Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

Born and died:

12/29/1856-2/3/1924

State elected From:

New JerseyBorn in: VirginiaPolitical Platform:

New Freedom

Vice President

Thomas R. Marshall

Political Party:Democrat

(1) Election of 1912- Teddy caused the Republican vote to split- allowing Wilson (the democrat) to win

(a)William Howard Taft Republican- the incumbent- no platform (b)Thomas Woodrow Wilson

Democrat- New Freedom- HE WON!!! (c) Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive Party- New Nationalism took over half of Republican vote

DOMESTICDOMESTIC

POLITICAL/ ECONOMIC/ SOCIALPOLITICAL/ ECONOMIC/ SOCIAL

(Political/Economic)I. “New Freedom”I. “New Freedom”Political/ Economic

A. Wilson’s Political Platform: A. Wilson’s Political Platform: ““New FreedomNew Freedom” ” called for 3 called for 3 major areas of reform major areas of reform (change):(change):1.Tariff 2. Banking and Monetary3. Business and Labor

B. Tariff & Banking B. Tariff & Banking Reform Reform

(Economic)(Economic)

(5) Underwood Tariff of 1913(5) Underwood Tariff of 1913a. Replaced the Payne-Aldrich Tariffb. Sponsored by Rep. Underwood (AL)

c.c. Reduced the tariff rate from 37% Reduced the tariff rate from 37% to 27%to 27%

d. Placed items such as iron, steel, and iron, steel, and raw wool on the free list.raw wool on the free list. (“free list” = no tariff)

e. Promoted the federal income tax (as established in the 16th Amendment of 1909)

(6) (6) Federal Reserve Act of 1913Federal Reserve Act of 1913a. Created the modern Federal Reserve System

b. Established a 3-tiered banking system:Established a 3-tiered banking system: i. Federal Reserve Board- Federal Reserve Board- a group appointed by the president and in charge of running the system. ii. 12 Federal Reserve Banks- 12 Federal Reserve Banks- served as the bankers’ banks and were not for public use. iii. Private Banks- Private Banks- kept a portion of their

capital on deposit at a federal reserve bank.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Fed_Reserve.JPG

i. Federal Reserve Board

ii. 12 Federal Reserve Banks

iii. Private Banks

The US Dollar

• The circle/letter combination tells where the dollars are from… Let’s see if this class can find all 12!... Get out your dollars

1. Boston, Massachusetts 2. New York, New York 3. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania4. Cleveland, Ohio 5. Richmond, Virginia 6. Atlanta, Georgia7. Chicago, Illinois 8. St. Louis, Missouri 9. Minneapolis, Minnesota10. Kansas City, Kansas 11. Dallas, Texas 12. San Francisco, California

C. Business/ Labor C. Business/ Labor ReformReform

1. Wilson’s first progressive actfirst progressive act was to add the position of Secretary of LaborSecretary of Labor to his cabinet.

William B. WilsonWilliam B. Wilson

(no relation to pres)(no relation to pres)i. founder of United

Mine Workersii. House Labor Committee Chairiii. helped in creating Dept. of Labor

(8)(8)Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 a. Wilson believed that in order to protect small to protect small

businesses, more limits businesses, more limits needed to be placed onon the power of monopolies.monopolies.

b. Large companies could not sell goods below cost to drive competitors out of business.

c. Large companies could not buy competing companies’ stock in order to create a monopoly.

d. It legalized tools of collective bargaining such as It legalized tools of collective bargaining such as peacefulpeaceful strikes, pickets, and boycotts. strikes, pickets, and boycotts.

(9) Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commissiona. Established in 1914b. Allowed small businesses to better compete

with big businesses.c. President appointed members to the

commission. d. The FTC had the power to investigate the business practices of interstate corporations.e. However, its powers were limited by the Supreme Court.

4. The Keating-Owen Act of 1916The Keating-Owen Act of 1916a. Child labor law that barred the shipment of

goods manufactured by children under 14.b. Supreme Court struck it down in Hammer v.

Dagenhart (1918).

c. Congress responded with the Child Child Labor Act of 1919Labor Act of 1919 which placed a 10% tax on the profits of companies employing

children. i. This too was declared unconstitutional by the

Supreme Court in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (1922).

The law forbade the transportation among states of products of factories, shops or canneries employing children under 14 years of age, of mines employing children under 16 years of age, and the products of any of these employing children under 16 who worked at night or more than eight hours a day.

5. Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916a. provided low-interest loans to farmers

6. Adamson Act of 1916Adamson Act of 1916a. RR strike threatens to paralyze the nation’s

rails.b. Wilson’s arbitration attempts with both sides

failed.

c. Congress passed this act, Congress passed this act, reducing RR workers’ reducing RR workers’

workdays from 10 hours to workdays from 10 hours to 8 hours.8 hours.

II. Social IssuesII. Social Issues

(2) 1912- New Mexico and Arizona (2) 1912- New Mexico and Arizona become 47th and 48th states- completing the 48 contiguous states.

Wilson is the first to be elected by the 48 states

A. Sixteenth A. Sixteenth AmendmentAmendment

(3)16th Amendment- Passed in 1913

1.1. Provided for Graduated Income Provided for Graduated Income TaxTax (a push started by farmers and other Populists during the late 1800s.)

2. It was written under Taft and ratified under Wilson.

A. Seventeenth A. Seventeenth AmendmentAmendment

(4)17th Amendment- Passed in 1913

1.1. Provided for the Direct Election Provided for the Direct Election of Senatorsof Senators (a push started by farmers and other Populists during the late 1800s.)

2. Earned the support of Wilson because of his interest in lessening the power of the state political machines.

B. Eighteenth B. Eighteenth AmendmentAmendment

(27) 18(27) 18thth Amendment- Amendment- Passed in Passed in 19191919

1. Called for PROHIBITION: the outlawing the outlawing of the sale, purchase, or of the sale, purchase, or consumption of alcohol. consumption of alcohol.

2. Wilson supported prohibition both publicly and privately.

C. The Increasing Demand C. The Increasing Demand for Women’s Rights and for Women’s Rights and

minority rightsminority rights

1.1. SuffragettesSuffragettes: women who fought for their right to vote. Some even died in protests to earn this right.

a. They were led by Alice PaulAlice Paul and Carrie Carrie Chapman CattChapman Catt of the NAWSA (Nat’l Amer. Woman Suffrage Assoc.)

b. Paul helped form the National Woman’s National Woman’s Party in 1916.Party in 1916.

Washington DC ,Suffrage March

2. Wilson came out in support of women’s suffrage in 1918.

(31) (31) The 1919thth Amendment Amendment will be ratified in 1920, giving women the right to vote

(more to come…)

(12) KKK - The Birth of a Nation(12) KKK - The Birth of a Nation• The Birth of a Nation was a silent film

directed by D. W. Griffith and released in 1915, is one of the most influential and controversial of American motion pictures. Set during and after the American Civil War. It has provoked great controversy for its treatment of white supremacy and sympathetic account of the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the US, generally in the southern states, that are best known for

advocating white supremacy and acting as vigilantes while hidden behind cone masks and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism, violence, and lynching to

intimidate and oppress African Americans, Jews, and Roman Catholics during periods of turmoil.

(14) Margaret Sanger- Birth Control(14) Margaret Sanger- Birth Control An American birth control activist, and the founder of the

American Birth Control League (which eventually became Planned Parenthood). Initially met with fierce opposition to her ideas, Sanger gradually won some support, both in the public as well as in the courts, for a woman's choice to decide how and when, if ever, she will bear children.