WOMEN’S MOVEMENT

LOWELL MILLS• Some were not over ten years old; a

few were in middle life, but the majority were between the ages of sixteen and twenty -five.

• The most prevailing incentive to labor was to secure the means of education for some male member of the family.

• They were paid two dollars a week. The working hours of all the girls extended from five o'clock in the morning until seven in the evening, with one half hour each, for breakfast and dinner.

DOROTHEA DIX• An advocate for

improvements in the treatment of patients suffering from mental and emotional disorders

• The mentally ill should be provided therapy, books, music, recreation and, above all, meaningful work

• During the Civil War she served as Superintendent of United States Army Nurses

• For this purpose, it is needful that certain relations be sustained, which involve the duties of subordination. There must be the magistrate and the subject, one of whom is the superior, and the other the inferior. There must be the relations of husband and wife, parent and child, teacher and pupil, employer and employed, each involving the relative duties of subordination. The superior, in certain particulars, is to direct, and the inferior is to yield obedience. Society could never go forward, harmoniously, nor could any craft or profession be successfully pursued, unless these superior and subordinate relations be instituted and sustained.

CATHERINE BEECHER

• A Treatise on Domestic Economy, For the Use of Young Ladies at Home, and At School - This book has been called the first complete guide to house-keeping published in America

• There is nothing, which has a more abiding influence on the happiness of a family, than the preservation of equable and cheerful temper and tones in the housekeeper. A woman, who is habitually gentle, sympathizing.

CULT OF DOMESTICITY

• In civil and political affairs, American women take no interest or concern, except so far as they sympathize with their family and personal friends; but in all cases, in which they do feel a concern, their opinions and feelings have a consideration, equal, or even superior, to that of the other sex.

• In matters pertaining to the education of their children, in the selection and support of a clergyman; in all benevolent enterprises, and in all questions relating to morals or manners, they have a superior influence

SOJOURNER TRUTH

• She agitated for the inclusion of blacks in the Union Army.• Involved in the

issue of women's suffrage• Fought for land

to resettle freed slaves

HARRIETT BEECHER STOWE

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin opened up the realities of slavery to the entire world.• Created an

integrated school in Florida

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

• "Because man and woman are the complement of one another, we need woman's thought in national affairs to make a safe and stable government.“• She wanted to link

women’s suffrage to black suffrage.

WOMEN’S MOVEMENT

• Two key “beginning” factors• Women moving into the workforce• Money, labor force to reckon’ with

• Opening of western land• New opportunities to prove oneself• General expansion of democratic

principles• Less influencing agents• The first two states• Wyoming – political ploy backfires

on the Democrats• Utah – Mormon effort to get good

PR

WHY NOT ON THE EAST COAST?

• Why not in the land of diversity and liberalism?• Liquor lobby – women were always the most

vocal on this issue• Business leaders – too many of the workers

may be able to influence politicians by joining labor unions

• Immigrant groups – wasn’t in the culture of some groups

• The political machine – could women be controlled

• The South – if you admit discrimination against women then what about blacks?• Many of these states never ratified the 19th

Amendment

SENECA FALLS RESOLUTIONS

• woman is man's equal• to speak, and teach, as she has an

opportunity, in all religious assemblies• sacred right to the elective franchise• all laws which place her in a position

inferior to that of man, are contrary to the great precept of nature• the same amount of virtue, delicacy,

and refinement of behavior, that is required of woman in the social state, should also be required of man

LIST OF ABUSES• He has never permitted her to exercise

her inalienable right to the elective franchise.• He has compelled her to submit to laws,

in the formation of which she had no voice.• He has withheld from her rights which

are given to the most ignorant and degraded men—both natives and foreigners.• He closes against her all the avenues to

wealth and distinction• He has denied her the facilities for

obtaining a thorough education

• Equal Rights Amendment• Section 1. Equality of rights under the law

shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.

• Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

• Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.

• The ERA was introduced into every session of Congress between 1923 and 1972.

• Only 35 states ratified it.