1. Shielded from the pumps by a

noncombustible element of the canopy, or d f T IV iwood of Type IV sizes;

Type IV Applications – Gas Station Canopies

406.5.2 Canopies - Shall be of noncombustible materials, fire-retardant-treated wood complyingmaterials, fire retardant treated wood complying with Chapter 23, wood of Type IV sizes or of construction providing 1-hour fire resistance.

Combustible materials used in or on a canopy shall comply with one of the following: 1. Shielded from the pumps by a

noncombustible element of the canopy, or d f T IV iwood of Type IV sizes;

Kiaweh Island, SC

Using Wood In Georgia Schools

Heavy Timber as Defined in Section 602 of the IBC may be usedof the IBC may be used. Example Project;

C Fayetteville, NC 110,000sf Heavy Timber Roof System

photo by B. Lindsey

Using Wood In Georgia Schools

Heavy Timber as Defined in Section 602 of the IBC may be usedof the IBC may be used. Example Project;

C Fayetteville, NC 110,000sf Heavy Timber Roof System

photo by B. Lindsey

Beams in Rated Assemblies

QUIZ TIMEIs this allowed in a IIA building?Jack Daniel’s Distillery

photo by S. Lockyear

What about Engineered Lumber Products?

Glued Laminated Timber Structural Composite Lumber

Equivalent Glued Laminated Net Size Engineered Wood Beams – Glulam & Structural Composite Lumber

Glued Laminated Beams

•Available in:•Framing/Industrial Grades IntendedGrades – Intended for non-exposed conditions.•Architectural –Intended for exposed members.members.•Premium Grade also available

Glulam Appearance Grades – AITC 110

Glued Laminated Beams

•Available in:•Framing/Industrial Grades IntendedGrades – Intended for non-exposed conditions.•Architectural –Intended for exposed members.members.•Premium Grade also available

Multi-Ply ColumnsOK for Unprotected C t tiConstruction

Multi Ply is ≠ Solid Section Multi-Ply is ≠ Solid Section for Minimum Sizes Gainesville Veterinary Clinic

photo by S. Lockyear

Tongue and Groove Decking

Racine Wisconsin Hotelphoto by S. Lockyear

T&G Decking Considerations

Span ConfigurationsConfigurations Tongue & Grooved

vs Splinedvs. Splined Wood Species Grade of Wood Diaphragm DesignDiaphragm Design

Racine Wisconsin Hotel photo by S. Lockyear

Diaphragm Options

Horizontally applied tongue and groove deckingdecking Diagonally applied tongue and groove

deckingdecking Wood Structural Panel Sheathing

Tongue and Groove Decking

STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALFRAMING

T&G DECKING

WSP may beapplied fordiaphragm design

Tongue and Groove Decking

STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALFRAMING

T&G DECKING

Tongue and Groove Decking

Decking Choices - SimpleSPANSPAN

LENGTHBOARD

Decking Choices - ContinuousSPAN

LENGTH BOARD

Decking Choices – Cantilevered Pieces Decking Spans

Controlled Random Layup 2 inch Decking

Timber Connections Connection Options

BoltedMortis & TenonTimber Rivets

S lit Ri & Sh Pl tSplit Rings & Shear Plates

Connection OptionsBolted Connections Split Rings

Shear Plates Timber Rivet

Other Joint SystemOther Joint System JOINERYJOINERY

HALF-LAP DOVETAIL COLLAR TIEHALF-LAP DOVETAIL COLLAR TIECOMMON RAFTERS AT RIDGECOMMON RAFTERS AT RIDGE

JOINERYJOINERY

RAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTIONRAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTIONRAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTIONRAFTER TO KING POST CONNECTION

ExamplesImage provided by SWS

NFPA 1961 test Witnessed by 80 code officials and insurance

representatives Steel bar joist and solid sawn wood exposed

to fire.

Murchison Performing Arts Center$17,000,000 – 77,000sf$17,000,000 – 77,000sf

Murchison Performing Arts CenterNorth Denton, TX

Murchison Performing Arts Center

Seating 1,10098’ S 98’ Span

SWS AL supplied glulamglulam

" l l t t l "glulam structural members were structurallystructurally, aesthetically, and economically theymaterial of choice."

Image provided by SWS

Examples

NFPA 1961 test Witnessed by 80 code officials and insurance

representatives Steel bar joist and solid sawn wood exposed

to fire.

Architects: KVG Gideon Toal and Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer AssociatesArchitects: KVG Gideon Toal and Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer AssociatesHolzman Pfeiffer AssociatesEngineers: Frese & Nichools, Inc.Contractor: Huber, Hunt and Nichols Inc.

Holzman Pfeiffer AssociatesEngineers: Frese & Nichools, Inc.Contractor: Huber, Hunt and Nichols Inc.

Great Wolf Lodge Resort located in Concord NC is a $70 million 470 000 squareGreat Wolf Lodge Resort, located in Concord, NC, is a $70 million, 470,000 square foot complex. It will contain 402 hotel guest units, a 90,000 square foot indoor water park, and a 20,000 square foot convention center.

Kraemer Brothers, LLC of Plain, WI has contracted with Universal Forest Products to provide and install all rough carpentry, wood trusses, and fiber cement siding. David Boyce (E285 – Dallas, NC) is the account manager for the $6.7 million turn-key project Dan Chaney is coordinating all efforts with David Boyce as Generalproject. Dan Chaney is coordinating all efforts with David Boyce as General Manager of Operations in Dallas.

The project started in November 2007 and is expected to be complete in March 2009 I b i ti l i f t i f b ildi2009. Image above is a partial view of west wing of building.

Heavy Timber Roof

Focal point is heavy timber framework at entry core area and water park.

Photo by Universal Forest ProductsPhoto by Universal Forest Products

• Large Roof With Structural Panels

Photo by Universal Forest Products

Glued Laminated Beams with T&G

Photo by Universal Forest Products

YMCA Fitness CenterIn corrosive chlorine environment wood is a popular choice.

Anaheim Ice Arena

116’ Span Anaheim Ice Arena

6,000 sf Building Expansion

Architect – Eric Owen MossSupplier StructurlamSupplier – StructurlamEngineer - Englekirk Partners ConsultingStructural Engineers IncStructural Engineers, Inc.

Hayden Warehouse

Glulam span – 16 -52’

5-1/8 to 6-3/4” wide9 t 30” d9 to 30” deep

12’ o.c.

2x rafters 16” o.c.

Hayden Warehouse ReviewWhat is Heavy Timber

Construction?Construction? Building Type EffectsBuilding Type Effects Engineered Wood Decking/Diaphragms Connections Connections Projectsojects

Technical Resources Technical Resources - www.timberframe.org

Technical Resources - www.tfguild.org/ American Wood Council - www.awc.org

Make Your Next Building a Top Ten Candidate

QuestionsQ

S tt L kScott LockyearWoodWorks

scott@woodworks.org

Phone: 615 439 0624