Upload
chanaka-wijeratne
View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
1/26
WOOD WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY
NAME : C.J.WIJERATNECOURSE : NDT
FIELD : MECHANICAL
ADMISSION NO : 10/IT/ME/245
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
2/26
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE ..........................................................................................................................................5
PROCEDURE OF MAKING FLOWER POT STAND (PROJECT NO.2) ......................................................5
CLASSIFICATION OF TREES .................................................................................................................6
CROSS SECTION OF A WOOD TRUNK .................................................................................................7
USES OF WOOD ..................................................................................................................................7
TYPES OF WOOD ................................................................................................................................8
SEASONING OF WOOD .......................................................................................................................8
AIR DRYING METHOD .........................................................................................................................8
KILN DRYING METHOD .......................................................................................................................9
CUTTIING METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 10
PLANE SAWN (TANGENTIAL SAWN) ............................................................................................... 11
QUATETR SAWN .............................................................................................................................. 11
RIFT SAWN ...................................................................................................................................... 11
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THESE SAWING TECHNIQUES ........................................ 11
QUALITIES OF GOOD TIMBER ......................................................................................................... 12
PRESERVATION OF TIMBER ............................................................................................................. 12
CARPENTARY TOOLS ....................................................................................................................... 13
CUTTING TOOOLS ............................................................................................................................ 13
SAWS ............................................................................................................................................... 13
TENNON SAW .................................................................................................................................. 14
KEY HOLE SAW ................................................................................................................................ 14
HAND PLANERS ............................................................................................................................... 15
PARTS OF A HAND PLANE ............................................................................................................... 15
SMOOTHING PLANE ........................................................................................................................ 15
JACK PLANES ................................................................................................................................... 16
BLOCK PLANES................................................................................................................................. 16
JOINTERS ......................................................................................................................................... 16
WOOD CHISELS ............................................................................................................................... 17
GEOMETRIC TOOLS ......................................................................................................................... 17
STEEL RULES .................................................................................................................................... 17
SLIDING BEVEL................................................................................................................................. 18
TRY SQUARE .................................................................................................................................... 18
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
3/26
MARKING GUAGE ............................................................................................................................ 18
HOLDING AND SUPPORTING TOOLS ............................................................................................... 19
WORKING BENCH ............................................................................................................................ 19
BENCH WISE .................................................................................................................................... 19
CRAMPERS ...................................................................................................................................... 20
PERCUSSION AND IMPELLING TOOLS ............................................................................................. 20
WOODEN MALLET ........................................................................................................................... 20
WOOD JOINTS ................................................................................................................................. 21
MITER JOINT .................................................................................................................................... 21
MORTISE AND TENON ..................................................................................................................... 21
LAP JOINT ........................................................................................................................................ 21
TONGUE & GROOVE JOINT ............................................................................................................. 22
DOWEL JOINT .................................................................................................................................. 22
CROSS HALVING .............................................................................................................................. 22
DOVETAIL JOINT .............................................................................................................................. 23
SIMPLE MORTISE AND TENNON JOINT ........................................................................................... 23
HIDDEN MORTISE AND TENNON JOINT .......................................................................................... 24
T BRIDDLE JOINT ........................................................................................................................... 24
DISSCUSSION ................................................................................................................................... 25
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 26
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
4/26
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
5/26
OBJECTIVE
To be familiarized with number of common joints used in carpentry in a single project in a single
project where accuracy and the skill to be achieved through manipulation of wood working machines
and hand tools.
PROCEDURE OF MAKING FLOWER POT STAND (PROJECT NO.2)
1. The timber work piece was checked whether it is plane and squared correctly in to given
dimensions.
2. The timber work piece was checked whether it is plane and squared correctly in to given
dimensions.
3. A 42*24 mm timber piece was taken and using the Radial arm saw set ,two pieces having a
length of 24mm were cut.
4. With the Tri square, one aligned side of both pieces was selected and with respective to that
side all the dimensions given in the drawing were marked on the wood pieces for cutting.
There, special marks were drawn on the waste and assembling parts of the work pieces. To
mark the lines a marking gauge and a steel ruler were used with a pencil.
5. According to the marked lines, waste wood parts were removed carefully with a tennon saw
in order to create relevant joints. To obtain the finish of the joint surfaces unnecessary waste
parts were removed with a chisel.
6. A 55*24mm timber piece was taken and with that, 4 work pieces were cut those having a
length of 200mm.
7. Just as done in the 4th
step, all significant lines were drawn as shown in the drawing andwaste parts were cut off and the relevant joints were made correctly.
8. Outer profile of the legs were drawn as the given template and cut off the waste parts with
the tnnon saw and the chisel.
9. The cuts were well shaped and finished with the sander machine and the correct shapes
were obtained correctly.
10.The legs were fitted correctly at first and then the two braces were fitted at right angle to
each other.
11.After the completion of all, again the legs were sand out with the sander machine until the
flower pot stand stays in balance.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
6/26
CLASSIFICATION OF TREES
TREES
EXOGENEOUS ENDOGENEOUS
CONITERES OR EVER
GREEN TREES
DECIDUOUS OR
BROAD LEAF TERES
Most of the trees are of this
category. These kinds of trees
supplies most of engineering
timber. In these trees we can
find annual rings. So every
year they become fresh and
new.
These kinds of trees owns
needle like leaves and the
spread out of branches
around the trunk is quite
symmetrical. Basically the
tree is in a shape of a cone
and most of them have a
specific smell
These trees shed their
leaves in the autumn
and get new leaves on
the summer. These
trees supplies hard
woods which are
strong, heavy and dark
coloured
These are the trees
those who grow inwards
or outwards. The stem
of these trees are light
and tough. But they are
too flexible to be used.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
7/26
CROSS SECTION OF A WOOD TRUNK
USES OF WOOD
WOODEXPLOSIVES
MEDICINE
TIMBER
FUEL
FURNITURESWORKSHOP
INSTRUMENTS
PARTS OF SHIPS
BUILDING
CONTAINERS
PAPER
MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS SPORT
INSTRUMENTS
GLUE
BUILDING METERIALS
(MDF, OSB, CHIP BORD, HARD
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
8/26
TYPES OF WOOD
Mainly wood is divided in to two groups.
1. SOFT WOOD
These are from Coniferous trees. These kinds of woods are lighter and simple in structure.
From these woods someone can easily produce things. They are easy to handle and possess.
The moisture content is approximately 12%. The density of softwoods varies with 350 700
kg/m3.Most of trees supplies softwoods. Because of that Softwoods are more
commercialized than hardwood.
2. HARD WOOD
These are from broad leave trees. These are generally heavier and have complex structure.
Hardwoods are rather difficult to possess. The density of hardwood varies with 450 1250
kg/m3. The moisture content is approximately 12% so as the softwood. Because of
hardwood is more hard and complex it is difficult to dry and season.
SEASONING OF WOOD
Before using the wood in to manufacturing process it has to be seasoned. In this seasoning procedure
the water content of wood is being lowered. There are two main methods of seasoning woods.
01.Air drying method
02.Kiln drying method
This seasoning improves the quality of wood such as Strength, Stiffness, Durability and Effectiveness
of coating.
AIR DRYING METHOD
In this method woods are dried by exposing in to air. Mainly the technique of air
drying consists of making a stack of sawn timber (with the layers of boards separated by stickers) on
raised foundations, in a clean, cool, dry and shady place. Rate of drying largely depends on climatic
conditions, and on the air movement. A continuous and uniform flow of air throughout the pile of the
timber leads to a successful air dry. Coating the ends of logs with oil or thick paint, improves the
quality.
THE BENEFITS OF AIR DRYING METHOD
It is a less expensive drying method
often produces a higher quality, more easily workable wood than with kiln drying
Disadvantages
Depending on the climate, it takes several months to a number of years to air-dry the wood.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
9/26
KILN DRYING METHOD
The process of kiln drying consists of introducing heat. There are two main methods
in kiln drying. First one is direct method. In this method wood pieces are heated by the means of
natural gas or electricity .The other method is indirect method. In this method the wood pieces are
heated by steam. The steam can be heated by heat exchangers or solar energy. In the process,
control of temperature, relative humidity and air circulation is provided to give an effective drying to
obtain a better seasoned wood. For this purpose, the timber is stacked in chambers, called wood
drying kilns, which are fitted with equipment for treatment and control of the temperature and the
relative humidity of the drying air and its circulation rate through the timber stack.
Kiln drying provides a means of overcoming the limitations imposed by unpredictable
weather conditions. In kiln drying as in air drying, unsaturated air is used as the drying medium.
Almost all commercial timbers of the world are dried in industrial kilns.
There are some advantages and disadvantages in kiln drying compared to the air drying.
Timber can be dried to any desired moisture content, but in air drying, moisture contents of
less than 18% are difficult to attain for most locations.
The drying times are considerably less in kiln drying than in air drying.
In air drying, there is little control over the drying elements, so drying degrade cannot be
controlled.
The temperatures engaged in kiln drying typically kill all the fungi and insects. This is not
guaranteed in air drying.
If air drying is done improperly (exposed to the sun), the rate of drying may be overly rapid
in the dry summer months, causing cracking and splitting, and too slow during the cold
winter months.
The significant advantages of kiln drying include higher throughput and better control of the
final moisture content. Conventional kiln and solar drying both enable wood to be dried to
any moisture content regardless of weather conditions. For most large-scale drying
operations solar and conventional kiln drying are more efficient than air drying.
Kiln drying is more expensive than air drying.
It needs professional and knowledgeable workers to handle the process. Unless the wood
pieces can even be destroyed with improper handling.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
10/26
CUTTIING METHODS
The cutting method has a large influence in the quality of the finished product. Usually when
cutting a log the goal is to obtain the largest volume of useful wood in a short period of time easily.
Good selection of cutting method increases the value of the wood. Similarly bad selection of cuttingmethod can destroy the whole log.
There are three main ways to cut a log. They are
1. Plane sawn (Tangential sawn)
2. Quarter sawn
3. Rift sawn
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
11/26
PLANE SAWN (TANGENTIAL SAWN)
This is the simplest method of wood cutting. The log is squared and sawed lengthwise. Knots
that occur are round or oval - shaped and have relatively little weakening effect on the timber piece.
The annual rings appear as approximately straight lines running across grain. The lines join at thebottom. Wood cut this way shrinks and swells very little in thickness. There are some advantages of
this method. It is easy to be done by any person who has a fair knowledge and a skill and it is also
less expensive.
QUATETR SAWN
Wood cut with this method is called "quarter sawn if it is hardwood. If it is softwood it is
called "edge grained" or "vertical grained". The log is sawed into quarters, then into boards. Theangle between the cut and the growth rings varies from 90 degrees to about 45 degrees. In such
wood, the lines formed by the rings run with the grain. Such timber pieces shrinks and swells less
in width and wrapped less than plain sawn timber pieces. Another advantage is many species of
wood shows beautiful patterns when they are quarter sawn.
RIFT SAWN
The logs are sawed at not less than 35 or more than 65 degrees to the annual rings, usually
at about 45 degrees. In wood sawed this way, the rings appear as longitudinal lines. Rays always run
longitudinally and are longer than lumber cut by the other methods.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THESE SAWING TECHNIQUES
Plan or Flat Sawn Quartered or Rift Sawn
1. Less waste but less stable.
2. Less time cutting.
3. More shrinkage in width.
4. Less expensive.
5. Wider widths.
1. Most waste and most expensive.
2. Most stable but narrow widths.
3. Shrinks more in thickness than width.
4. More labor intensive.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
12/26
QUALITIES OF GOOD TIMBER
1. It should be hart wood and shouldnt consist of any sap wood.
2. It shouldnt have any defective parts like knots, shakes, resin pockets or warm holes.
3. A uniform dark colour should be spread all over the wood.
4. It should be properly seasoned without twisting, warping etc.
5. It should be easily workable
6. It should be strong and heavy.
7. It must have a good resistance against fire.
8. It shouldnt split out when nails are driven in to it or a pressure exerted over it.
PRESERVATION OF TIMBER
In order to protect the wood from internal decay and from insects attacks such as white
ants, quality preservation must be given. This kind of preservation increases the durability of the
timber structure and the quality of wood. A good preservation should have some characters.
1. It should be cheap and available.
2. It shouldnt leave any mark on the timber.
3. It should b able to penetrate in to the timber.
4. It should be non flammable.5. It shouldnt give a stinky smell.
6. It shouldnt help to corrode the metals which come to contact with the wood.
7. It must be a poison for insects and funguses.
8. It shouldnt be easily washed away by water.
9. It shouldnt be fall of by heat, light or any natural effects.
10. It must protect wood for a long period of time.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
13/26
CARPENTARY TOOLS
There are number of tools used in wood working for various purposes for various tasks.
Mainly we can divide these tools into four main groups. They are
1. Cutting tools2. Geometric tools
3. Holding and supporting tools
4. Percussion and impelling tools
CUTTING TOOOLS
Cutting tools are used to cut and shape up the work piece in to desired dimensions.
SAWS
The cutting ability of a saw blade depends upon three measurements, rake, pitch and set.
Rake
This is the angle at which the teeth are ground.
Pitch
This is the number of teeth per inch on the blade.
SetThe teeth are offset on each side of the blade on a straight set blade, on fine
toothed blades they may have a wavy set in which several teeth in a row will be offset
to the same side.
The distance across the points of the teeth is known as the kerfs or the width of the
cut.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
14/26
TENNON SAW
There are number of saws which are used for various purposes. In our practical we
used the Tennon saw because with the Tennon saw we can create a sharp and clear cutting.Tenon Saw is the most used kind of backsaw. It is a medium sized saw. The stiff piece of
metal along the top of the blade helps prevent the blade from bending during use and the added
weight adds another level of control to the saw.Tenon Saws are available with two different kinds of teeth, depending on the cutting
requirements. Rip-filed teeth can be used for rip cutting or cross-cut teeth can be used when cutting
across the particle. This choice makes the Tenon Saw a very versatile tool in the workshop.
KEY HOLE SAW
The key hole saw is used to cut little holes through a wood work piece such as key holes.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
15/26
HAND PLANERS
Hand planers are of four main types.
1. Smoothing plane
2. Jack plane
3. Block plane
4. Jointer plane
Basically these planes are used to create an even surface. By removing thin layers of
wood we can create a smooth and well finished surface.
PARTS OF A HAND PLANE
SMOOTHING PLANE
These are 8" to 9" long and 1 3/4" to 2" wide. They are ideal for trouble spots where a
board may have small piece that changes direction and has to be planed in different directions along
its length. These planes cut a very fine shaving giving less chance of tear-out.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
16/26
JACK PLANES
These are similar looking to smoothing planes but have a longer base, ranging from 12" to
15" in length. They are used for rough shaping of boards so are made to remove large quantities of
wood quickly.
BLOCK PLANES
Block planes are designed to shear off end grain as the blade is mounted at a very low angle
making them very useful in trimming and fitting.
JOINTERS
Jointers are very long planes used to flatten and joint the faces of boards. They range from
18" up to 30" or more.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
17/26
WOOD CHISELS
Wood chisels are in size of 1/4" to 2" wide and in 1/8" graduations. They are available withwooden or plastic handles. Use a chisel about one half the width of the cut to be made. Thin cuts
can be made by pushing by hand. Heavier cuts are made by tapping on the end with a wooden
mallet.
GEOMETRIC TOOLS
These tools are used to take measurements for the desired dimensions on the wood piece.
There are number of tools for measure various types of measurements such as angles, lengths,
thicknesses, etc.
STEEL RULES
A good quality steel rule has many uses. Drawing plans, measuring material, aligning table
saw wings and any other application where accuracy is necessary. They are available in various
lengths, some have the markings starting from the edge, and others are indented. These are better
for precise measurement since damage to the end will not affect the reading.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
18/26
SLIDING BEVEL GAUGE
This tool has an adjustable blade which can be used to transfer angles to mark on a board to
be cut or be used to set-up a power saw. It can also replace a try square but caution must be used so
that the blade is not accidentally knocked out of square.
TRY SQUARE
It is made out of a steel tongue fixed into a wooden or steel handle. They range in size from
3" to 12". The use of this tool is to measure whether the angles are of 90 degrees. And also it can be
used to measure a distance along a perpendicular line.
MARKING GUAGE
A marking gauge is used to mark a line parallel to a straight edge. The better quality gauges
have brass inserts at the front of the stock. These help reduce the wear on the stock as it is pushed
against the surface of the wood - to be marked. The marking gauge is an extremely important tool
for marking parallel lines and preparing for cutting joints.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
19/26
HOLDING AND SUPPORTING TOOLS
These are the tools which used to clamp or keep the work piece stationary while working.
Working bench, Bench wise, Clampers and etc are such tools. Using correct holding tool for correct
work helps to avoid work shop accidents. Also it helps to do the work accurately and speedily. So itindirectly relates with the quality of the work.
WORKING BENCH
Working Bench is normally made with a harder wood for its strength. All the works with the
wood piece (work piece) are done on the bench. So it helps to hold the tools as well as the work
piece. Most benches have two features in common. They are heavy and rigid enough to keep still
while the wood is being worked, and there is some method for holding the work in place at a
comfortable position and height so that the worker is free to use both hands on the tools. The main
thing that distinguishes benches is the way in which the work is held in place. Most benches have
more than one way to do this, depending on the operation being performed
BENCH WISE
In this wises the jaws are made of wood. They are usually faced with wood to avoid
damaging the work piece. The top edges of the jaws are typically brought flush with the bench top
by the extension of the wooden face above the top of the iron moveable jaw.
BENCH WISE
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
20/26
CRAMPERS
Cramp is a fastening device to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent
movement or separation through the process of work. Cramp is often used for temporary use
for positioning components during wood working. The most common instrument is the G-
cramp in wood working.
PERCUSSION AND IMPELLING TOOLS
These are tools those who dont have a direct connection with the work piece itself. They
connect with the wood through another tool. Hammers, wooden mallets are some of these kinds of
tools. Although there are many tools under this group we used only the wooden mallet for our
practical with the chisels and with clamper.
WOODEN MALLET
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
21/26
WOOD JOINTS
Wood joints are considered as the heart of the wood working technology. For many purposes
wood joints are used in the wood working field. Wood joints can be divided in to number of groupssuch as
1. Lengthening joints
2. Widening joints
3. Strengthening joints
4. Framing joints etc.
MITER JOINT
Miter joints are made by cutting the ends of the pieces on an angle equal to one half of
the angle of the finished product. A square 90 corner is made by cutting each piece at a 45angle. Finishing nails are usually needed with glue to strengthen the joint.
MORTISE AND TENON
Mortise and tenon joints consist of putting a square peg in a square hole, they hold
extremely well and were used in most antique furniture building.The Mortise & Tenon joint is verystrong and takes considerable work to construct. This joint works well for connecting chair or table
rungs to legs
LAP JOINT
Lap joints are made by laying one piece on top of another. They can be used in angle or
lengthwise joints. Half lap joints are when half of the thickness from each piece is removed, they can
be made by hand with a saw and chisel, on a table saw.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
22/26
HALF LAP JOINT BASIC LAP JOINT
TONGUE & GROOVE JOINT
The Tongue & Groove joint is stronger than the Lap joint but requires more work to create.
This joint works well on horizontal pieces like drawer supports or shelves.
DOWEL JOINT
The Dowel joint is very strong and requires care in locating the holes for the wood dowels.
The dowels are usually made from .25" diameter birch or maple. This joint is typically used to join
boards along their long edges
CROSS HALVING
Half the thickness is removed from both pieces of timber where the cross. Mark out
the width and depth of the recess in both pieces of timber and cut squarely to the depth
line with the tenon saw. Use a chisel or pre-set router to remove the surplus material from
between the cuts.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
23/26
This joint was used in our practical.
DOVETAIL JOINT
This join is used where a stronger joint is required. The sides of each half of the joint
are cut at an angle of about 30 degrees so that when the joint is assembled, the separate
pieces are locked together.
Mark out the width and depth of the recess in the edge timber as for a T halving joint.
Then mark the angle for the dove tail, this can be achieved by using an adjustable square or
by measurement. Cut the angled sides of the dovetail down to the depth line with a tenon
saw. Use a chisel to remove the extra material from between the cuts.
This joint was used in our practical.
SIMPLE MORTISE AND TENNON JOINT
This joint was used in our practical.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
24/26
HIDDEN MORTISE AND TENNON JOINT
This joint was used in our practical.
T BRIDDLE JOINT
This joint was used in our practical.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
25/26
DISSCUSSION
In this practical we got familiar with the wood working technology. There we got a good
knowledge about various types of timbers, wood joineries, wood working tools, how to operate
them correctly and many more. If we didnt do it correctly those tools can be very dangerous.
Wood is a material which has been used by human for centuries. From early ages human has
used wood to create equipments. Researchers have found that since the age of Neanderthals
human have created tools to create things from wood. These tools were built with stones and
animal bones. In those days they have commonly used wood javelins as a weapon.
Lately ancient Egyptians invented many valuable things regarding wood working. They have
made stools, beds, chairs and many more furniture with wood. In that time they had more
developed tools to work with wood and even they had wood workshops.
When it comes to present days wood has became an essential media for human beings. From the
birth to death our lives have bound with wood.
When we did this practical we faced to lot of problems. Most of them were happened due to
lack of experiences we had regarding wood working. We were totally new comers to the wood
working field. We didnt have any knowledge about how to use the hand tools properly.
At the start we couldnt find good timber pieces. Some of the pieces we took were with
knots. Some times when we needed to use the saws we couldnt cut the work piece on the correct
line. Sometimes we have cut the wood more than it needed to be cut. When we were using the
planers we couldnt keep the balance and due to that the surface not finished properly and
smoothly. We didnt have a good practice to adjust the planer well. So some time when we used the
planer to shave out the surface it didnt shave the surface but peal out the surface and created a
dent on the surface. When we worked with chisels sometimes our work piece was cracked due to
wrong handling.
Another problem was the timber we got was not well seasoned. First day we took
measurements and we cut the work piece as mentioned in the drawing. But when we came in the
second day after a week later the work piece was dried and the dimensions were not correct. Most
of them have become smaller. Because of that it was really hard to fit the parts properly.
Anyhow at the end we got a good knowledge about wood working technology which would
be really helpful in our lives.
8/2/2019 Wood Workshop 1
26/26
REFERENCES
http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Malle
t%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woo
d%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woo
dworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Work
bench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
http://www.finewoodworking.com/ToolGuide/ToolGuidePDF.aspx?id=26251
http://www.technologystudent.com/equip1/mgauge1.htm
http://tenonsaw.net/
http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Chisels/wood_chisels.htm
More Levels from Amazon.com
More Squares from Amazon.com
http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Measuring%20Tools/measuring_tools.htm#Levels
Woodcraft.com - Over 10,000 Woodworking Products. Shop Woodcraft Today.
http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Clamps/clamps.htm
http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clam
ping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clam
ping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
http:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints
/Batch%20Production.htm
http://www6.district125.k12.il.us/teched/Courses/TDresources/WoodJoints.html
http://www.nafi.com.au
http://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://www.finewoodworking.com/ToolGuide/ToolGuidePDF.aspx?id=26251http://www.finewoodworking.com/ToolGuide/ToolGuidePDF.aspx?id=26251http://www.technologystudent.com/equip1/mgauge1.htmhttp://www.technologystudent.com/equip1/mgauge1.htmhttp://tenonsaw.net/http://tenonsaw.net/http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Chisels/wood_chisels.htmhttp://www.sawdustmaking.com/Chisels/wood_chisels.htmhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=sawdust-20&path=tg/browse/-/569070http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=sawdust-20&path=tg/browse/-/569070http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=sawdust-20&path=tg/browse/-/569088http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=sawdust-20&path=tg/browse/-/569088http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Measuring%20Tools/measuring_tools.htm#Levelshttp://www.sawdustmaking.com/Measuring%20Tools/measuring_tools.htm#Levelshttp://www.woodcraft.com/AffiliateWiz/aw.aspx?B=13&A=35&Task=Click&TargetURL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.woodcraft.com%2ffamily.aspx%3fFamilyID%3d3721http://www.woodcraft.com/AffiliateWiz/aw.aspx?B=13&A=35&Task=Click&TargetURL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.woodcraft.com%2ffamily.aspx%3fFamilyID%3d3721http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Clamps/clamps.htmhttp://www.sawdustmaking.com/Clamps/clamps.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://www6.district125.k12.il.us/teched/Courses/TDresources/WoodJoints.htmlhttp://www6.district125.k12.il.us/teched/Courses/TDresources/WoodJoints.htmlhttp://www.nafi.com.au/http://www.nafi.com.au/http://www.nafi.com.au/http://www6.district125.k12.il.us/teched/Courses/TDresources/WoodJoints.htmlhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Joints/Batch%20Production.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Vise%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Clamping/Clamp%20%28tool%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://www.sawdustmaking.com/Clamps/clamps.htmhttp://www.woodcraft.com/AffiliateWiz/aw.aspx?B=13&A=35&Task=Click&TargetURL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.woodcraft.com%2ffamily.aspx%3fFamilyID%3d3721http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Measuring%20Tools/measuring_tools.htm#Levelshttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=sawdust-20&path=tg/browse/-/569088http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=sawdust-20&path=tg/browse/-/569070http://www.sawdustmaking.com/Chisels/wood_chisels.htmhttp://tenonsaw.net/http://www.technologystudent.com/equip1/mgauge1.htmhttp://www.finewoodworking.com/ToolGuide/ToolGuidePDF.aspx?id=26251http://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Workbench%20%28woodworking%29%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Woodworking%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Wood%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://c/Users/HP/Documents/Engineering%20ebooks/Work%20Shop/Wood%20eBooks/Mallet%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm