wonders.ppt

8/10/2019 wonders.ppt

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Elaborated by:Bivol Elena


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Various lists of the Wonders of the Worldhave been compiled over the ages to catalogue

the most spectacular man-made constructionsand natural sites in the world.The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is therst known list of the most remarkable man-made creations of antiquit! and was based onguide-books popular among "reek sight-seers

and onl includes works located around the#editerranean rim.


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The number seven was

chosen because the"reeks believed it to bethe representation of

perfection and plent.#an similar lists havebeen made! including

lists for the #edievalWorld and the #odernWorld.$ the time "reecebecame powerful%classical "reece&! these

had been built. #ostwere not built b the"reeks themselves! butthe appreciated themanwa.


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The Great Pyramid of GizaThe Great Pyramid of Giza! alsocalled Khufu's Pyramidor thePyramid of Khufu! and Pyramidof Cheops! is the oldest andlargest of the three pramids inthe "i'a (ecropolis borderingwhat is now )airo! *gpt! and is

the onl remaining member of theSeven Wonders of the AncientWorld. +t is believed the pramidwas built as a tomb for ,ourthdnast *gptian ing hufu%)heops in "reek& and constructedover a / ear period concludingaround 25! BC. The "reat0ramid was the tallest man-madestructure in the world for over1!2// ears. 3riginall the "reat0ramid was covered b casingstones that formed a smoothouter surface! and what is seentoda is the underling core

structure.


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The Hanging Gardens of

BabylonThe #an$in$ Gardens ofBabylon!! near present-daAl 4illah in +raq %formerl$ablon&! is considered oneof the original SevenWonders of the World. Thewere built b

(ebuchadne''ar ++ around!! BC. 4e is reported tohave constructed thegardens to please his wife!Amities of #edia! who longedfor the trees and fragrantplants of her homeland

0ersia. The gardens weredestroed b severalearthquakes after the ndcentur $).


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The lush 4anging "ardens are e5tensivel documented b"reek historians such as Strabo and 6iodorus Siculus. An ideasimilar to Archimedes7 water screw was used as a process ofraising the water to the required height. (ebuchadne''ar ++also used massive slabs of stone! which was unheard of in$ablon! to prevent the water from eroding the ground. (oone knows what happened to the ruins of the gardens.


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The Statue of Zeus at

OlympiaThe %tatue of &eus atlympiawas one of the SevenWonders of the Ancient World. +twas made b the "reek sculptorof the )lassical period! 0hidias!circa()2 BCon the site where itwas erected in the temple of

8eus! 3lmpia! "reece.The seated statue! some 9metres %1: feet& tall! occupiedthe whole width of the aisle ofthe temple built to house it. ;+tseems that if 8eus were to standup!; the geographer Strabo

noted earl in the rst centur$)! ;he would unroof thetemple.


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8eus was a sculpture! made ofivor and gold-plated bron'e.(o cop has survived! thoughthere are recogni'able butappro5imate versions on coinsof *lis and =oman coins! but aver detailed description of thesculpture and the throne wasrecorded b the traveler0ausanias.

The circumstances of itseventual destruction are asource of debate> the eleventh-centur $'antine historian"eorgios edrenos recordedthe tradition that it was carriedo? to )onstantinople! where it

was destroed in the great reof the @auseion! in BC. 3thersargue that it perished with thetemple when it burned in CA6.


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The Tomb of Mausolus at

HalicarnassusThe *omb of +ausolus! was atomb built between )5) and )5!$) at 4alicarnassus in Turke! for+ausolus! a "overnor in the0ersian *mpire! and his wife and

sister. The structure was designedb the "reek architects Satrosand 0this. +t stood appro5imatelC metres %91C ft& in height! andeach of the four sides wasadorned with sculptural reliefscreated b each one of four "reeksculptors who worked on it.#ausol-eion used to mean Dtombof #ausolus< but now the wordmausoleum has since come to beused genericall for an grandtomb! such as the TaE #ahal.


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A series of earthquakes shattered the columns around9/ A6 and onl the ver base of the #ausoleum was

still recogni'able. +n the earl fteenth centur! thenights of St Fohn of #alta invaded the region and built amassive castle called $odrum )astle. When the decidedto fortif it in 9:! the used the stones of the#ausoleum. Sections of polished marble from the tombcan still be seen there toda.


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The Colossus of hodesThe Colossus of ,hodeswas a statue of the "reekgod 4elios! erected on the"reek island of =hodes b)hares of @indos between2-2 and 2.! BC. +t is

considered one of theSeven Wonders of theAncient World. $efore itsdestruction! the )olossus of=hodes stood over 1/meters %9/B ft& high!making it one of the talleststatues of the ancient

world. +t was made of solidbron'e and stood watchover the harbour.


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The statue snapped at the knees and fell over on to theland. 0tolem +++ o?ered to pa for the reconstruction of thestatue! but the oracle of 6elphi made the =hodians afraid

that the had o?ended 4elios! and the declined to rebuildit. The remains la on the ground as described b Strabo forover 2// ears! and even broken! the were so impressivethat man traveled to see them. 0lin the *lder remarkedthat few people could wrap their arms around the fallenthumb and that each of its ngers was larger than moststatues.

+n HC an Arab force under #uslim caliph #uawiah +captured =hodes and melted down the scrap metal.


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The !ighthouse at

"le#andriaThe /i$hthouse of0le1andriawas a tower builtin the 1rd centur $)%between 2.5 and 2($)&on the island of 0haros inAle5andria harbour! to serve

as that port7s landmark! andlater! its lighthouse.With a height variouslestimated at between 99C and9C/ m %12/ and :/ ft& it wasamong the tallest man-madestructures on *arth for man

centuries.There are ancient claims thelight from the lighthouse couldbe seen from up to 1C mi%CH km& awa.


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The two earthquakes in 91/1 and 911! damaged thelighthouse and it toppled over. *ven the remnants disappeared

in 92/! when the Sultan of *gpt built a medieval fort on theformer location of the building! using some of the fallen stone.The remnants of the lighthouse that were incorporated into thewalls of ,ort Iaitbe are still clearl visible due to theire5cessive si'e in comparison to surrounding masonr.


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wonders.ppt