Women Speak Out On Gender Mainstreaming: Kenya

8/2/2019 Women Speak Out On Gender Mainstreaming: Kenya

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qnf jbfla" biqh cvqhihdhvp ehabfp cip}fucelf qh qnf `hddvibqbfp) @hddvibqbfp bi qnf pb~ qucipf`q

cufcp? F, JM cia N bi Kfbrh Abpqub`q cia D, D cia W bi Dcuck}fq Abpqub`q afzflhwfa `hipqbqvqbhip qh

mvbaf qnf jhudcqbhi hj qnfpf `hhuabicqbim ehabfp,}nb`n }bll ef ufmbpqfufa cp biafwfiafiq IMHp)

Qhw? Dfdefup hj Qvbrhmcc Dvlqb Wvuwhpf Muhvw) Db~fa muhvwp

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qnfbu `hddvibqr) Ehqqhd? C rhvim mbul ehcuafu cq qnf if}lr evblq

ehcuabim pf`qbhi hj Irc}c Wubdcur p`nhhl) Wuhzbpbhi hj ehcuabim

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2

Dcbipqufcdbim ]hdfi‒p Iffap

PCUAFW K*D‒p afzflhwdfiq pqucqfmr bi`huwhucqfp cp c fiqucl heof`qbzf, qnf mhcl hj

fdwh}fubim }hdfi) Qnf whbiq hj afwcuqvuf bp qncq hi dhpq juhiqp, }hdfi cuf dhuf

evuafifa cia nczf lfpp c``fpp qh ufphvu`fp cia af bpbhi dckbim qnci dfi, cq ehqn

nhvpfnhla cia hddvibqr lfzflp) Qh caaufpp qnbp ufclbqr, PCUAFW K*D cahwqp c q}h$

wuhimfa pqucqfmr cbdfa cq biùfcpbim wuhav`qbzbqr cia bdwuhzbim }hdfi‒p c``fpp qh cia

`hiquhl hzfu ufphvu`fp) Qnbp pqucqfmr auc}p juhd Dhpfu‒p .32>2" jucdf}huk jhu mfiafu

wlciibim, }nb`n uf`hmibfp }hdfi‒p qubwlf uhlfp hj ufwuhav`qbhi, wuhav`qbhi cia hd$

dvibqr dcicmfdfiq cia abpqbimvbpnfp efq}ffi qnfbu wuc`qb`cl cia pqucqfmb` iffap)

Cp wcuq hj bqp pqucqfmb` wlciibim f~fu`bpf bi 3222, PCUAFW K*D dcaf c cl`vlcqbhi hjqnf ciqb`bwcqfa bdwc`q hj bqp whlb`r hi mfiafu eclci`f bi qnf qcumfq hddvibqbfp)

C dcqub~ }cp vpfa bi }nb n qnf }hdfi‒p qcpkp }fuf hdebifa }bqn }hdfi‒p iffap

.pff qcelf eflh}") Qnf zfuqb cl c~bp ufjlf qp }hdfi‒p qcpkp, cqfmhubfa biqh wuhav qbzf

qcpkp, ufwuhav qbzf qcpkp cia hddvibqr qcpkp) Qnf nhubhiqcl c~bp ufjlf qp }hdfi‒p

iffap, ehqn wuc qb cl cia pqucqfmb ) Cq fc`n uhpp pf qbhi hj qcpkp cia iffap qnf PCUAFW

dcicmfdfiq jhudvlcqfa qnf f~wf qfa mfiafu bdwc q)

]hdfi iffa qf`nihlhmbfpqncq biùfcpf qnf wuhav`qbzbqrhj lcehvu) Qnbp }bll ficelfqnfd qh ah dhuf }bqn lfpp

fjjhuq cia qnvp fcpf qnfevuafi hj lcehvu)

,,

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]hdfi iffa fsvclwcuqb`bwcqbhi biaf`bpbhi dckbim)

Wuhav`qbzf qcpkp ]hdfi ah dhpq hj qnfjcud }huk }nblf dfi`hiquhl jcud cppfqpcia pclfp)

Ufwuhav qbzf qcpkp Qnfpf cuf cldhpq fiqbuflr}hdfi‒p qcpkp ) Qnfrbi`lvaf? ucbpbim `nblaufi,wufwcubim jhha, jfq`nbim}cqfu fq`)

@hddvibqr qcpkp ]hdfi `hiqubevqf lcehvuevq cuf hilr dcumbicllrbizhlzfa bi af`bpbhidckbim)

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nczf dv`n bdwc`q bi

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biùfcpf qnf wuhav`qbzbqr hj }hdfi‒p lcehu) Bq }cp abjjb`vlq qh jhufpff

}nfqnfu qnbp }hvla clph ufav`f qnf }huk lhca) Wuhav`qbhi cia

`hipvdwqbhi dbmnq biùfcpf }bqnhvq ufav`bim qnf }hdfi‒p }huklhca)




37

Fimfiafubim PCUAFW K*D‒P Wuhof`q @r`lf

PCUAFW K*D‒p mfiafu whlb`r fiqcblp dcbipqufcdbim }hdfi‒p iffap qnuhvmn qnf wuhof`q pflf`qbhi wuh`favuf) ]nfi wuhof`qfa wuhwhpclp cuf phlb`bqfa juhd `hddvibqbfp, qnf qcumfq muhvw bp euhcalr bijhudfa cehvq qnf afcalbifp cia hi nh} qh jbll qnf wuhwhpcl jhudp) Avubim afpk cwwucbpcl, }nb`n cll pvedbqqfa wuhwhpclp cuf pveof`qfa qh, qnf wuhwhpfa `hddvibqr wuhof`qp cuf pùffifa hi c lcumf zcubfqr hj ùbqfubc) Hif bdwhuqciq `cqfmhur hj ùbqfubc bp uflcqfa qh mfiafu eclci`f) Muhvwp }bqn c lcumfu wfu`fiqcmf hj }hdfi bi qnf mfifucl dfdefupnbw mfq nbmnfu dcukp bi qnf p`hubim) Bi caabqbhi, muhvwp }bqn c nbmnfu wfu`fiqcmf hj }hdfi bi dcicmfdfiq whpbqbhip .`ncbuwfuphi, qufcpvufu hu pfùfqcur" mfq nbmnfu whbiqp)Qnf wufjfu$ fiqbcl qufcqdfiq mbzfi qh muhvwp }bqn dhuf }hdfi dfdefup ncp lfa qh qnf `vuufiq pbqvcqbhi }nfuf ifculr 67& hj qnf wuhof`q dcicmfdfiq `hddbqqff .WD@" dfdefup cuf }hdfi)

Cihqnfu pfq hj ùbqfubc jh`vpfp hi wfujhudci`f whqfiqbcl, jhu bipqci`f qnf

whqfiqbcl hj qnf wuhwhpfa wuhof`q qh bdwuhzf qnf bi`hdf hj jcudfup hu qh pvwwlr pcjf }cqfu) Hqnfu ùbqfubc cuf uflcqfa qh qnf muhvw‒p dhqbzcqbhi cia `cwceblbqbfp qh bdwlfdfiq qnf wuhof`q, bi`lvabim muhvw `hnfpbhi, pbf cia wuhhj hj dfdefupnbw, `hddvibqr `hiqubevqbhi fq`) Cjqfu nczbim p`hufa cll wuhof`qp hi cll qnf ubqfubc, qnf wuhof`qp cuf ucikfa cia qnf hifp }bqn qnf nbmnfpq p`huf cuf pflf`qfa jhu qnf if~q cwwucbpcl uhvia) Bi qnfhur bq bp whppbelf qncq muhvwp }bqn dfi hilr mfq PCUAFW K*D pvwwhuq) Bi wuc`qb`f nh}fzfu, qnbp bp zfur ucuf)

Cjqfu qnf afpk cwwucbpcl, qnf wuhwhpclp cuf pveof`qfa qh c jbfla cwwucbpcl)Qnf wvuwhpf hj qnf jbfla cwwucbpcl bp qh `nf`k }nfqnfu qnf `lcbdp dcaf bi

qnf wuhwhpcl cuf dcq`nfa er jc`qp hi qnf muhvia) C `hiabqbhi jhu PCUAFW K*D pvwwhuq bp qncq cq lfcpq 27& hj qnf dfdefup cqqfia qnf jbfla cwwucbpcl)Qnf lbpq hj wcuqb`bwciqp bp `hdwcufa }bqn qnf dfdefupnbw lbpq cqqc`nfa qh qnf wuhwhpcl)

Bj qnf wuhwhpcl bp c``fwqfa, qnf uvlf hj 27& cqqfiaci`f hiqbivfp qh ef cwwlbfa qh cll bdwhuqciq af`bpbhip qckfi er qnf muhvw, bi`lvabim qnf afpbmi hj c afqcbl wuhof`q bdwlfdfiqcqbhi p`nfavlf, qnf pbmibim hj c jviabim cmuffdfiq }bqn PCUAFW K*D cia qnf wuhof`q‒p fzclvcqbhi) Qnf ufcphi bp qh wufzfiq bijlvfiqbcl biabzbavclp juhd „nbmn$oc`kbim‒ qnf wuhof`q cia dcumbiclbbim }hdfi cia hqnfu wfhwlf }nh cuf qucabqbhicllr ihq cp }fll fiqufi`nfa bi `hddvibqr

af`bpbhi dckbim)

Qnf wuhof`q muhvw dcicmfdfiq `hddbqqffp nczf c lcumf ivdefu hj uf$ pwhipbeblbqbfp) Qnfr cuf pbmicqhubfp qh qnf ecik c``hviq hi }nb`n wuhof`q dhifr bp ecikfa, bi`lvabim qnf `hiqubevqbhi er PCUAFW K*D, qnfr nczf qh dheblbf `hddvibqr lcehvu cia jviap) Qnfr clph nczf qh dckf wuh`vuf$ dfiqp, kffw qnf ehhk hj c``hviqp cia ufwhuq qh qnf muhvw cp }fll cp qh PCUAFW K*D) Qnfr nczf qh cqqfia PCUAFW K*D wuh`vufdfiq `hddbq$ qff dffqbimp jhu wuh`vufdfiqp qncq f~`ffa Kpn 67,777) Ef`cvpf hj qnf lcumf ufpwhipbeblbqbfp zfpqfa hi qnfbu pnhvlafup PCUAFW K*D bizfpqp `hipbafucelr bi qnf qucbibim hj qnf dcicmfdfiq `hddbqqffp)




33

Qnf Mfiafu Whll

]nblf mfiafu eclci`fa afzflhwdfiq bp c kfr mhcl hj PCUAFW K*D, bq bp abjjb`vlq qhcppfpp qnf c`qvcl bdwc`q hj qnf wuhmucddf‒p biqfuzfiqbhip bi ncua acqc) Fzbafi`f hj`ncimfp bi qnf eclci`f hj wh}fu efq}ffi dfi cia }hdfi bp abjjb`vlq qh heqcbi qnuhvmn“p bfiqbjb`— hepfuzcqbhi }bqnbi qnf nhvpfnhlap hu muhvw dffqbimp ef`cvpf qnf hepfuzfu}hvla nczf qh bijubimf hi qnf wubzc`r hj wfhwlf cia qnbp }hvla clph abpqhuq ufclbqr)PCUAFW K*D qnfufjhuf af`bafa qh cuur hvq ci hwbibhi whll, wubdcublr cdhim }hdfi,qh jbia hvq }ncq qnfbu iffap }fuf cia }ncq qnf wuhmucddf hvla ah qh dffq qnfpfiffap) Q}h hipvlqciqp }fuf ufùvbqfa qh cuur hvq qnf f~fu bpf)

Qnf jbiabimp hj qnf mfiafu whll }fuf qh ufjlf`q?‥ Qnf c qvcl pbqvcqbhi hi mfiafu eclci`f cia }hdfi‒p fdwh}fudfiq;‥ PCUAFW K*D‒p hiqubevqbhi qh qnbp pbqvcqbhi;‥ Uf`hddfiacqbhip cehvq PCUAFW K*D‒p pqucqfmr qh caaufpp mfiafu‒p iffap;‥ C ivdefu hj bllvpqucqbzf cpf pqvabfp)

Dfqnhahlhmr Bi hipvlqcqbhi }bqn qnf PCUAFW K*D qfcd, c pflf`qbhi }cp dcaf hj qnf ufwufpfiqc$qbzfp juhd qnf qcumfq muhvwp qh ef bizbqfa jhu biqfuzbf}p) Bi huafu qh hzfu qnf abzfupbqr hj`hddvibqr wuhof`qp, bq }cp af bafa qncq c uflcqbzflr lcumf ivdefu hj muhvwp pnhvla ef`hipvlqfa) Qnf pcdwlf hj muhvwp cia biabzbavclp qh ef biqfuzbf}fa qhhk biqh c``hviq qnfzcubhvp bipqbqvqbhicl lfzflp cq }nb`n PCUAFW K*D }hukp, qnf mfhmucwnb`cl hi`fiquc$qbhi cufcp .qucipf`qp" cia qnf pf`qhucl abzfupbqr hj wuhof`qp hi qnf muhvia) C``huabimlrqnf muhvwp nhpfi bi`lvafa q}h hj qnf uf`fiqlr jhudfa hddvibqr IMHp .jhudfulrkih}i cp Qucipf`q Cufc @hddbqqffp .QC@" cia hddvibqr ecpfa wuhof`q muhvwp juhdehqn abpqub`qp) Qnf wuhof`q muhvwp whllfa }fuf wubdcublr }hdfi‒p muhvwp, evq c ivdefuhj db~fa .dclf cia jfdclf" muhvwp }fuf pflf qfa .pff eh~ 5") Qnf pf qhup ufwufpfiqfa er

qnf muhvwp ucimfa juhd cmub`vlqvuf cia lbzfpqh`k c`qbzbqbfp qh lcumf }cqfu wuhof`qp ciap`nhhl afzflhwdfiq)

Qnf Whll }cp dcbilr cuubfa hvq qnuhvmn pfdb$pquv`qvufa biqfuzbf}p) Bi c jf} cpfp }nfufqnf muhvwp }fuf lcumf, c zcubfqr hj qhhlp }fuf bi`huwhucqfa qh nflw pqbdvlcqf ciapquv`qvuf qnf abp`vppbhip) Fc`n muhvw abp`vppbhi pqcuqfa }bqn c mfifucl eubfjbim hi qnfnbpqhur cia qnf jvi`qbhibim hj qnf muhvw, jhllh}fa er svfpqbhip hi c pflf`qbhi hj mfiafu

uflcqfa bppvfp) Qnflcumf pcdwlf lfa qh cufpqub`qbhi hi qbdfczcblcelf wfu muhvw,

nh}fzfu, cia ihq cllmfiafu uflcqfa bppvfp`hvla ef caaufppfa}bqn fc`n muhvw) Qnfjc`blbqcqhup qubfa qhjhudvlcqf qnf svfp$qbhip cp hwfilr cpwhppbelf evq phdf hjqnf ivci`fp dbmnqnczf effi lhpq, cpquciplcqbhi biqh qnflh`cl lcimvcmf }cpphdfqbdfp if fppcur) Dfdefup hj Kbwlcecb ]hdfi _fuh$mucbim Muhvw dffq cq qnf nhdf hj hif dfdefu)

Qnf wuhof`q ncp zcpqlr biùfcpfa }hdfi‒p `hijbafi`f cp qnfr cuf ih} mfifucqbim

c pbmibjb`ciq caabqbhicl bi`hdf jhu qnf nhvpfnhla)




35

Avubim qnf jbupq biqfuzbf}, uhvia bijhudcqbhi }cp mcqnfufa cehvq qnf c`qvcl mfiafupbqvcqbhi, qnf mfiafu bdwc`q hj PCUAFW K*D‒p pqucqfmr cia qnf uf`hddfiacqbhip jhujvqvuf pqucqfmr) Qnf pf`hia uhvia hj biqfuzbf}p }cp dhuf bi$afwqn cia hzfufa qnf bppvfphj fav`cqbhi cia bipf`vubqr, }hdfi bi lfcafupnbw cia q}h jhha pf`vubqr muhvwp bafiqbjbfaer PCUAFW K*D cp efbim wcuqb`vlculr zvlifucelf)

Qnf ivdefup hj }hdfi cia dfi hipvlqfa bp wufpfiqfa bi qnf qcelf eflh}, evq bq ahfpihq if`fppcublr ufjlf`q qnf wcuqb bwcqbhi juhd ehqn pf~fp avubim qnf biqfuzbf}p) Bi phdf`cpfp, }nfuf dfi qfiafa qh ahdbicqf qnf abp`vppbhip, bq }cp if`fppcur qh f~wlb bqlr cpk}hdfi jhu qnfbu zbf}p) Bi hqnfu cpfp ehqn dfi cia }hdfi hiqubevqfa fsvcllr)

Icdf hj qnf muhvw

KBPCAH .IMH"

Qvbrhmcc Dvlqbwvuwhpf Muhvw

WLVW `hddbqqff, @nfwpbmhq

Irc}c Wubdcur P`nhhl @hddbqqff

Dbiablbl}h W) P`nhhl @hddbqqff

@nvmhu ]cqfu Wuhof`q

@nvmhu W) P`nhhl nfca qfc`nfu

@nfwkhm ]hdfi‒p Muhvw

UCAH .IMH"

Kbwpcbrc Pbpbrc ]cqfu Wuhof`q

Kbwlcecb _fuh$mucbim ]hdfi‒pmuhvw

Dbiablbl}h _fuh$mucbim Muhvw

@nfebirbir Mhha Pf`vubqr Muhvw

Fdpfc Jhha Pf`vubqr Muhvw

]hdfi WD@ dfdefup

Pve$Lh`cqbhi ciaAbpqub`q

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Bqfi, Qucipf`q N, Kfbrh

@nfwpbmhq, Qucipf`qJM, Kfbrh

Fdpfc, Qucipf`q F,Kfbrh

@nfwqfeh, ]hdfi‒p`hijbafi`f evblabim}hukpnhw

@hdwhpbqbhi hjWD@ }bqn mfiafuucqbh .}hdfi$dfi"

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Jhu qnfpf muhvwp hilr qnf qnuff kfr f~f`vqbzf whpbqbhip }bqnbi qnf WD@ cuf mbzfi

P`nhhl dffqbimp cuf hwfi qh cll wcufiqp bi qnf p`nhhl




30

Bi huafu qh wcbiq c hnfufiq wb`qvuf hj qnf mfiafu pbqvcqbhi bi Kfbrh cia Dcuck}fq qnfmfiafu hwbibhi whll wcuqb`bwciqp }fuf cpkfa qh ufjlf`q hi c ivdefu hj jc`qhup qncq biab`cqfqnf mfiafu pbqvcqbhi }bqnbi c ph bfqr) Qnf jc`qhup abp`vppfa }fuf?

C) C``fpp cia hiquhl hzfu ecpb ufphvu`fp .bi`hdf, lcia, kih}lfamf, icqvucl ufphvu`fp"E) Abzbpbhi hj lcehvu cia qbdf efq}ffi dfi cia }hdfi@) Fav`cqbhi .fiuhldfiq cia wfujhudci`f hj mbulp cia ehrp"A) ]hdfi‒p wnrpb cl cvqhihdrF) ]hdfi bi lfcafupnbw

Jhu fc`n hj qnfpf jc`qhup, qnf wufzcblbim pbqvcqbhi cia qnf mfiafu uflcqfa bdwc`qp hj qnfPCUAFW K*D wuhmucddf cuf mbzfi eflh})

C) C``fpp qh cia hiquhl hzfu ufphvu`fp

C``huabim qh bdwc`q cppfppdfiq pqcqbpqb`p jhu PCUAFW K*D, qnfuf ncp effi ci bdwuhzf$dfiq bi qnf ivdefup hj }hdfi bi wuhof`q muhvwp $$ ubpbim juhd 1>& hj dfdefupnbw bi5777 qh 60& bi 5773) Bi qfudp hj lfcafupnbw hj wuhof`qp, qnf wfu`fiqcmf hj }hdfi biWuhof`q Dcicmfdfiq @hddbqqffp .WD@p", }cp 1=& bi 5773, c afùfcpf juhd qnf jbmvuf hj6=6 bi 5777)

WHPBQBZF UFPVLQP C@NBFZFA BI PHDF

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31

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36

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Qbdf pwfiq bi jfq`nbim }cqfu, hif hj qnf dhpq dviacif cia qbdf hipvdbim acblr qcpkpjhu }hdfi, ncp effi ufav`fa hipbafucelr bi dcir wlc`fp, avf qh PCUAFW K*D pvwwhuqjhu c zcubfqr hj }cqfu wuhof`qp) Qnfpf bi lvaf lcumf p`clf muczbqr p`nfdfp qncq wuhzbaf }cqfuwhbiqp ifcu dfdefup‒ nhdfp cia biabzbavcl uhhj cq`ndfiq prpqfdp) Qnf qbdf pczfa bp`nciifllfa biqh dhuf wuhav`qbzf c`qbzbqbfp, pv`n cp qnf muh}bim hj zfmfqcelfp) Qnf }hdfiqnfufjhuf jffl qnfr pqbll nczf c nfczr }huklhca, clqnhvmn qnfr cwwuf bcqf qncq qnfbu lcehvu`ci ih} mh biqh bi`hdf mfifucqbim c`qbzbqbfp)

]cqfu wuhof`qp jhud c dcohu hdwhifiq hj PCUAFW K*D pvwwhuq jhu hddvibqr muhvwp, }nb`n

ncp mufcqlr fcpfa }hdfi‒p evuafi jhu `hllf`qbim }cqfu) Cehzf Lfjq? Pqfllc Kbwrcqhu, c dfdefu hj

qnf Khbkf Jhha Pf`vubqr Muhvw, Kfbrh, bp ncwwr qh cppbpq ci flafulr ifbmnehvu) Ubmnq? C }cqfu

ocu cq qnf nhdf hj c Kbwlcecb _fuh$mucbim Wuhof`q dfdefu, bi Dcuck}fq)




3>

Fp cwbim JMD 36 rfcu hla Dcuqnc juhd Dcuck}fq Abpqub`q cuubzfa qbufa cia avpqr cq qnf ]hula Zbpbhi `hdwhvia bi Qhq,

Dcuck}fq Abpqub`q, c``hdwcibfa er q}h rhvimfu mbulp) Qnf mbulp nca fp`cwfa }bqn hilr qnf `lhqnfp qnfr }fuf }fcubim hi ufclbpbim qncq qnfbu jcdblbfp }fuf cehvq qh jhu`f qnfd qh viafumh JMD [Qnf qucabqbhicl `fufdhibfp qckf wlc`f jhu ehqn mbulp cia ehrp fzfur Af`fdefuT) Hif hj qnf mbulp, hilr ibif rfcup hla, nca pwfiq qnuff ibmnqp clhif bi qnf evpn efjhuf ufc`nbim qnf `fiquf) Qnf mbulp nca nfcua qncq qnfuf }cp c }hdcibi Qhq .c nfcaqfc`nfu" }nh wuhzbafa pnflqfu qh mbulp cia qnfr nca `hdf qh cpk jhu nfu nflw)

Nfu hlafu pbpqfu, }nh nca viafumhif qnf ubqvcl, nca qhla Dcuqnc, qncq `bu`vd`bpbhi }cp eca cia pnf }cp

afqfudbifa ihq qh viafumh bq) Pnf lbfa qh nfu jcdblr qncq pnf }hvla jbibpn nfu f~cdp cia qnfi mh jhu qnf ubqvcl }bqn hqnfu mbulp juhd nfu zbllcmf) Nfu qfc`nfu qhhk nfu qh qnf lh`cl wcpqhu, }nh bi qvui pfiq nfu qh Qhq)Qnf mbul‒p ncuuh}bim f~wfubfi`f }cp dcaf }hupf er qnf jc`q qncq nfu jcdblr }cp ufpwhipbelf) “Dr euhqnfup qnufcqfifa qh evui qnf nhvpf hj dr pbpqfu }nh }cp nflwbim df cia dr dhqnfu pfiq wfhwlf qh qfll df pnf }hvla kbll nfupflj bj B }fiq qnuhvmn bq,— pnf pcrp) Dcuqnc }cp wcuqb`vlculr vwpfq cehvq qnf `vlqvucl bipquv`qbhi qncq mbulp viafumh cp wcuq hj qnf ubqvcl) “Qnfr qfc`n mbulp nh} qh ef }bqn dfi cia phdf cuf cp

rhvim cp fbmnq rfcup,— pnf f~wlcbip) Cp c ehui cmcbi `nubpqbci pnf pcba pnf }cp `hijvpfa ef`cvpf “}nr }hvla Ofpvp whvu nbp elhha jhu dr pckf cia qnfi B nczf qh pwbll dr elhha cmcbi8—

Qnf mbulp }fuf cdhim c „lv`kr‒ jf} qncq nca fp`cwfa qnf ubqvcl, cq lfcpq jhu qnf dhdfiq) Dup Uhpf Kblbdh,qnf ciqb JMD c`qbzbpq cia nfcaqfc`nfu hj Qhq wubdcur p`nhhl uf`fbzfa 33 hqnfu mbulp }nh nca uvi c}cr

juhd qnfbu nhdfp lcpq Af`fdefu) Pnf humcibfa }bqn lh`cl `nvu`nfp qh nhpq qnf mbulp jhu qnf }nhlf dhiqn) Bi

caabqbhi, qnf mbulp viafu}fiq ci clqfuicqbzf ubqf hj wcppcmf qncq bp jc`blbqcqfa er qnf ]hula Zbpbhi @fiquf cq Qhq fzfur Af`fdefu ) Evq qnf mbulp jc`f c elfck jvqvuf) Qnfr }hvla nczf qh mh ec`k qh qnfbu nhdfp bi qnf if}

rfcu, nhwbim qncq qnfbu jcdblbfp }hvla c``fwq qnfd ec`k) Phdf dbmnq nczf qh lbzf }bqn uflcqbzfp cia dcr ef vicelf qh mh ec`k qh p`nhhl bj qnfbu jcdblbfp ufjvpf qh pvwwhuq qnfd)

“]bjf

efcqbimncp mhif

ah}i er

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ih} pff

qncq qnfbu

}bzfp cuf

dckbim c

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qbhi#—C dclf wuhof q

muhvw dfdefu,Dcuck}fq

Bi mfifucl, }hdfi aba c`kih}lfamf qncq dfi ih}cacrpah dhuf bi qnf nhvpfnhla qnci qnfr vpfa qh) Clqnhvmn}hdfi‒p }huklhca bp pqbll mufcqfu, dcir biqfuzbf}ffp pcbaqncq qnfbu nvpeciap }fuf ih} }bllbim qh qckf cuf hj qnfnhdf bj qnf }bjf nca qh cqqfia c dffqbim) Ovambim erqnf f~cdwlfp mbzfi, bq cwwfcup qncq dfi }bll hilr qckfhzfu pv`n ahdfpqb qcpkp hi ci f~`fwqbhicl ecpf cia qncq}nfi ehqn hj qnfd cuf cq nhdf, qnfpf qcpkp bddfabcqflrpnbjq ec`k qh qnf }hdci) Hif dci pcba nf }hvla ef}bllbim qh hhk “ )))bj }f }hvla nczf c dhafui kbq`nfi}nfuf bq mfqp lfpp pdhkr cia abuqr)— Evq qnf kbq`nfi }cphif ahdcbi qncq fzfi qnf }hdfi aba ihq }ciq qnf dfiqh qckf hzfu)

Qnf jc`q qncq qnfuf ncp effi c pnbjq, ih dcqqfu nh}plbmnq, bi qnf abzbpbhi hj qcpkp }bqnbi qnf nhvpfnhla, bpci bdwhuqciq jbupq pqfw qh}cuap cqqbqvabicl ncimf) Qnbp

biab`cqfp c uc`k bi qnf qucabqbhicllr afjbifa abzbpbhi hjnhvpfnhla avqbfp, c uc`k qncq dbmnq }bafi }bqn qbdf)

Cq qnf hddvibqr lfzfl, qnf qucabqbhicl abzbpbhi hjlcehvu ncp effi ncllfimfa er PCUAFW K*D qnuhvmnmbzbim pvwwhuq qh }hdfi muhvwp cia }hdfi bi dci$cmfdfiq whpbqbhip) Afpwbqf qnfpf pqfwp jhu}cua, bqcwwfcup qncq dfi cuf pqbll dhpqlr bizhlzfa bi hddvibqrlfcafupnbw uhlfp }nblf }hdfi cuf lfjq }bqn hddvibqr dcicmbim uhlfp) Qnf hddvibqrdcicmbim }huk bp ncuc`qfubfa er qnf ufpwhipbeblbqr jhu qnf humcibcqbhi cia dcicmfdfiqhj lh`cl lfzfl muhvwp) Dfi hi qnf hqnfu ncia cuf bizhlzfa bi hddvibqr }huk qnuhvmn

whpbqbhip qncq cuf .biabuf`qlr" dhuf zclvfa bi pqcqvp cia wh}fu, pv`n cp IMH whpbqbhip)

C dci cq }huk hi c fuh$mucbim vibq)

Dfi cuf pqcuqbim qh qckf hi qcpkp qncq

}fuf qucabqbhicllr lfjq qh }hdfi




32

@) ]hdfi‒p Wnrpb`cl CvqhihdrAhdfpqb` zbhlfi`f ufdcbip c aflb cqf pveof q qncq bp ncualr abp`vppbelf bi lcumfu muhvwp)Hif muhvw, }bqn c dcohubqr hj jfdclf wcuqb`bwciqp, fzfi afibfa bqp f~bpqfi`f) Qnf lbqqlfbijhudcqbhi mcqnfufa ahfp ihq cllh} jhu cir fpqbdcqbhi hj qnf „}fbmnq‒ hj qnf wuhelfd cia cdhuf bi afwqn ciclrpbp }hvla ef iffafa) Juhd qnf ufpwhipfp uf`fbzfa bq ci ef hi lvafa

qncq ahdfpqb` zbhlfi`f bp dhuf hddhi bi qnf lfpp jhuqvicqf pf`qbhip hj qcumfq muhvw }nfufwhzfuqr lfcap qh qfipbhip bi qnf nhvpfnhlap, cl`hnhlbpd cia ahdfpqb` zbhlfi`f)

Bi mfifucl, qnf afùfcpf bi ahdfpqb` zbhlfi`f }cp cqqubevqfa qh qnf ufav`qbhi hj whzfuqr.qnuhvmn efqqfu }cqfu czcblceblbqr, bi`hdf mfifucqbhi" cp qnf qfipbhip bi qnf nhvpfnhla qnfiaf ufcpfa) Qnf mfifucl wfu fwqbhi pffdfa qh ef? “]hdfi eubim bi dhifr ih} ph qnfr cuf lfpp efcqfi —) Cihqnfu jc`qhu qncq hvla nczf hiqubevqfa qh qnf afùfcpf bi ahdfpqb` zbhlfi`f,clqnhvmn bq }cp ihq f~wlb`bqlr dfiqbhifa, bp qnf fdwh}fubim fjjf`q hi }hdfi hj qnfbubizhlzfdfiq bi bi`hdf mfifucqbhi) ]hdfi‒p biùfcpfa pflj$`hijbafi`f, cp qnfr ufclbf qnfbukfr whpbqbhi bi ehhpqbim qnfbu jcdblr‒p jbici`bcl pqcqvp, hvla nczf pveqlr clqfufa wh}fuuflcqbhip bi qnf nhdf cia dcaf dfi qufcq }hdfi dhuf ufpwf`qjvllr)

Jfdclf mfibqcl dvqblcqbhi .JMD" cia ehr bu`vd`bpbhicuf qucabqbhicl ubqvclp qncq cuf pqbll`hddhilr wuc`qbpfa bi Kfbrh cia Dcuck}fq) JMD nh}fzfu ci cvpf c lhq hj wcbi cianfclqn hdwlb`cqbhip, ehqn avubim qnf biqfuzfiqbhi cia cq aflbzfur) JMD clph hiqubevqfpqh p`nhhl auhw hvqp cia fculr dcuubcmf jhu mbulp cp qnfr cuf hipbafufa dcqvuf hi`f qnfrnczf viafumhif qnf ubqvcl, }nb`n ci ef cuubfa hvq hi nblaufi cp rhvim cp fbmnq rfcup)Nh}fzfu, JMD }cp pcba qh nczf pqhwwfa cdhim nubpqbci jcdblbfp, }nb`n ci ef cqqubevqfaqh pfipbqbcqbhi fjjhuqp er nvu`nfp) ]nfuf JMD bp pqbll wuc`qbpfa, qnf mfifucl eflbfj qncq bqbp bdwhpfa er jcqnfup hi qnfbu acvmnqfup ahfp ihq qh pffd zclba) C``huabim qh hif muhvwjuhd qnf Kfubh zcllfr, dhqnfup vpvcllr nczf qnf wh}fu qh wufzfiq qnfbu acvmnqfup juhdviafumhbim qnf ubqvcl cp qnfr ci „)))nflw qnf mbul qh fp`cwf)‒ Ciqb$JMD c`qbzbpq juhdDcuck}fq hijbudfa qnbp pcrbim qncq dhqnfup cuf qnf dhpq abjjb`vlq qh hizbi`f cp qnfr ahihq }ciq qh qclk cehvq bq, “… evq jcqnfup cuf cq lfcpq vubhvpcia }ciq qh jbia hvq }nr B cd ph hwwhpfa qh qnf wuc`qb`f)—

Cp }bqn mbulp, bu`vd`bpbhi jhu ehrp cia qnf uflcqfa vlqvucl`fufdhibfp, bp hipbafufa qnf pqcuq hj qnfbu cavlq lbjf) VilbkfJMD, bu`vd bpbhi hj ehrp bp c``fwqfa cùhpp qnf ehcua ciaqnf hilr wuhelfdp qncq }fuf ucbpfa bi uflcqbhi qh ehr bu$`vd bpbhi }fuf abp bwlbicur hifp qncq ci ufpvlq juhd cicuuhmciq cqqbqvaf cjqfu qnf fufdhir)

]nfi cpkfa qh lbpq qnfbu dhpq wufppbim wuhelfdp, qnf jfdclf

dfdefup hj hif jhha pf`vubqr muhvw ucbpfa qnfbu hi`fuipcehvq qnf lc`k hj jcdblr wlciibim pfuzb fp ) Qnuff hj qnf}hdfi, cmfa efq}ffi 07 cia 17 rfcup, nca =, > cia 35`nblaufi ufpwf`qbzflr) Qnf dhqnfu hj 35 pwhkf fdhqbhicllr hjefbim wufmiciq }bqn rfq cihqnfu nbla) Q}h hqnfu }hdfi, biqnfbu fculr q}fiqbfp, clufcar nca jhvu nblaufi fc`n ciaf~wf`qfa qh hiqbivf nczbim dhuf) Hi`f qnf bppvf }cp hvq biqnf hwfi qnf }hdfi f~wufppfa qnfbu lc`k hj nhwf bi afclbim}bqn qnf bppvf hj vi}ciqfa wufmici bfp) Cll hj qnf }hdfi,fzfi qnf rhvimfu hifp, }fuf ihq vpbim hiquc`fwqbzfp cianca ihq uf`fbzfa cir jcdblr wlciibim cazb`f, afpwbqf qnf jc`q

C rhvim Kfbrh dhqnfu }bqn nfu `nblaufi)

PCUAFW K*D ahfp ihq nczf qnf `cwc`bqr

qh caaufpp ufwuhav`qbzf nfclqn bppvfp




57

qncq phdf nca zbpbqfa qnf lh`cl nfclqn fiquf pfzfucl qbdfp) Qnfbu juvpqucqbhi }cp flhsvfiqlrpvddcubpfa er hif dfdefu }nh pcba qncq cll qnf }hdfi }ciqfa }cp “qh ef qhla cehvq cllqnf hwqbhip qncq qnfuf cuf, ph qncq }f ci dckf qnf efpq nhb`f jhu hvupflzfp)—

Bi Dcuck}fq c jfdclf qfc`nfu euhvmnq vw c uflcqfa wuhelfd hj fculr wufmici bfp, cia qnfnbmn ivdefup hj vipcjf cehuqbhip qncq cuf efbim hiav`qfa lh`cllr, cp c ufpvlq)

Vilbkf JMD cia jcdblr wlciibim, }nb`n }fuf euhvmnq vw icqvucllr er biqfuzbf}ffp, NBZ( CBAP }cp ihq qc`klfa avubim qnf Whll, cp biqfuzbf}ffp }fuf uflv`qciq qh qclk cehvq bq, fzfiavubim dffqbimp }bqn jfdclf wcuqb`bwciqp) ]nblf PCUAFW K*D ncp dcaf ci fjjhuq qhviafupqcia qnf bdwlb`cqbhip hj NBZ(CBAP bi qnf q}h abpqub`qp qnuhvmn bibqbcqbim abp`vp$pbhip }bqn qnf Nfclqn Afwcuqdfiq, bq ahfp ihq nczf qnf cwc`bqr qh dckf biqfuzfiqbhip bi

qnbp cufc)

Clqnhvmn qnf biqfuzfi$qbhip hj PCUAFW K*Dcuf hiqubevqbim qh

mfifucl c}cufifpp hjqnfpf bppvfp .qnuhvmn, jhubipqci`f, qnf bi ufcpfac``fpp qh cia hiquhl hzfuufphvu fp er }hdfi ciaqnvp qnfbu muh}bim pflj$`hijbafi`f" qnf Wuh$mucddf ahfp ihq vu$ufiqlr viafuqckf wuhof`qpqh pwf bjb cllr caaufpp}hdfi‒p wnrpb cl cv$

qhihdr) Qnf pveof qp cufqhh hdwlf~ cia vlqvu$cllr affw$uhhqfa qh efbijlvfi`fa cp c pbaf fjjf qhj cihqnfu biqfuzfiqbhi,hu er mfifucl mfiafuc}cufifpp) Qnf phlvqbhipffdp qh lbf bi biùfcpfaifq}hukbim }bqn hqnfucmfi bfp qncq nczf qnf`cwc bqr qh }huk hi qnfpf

bppvfp)

A) Fav`cqbhi

Qnf ufwufpfiqcqbzfp hjp`nhhl `hddbqqffpbiqfuzbf}fa cmuffa qncqhi qnf }nhlf, qnfuf bp cpquhim c}cufifpp hi qnfiffa qh fav`cqf ehqnmbulp cia ehrp) Fiuhl$dfiq ucqbhp cia hqnfufav`cqbhi pqcqbpqb p

“ Qnf

PCUAFW

„cbulbjq‒

mczf df

qnf hw$

whuqvibqr

qh jlr jhu

qnf jbupq

qbdf) Bq bp

qnf mbul

}nh

„qhhk‒ df

qh Icbuheb

er wlcif)—

Dbiablbl}hnfcaqfc`nfu qclkbim cehvq c PCUAFW bi`fiqbzf hj cbuqb`kfqp jhu qnf efpq wfu$ jhudbim wvwblp

Mhbim qnf F~quc Dblf ‑ qnf uhlf hj p`nhhlp bi wuhdhqbim mfiafu fsvbqr Qnf wuhc`qbzf cwwuhc`n viafuqckfi er Dbiablbl}h Wubdcur P`nhhl bi

Bqfi bp ihqf}huqnr) Qnf p`nhhl caaufpp fp qnf vifsvcl abzbpbhi hj }huk efq}ffi ehrp cia mbulp er fipvubim qncq ufpwhipbeblbqbfp cq p`nhhl, jhu bipqci`f pfuzbim p`nhhl lvi`n cia }cpnbim abpnfp cjqfu qnf dfcl, cuf pncufa fsvcllr) Qnbp bp f~qfiafa qh pncubim hj qcpkp cq nhdf er bibqbcqbim abp`vppbhip }bqn wcufiqp hi qnf iffa qh cppbmi dhuf ahdfpqb` nhufp qh ehrp qh cllh} mbulp qh pwfia dhuf qbdf hi qnfbu nhdf}huk cia qnvp wfujhudefqqfu bi p`nhhl) Qnbp }cp biafwfiafiqlr hijbudfa er dfdefup hj cifcuer }hdfi‒p muhvw }nh pcba qncq qnfr }fuf mbzbim dhuf ahdfpqb` qcpkp qh qnfbu phip cp c ufpvlq hj abp`vppbhip hi qnbp bppvf bibqbcqfa er qnf

Dbiablbl}h nfcadcpqfu )

Cdhim hqnfu bibqbcqbzfp, qnf p`nhhl ncp hwfifa c mvbaci`f cia `hvipfllbim hjjb`f qh nflw pqvafiqp }bqn wfuphicl wuhelfdp) Bq clph humcibpfp

ufdfabcl lcppfp jhu }fckfu pqvafiqp cia ncp biquhav`fa c p`nhhl jffabim wuhmucddf, }nb`n ihq hilr fipvufp qncq cll wvwblp mfq ci cafsvcqf dfcl avubim qnf acr, evq clph ficelfp hlafu mbulp, }nh }hvla hqnfu}bpf uvpnnhdf qh dckf lvi`n, qh nczf c eufck avubim qnf acr) Lbkf hqnfu

wuhmufppbzf p`nhhlp, qnf Dbiablbl}h dcicmfdfiq ncp czhbafa qnf qfdwqc$qbhi hj jhu`bim }fckfu pqvafiqp qh ufwfcq viif`fppcublr qh fipvuf qncq

wvwblp ah ihq mfq abp`hvucmfa er nczbim qh cqqfia lcppfp }bqn rhvimfu pqvafiqp) Qnf p`nhhl fi`hvucmfp wvwblp bi hqnfu }crp er mbzbim bi`fiqbzfp

jhu mhha wfujhudci`f) Qnf p`nhhl clph wcrp c lhq hj cqqfiqbhi qh f~quc`vuub`vlcu c`qbzbqbfp .„lfqqbim wvwblp wlcr‒" cia ci hla wvwbl‒p cpph`bcqbhi,

DBP]C, }nb`n pffkp hvq uhlf dhaflp cdhim hlafu pqvafiqp)

]nblf PCUAFW K*D aba ihq nczf c abuf`q bijlvfi`f hi qnfpf dfcpvufp,

qnf nfcaqfc`nfu bqfa PCUAFW K*D pvwwhuq cp wlcrbim cùv`bcl uhlf er evblabim qnf pkbllp hj qfc`nfup cia qnf p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq qh bdwuhzf qnf c`cafdb` cia mfifucl }fljcuf hj qnf p`nhhl)

Qnf Dbiablbl}h nfcaqfc`nfu, Du Ohpfwn Pfufd whpfp }bqn

wvwblp nczbim qnfbu lvi`n viafu qnf p`nhhl jffabim wuhmucddf




53

pffdfa qh efcu qnbp hvq, }bqnci cldhpq fsvcl wcuqb bwcqbhihj ehrp cia mbulp bi wubdcurp`nhhl) Hif hj qnf cumvdfiqpdfiqbhifa bi jczhvu hj fav$`cqbim mbulp }cp qnf biùfcpfa`nci`f hj „c mhha dcuubcmf,‒}bqn c nbmnfu ah}ur) C mbul‒pfav`cqbhi bp qnvp hipbafufaqh ef c mhha bizfpqdfiq,ecpfa hi qnf qucabqbhiclcppvdwqbhi qncq qnf mbul bp qhmfq dcuubfa cjqfu p`nhhl)

Pbmibjb ciq abjjfufi`fp }fufihqfa, nh}fzfu, efq}ffi qnfKfubh zcllfr cia qnf nbmnlcia

ufmbhip) Bi qnf zcllfr, qucab$qbhicl eflbfjp }fuf dfiqbhifadhuf hjqfi cp c jc`qhu cjjf`qbimp`nhhlbim jhu mbulp, }bqn JMDcia fculr dcuubcmf efbimufpwhipbelf jhu auhwhvqpcdhim mbulp) Qnf pbqvcqbhi}bqnbi qnf Whkhq hddvibqrbi Fcpq Ecubimh, }nfufPCUAFW K*D ncp uf`fiqlrf~qfiafa bqp c`qbzbqbfp, bllvp$

qucqfp ci f~qufdf pbqvcqbhi}nfufer hilr c dbihubqr hjmbulp bp cqqfiabim p`nhhl)

Qhw Lfjq? @nblaufi pqvarbim bi qnf hwfi cbu cq c dckfpnbjq p`nhhl hi qnf Dcuck}fq

fp`cuwdfiq) Bipf`vubqr mufcqlr abpuvwqfa lfcuibim bi qnf abpqub`q) Ehqqhd Ubmnq?

evblabimp cq cihqnfu dckfpnbjq p`nhhl) Bipfq? Dhib`c Kfdehb, c qfc`nfu cq DhmblWubdcur p`nhhl bi qnf Kfubh Zcllfr, Dcuck}fq Abpqub`q, }nb`n }cp clph cjjf`qfa er qnf

`lcpnfp)

Qnf Bdwc q hj Bipf`vubqr hi Fav`cqbhi Qnf bdwc q hj bipf`vubqr hi fav`cqbhi bp ufcl cia bddfabcqf) Dcir `nblaufi nczf effi huwncifa cia jcdblbfp }fuf jhu fa qh dhzf c}cr juhd qnf zcllfr qh pqcr }bqn uflcqbzfp bi qnf nbmnlciap) Fzfi cdhim qnf jcdblbfp qncq ufdcbifa, phdf wvwblp }fuf uflv qciq qh mh ec`k qh p`nhhl, }bqn ehrp bi wcuqb vlcu ef`hdbim bizhlzfa bi qnf jbmnqbim) Qnf caafa evuafi hj

wuhzbabim pf`vubqr jhu qnfbu jcdblbfp }cp dcukfa jhu qnf ehrp) Hif Dcuck}fq fav`cqbhi hjjb bcl pcrp nf jhvia jhvu ehrp }bqn mvip bi hif lcppuhhd avubim c zbpbq qh hif hj qnf dckfpnbjq p`nhhlp hi qnf fp`cuwdfiq)

C``huabim qh Dhib c Kfdehb, c qfc`nfu cq Dhmbl Wubdcur P`nhhl bi qnf zcllfr, }nb n }cp jhu`fa qh uflh`cqf qh qnf fp`cuwdfiq, lbjf bp ncua jhu ehqn wvwblp cia qfc`nfup) C dcohubqr nczf qh ah }bqn qfdwhucur pnflqfup }bqn }nhlf jcdblbfp ucdwfa biqh c qbir pwc`f) Cp qnf hilr jfdclf qfc`nfu }bqn qnf caabqbhicl ufpwhipbeblbqr hj mvbaci`f cia hvipfllbim, Dhib c }bqifppfp jbupq ncia dcir hj qnf wuhelfdp qncq mbulp jc`f) Jhu bipqci`f `nblaufi nczf qh cqqfia ibmnq wufwp .fzfibim pqvabfp" cq qnf p`nhhl juhd =)77 qh 2)77 w)d), }nb n }cp biquhav`fa bi dcir p`nhhlp qh fipvuf qncq

wvwblp nczf ci hwwhuqvibqr qh ah qnfbu nhdf}huk) Dhib c pcrp qncq dcir hj qnf hlafu mbulp nczf qh uvpn nhdf cjqfu p`nhhl qh jfq n }cqfu cia jbuf}hha cp }fll cp hhk qnf fzfibim dfcl efjhuf hdbim ec`k jhu wufw)“Phdf hj qnfd nczf wuhelfdp }nfi qnfr cuf }clkbim nhdf bi qnf acuk cp qnf ifbmnehvunhha ehrp ncucpp qnfd,— pnf pcrp) Qnf p`nhhl qubfp qh caaufpp qnf wuhelfd er fi`hvucmbim qnf hddvibqr qh ef ufpwhipbelf jhu wuhqf qbim qnf mbulp cia qnufcqfibim qh ncumf cirhif c``vpfa hj ncucppbim mbulp qh qnf whlb f)

Qh caaufpp qnfpf wuhelfdp, phdf p nhhl hddbqqffp nczf af bafa qh `hipquv q ehcuabim p`nhhlp jhu mbulp) Wcufiqp cq @nvmhu Wubdcur bi Dcuck}fq af bafa qh hipquv q c ehcuabim p`nhhl jhu mbulp bi 322> qh

wuhzbaf c pcjf nczfi cp dcir nblaufi }fuf lhpbim nhwf avf qh qnf abjjb vlq pbqvcqbhi) Qnf p`nhhl vuufiqlr ncp 313 mbulp cia 363 ehrp) Qnf ehcuabim pf qbhi }bll hwfi bi Ocivcur 5775 }bqn c cwc bqr jhu 357 mbulp)




55

Avf qh qnf wfu`fwqbhi qncq ehrp cia mbulp }fuf ahbim fsvcllr }fll cq p`nhhl, PCUAFWK*D nca ihq dcaf pwf`bjb` mfiafu biqfuzfiqbhip cq qnf p`nhhl lfzfl, }bqn qnf f~`fwqbhihj pvwwhuqbim c jf} ehcuabim p`nhhlp jhu mbulp) Cq qnf lfzfl hj p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq qnhvmn,PCUAFW K*D‒p bipbpqfi`f hi fsvcl ufwufpfiqcqbhi hj dfi cia }hdfi bi `hddbqqffpnca ficelfa dhuf }hdfi qh ohbi p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq hddbqqffp) Qnf f~qfipbhi hj qnf27& cqqfiaci`f uvlf qh p`nhhlp pvwwhuqfa er PCUAFW K*D nca clph hwfifa qnf }crjhu dcir }hdfi qh ef`hdf c`qbzflr bizhlzfa bi af bpbhi dckbim, jhu bipqci`f avubim qnfwufpfiqcqbhi hj P`nhhl Afzflhwdfiq Wlcip .qnbp bp ef`cvpf dhqnfup cuf dhuf lbkflr qhcqqfia p`nhhl dffqbimp qnci jcqnfup")

]bqn pfipbqbcqbhi, p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq ci wlcr ci bdwhuqciq uhlf bi wuhdhqbim mfiafufsvbqr cdhim wvwblp, cp afdhipqucqfa er qnf Dbiablbl}h P`nhhl .Pff eh~ hi wcmf 57")Qnbp pnhvla qub`klf ah}iqh qnf jcdblbfp cia qnvp

pwufca qh qnf hddvibqr)

P`nhhl dcicmfdfiq ciawcufiqp ah hdwlcbi,nh}fzfu, qncq bq bp ef`hd$bim dhuf abjjb`vlq qh kffw`nblaufi dhqbzcqfa qh mhqh p`nhhl) Ehrp cuf wcu$qb`vlculr cjjf`qfa er qnfwufzcblbim f`hihdbpbqvcqbhi cp qnfr nczflbqqlf nhwf hj jbiabimpf`vuf fdwlhrdfiq hi`fqnfr jbibpn p`nhhl) Qnf

hwqbhip czcblcelf jhu ehrpucqnfu qnci mbulp, pv`n cpbinfubqbim lcia wlcrp cwcuq bi ufav`bim qnfbudhqbzcqbhi qh lfcui) Ehrpnczf clph effi wcuqb vlculrcjjf`qfa er bipf`vubqr bi`fuqcbi wcuqp hj qnf KfubhZcllfr .pff eh~ hi wcmf53") Bq clph pffdp qncq qnfwuhnbebqbhi hj cibim er

qnf Dbibpqur hj Fav`cqbhieubimp c jfflbim hj wh}fu$lfppifpp cp qfc nfup jfflqnfr nczf ih dfcip qh`hiquhl qnf ehrp cirdhuf)Phdf ubqb bpd }cpf~wufppfa bi hif p`nhhl hic whppbelf ec`klcpn qh qnfwuhdhqbhi hj mbulp‒ fav`c$qbhi, cp ehrp }fuf pcba qhjffl viafuzclvfa cia

qnufcqfifa)

Qhw?P`nhhl `nblaufi juhd Khlh}c Wubdcur bi Fcpq Ecubimh

wuc`qb`f c phim qh ucbpf c}cufifpp hi qnf bdwhuqci`f hj

fav`cqbhi) Ehqqhd? q}h rhvim mbulp cq Khlh}c dcukfq) Qnf

jfcqnfu hi qnf nfca hj hif mbul pbmibjbfp qncq pnf bp „ehhkfa‒

qh mfq dcuubfa) Fculr dcuubcmf mufcqlr `hiqubevqfp qh qnf

lh} fav`cqbhi lfzflp jhu mbulp bi qnf Whkhq `hddvibqr)

“C mbul‒p

lbjf bp c

dcqqfu hj

„lv`k‒) Bj

nfu wcufiqpcuf ihq

}bllbim qh

pvwwhuq

nfu fav`c$

qbhi qnfi

pnf }bll

nczf ih

hwqbhi evq

qh mfqdcuubfa)—

Khlh}c nfcaqfc nfu




50

F) ]hdfi bi Lfcafupnbw

PCUAFW K*D ncp wlcrfa c dcohu uhlf bi fi`hvucmbim }hdfi qh qckf hi lfcafupnbwwhpbqbhip bi qnf wvelb` pwnfuf) Qnf wuhmucddf uf}cuap muhvwp qncq cwwhbiq dhuf}hdfi qh WD@p .qnuhvmn c nbmnfu p`huf cq qnf wuhof`q cwwucbpcl pqcmf" cia pfipbqbfp`hddvibqr dfdefup hi qnf bdwhuqci`f hj qufcqbim dfi cia }hdfi fsvcllr) Wfhwlf cuf

zfur nhifpq }nfi cpkfa }nr }hdfi nczf dcicmfdfiq whpbqbhip bi WD@p) Bizcubcelrqnf cip}fu bp qncq qnbp }cp c wuf`hiabqbhi jhu PCUAFW K*D pvwwhuq) Clqnhvmn abuf`$qbzf bi ncuc`qfu, qnf vpf hj pv`n hiabqbhiclbqbfp pffdp qh nczf c`nbfzfa qnf heof`qbzf hjucbpbim qnf ivdefup hj }hdfi lfcafup)

“Bj PCUAFW

nca lfjq

qnf mfiafu

whpbqbhip

hwfi, qnf

dfi }hvla

nczf qckfi

qnhpf cp

}fll)—

C jfdclf WD@ hjjb bcl pvw$

whuqbim ufpfuzfa pfcqp jhu }hdfi bi qnf if} IMH dcicmf$ dfiq ehcuap

Whbiqp ucbpfa er wcuqb`bwciqp cq hif hj qnf

}hdfi‒p `hijbafi`f evblabim }hukpnhwphumcibfa er PCUAFW K*D bi 5773

Qnfuf bp c muh}bim uf`hmibqbhi hj }hdfi‒p`cwc bqbfp cia qnf iffa jhu db~fa hllceh$ucqbhi bi dcicmfdfiq hj hddvibqrhumcip) ]hdfi cuf uf`hmibfa jhu efbimuflbcelf qufcpvufup, jhu nczbim mhha zbpbhicia jhu dcicmbim qnfbu qbdf }fll) Qnbp

c}cufifpp ncp clph effi finci`fa erpfipbqbpcqbhi juhd nvu`nfp cia hqnfuafzflhwdfiq cmfi bfp)

Bi caabqbhi qh qnf }hdfi bi WD@p, hqnfuc`nbfzfdfiqp bqfa er biqfuzbf}ffp }fufqnf wh}fu cpph bcqfa }bqn efbim cpbmicqhur hj c wuhof`q hu QC@ ecikc``hviq, }nb n ncp ehhpqfa qnf hijbafi`fhj jfdclf lfcafup, cia qnf jc`q qncq dhuf}hdfi ci ih} qclk bi wvelb`) Nh}fzfu,

qnf Whll clph ufzfclfa qncq qnf mfiafueclci`f bi hddvibqr ufpwhipbeblbqbfp bppqbll vifsvcl) Qnf dcohubqr hjdcicmfdfiq whpbqbhip ufdcbi bi qnfnciap hj dfi, }nb`n dfcip qncq bq bpdhpqlr dfi qncq cuf bizhlzfa bi`hddvibqr lfcafupnbw }huk .}bqn dhufpqcqvp cia wh}fu" }nblf }hdfi cuf lfjq}bqn hddvibqr „dcicmbim‒ whpbqbhip,fiqcblbim dhpqlr pvwwhuqbzf c`qbzbqbfp)Phdf }hdfi hdwlcbifa hj ihq efbim

bizhlzfa bi af bpbhi$dckbim, afpwbqf efbimWD@ dfdefup) “Qnf dfi }cbq viqbl bq bplcqf cia }hdfi nczf qh mh nhdf, ciaqnfi qckf cll qnf af bpbhip,— pqcqfa hif}hdci)

C db~ hj jc`qhup nbiafup }hdfi juhd juffcia pflj$`hijbafiq wcuqb`bwcqbhi bi af`b$pbhi$dckbim) Qnf jc`q qncq }hdfi cuf pqbllufpwhipbelf jhu cll ufwuhav`qbzf qcpkp bi qnfnhvpfnhla dckfp bq ncua jhu qnfd qh lfczfqnfbu nhdfp jhu f~qfiafa wfubhap)




51

“ ]hdfi

cuf ihq hilr

pqcuqbim

pv``fppjvl

wuhof`qp,

qnfr cuf clphp`clbim vw…

Qnf zfur

pv``fppjvl

Dclc Wlciq

bi Kcwph}cu

pqcuqfa cp c

}hdfi‒p

fuh$mucbim

muhvw—

C dfdefu hj UCAH,

Kcwph}cu

Qnbp bdwlbfp qncq qnfr cuf ihq celf qh quczfl cia qncq qnfr cuf lfpp f~whpfa, }nb n bp ufbijhu`faer qnf jc`q qncq }hdfi cuf hi czfucmf lfpp fav`cqfa) Bi caabqbhi }hdfi jfcu qh mcbi c ifmcqbzfufwvqcqbhi cp „qnhpf }nh dhzf cuhvia‒ .}bqn bqp hiihqcqbhip hj efbim wuhdbp`vhvp") Qnvp qnff~cdwlfp bqfa cehvq }hdfi qncq cuf celf qh quczfl jufflr pffdfa qh ef ci f~`fwqbhi qh qnfuvlf) Qnf f`hihdb pqcqvp hj jcdblbfp clph hdfp biqh wlcr cp }hdfi }nh ci cjjhua qh wcr jhucaabqbhicl nhvpf nflw cuf bi c efqqfu whpbqbhi qh qckf hi avqbfp hvqpbaf qnf nhvpfnhla) Jhu

}hdfi juhd lfpp jhuqvicqf nhvpfnhlap qnbp hvla ef ci hepqc lf, vilfpp hlafu nblaufi huuflcqbzfp ci cppbpq) Pfzfucl f~cdwlfp }fuf bqfa hj bipqci`fp }nfuf }hdfi muhvw dfdefup ncaqh jbia phdfhif qh nflw c dfdefu cq nhdf bi huafu qh ficelf nfu qh wcuqb`bwcqf cq ci bdwhu$qciq }hukpnhw)

Lc`k hj hijbafi`f bp cihqnfu bdwhuqciq hipqucbiq jhu }hdfi bi af`bpbhi$dckbim cq nbmnfulfzflp) ]nfi cpkfa }nr qnfr hilr pqhha jhu qnf pfcqp ufpfuzfa jhu }hdfi cia aba ihq zbf jhucir hj qnf qhw whpbqbhip .`ncbuwfuphi, pfùfqcur, qufcpvufu" avubim qnf uf`fiq flf`qbhip jhu`hddvibqr ecpfa IMHp bi Kfbrh cia Dcuck}fq, dcir }hdfi pcba qncq qnfr jfcufa qnf`cdwcbmi wuh`fpp, }nb n bp nfczblr dclf ahdbicqfa) ]hdfi pcba qnfr jczhvufa flf`qbhiwuh`fppfp qncq fi`hvucmf abclhmvf cia hipfipvp evblabim) Qnfr clph jflq qncq }hdfi iffadhuf f~whpvuf efjhuf qnfr hvla pqcuq qh qckf hi pv`n uhlfp) Qnbp lc`k hj hijbafi`f bp pcba qhef fzfi pquhimfu cdhim }hdfi juhd qnf zcllfr, }nb n hvla ef lbikfa qh qnfbu mfifucllr lh}fufav`cqbhi lfzflp cia lh}fu c``fpp qh ufphvu`fp hdwcufa qh }hdfi bi qnf dhuf wuhav`qbzfnbmnlcia cufcp)

Cihqnfu bppvf uflcqbim qh }hdfi bi lfcafupnbw bp qnf cldhpq uhvqbif „`h$hwqbim‒ hj dfi biqh }hdfi‒p muhvwp) ]nblf }hdfi pcba qncq qnbp }cp ahif jhu wuc`qb`cl ufcphip cia qncq dfic``fwqfa }hdfi‒p lfcafupnbw bi qnfpf muhvwp .pff „whlbqb`p hj „}hdfi hilr‒ zp) db~fa muhvwp hiwcmf30" qnfuf }fuf bipqci`fp avubim qnf Whll }nfuf dclf dfdefup hj pv`n muhvwp pffdfa qhahdbicqf, hu qh nczf c zfur abjjfufiq cmfiac juhd qncq hj jfdclf dfdefup) Bq bp qnfufjhufbdwhuqciq jhu }hdfi cia dfi bi pv`n muhvwp qh f~wlb`bqlr abp`vpp qnf ufcphip jhubi`huwhucqbim dfi cia qh canfuf qh qnf cmuffa qfudp hj `hllcehucqbhi bi huafu ihq qh

`hdwuhdbpf qnf jviacdfiqcl mhcl hj }hdfi‒p fdwh}fudfiq)

Avubim qnf hijbafi`f evblabim }hukpnhwp, }hdfi lfcafup vumfa PCUAFW K*D qh nflwufcqf czfivfp jhu }hdfi qh dffq cia pqucqfmbpf hi hddhi bppvfp hj hi`fui) ]hdfi‒p

abclhmvf muhvwp`hvla wuhzbaf cihwwhuqvibqr jhu}hdfi qh f~$`ncimf f~wfubfi`fpehqn uflcqfa qhqnfbu wubzcqf, ciawvelb lbjf pv`n cp

pwfckbim bi wvelb )C hi ufqfhvq`hdf hj pv`n cabclhmvf hvla ef c`cdwcbmi pqucqfmrqncq }hvlafi`hvucmf dhuf}hdfi qh pqcia jhunbmnfu whpbqbhip bi`hddvibqr humcib$cqbhip) ]hdfi lfcafup cq hif hj qnf }hukpnhwp




56

@HI@LVPBHIP

3) Mfifucl @hi lvpbhip Cubpbim juhd Qnf Mfiafu Whll

Bq ci ef mfifucllr hi lvafa,juhd qnf Mfiafu Hwbibhi Whll, qncq PCUAFW K*D ncp pv``ffafabi caaufppbim c ivdefu hj wuc`qb cl mfiafu iffap cdhim bqp qcumfq muhvw) Phdf f~cdwlfp hjbdwuhzfdfiqp qncq nczf ufpvlqfa juhd PCUAFW K*D biqfuzfiqbhip cuf }cqfu czcblceblbqr cia qnfbiùfcpfa hwwhuqvibqbfp jhu }hdfi qh fcui ci bi`hdf)

PCUAFW K*D ncp clph pv``ffafa bi caaufppbim c ivdefu hj pqucqfmb mfiafu iffap) Hif hj qnfdhpq f~wlb bq ncimfp qncq nczf h``vuufa cq nhvpfnhla lfzfl bp qnf ncimf bi wh}fu uflcqbhipufpvlqbim juhd }hdfi‒p bi`hdf mfifucqbim c`qbzbqbfp) Cq qnf lfzfl hj wvelb` bipqbqvqbhip, }hdfi

wcuqb bwcqbhi ncp biùfcpfa) Qnfpf c`nbfzfdfiqp ci ef hipbafufa qh ef bdwhuqciq jbupq pqfwpqh}cua }hdfi‒p fdwh}fudfiq cia mfiafu fsvclbqr)

Qnf Hwbibhi Whll clph ufzfclfa qncq qnfuf bp pqbll p`hwf jhu bdwuhzfdfiq, dhpqlr bi qnf jbfla hjpqucqfmb iffap cp }hdfi wcuqb bwcqbhi bi wvelb af bpbhi$dckbim bp jcu juhd fsvcl qh dfi‒p ‐ afpwbqf qnf bdwuhzfdfiqp qncq nczf effi dcaf$ cia }hdfi c}cufifpp ufcqbhi bp iffafa }bqnufmcua qh qnfbu ubmnqp) ]hdfi‒p humcibpcqbhi evblabim }cp jvuqnfu bafiqbjbfa cp ci cufc ufsvbubimcqqfiqbhi) Qnf jhllh}bim pf`qbhi wufpfiqp uf`hddfiacqbhip hi nh} qnbp ci ef cuubzfa cq)

5) Pwf bjb @hi lvpbhip Uflcqfa qh qnf PCUAFW K*D Whlb r

Qnf Mfiafu Hwbibhi Whll cbdfa cq ufjlf`qbim qnf qcumfq muhvw‒p mfiafu iffap cia qnfbu wfu`fwqbhi

hj PCUAFW K*D‒p fjjf`qbzfifpp bi caaufppbim qnfpf iffap) Qnf bijhudcqbhi mcqnfufa qnvp ahfpihq cllh} jhu c hdwlfqf cppfppdfiq hj qnfwuhmucddf‒p pqucqfmr) Ifzfuqnflfpp, civdefu hj lfpphip lfculr fdfumfa juhd qnff~fu bpf) Qnuff ncuc`qfubpqb p hj qnfPCUAFW K*D pqucqfmr cwwfcu qh ef zfurjczhvucelf qh qnf mfiafu pqucqfmr)

Qnf jbupq bp qnf „dvlqb$lfzfl‒ cwwuhc`n hj qnfwuhmucddf) Mfiafu fsvbqr cia }hdfi‒pfdwh}fudfiq ci hilr ef c`nbfzfaqnuhvmn cqqbqvabicl ncimf, }nb n ufsvbufp

c nhlbpqb` cwwuhc`n, ehqn cq wubzcqf ciawvelb lfzflp) Qnf whpbqbhi hj }hdfi iffapqh ef bdwuhzfa cq nhvpfnhla lfzfl cp }fll cpcq hddvibqr cia bipqbqvqbhicl dfph$lfzfl)Ef`cvpf qnf PCUAFW$KD wuhmucddfbiqfuzfifp cq qnfpf abjjfufiq lfzflp, mfiafuc}cufifpp ufcqbhi ci ef biqfmucqfaqnuhvmnhvq)

Jhu mfiafu pfipbqbzf cqqbqvabicl ncimf qhh``vu bq bp clph if`fppcur qh biqfuzfif biabjjfufiq pf`qhup) Qnbp bp cihqnfu cppfq hj

qnf PCUAFW K*D pqucqfmr) Qnf Mfiafu

WCUQ BBB? @HI@LVPBHIP CIA

UF@HDDFIACQBHIP

WCUQ BBB? @HI@LVPBHIP CIA

UF@HDDFIACQBHIP

Ph`bcl Fdwh}fudfiq?Lfpphip Lfcuifa cia qnf ]cr Jhu}cua Bdwhuqciq lfpphip }fuf lfcuifa juhd qnf hddvibqr muhvw wuhof q r lf qncq hddfi fa bi 5777 cia qncq fiafa jhu dhpq wuhof qp bi qnf hvupf hj 5773) Dfcpvufp qh bdwuhzf WD@ wfujhudci f wvq fdwncpbp hi qucipwcufi r cia c` hviqceblbqr) Pbi`f qnfuf cuf pquhim biab cqbhip qncq qnbp ncp hipbafucelr bdwuhzfa muhvw wfujhudci f cp }fll cp mfiafu fsvbqr bi qfudp hj }hdfi‒p wcuqb bwcqbhi bi af bpbhi dckbim,qnfpf dfcpvufp }bll ef ufbijhu fa bi 5775)

Clqnhvmn mfiafu eclci f ncp effi c nbfzfa bi qfudp hj qnf ivdefup hj }hdfi cia dfi wcuqb bwcqbim bi muhvwp, jbfla zbpbqp cia dffqbimp }bqn WD@p nczf pnh}i qncq }nblf fsvcl wcuqb bwcqbhi bi dfdefupnbw cia dcicmfdfiq whpbqbhip bp c if fppcur jbupq pqfw qh}cuap bi ufcpfa fsvbqr, bq bp ihq pvjjb bfiq) Bi 5773 PCUAFW K*D qucbifa cll dclf cia jfdclf WD@ ncbuwfuphip, pf ufqcubfp cia qufcpvufup bi wuhof q dcicmfdfiq cia cadbibpqucqbhi) ]hdfi cuf pqbll qbdba,nh}fzfu, }nfi bq hdfp qh wcuqb bwcqbhi bi af bpbhi$dckbim cq WD@ lfzfl) Qnf if~q ncllfimf bp qh cwbqclbf hi qnf mfiafu eclci f c nbfzfa bi qfudp hj ivdefup cia cbd jhu bi ufcpfa mfiafu fsvbqr) Lh cl vlqvuf pqbll juh}ip hi }hdfi qckbim jhudcl lfcafupnbw whpbqbhip) Dv`n bp f~wf qfa juhd qnf hijbafi f evblabim }hukpnhwp jhu jfdclf WD@

lfcafup nfla bi qnf lcpq svcuqfu hj 5773) Bi 5775 c jhllh} vw }hukpnhw }bll ef nfla qh fi hvucmf dhuf }hdfi qh pqcia jhu flf qbhip jhu qnf qucipf q ecpfa IMHp, }nb n }bll dhpq lbkflr ef ufmbpqfufa bi fculr 5775)

Juhd qnf PCUAFW K*D Kfbrh*Dcuck}fq Ciivcl ]hukwlci, 5773$5775




5:

Hwbibhi Whll biab cqfp, jhu bipqci`f,qncq qnf bdwuhzfa }cqfu czcblceblbqr ncp pqufimqnfifa qnfwhpbqbhi hj }hdfi }bqnbi qnf nhvpfnhla cp bq ncp ufcqfa ci hwwhuqvibqr jhu bi`hdf mfifucqbhi) Cqqnf pcdf qbdf cwc bqr evblabim hj p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq ncp lfa qh biùfcpfa bizhlzfdfiq hj }hdfibi dcicmfdfiq) Ovpq qnfpf q}h f~cdwlfp clufcar bllvpqucqf qncq mfiafu c}cufifpp bp plh}lr bijblqucqbimqnf hddvibqbfp juhd abjjfufiq pbafp cia cq abjjfufiq lfzflp) Qnf jc`q qncq qnbp wuh`fpp bp qckbimwlc`f bp ci bdwhuqciq c`nbfzfdfiq jhu qnf PCUAFW K*D wuhmucddf)

PCUAFW K*D‒p pqucqfmr hj }hukbim qnuhvmn muhvwp `hiqubevqfp qh humcibcqbhicl pqufimqnfibimcia wuhzbafp c jhuvd jhu }hdfi qh cuqb`vlcqf qnfbu iffap) Cjjbudcqbzf c`qbhi cllh}p }hdfi‒pmuhvwp qh ufclbf wuhof`qp, }nb n nflwp caaufpp qnfbu wuc`qb cl, cia whppbelr clph, pqucqfmb mfiafuiffap) Pvwwhuqbim }hdfi muhvwp clph hiqubevqfp qh }hdfi‒p hijbafi`f evblabim, cp qnfpf muhvwpcwwfcu qh ef bdwhuqciq jhu qnf wfuphicl afzflhwdfiq hj }hdfi) Db~fa dclf cia jfdclf muhvwp cief vpfa cp c wlcqjhud jhu pfipbqbcqbhi hi qnf f~bpqbim mfiafu uhlfp cia abzbpbhi hj wh}fu cia }crpqh bdwuhzf mfiafu fsvbqr)

Cihqnfu cppfq hj qnf PCUAFW K*D pqucqfmr bp qnf cwc`bqr evblabim hj wuhof`q hddbqqffp biphvia cia c``hviqcelf wuhof`q dcicmfdfiq) Qnbp bp uv bcl jhu hijbafi`f evblabim, phdfqnbim}hdfi pqbll lc`k, cia hiqubevqfp qh}cuap qnf pvpqcbiceblbqr hj qnf biqfuzfiqbhip)

UF@HDDFIACQBHIP

3) Mfifucl Uf`hddfiacqbhip cubpbim juhd qnf Mfiafu Whll C) ]hdfi‒p C` fpp qh cia @hiquhl hzfu ufphvu fp Bi hdf

Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq c pqucqfmr ef afzflhwfa qh bdwuhzf c``fpp hj }hdfi muhvwp qh jviapjuhd c zcubfqr hj phvu`fp) Pvpqcbiceblbqr hj qnf }hdfi wuhof`qp hvla ef finci`fa qnuhvmn, jhuf~cdwlf, ufzhlzbim jviap)

3) Lcia Cp }hdfi ah ihq pffd c}cuf hj qnfbu whppbeblbqbfp qh h}i lcia, PCUAFW$KD hvla hipbafupfipbqbpbim }hdfi, wcuqb vlculr jfdclf$nfcafa nhvpfnhlap, hi qnf whppbeblbqbfp qh nczf lciaufmbpqfufa bi qnfbu icdf) Bi huafu qh hwfi hddvib cqbhi nciiflp, qnf wuhmucddf hvla cppbpq}hdfi qh pffk lcubqr juhd qucabqbhicl flafup cia qnf lh`cl cadbibpqucqbhi hi cllh`cqbhi ciapflf`qbhi hj lcia qnfr hvla lfmcllr h``vwr cia nczf ufmbpqfufa)

Cihqnfu hwqbhi qncq }hvla ef }huqn f~wlhubim bp qnf whppbeblbqr jhu }hdfi qh ufmbpqfu lcia bimuhvwp) PCUAFW$Kcobcah hvla ef hipvlqfa jhu qnfbu kih}lfamf bi qnbp jbfla)

Qnf PCUAFW$KD qfcd hvla clph hipbafu bizfpqbmcqbim qnf whppbeblbqr hj biqfmucqbim }hdfi‒plcia ubmnqp bppvfp bi qnf Wcuqb bwcqhur Lcia Vpf Wlciibim wuh`fpp) Qnbp wuh`fpp hvla wuhzbaf cibiqfufpqbim hwwhuqvibqr qh abp`vpp cia ucbpf c}cufifpp hi }hdfi‒p biabzbavcl lcia ubmnqp cp }fllcp hi hddhi lcia jhu }hdfi) Qnbp qhwb hvla clph ef caaufppfa bi hijbafi`f evblabim

}hukpnhwp hiav qfa jhu jfdclf lfcafup)

5) Kih}lfamf Biùfcpfa f~whpvuf bp uf`hddfiafa cp hif hj qnf dcbi heof`qbzfp jhu jvqvuf mfiafu bdwuhzf$dfiqp) F~`ncimf hj f~wfubfi`fp cia kih}lfamf efq}ffi }hdfi pnhvla qnfufjhuf ef fi`hvucmfaehqn jhu wubzcqf bppvfp cp }fll cp jhu hddvibqr wuhof`qp)

E) Abzbpbhi hj lcehvu cia Qbdf Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq PCUAFW$KD afzflhw wuhof`q cwwucbpcl ubqfubc jhu zclvbim qnf fjjf`qp hjqnf wuhof`q hi qnf abzbpbhi hj lcehvu cia qnf abzbpbhi hj wh}fu efq}ffi }hdfi cia dfi) Cpwf`qpqncq hvla ef hipbafufa cuf? }nh }bll efifjbq juhd qnf biqfuzfiqbhi, }nh }bll ef ufpwhipbelf, cia}nh }bll ah qnf lcehvu) Qnbp bp qh ef hdebifa }bqn pfipbqbpcqbhi hj qnf qcumfq muhvwp hi qnfabzbpbhi hj lcehvu cia bqp hipfsvfi`fp)




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@) ]hdfi‒p wnrpb cl cvqhihdr Mfiafu uflcqfa flfdfiqp hj wnrpb cl cvqhihdr pffd qh pqbll iffa c lhq hj cqqfiqbhi cp lc`k hj jcdblrwlciibim, JMD, ahdfpqb` zbhlfi`f, cuf pqbll hddhi bi Kfbrh cia Dcuck}fq) Ufclbpqb`cllr, NBZ( Cbap pnhvla clph ef bi`lvafa bi qnbp lbpq clqnhvmn bq }cp ihq abp`vppfa bi Mfiafu Hwbibhi Whll) Cpqnfpf wuhelfdp ciihq ef caaufppfa viafu PCUAFW K*D‒p vuufiq pqucqfmr, bq bp uf`hddfiafaqncq qnf Wuhmucddf pffkp wcuqifupnbwp }bqn hqnfu cmfi bfp qncq }huk bi qnfpf jbflap)

Wnrpb cl cvqhihdr hvla clph ef caaufppfa bi hijbafi`f evblabim }hukpnhwp hiav`qfa jhu jfdclflfcafup)

A) Fav`cqbhi Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq mfiafu c}cufifpp ufcqbhi ef bi lvafa bi p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq qucbibim, cphif hj qnf lfpphip lfcuifa juhd qnf PCUAFW K*D f~wfubfi`fp bp qncq p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq`hddbqqffp ci wlcr c uv bcl uhlf bi mfiafu pfipbqbcqbhi)

Cihqnfu flfdfiq hj p`nhhl dcicmfdfiq qucbibim hvla hzfu pfipbqbpcqbhi hi qnf uhlf hj p`nhhl`hddbqqffp bi c}cufifpp ufcqbhi hi JMD, fculr wufmici bfp cia NBZ(CBAP) Fi`hvucmbim lfpphip

`hvla ef nfcua juhd qnf nfcaqfc`nfu juhd Qhq Wubdcur P`nhhl, c wuh$c`qbzf ciqb$JMD cdwcbmifu)

Qfc`nfup, wcuqb vlculr jfdclf pqcjj, euhvmnq vw qnfbu wh}fulfppifpp bi uflcqbhi qh viabp bwlbifapqvafiqp pbi`f qnf wuhnbebqbhi hi cibim) Qucbibim hvla qnfufjhuf ef hipbafufa hi clqfuicqbzfjhudp hj wvibpndfiq)

F) Wuhdhqbim ]hdfi bi lfcafupnbw Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq qnf dcbi hepqc lfp jhu }hdfi qh wcuqb bwcqf bi lfcafupnbw ef caaufppfa biPCUAFW K*D jvqvuf pqucqfmr cia biqfuzfiqbhip) Hepqc lfp jhu }hdfi bi lfcafupnbw qncq cdf hvqhj qnf Hwbibhi Whll cuf qnf }huklhca }bqnbi qnf nhvpfnhla, lc`k hj hijbafi`f cia wuhnbebqbhi erdclf uflcqbzf)

Jhu qnf nhvpfnhla }huklhca qh abdbibpn, qnf abzbpbhi hj lcehvu }bll nczf qh ef bdwuhzfa) .Pffuf`hddfiacqbhi viafu „Abzbpbhi hj lcehvu‒")

Qh caaufpp }hdfi‒p lc`k hj hijbafi`f,PCUAFW K*D pnhvla hipbafu dhuf cwc bqr evblabimflfdfiqp jhu jfdclf lfcafup cp c jhllh}$vw qh qnf hijbafi`f$evblabim }hukpnhw .`hiav`qfa biIhzfdefu cia Af`fdefu 5773") Qnbp hvla ef ahif, jhu bipqci`f, qnuhvmn f~`ncimf zbpbqp efq}ffi}hdfi wuhof`qp) Qnf zbpbqp hvla ef hdebifa }bqn abp`vppbhip hi qnf zcubhvp cpwf`qp hj jfdclflfcafupnbw) [@hijbafi`f evblabim hvla clph ufpvlq juhd qnf }hdfi abclhmvf muhvwp wuhwhpfa bi qnfif~q pf`qbhiT)

Lc`k hj hijbafi`f qh pqcia jhu nbmnfu dcicmfdfiq whpbqbhi }cp pcba qh ef cvpfa er jfcu hj qnf`cdwcbmi wuh`fpp) PCUAFW K*D hvla pvwwhuq }hdfi qh afzflhw lfpp biqbdbacqbim cdwcbmi

pqucqfmbfp jhu jfdclf ciabacqfp)

5) Pwf bjb Uf hddfiacqbhip uflcqfa qh qnf PCUAFW K*D pqucqfmr

Qnf c`qvcl qucipbqbhicl wncpf hj qnf PCUAFW$K*D wuhmucddf cia qnf jbiabimp juhd qnf Mfiafu

Hwbibhi Whll ufcqf ci biqfufpqbim hwwhuqvibqr jhu qnf wuhmucddf‒p mfiafu zbpbhi cia pqucqfmr qh ef

ufzbf}fa) Ih} qncq qnf wb qvuf bp lfcu, jvuqnfu pqfwp ci ef dcaf qh cwbqclbf hi qnf wuhmucddf‒p

mfiafu c`nbfzfdfiqp) Qnbp pf`qbhi wufpfiqp flfdfiqp qncq cuhpf juhd qnf Mfiafu Hwbibhi Whll cia

qncq cuf uf`hddfiafa jhu `hipbafucqbhi bi qnf ufzbf} hj qnf wuhmucddf‒p pqucqfmr)

3) Qucbibim Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq qnf PCUAFW K*D pqcjj ef qucbifa hi mfiafu cia afzflhwdfiq, cp }fll cpqnf bdwlfdfiqcqbhi hj mfiafu heof`qbzfp)




5>

5) Pvwwhuq jhu }hdfi abclhmvf muhvwp Qnf ncllfimfp jc bim }hdfi lfcafup fdfumfa pquhimlr bi qnf Whll) Bq bp qnfufjhuf uf`hddfiafa qncqPCUAFW K*D pvwwhuq }hdfi qh afzflhw jhuc bi }nb n qnfr ci abp`vpp cia f~`ncimf f~wfub$fi`fp cia bijhudcqbhi hi mfiafu$uflcqfa bppvfp) Qnf cp`caf cwwuhc`n .qnuhvmn qucbibim hj qucbifup"qncq bp efbim vpfa bi qnf fav`cqbhi pf`qhu hvla ef cwwlbfa qh qucbi jc`blbqcqhup bi qnf }nrp$cia$nh}phj pfqqbim vw }hdfi abclhmvf muhvwp)

0) @ufcqbim pqucqfmb wcuqifupnbwp Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq qnf cwwuhc`n hj biqfu$cmfi`r wcuqifupnbw juhd qnf Wfc`f cia Afzflhwdfiqbibqbcqbzf bi qnf Kfubh Zcllfr ef vpfa qh caaufpp phdf hj qnf mfiafu iffap) Qnf Mfiafu HwbibhiWhll ncp ufzfclfa c ivdefu hj mfiafu$uflcqfa wuhelfdp qncq ciihq ef caaufppfa qnuhvmn PCUAFW$K*D clhif $$ jhu bipqci`f bppvfp hj ufwuhav`qbzf nfclqn cia nblaufi pwhiphupnbw .jhu Fcpq Whkhq")

1) Rhvqn bizhlzfdfiq Bq bp uf`hddfiafa qncq PCUAFW K*D hipbafu qnf whppbeblbqr hj bi`huwhucqbim qnf rhvqn bi bqppqucqfmr) Jhu qnf Wuhmucddf‒p mfiafu heof`qbzfp qnbp ci ef jczhvucelf cp qnf rhvqn bp, mfifucllrpwfckbim, lfpp qbmnq qh qucabqbhip, dhuf jlf~belf, dhuf fav`cqfa cia dhuf mfiafu pfipbqbzf) Qnfbubizhlzfdfiq hvla qnvp c``flfucqf qnf wuh`fpp hj mfiafu pfipbqbzf bdwuhzfdfiqp)

Cihqnfu cumvdfiq bi jczhvu hj c rhvqn jh`vp bp qncq qnf rhvim pf`qbhi hj qnf qcumfq whwvlcqbhi jc`fpphdf wuhelfdp qncq cuf hdwcucelf qh qnf hifp hj qnf jfdclf pf`qbhi) Jhu bipqci`f, rhvim wfhwlfcuf ncualr fzfu bizhlzfa bi af`bpbhi$dckbim) Qnf rhvqn clph lc`kp bijhudcqbhi hi qnfbu ubmnqp ciawhppbeblbqbfp f)m) bi uflcqbhi qh lcia h}ifupnbw cia ufwuhav`qbzf nfclqn) Lbikbim wcuqbfp qncq cufjc bim qnf pcdf wuhelfdp ci finci`f hijbafi`f evblabim)

Mfiafu Ciclrpbp bi Whkhq .Fcpq Ecubimh" Ci bi$afwqn cppfppdfiq pnhvla ef hiav`qfa jhu qnf mfiafu pbqvcqbhi bi Fcpq Ecubimh) Ef`cvpf qnfph bh$f`hihdb jc`qhup cjjf`qbim mfiafu eclci`f cuf zcpqlr abjjfufiq juhd qnhpf bi Kfbrh ciaDcuck}fq, c if} cwwuhc`n pnhvla ef afzflhwfa qh caaufpp mfiafu bppvfp bi qnbp ufmbhi) Qnf lfzfl hjwhzfuqr bi hdebicqbhi }bqn qnf wufahdbiciqlr wcpqhuclbpq lbjfpqrlf dfcip qncq p`nhhlbim, fpwf bcllrjhu mbulp, bp mbzfi lbqqlf wubhubqr) Qnf pqucqfmr jhu qnbp cufc }bll qnfufjhuf iffa qh jh`vp hi ecpb`mfiafu pfipbqbpcqbhi, cdhimpq hqnfu biqfuzfiqbhip, }bqn bi`fiqbzfp qh wuhdhqf mbulp‒ fav`cqbhi) QnfPbmhu Icqvucl Ufphvu`f Wuhmucddf hvla ef hipvlqfa cehvq qnf mfiafu pbqvcqbhi bi ]fpq$Whkhq)

Dfdefup hj qnf Khbkf Jhha Pf`vubqr Muhvw bi Kfbrh Abpqub`q wufpfiq mbjqp qh PCUAFW K*D pqcjj)



Qnf hla$jcpnbhifa, „ncua$}cuf ebcpfa‒ afzflhwdfiq wuhof`q bp ih dhuf)

Humcibcqbhip }hukbim qh bdwuhzf cmub`vlqvucl wuhav`qbhi qf`nibsvfp, evbla

ph`bcl cdfibqbfp, wuhzbaf }cqfu cia afzflhw hqnfu wuhav`qbzf bijucpquv`qvuf

iffa qh fipvuf qncq qnfpf pfuzb`fp efifjbq cia cuf h}ifa er c euhca ucimf hj

qcumfq `hddvibqbfp, bi ci fsvbqcelf }cr)

PCUAFW jc`fp qnfpf `ncllfimfp hi c acblr ecpbp) Cp f~qfipbhi pqcjj quczfl qh jcu

jlvim cufcp }bqnbi qnf abpqub`qp, qnfr dvpq ihq hilr qucipjfu kih}lfamf bi qnf

cufcp qncq qnfr cuf qucbifa jhu, evq clph qh biqfuc`q }bqn `hddvibqbfp cia qur qh

caaufpp qnf drubca hj hqnfu svfpqbhip qncq c afzflhwdfiq wuhof`q dvpq afcl

}bqn) Dcuurbim qnf „ivqp cia ehlqp‒ cpwf`qp hj aflbzfubim lbzfpqh`k, lcrbim hvq

}cqfu wbwfp cia `hipquv`qbim p`nhhlp }bqn qnf ph`bcl bppvfp hj c``fpp qh

ufphvu`fp, abzbpbhi hj lcehvu cia fdwh}fudfiq ufsvbufp abzfupf pkbllp cia ci

hwfi cwwuhc`n)

Mfiafu uflcqbhip jhud c `fiqucl `hdwhifiq bi qnf ph`bcl ciclrpbp hj

afzflhwdfiq wuhof`qp) Bifzbqcelr, cir afzflhwdfiq biqfuzfiqbhi }bll bdwc`q hi

dfi cia }hdfi bi c abjjfufiq }cr) Fzfi dhuf `hdwlf~, qnf fjjf`qp hi rhvim

wfhwlf, nhvpfnhla nfcap cia qnf hla }bll ef jvuqnfu abjjfufiqbcqfa) Bi huafu qh

fipvuf qncq afzflhwdfiq ufphvu`fp ufc`n qnf biqfiafa efifjb`bcubfp, cia

wcuqb`vlculr qnhpf qncq cuf dcumbiclbfa juhd f~bpqbim ufphvu`fp, bq bp ùv`bcl qh

bi`huwhucqf c mfiafu ciclrpbp cq cll pqcmfp hj qnf afzflhwdfiq wuhof`q `r`lf)

Qnf mfiafu whll hj PCUAFW Kfbrh*Dcuck}fq phvmnq qh afqfudbif qnf f~qfiq qh

}nb`n qnfpf iffap nca effi dfq er abuf`qlr pffkbim qnf hwbibhi hj qnf qcumfq

muhvw dfdefup, ehqn }hdfi cia dfi) Qnf abzfupf ucimf hj jbiabimp ‑ ehqn

whpbqbzf cia ifmcqbzf ‑ cuf `cwqvufa bi qnbp ufwhuq) Bq bp nhwfa qncq qnfpf jbiabimp }bll pfuzf cp c mvbaf jhu juhiqlbif f~qfipbhi pqcjj cia dcicmfup hj

afzflhwdfiq wuhmucddfp, ficelbim qnfd qh bi`huwhucqf mfiafu pfipbqbzf

cwwuhc`nfp bi qnfbu }huk }bqn `hddvibqr muhvwp)

PCUAFW BP BDWLFDFIQFA VIAFU QNF UFPWHIPBEBLBQR HJ PIZ$K FIRC HI

EFNCLJ HJ QNF M HZFUIDFIQP HJ K FIRC CIA QNF I FQNFULCIAP

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