Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS

7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS

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nbojuq/

Bo ujq}ioqj si slj kui{bok ozneju id {injo nbojuq hoc sljbu boaujhqbok bqqzjq KUHTBQ lhq

hfujhcr aioczasjc nzfsb}fj qszcbjq bo slj }hqs/ Bo bsq }zefbahsbio ‖Sjhuq id Czqs„ KUHTBQ qizklssi lbklfbkls slj alhffjokjq slhs {injo nbojuq dhaj bo sljbu jtjurchr fbdj/ Slbq }zefbahsbio

i}jojc slj ciiu diu dzuslju botjqsbkhsbio hq bs ejahnj ietbizq slhs sljuj {hq h ojjc si

aioczas h niuj j|sjoqbtj qszcr si ah}szuj slj ojjcq id slj {injo nbojuq {jff/ Aioqjxzjosfr

slbq qszcr {hq bobsbhsjc {bsl slj }zu}iqj id dzuslju aioqifbchsbok slj ujqjhual ehqj io slj

{injo nbojuq bo Uhghqslho/



SLJ KIHF HOC IEGJASBTJQ

Slj itjuhff kihf id slj qszcr bq si bcjosbdr slj ojjcq& aiosubezsbioq hoc alhffjokjq id slj

{injo nbojuq bo Uhghqslho/ Si njjs slbq itjuhff kihf& slj diffi{bok iegjasbtjq huj fbqsjc7

‥ Si }ujqjos {injo nbojuq itjuhff qbszhsbio bo h ain}ujljoqbtj {hr ,lbqsiubahf& qiabhf&

jaioinba& }uidjqqbiohf& ljhfsl& hoc }ifbsbahf ehqjc h}}uhbqhf id slj qbszhsbio"

‥ Si hqqjqq slj aiosubezsbioq nhcj er {injo nbojuq bo slj nbojq id Uhghqslho

‥ Si qzkkjqs bn}uitjnjosq bo {injo nbojuq {iu`bok aiocbsbioq er }ujqjosbok h dj{

kiic }uhasbajq hoc ̀ jr ujainnjochsbioq

Slbq qszcr bq h }hus id KUHTBQ‒q }zuqzbs si zocjuqshoc {bsl kujhsju cj}sl slj kuizoc ujhfbsbjq

ujfhsjc si {injo nbojuq/ Hfslizkl KUHTBQ hoc Ljcaio lhtj cjtjfi}jc h dj{ qszcbjq ejdiuj

io slj nbojuq‒ bqqzjq& sljuj lhq ejjo h }ujqqbok ojjc si zocjuqshoc slj }uiefjnq slhs {injo

nbojuq dhaj niuj afiqjfr/ Slj j|}jashsbio duin slbq qszcr bq slhs bs {bff ljf} eisl KUHTBQ hoc

Ljcaio& }husojuq hoc islju qsh`jlifcjuq bo cjtjfi}bok qsuhsjkbjq diu slj dzszuj si hccujqq slj

}uiefjnq id {injo nbojuq bo h niuj ain}ujljoqbtj {hr/ Slbq qszcr {hq aioaj}szhfbwjc bo slj

qznnju id 5==2 ,H}ubf.Nhr" sluizkl h aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq botiftbok slj ujfjthos sjhn

njnejuq id eisl hkjoabjq hoc islju qsh`jlifcjuq/ Ljcaio sii` fjhc bo cjtjfi}bok slj aioaj}s

oisj& njslicifikr hoc siifq si aioczas slj qszcr hoc KUHTBQ hqqbqsjc Ljcaio {bsl haajqq si

ujfjthos bodiunhsbio hoc ujqizuajq/

SLJ QSZCR HUJH

Slj hujh diu slj qszcr {hq qjfjasjc duin slj nbobok hujh {ljuj KUHTBQ lhq ejjo bosjutjobok

diu slj }hqs 8; rjhuq si bn}uitj slj fbtjq id slj nbojuq& boafzcbok slj {injo nbojuq/ H qhn}fj

id {injo nbojuq {hq cuh{o duin jhal nbobok qbsj hauiqq dizu cbqsubasq {ljuj KUHTBQ {iu`q ‑

Gicl}zu& Eb`hoju& Ehunju hoc Nhùhoh/ Slj nbojq bo slj dizu cbqsubasq huj nhbofr qhocqsioj&

afhr& kuhobsj& nhuefj hoc qhfs nbojq/ Sljqj nbojq huj i}jo xzhuubjq {bsl lbkl slujhs si fbdj hoc

qhdjsr/

CJQAUB]SBIO ID SLJ QHN]FJ HUJH7 Slj qhoc qsioj nbojq id Gicl}zu huj sujoaljc hauiqqho hujh id 5:= qxzhuj `bfinjsujq/ Slj }bo` aifizujc qsioj bq bo lbkl cjnhoc huizoc slj {iufc

ejahzqj id bsq czuhebfbsr& hoc ujqbqshoaj si ljhs hoc aifc/ Niqs id slj nbobok bo slj Ohkhzu

cbqsubas iaazuq ojhu slj absr id Nhùhoh& {ljuj slj dhnizq nhuefj slhs {hq zqjc si ezbfc slj

Shg Nhlhf bq j|ahthsjc/ Sljuj huj jqsbnhsjq slhs ujqjutjq id :: nbffbio sioojq id slj nbojuhf

qsbff ujnhbob|/ Nbobok diu nhuefj bq chokjuizq hoc ujxzbujq aujtbajq si lhtj cj}slq id

h}}ui|bnhsjfr 1== djjs/ Bo slj Ehunju cbqsubas qhfs nbojq huj }uinbojos& slj nbojuhf j|ahthsjc



duin ]hal}hcuh Sjlqbf& h qhfs ejfs slhs qsujsaljq diu 3: qxzhuj `bfinjsjuq duin Ehkzocb si slj

tbffhkj Ki}hcb/ Slj htjuhkj qhfs nboj bq 5=.1= djjs cjj} hoc :=.<= djjs {bcj/ Eb`hoju bq dhnizq

{iufc{bcj diu bsq afhr nbobok/ Iofr 8=* id slj afhr j|ahthsjc bq zqjc bo Uhghqslho& {bsl slj

ujnhbocju j|}iusjc si aizosubjq qzal hq Ehokfhcjql hoc Elzsho& iu dzfdbffbok 4=.;=* id Bocbh‒q

i{o ojjcq/ H}}ui|bnhsjfr 1:&=== }ji}fj huj botiftjc bo j|ahthsbok& hoc cbkkbok izs afhr bo

Eb`hoju cbqsubas/

SHEFJ 57 KUHTBQ [IU@ HUJH BO SLJ NBOJQ ID UHGHQSLHO

Cbqsubas Hujh Nbojuhf [iu`bok

qboaj

[bsl ! id

nbojuq

H}}ui|/

ozneju id

{injo bo slj

{iu`bok hujh8

Gicl}zu Qzuqhkhu Qhoc Qsioj 8225 85=&=== 3=&===

Ehunju ]hal}hsuh Qhfs 5==: 8=&=== 5&===

Qb{hoh Kuhobsj 5==< 8=&=== 8&:==

Eb`hoju @ifhrhs Afhr 5==: 5:&=== 8=&===

Ohkhzu Nhùhoh Nhuefj 5==8 1:&=== 8=&===

SLJ NJSLICIFIKR

Slbq ciaznjos cuh{q duin eisl }ubnhur hoc qjaiochur chsh/ [lbfj ho j|sjoqbtj fbsjuhszuj

ujtbj{ {hq aioczasjc si }uitbcj h ehqba duhnj{iu` diu slj aiosjosq& }ubnhur chsh {hq

aiffjasjc sluizkl h uhocin qhn}fbok njslic bo dizu q}jabdba nbobok hujhq id [jqsjuo

Uhghqslho7 Eb`hoju& Ehunju& Nhu`hoh hoc Gicl}zu/ Slj nhgiu qizuajq id qjaiochur bodiunhsbio

huj husbafjq duin gizuohfq& eii`q& qalifhufr oisjq& {jeqbsjq hoc ujqjhual qszcbjq ,hq absjc bo slj

ebefbikuh}lr"/ Slj nhgiu qizuajq id }ubnhur chsh aiffjasbio huj xzjqsbioohbujq& Diazq Kuiz}

Cbqazqqbioq ,DKCq"& }juqiohf bosjutbj{q& }lisikuh}lr& cbujas ieqjuthsbio hoc ahqj qszcbjq

ciaznjoshsbio/

Slj }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq {hq cjtjfi}jc duin h ujtbj{ id j|bqsbok fbsjuhszuj& }zefbqljc{iu` hoc bodiunhsbio duin DKCq& }juqiohf bosjutbj{ hoc bocbtbczhf qzutjr/ Slj aiosubezsbioq

nhcj er {injo nbojuq si slj boczqsur ahnj heizs duin h cjq`si} ujtbj{ id }hqs fbsjuhszuj io

slj si}baq& h qzutjr {bsl diunhssjc xzjqsbioohbuj hoc DKCq {bsl {injo nbojuq kuiz}q/ Ajushbo

8Sljqj dbkzujq huj h}}ui|bnhsj hoc hq }ju }juqiohf j|}jubjoajq id slj sjhn



auiqq ujdjujoaj id bodiunhsbio {bsl islju ujkbioq hoc {injo nbojuq {hq hfqi cioj sluizkl

fbsjuhszuj ujtbj{/ Slj kiic }uhasbajq hoc ujainnjochsbioq qjasbio {hq cjtjfi}jc nhbofr er

j|hnbobok slj bosjutjosbioq hoc bn}hasq id KUHTBQ‒ }uigjasq bo slj nbobok hujhq/

S{i }ujcjqbkojc xzjqsbioohbujq {bsl eisl afiqjc hoc i}jo xzjqsbioq io }uidjqqbiohf& kjocju&

qiabhf& jaioinba& lbqsiubahf hoc ljhfsl }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq {juj h}}fbjc bo slj dbjfc {bsl huhocin qjfjasbio id 85= {injo {iu`bok bo slj nbojq/ Qsuzaszujc }juqiohf bosjutbj{q {juj

aioczasjc si zocjuqshoc slj {injo nbojuq‒ }juqiohf tbj{q io slj aiocbsbioq id {iu` iu

}ujdjujoajq hoc q}jabdbahffr si zocjuqshoc qjoqbsbtj bqqzjq qzal hq }lrqbahf)njoshf hezqj si

sljn hoc)iu slj albfc {iu`juq {lbal ahoois ej cbqazqqjc bo duios id isljuq/ / Slbusr s{i

Diazqjc Kuiz} Cbqazqqbioq ,< bo jhal shukjs ujkbioq {bsl }husbab}hsbio id < }juqioq io ho

htjuhkj" {juj aioczasjc/ DKCq {juj aioczasjc {bsl h euihc uhokj id }husbab}hosq fb`j ifcju

{injo {li lhtj {iu`jc bo nbojq& {injo }ujqjosfr {iu`bok& {injo bo Qjfd Ljf} Kuiz}q

,QLKq" hoc njo hoc {injo sikjslju si zocjuqshoc sljbu tbj{q io {injo bo nbojq& sljbu

aiosubezsbio& }uiefjnq hoc }uiq}jasq/ H dj{ q}jabdba ahqjq {juj bcjosbdbjc diu ciaznjoshsbio

id ahqj qszcbjq/ Nzfsb}fj dbjfc tbqbsq {juj aioczasjc si zocjuqshoc slj uifj id {injo hoc slj{iu`bok jotbuionjos bo slj nbojq hoc }lisikuh}lq {juj sh`jo id abuaznqshoajq slhs ojjcjc

si ej lbklfbklsjc/

Slj qzutjr& DKCq& }juqiohf bosjutbj{q hoc islju siifq {juj zqjc io slj qhn}fj er h kuiz} id

dbjfc qshdd njnejuq hoc tifzosjjuq bo slj nioslq id Gzfr.Hzkzqs& 5==2/ Slj chsh josur hoc

hohfrqbq {hq aioczasjc bo slj niosl id Qj}sjneju hoc bnnjcbhsjfr hdsju slhs slj cuhdsbok id

slbq qszcr qshusjc/ Slj cuhdsbok {hq ioaj hkhbo cioj sluizkl h aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq id

djjceha`q hoc ujtbj{q er thubizq qshdd njnejuq duin KUHTBQ/

Slj fhqs alh}sju io aioafzqbioq hoc dzuslju ujainnjochsbioq {hq cjtjfi}jc sluizkl h

aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq er qlhubok slj cuhds id slbq ciaznjos {bsl `jr bocbtbczhfq bo slbq dbjfc hoc

{bsl nbobok fheizu zobioq/



FBNBSHSBIOQ ID SLJ QSZCR

Slj fbnbshsbioq id slbq qszcr huj ahzqjc duin slujj ujhqioq7

. Slj qhn}fj qbwj id slj }ubnhur qizuajq id bodiunhsbio {hq qnhff ain}hujc si slj thqs

ozneju id {injo nbojuq bo slj nbojq id Uhghqslho slzq fbnbsbok izu zocjuqshocbok id

slj bqqzjq slbq qszcr subjc si joxzbuj/ Kbtjo Uhghqslho lhq lzkj ozneju id nbojq hoc

afiqj si 5/: nbffbio {iu`juq& slj qhn}fj bq fb`j h cui} bo slj iajho/ Li{jtju& qboaj slbq

qszcr bq diazqbok io iofr dizu cbqsubasq& slj qnhff qhn}fj qbwj lhq ejjo hefj si }uitbcj

qinj qbkobdbahos boqbklsq bosi slj fbdj id slj {injo nbojuq bo slj shukjsjc hujh/

. Qzutjr ehqjq qszcbjq lhtj slj }isjosbhf id ebhq duin slj hkkujkhsjc ujqzfsq/ Hfslizkl

slj hkkujkhsjc chsh kbtjq h afjhu bocbahsbio io i}bobioq hoc }ujdjujoajq& sljqj ujqzfsq

aizfc kjs sb}}jc er slj hkkujkhsjc i}bobioq id slj oio.ujq}iocjosq iu {injo {li

{juj ois bo slj qhn}fj/

. Nhor {injo ujq}iocjosq {juj ois tjur i}jo bo hoq{jubok xzjqsbioq ujfhsjc si

j|}fibshsbio hoc hezqj/ Jtjo slizkl siifq qzal hq aiodbcjosbhf ioj io ioj ehqbq

}juqiohf bosjutbj{q {juj h}}fbjc& sljuj {hq qsbff ois nzal qzaajqq khbojc bo j|suhasbok

qjoqbsbtj bodiunhsbio/



8:

ALH]SJU 57 [INJO BO NBOBOK BOCZQSUR

lj ajoqzq id 5==8 afjhufr qshsjq slhs bo Bocbh {injo ain}ubqj huizoc 83 }juajos id slj fheizu diuaj bo slj nbobok qjasiu/ Li{jtju& czj si slj j|sjos id bodiunhfbqhsbio id

{injo‒q fheizu& slj haszhf }ui}iusbio id {injo {iu`bok bo slj nbobok boczqsur bq hq

lbkl hq 11 }juajos hoc niqs id slj {injo fheizujuq ainj zocju slj ahsjkiur id nhukbohf

{iu`juq/ Rjs& {ljo bs ainjq si kbtbok slj {injo nbojuq sljbu czj aujcbs hoc sljbu czj

ubklsq& tjur fbssfj lhq ejjo cioj iu qhbc/ Bo kjojuhf& {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio bo slj nbobok

boczqsur id Bocbh bq {bcjfr }ujthfjos hauiqq hff qze qjasiuq/ Diu boqshoaj& bo slj qshsj.i{ojc

aihf nbojq& {injo aioqsbszsj hfniqs :/4 }ju ajos id slj {iu`juq hoc huizoc 8; }ju ajos id

nhukbohf {iu`juq/

‖Slj }husbab}hsbio id {injo bq lbkljqs bo cifinbsj nbobok ,11 }ju ajos"& nbah nbobok ,5: }juajos"& afhrq nbobok ,51 }juajos"& qsioj xzhuurbok ,51 }ju ajos"& qhfs j|suhasbio ,51 }ju ajos"&

nhokhojqj iuj nbobok ,58 }ju ajos" hoc kjnqsiojq nbobok ,82 }ju ajos"& bocbahsbok slhs

{injo‒q fheizu bq aioajosuhsjc bo slj qnhff.qahfj iu bodiunhf nbobok qjasiu/ Jtjo {bslbo

sljqj qjasiuq& {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio bq lbklju hq nhukbohf {iu`juq bo cifinbsj nbobok ,3=

}ju ajos"& nbah nbobok ,3= }ju ajos"& afhrq nbobok ,1: }ju ajos"& qsioj xzhuurbok ,1< }ju

ajos"& qhfs j|suhasbio ,:2 }ju ajos"& nhokhojqj iuj nbobok ,3= }ju ajos" hoc kjnqsiojq

nbobok ,13 }ju ajos"/ Bo kifc iuj nbobok& {injo ain}ubqj :; }ju ajos id nhukbohf {iu`juq&

{bsl aluinbzn iuj nbobok hfqi jn}firbok {injo hq 1< }ju ajos id slj nhukbohf {iu`juq|/„

Slj dhasiuq ejlboc {injo‒q josur bosi slj nbobok boczqsur huj nhbofr hssubezsjc si }itjusr

hoc slj ojjc diu hccbsbiohf lizqjlifc boainj/ Slj {injo nbojuq duin slj aihf nbojq

j|}fhbojc slhs cbq}fhajnjos hoc fiqq id fhoc lhtj hctjuqjfr hddjasjc sljbu fbtjq hoc

fbtjfbliic& jaioinba hoc qiabhf qshszq& hoc ljhfsl hoc qjazubsr/ Cbq}fhajc {injo huj dizoc

bo qnhff }ubthsj iu zoiukhobwjc qjasiu id nbobok ujfhsjc hasbtbsbjq/ Sljqj {injo lhtj oi

{iu` qhdjsr njhqzujq& huj qzqaj}sbefj si qjubizq ljhfsl lhwhucq& hoc huj j|}iqjc si qj|zhf

j|}fibshsbio/

S



84

[INJO NBOJUQ BO UHGHQSLHO

Niuj slho 2:* id nbobok hasbtbsbjq bo Uhghqslho dhffq bo slj cinhbo id slj zoiukhobqjc

qjasiu/ Izs id slj sishf nbojuq bo Uhghqslho& 1;* huj {injo hoc niqs id sljn huj chfbsq

hoc subehf/

Bs bq hfqi si ej oisjc slhs bo Uhghqslho 2:*|b id nboj {iu`juq huj nbkuhosq id {lbal& h ebk

alzo` id 4=* si ;=* huj duin {bslbo slj qshsj hoc suhtjf ejs{jjo cbqsubasq sluizklizs

Uhghqslho hoc slj ujqs huj jbslju duin eiucjubok qshsjq fb`j& Kzghuhs& Nhclrh ]uhcjql& Zsshu

]uhcjql iu duin dhu.h{hr qshsjq fb`j& Shnbf Ohcz& Hocluh ]uhcjql& Eblhu& Iubqqh& hoc [jqs

Ejokhf/ Slj ujazuubok cuizklsq lhtj }zqljc h fhukju }ui}iusbio id slj fheizu diuaj bo

Uhghqslho bosi nbobok hq slhs bq slj iofr aioqbqsjos qizuaj id boainj diu sljn/ Li{jtju&

nhor sbnjq slj bosjuqshsj nbkuhosq huj qjhqiohf nbkuhosq hq sljr ki eha` si sljbu i{o

ainnzobsr hs sbnjq si }zuqzj dhunbok iu islju suhcbsbiohf fbtjfbliicq/ Io slj islju lhoc&

slj nbkuhosq duin izsqbcj id Uhghqslho lhtj szuojc izs si ej slj }junhojos qjssfjuq boqinj id slj nbobok hujhq/

Hfslizkl nbkuhsbio bq qz}}iqjc si ej h ai}bok njalhobqn si szuo si hfsjuohsbtj fbtjfbliic

czubok slj cuizkls rjhuq& itju sbnj bs lhq ejainj h ujkzfhu djhszuj/ Slbq sujoc bq niuj

}uinbojos bo dhnbfbjq {bsl nzfsb}fj qioq hq sljo sljr sh`j szuoq bo kibok izsqbcj sljbu

ainnzobsr si {iu`/ Qinj id sljn ki izs si {iu` diu }jubicq id z} si diu fiokju }jubic slhs

uzo z} si 4 nioslq iu niuj/ Slj ujfhsbtjfr ejssju dbohoabhf qshszq id slj nbkuhosq lhq fzujc

nhor }ji}fj si gibo slj nbkuhsbio qsujhn hoc slj ozneju id nbkuhsbok }ji}fj lhq slzq

boaujhqjc itju sbnj/ Bs bq si ej oisjc slhs niqs qjhqiohf nbkuhsbioq huj iukhobwjc zocju h

slj`jchu ,aiosuhasiu" {li qshrq bo sizal {bsl slj nboj i{ojuq/ Sljqj slj`jchuq huuhokjhoc iukhobqj slj ujxzbujc ozneju id fheizujuq duin sljbu i{o iu ojbkleizubok tbffhkjq hoc

alhukj h ainnbqqbio io jtjur fheizuju‒q {hkj/

Fb`j jfqj{ljuj bo Bocbh& slj {injo nbojuq bo Uhghqslho {iu` bo slj nbojq nhbofr bo slujj

cbddjujos {hrq–hq {iu`juq bo slj j|suhasbtj }uiajqq& bo qiusbok hoc auzqlbok id slj

}uj}huhsbio id nbojuhfq& hoc hq afju`q& }jioq& qjaujshubjq hoc ozuqjq jsa/ [injo huj

jokhkjc nhbofr bo afjhubok cjeubq hoc }jeefjq duin slj nboj& hoc cibok islju icc gieq/

Djnhfj {iu`juq huj zqzhffr }hbc dhu fjqq slho nhfj {iu`juq|bb

/ Thubizq qszcbjq lhtj bocbahsjc

slhs itjuhff bo Bocbh io ho htjuhkj {lbfj h nhfj {iu`ju kjsq ejs{jjo Uq/ 4= hoc Uq/ 8:= h

chr& djnhfj {iu`juq jhuo h njhkju Uq 1= si 3= h chr diu cibok {iu` slhs‒q idsjo niujehaèujh`bok/ Slj nbobnzn {hkj diu Uhghqslho {bsl jddjas duin 8

qsNhual 5==< diu

zoq`bffjc fheizu {iu` bq Uq/ 8==& diu qjnb.q`bffjc Uq/ 8=; hoc diu q`bffjc {iu` bs bq Uq/ 88:|bbb

/



8;

SLJ ]UIDBFJ ID [INJO NBOJUQ

Slj uifjq slhs {injo hoc njo }fhr hq nboj{iu`juq thur hoc {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio hq

hasbtj {iu`juq {bsl jxzhf aiosubezsbio idsjo kijq zooisbajc/ Li{jtju bd ioj cjftjq cjj}ju

hoc sh`jq h fii` hs slj uhokj id {iu` njo hoc {injo huj jokhkjc bo slj nbojq& ioj {bff ej

ain}jffjc si cjqsuir nhor nrslq heizs kjocju uifjq id njo hoc {injo bo slj nbojq/

[injo‒q {iu` bo nbobok qli{q slhs slj q}ljujq id njo hoc {injo‒q {iu` huj ois

ojajqqhubfr qj}huhsj ezs itjufh}/ ‖[injo‒q {iu` bo nbobok }ujqjosq slj nbojq hq q}jabhf

{iu`}fhajq0 hq slj “nboj{iu`ju‒ ejainjq tbqbefj hq kjocjujc qzegjasq& slj nboj.}bsq

uj}iqbsbio sljnqjftjq hq kjocjujc }fhajq„|bt

/ Er }ujqjosbok h ain}ujljoqbtj }uidbfj id slj

{injo nbojuq& slbq alh}sju {bff sur si bffznbohsj slj nhor qbcjq id slj {injo nbojuq hoc

{bff eubok si fbkls sljbu aiosubezsbio si slbq qjasiu/

Ljuj huj h dj{ `jr dhasq io {injo nbojuq bo [jqsjuo Uhghqslho& hq cjnioqsuhsjc er h

qzutjr aioczasjc er KUHTBQ bo 5==1|t7

‥ Ojhufr <4* id {injo qzutjrjc ejfiok si qaljczfjc subejq hoc qaljczfjc ahqsq/

‥ Hff slj {injo huj jn}firjc hq zoq`bffjc hoc buujkzfhu fheizujuq& hfslizkl qinj

{injo lhtj ejjo {iu`bok bo slj nbojq diu z} si 1= rjhuq/

‥ Slj {injo qhbc slhs sljbu hssjochoaj bq ojtju ujaiucjc er hor nboj/

‥ Oi {inho {hq dizoc si }iqqjqq azfsbthefj fhoc/

‥ Heizs <<* id slj fiahf kbufq {juj nhuubjc ejdiuj ujhalbok 8< rjhuq id hkj/

‥ Iofr 4* kjs h gie diu niuj slho 5= chrq }ju niosl/

‥ Cjq}bsj slj qbnbfhu {iu`fihc& {injo huj }hbc fjqq slho njo/

‥ Slj kitjuonjos lhq qjs slj nbobnzn {hkj hs Uq/ 4= }ju chr& ezs ois h qbokfj

{inho qzutjrjc ujajbtjc slhs hnizos iu lbklju/ Hfniqs 2=* id slj {injo

{iu`bok diu 4 si < lizuq ujajbtjc Uq/ 3: iu jtjo fjqq/

‥ Ho hkjos& “Gbnnjchuob&‒ ljf}q slj {injo si {iu` bo slj nbojq& hoc ujajbtjq h

}hus id sljbu boainj bo ujszuo/

‥ Qrn}sinq id hojnbh {juj dizoc bo hff slj {injo {iu`juq hoc 1=* ahuubjc slj

qrn}sinq id qbfbaiqbq/

‥ Slj ubklsq }uitbcjc er slj aioqsbszsbio hoc slj q}jabhf ubklsq diu {injo zocju

slj Nbojq Has id 82:5 lhtj ois ejjo j|jazsjc/‥ [injo {iu` bo slj nbojq nhbofr czj si7

¬ Lzqehoc‒q cjhsl duin nboj.ujfhsjc cbqjhqj iu haabcjos/

¬ Boah}habshsbio id lzqehoc duin cbqjhqj iu haabcjos

¬ Qjtjuhf albfcujo si ahuj diu/

¬ Niojr hcthoajc diu dhnbfr nhssjuq er slj nboj i{ojuq

¬ Lzqehoc‒q cuzk hccbasbio/





82

slj qz}}fjnjos& slj qzeqbcbhur hoc slj qz}}ius si slj nhbo {iu` slhs bq ejbok cioj er slj

njo/ Hff id sljn zohobnizqfr qhbc slhs hfslizkl sljr {iu` si }uitbcj qz}}ius si slj njo&

sljbu gie lhq ejjo jxzhffr sizkl/

Slj {injo nbojuq j|}fhbojc slhs sljr qshusjc {iu`bok bo slj qhfs nbojq ejahzqj sljuj

{juj oi islju gie i}}iuszobsbjq hthbfhefj si sljn/ Slj {injo bo Ehunju qshusjc {iu`bokbo slj nbojq huizoc slujj kjojuhsbioq hki io slj hctbaj id sljbu dhnbfr iu bnnjcbhsj

ainnzobsr jfcjuq/ Slj nbojq uj}ujqjos sljbu {hr id fbdj hq slj qzutbthf id slj dhnbfr hs

sbnjq cj}jocq io slj nbojq iofr/ Sljr lhtj oi òi{fjckj id lbqsiur ejrioc {lhs fbdj bq hs

}ujqjos/ Hoc bs qjjnq slhs slj ain}fjsj heqjoaj id sljbu lbqsiubahf hqqiabhsbio {bsl nbojq

cijq ois {iuur sljn/ [lhs sljr {iuur heizs bq sljbu dhnbfr hoc slj cbddbazfs aiocbsbioq

zocju {lbal sljr fbtj/ [ljo hq`jc bd sljr lhtj jtju dizkls diu bn}uitjnjos bo sljbu

{iu`bok aiocbsbio iu si kjs h uhbqj bo sljbu {hkj& sljr qhbc slhs h}hus duin qnhff boabcjosq id

}uisjqs ljuj hoc sljuj& oi nhgiu nitjnjos hkhboqs zodhbu nbobok }uhasbajq lhq jtju ejjo

iukhobwjc/ / H qnhff boabcjos bo ioj id slj qhn}fjq nbojq bd {iusl njosbiobok ljuj7

Ghnz& 3:& bq h {inho nboj {iu`ju {liqj lzqehoc qzddjuq duin qbfbaiqbq/ Ghnz fheizuq io slj nbojq

fihcbok qnhffju uia`q bosi h suhasiu/ Qlj cijq ois ejfbjtj slhs sljuj {bff ej hor nhsjubhf alhokjq si

{injo nboj{iu`juq‒ aiocbsbioq bo slj nbojq/ Slj }ujtbizq rjhu sljr lhc iukhobwjc 5 ‑ 1 qsub`jq si

}uisjqs& hfslizkl slj iofr }iqbsbtj izsainj duin slbq {hq h qnhff boaujhqj bo sljbu chbfr {hkj duin

Uq/ ; si Uq/ 8:& qlj qhrq/ Ghnz hq}bujq diu ejssju qhfhubjq hoc ejssju haajqq si ehqba dhabfbsbjq qzal hq

cubo`bok {hsju hoc sibfjs dhabfbsbjq/ Qlj {hq ioj id slj ifcju nboj {iu`juq bo slj hujh& ezs lhq ois

{bsojqqjc hor uhcbahf alhokjq bo slj {iu`bok aiocbsbioq id {injo nboj{iu`juq itju slj cjahcjq

qlj lhq q}jos io slj nbojq/

Bo Gicl}zu& slj {injo ujtjuejuhsjc slj qhnj {iucq hq slj {injo duin Ehunju/ Sljr qhbc

sljr lhtj ejjo {iu`bok bo nbojq qboaj nbojq qshusjc/ Hoc slj }ubnhur dhasiu ejlboc sljbu

gibobok slj nbojq bq dbohoabhf ojjcq id slj dhnbfr/ Nhor {injo nbojuq huj slj eujhc

{boojuq diu sljbu dhnbfbjq/ Jq}jabhffr& {ljo njo qzddju duin bogzubjq iu suhznh duin

haabcjosq iu ejainj bodbun duin cbqjhqjq iu {ljo njo cbj& {injo ojjc h qizuaj id

boainj hoc ejbok niqs dhnbfbhu si slj nbojq slhs bq {ljuj sljr szuo si diu qz}}iusbok sljbu

dhnbfbjq/

Shefj 1 qzkkjqsq slhs slj {injo nbojuq bo Gicl}zu& Nhùhoh hoc Eb`hoju huj niqsfr

nbkuhosq hoc lhtj niqsfr ainj duin islju tbffhkjq)cbqsubasq {bslbo Uhghqslho/ Slj }ujqqbok

}ujqqzujq id }itjusr {juj afjhu diu nbkuhsbio duin sljbu ohsbtj }fhajq/ Hff qzal nbkuhosq

{juj dizoc si ej fhoc fjqq iu lhc nbkuhsjc duin sljbu }fhajq czubok cuizkls }jubicq hoc

oi{ huj qjssfjc bo slj nbobok hujhq/ Bo Ehunju li{jtju& xzbsj aiosuhur si slj sujoc bo slj

islju slujj qhn}fj cbqsubasq& 8==* id slj ujq}iocjosq huj fiahf ujqbcjosq/ Sljr huj niqsfr

duin h ahqsj kuiz} ahffjc @liu{hf {li huj lbqsiubahffr jokhkjc bo slj qhfs nbojq kjojuhsbio

hdsju kjojuhsbio/





58

QIABHF

Slj qiabhf }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq ujtiftj huizoc sljbu uifj bo h lizqjlifc& niqs id slj

sbnjq {lbal bq slhs id h {bdj/ Slj qzutjr aioczasjc er slbq qszcr bocbahsjc slhs niqs

{injo nbojuq huj nhuubjc/ Bo Nhu`hoh diu boqshoaj 4</;:* id slj {injo nbojuq huj

nhuubjc/ H qzeqshosbhf ozneju id {injo nbojuq huj hfqi cbtiuajc iu {bci{q& qbkobdrbok slhs

sljr huj slj nhbo eujhc{boojuq diu sljbu dhnbfbjq/ Slj }ujtbizq qszcr io {injo aioczasjc

er KUHTBQ qli{q slhs heizs 25 }juajos {injo nhuubjc ejdiuj slj hkj id 8<|tb

/ Itjuhff ;2*

id slj {injo nbojuq‒ lzqehocq huj azuujosfr {iu`bok bo slj nbojq& {ljujhq h}}ui|bnhsjfr

5=* id slj {injo nbojuq zqjc si ej bo slj nbojq/ H fhukj }ui}iusbio id {injo {liqj

lzqehocq {juj {iu`bok bo slj nbojq huj azuujosfr qba` iu lhtj }hqqjc h{hr& {ljuj qinj

lhtj qshusjc {iu`bok bo islju qjasiuq/

‖Hs := rjhuq id hkj& Uhnjql{hub Cjtb aho‒s ujnjneju {ljo qlj qshusjc {iu`bok bo slj

nbojq/ Fbdj hq h nboj{iu`ju lhq fjds lju {bsl oboj nbqahuubhkjq hoc oi albfcujo/ Qboaj lju lzqehoc aizfc ois {iu` ejahzqj id lbq cuzk hccbasbio hoc hqslnh& qlj {hq diuajc si {iu`

sluizkl lju }ujkohoabjq bo iucju si sh`j ahuj id lbn hoc ljuqjfd/ Hoc zodiuszohsjfr& slj

iofr i}}iuszobsr diu {iu` bq bo slj nbojq/„

H TBFFHKJ ID [BCI[Q

@hfbejub bo Gicl}zu cbqsubas bq h efha` q}is bo slj lbqsiur id nbojq bo Uhghqslho j|jn}fbdrbok

slj j|sjos si {lbal slj zoqhdj nbojq aho cjqsuir slj qiabhf dheuba id ainnzobsr fbdj/ Duin

haabcjosq hoc cbqjhqjq& qb|sr lizqjlifcq bo slbq tbffhkj lhtj fiqs sljbu nhfj dhnbfr njnejuq/

Ioj dhnbfr lhc dizu qioq& hff id {li cbjc {bslbo h q}ho id 8= rjhuq hoc oi{ slbq dhnbfr bq fjds

{bsl dizu {bci{q hoc sljbu albfcujo/ Slj jfcjqs qio‒q {bci{ qhbc slhs qlj fiqs lju lzqehoc

duin qbfbaiqbq/ Sljuj huj qb|sr {bci{q bo slbq tbffhkj oi{& szuobok slj tbffhkj si hfniqs h

tbffhkj id {bci{q/ Niqs {bci{q huj zocju 3= rjhuq& hoc oi{ iofr 1: njo hczfs njo fbtj bo

slbq tbffhkj slzq q`j{bok slj cjnikuh}lbaq bo slj tbffhkj tjur ojkhsbtjfr/

Slj qiabhf }uidbfj id slj {injo nbojuq ujtiftj huizoc lizqjlifc aliujq hoc slj czsbjq si

sljbu dhnbfbjq/ Slj {injo nbojuq chbfr hasbtbsbjq qli{ h qsuiok sjocjoar si qshr botiftjc

{bsl cinjqsba czsbjq uhslju slho lhtj h qiabhf fbdj id sljbu i{o {ljuj sljr aho qbs {bsl sljbu

dubjocq& }zuqzj sljbu lieebjq iu boczfkj bo sljbu bosjujqsq/ Slj {injo {h`j z} hs slj auha`

id ch{o si dbobql cinjqsba {iu` qzal hq afjhobok& djsalbok {hsju& aiffjasbok {iic diu dbuj&

aii`bok hoc sljo sljr qjs aizuqj si slj nbojq/ Hdsju {iu`bok hff chr& sljr ainj eha` bo slj

jtjobok si hkhbo ujqshus sljbu lizqjlifc aliujq {lbal oi{ botiftj aii`bok cbooju hoc

afjhobok/ Slj njo ljf} slj {injo nbojuq hs sbnjq {bsl fii`bok hdsju slj albfcujo hoc

djsalbok {hsju ezs slhs‒q uhuj/ Niqs {injo nbojuq {li lhtj qnhff albfcujo)siccfjuq {li

ahoois ej fjds hfioj sh`j sljbu albfcujo si slj nbojq {bsl sljn/

‖Qhosz Cjtb& 5:.rjhuq.ifc& {iu`q bo slj nbojq gzqs si jhuo 3= uz}jjq& {lbal bq ehujfr joizkl

si sh`j ahuj id lju lzqehoc& {li bq qzddjubok duin szejuazfiqbq& hoc albfcujo/ Li{jtju& jtjo

{ljo qlj ainjq si slj nboj bo slj niuobok& qlj bq ois kzhuhosjjc {iu`/ Qinjsbnjq qlj lhq

si {hbs hff chr diu ho i}}iuszobsr slhs nhr ois ainj/„



55

SLJ LHUCJOJC LHOCQ‒ CHBFR UIZSBOJ

Kjjsh‒q cujhn id ubccbok ljuqjfd duin slj {hffq id slj nbojq hdsju kjssbok nhuubjc cbc ois

ainj suzj& Io slj aiosuhur& nboj qjjnq si ej slj iofr ainnio dhasiu ejs{jjo lju dhslju‒qlinj hoc lju lzqehoc‒q linj/ ]itjusr ain}jffjc Kjjsh si ki eha` si slj nbojq hdsju

nhuubhkj& hoc qi lju fbdj bq ajosjujc huizoc lju {iu` bo slj nboj/ Sluizklizs slj rjhu&

Kjjsh‒q chr ejkboq hs slj auha` id ch{o hq qlj josjuq lju `bsaljo si }uj}huj njhfq hoc

huuhokj diu cbo`bok {hsju/ Hs sbnjq& bo slj dhaj id slj uzql si kjs hff lizqjlifc aliujq cioj

bo sbnj& qlj q`b}q lju i{o eujh`dhqs/ Er 2 bo slj niuobok& qlj fjhtjq diu slj nboj {bsl lju

s{i siccfjuq hs si{/ Hs sbnj qlj lhq si ki huizoc bo nbojq fii`bok diu chbfr gieq& hoc {ljo

qlj kjsq lju szuo bsq nhbofr slj gie id }izocbok qsiojq hoc fihcbok sliqj bosi qsiuhkj hujhq/

Cj}ubtjc id hor dhabfbsbjq qzal hq qlhcj si ujqs& sibfjsq iu cubo`bok {hsju& Kjjsh‒q {lifj chr

kijq h{hr {iu`bok io lju chbfr gie hoc er czq` qlj kjsq ujhcr si fjhtj diu linj/ Io slj

{hr linj& qlj }ba`q z} kuiajur bsjnq duin slj qsiujq& hoc io ujhalbok linj qlj hssjocq sislj kihsq hs linj/ Sljo qlj uj.josjuq lju `bsaljo hoc nh`jq cbooju diu lju dhnbfr

njnejuq/ Lju lzqehoc hs sbnjq nh`jq ho h}}jhuhoaj si cjnhoc niojr diu lbq hfailif hoc

bd ois kbtjo ejhsq lju z}& slzq sh`bok Kjjsh‒q chbfr uizsboj si hoislju j|sujnj/ Li{jtju&

Kjjsh sh`jq slbq hezqj hq h }hus id lju fbdj hoc kjsq eha` si lju chbfr uizsboj ubklsh{hr&

{lbal si{hucq slj fhsju }hus id slj jtjobok ujtiftj huizoc djjcbok lju albfcujo hoc sza`bok

sljn bo sljbu ejc/ Dbohffr& Kjjsh fhrq ci{o si ujqs zosbf slj qzo ubqjq hkhbo․

S{jftj rjhu ifc Qz`b hoc lju ifcju qbqsju sibf zolh}}bfr bo slj qhfs nbojq id Ehunju cbqsubas&

jhuobok h sishf id qb|sr uz}jjq }ju chr& ehujfr joizkl si aitju lizqjlifc j|}jocbszujq/ Slj

s{i qbqsjuq qzddju aioqshos hezqj duin slj nboj aiosuhasiu& hoc sljbu fbtjq kjs {iuqj {ljosljr huubtj linj bo slj jtjobok& j|lhzqsjc hoc lzokur/ Boqsjhc id diic hoc ujqs& sljr dhaj

slj {uhsl id Elhun Uhn& sljbu hfailifba dhslju/ Elhun Uhn qshrq hs linj& qzddjubok duin

qjtjuj ahqjq id hqslnh hoc szejuazfiqbq0 {bslizs horslbok ejssju si ci& lj sh`jq fbxziu jhal

obkls hoc ejhsq lbq chzklsjuq {lbfj cuzo`/

Qz`b lhq xzbjsfr joczujc slj hezqjq hs {iu` hoc hs linj0 si jhqj slj }hbo& qlj lhq

cjtjfi}jc slj lhebs id alj{bok kzsl`h/ Abuaznqshoajq lhtj }zqljc Qz`b bosi h lhuql fbdj bo

slj nbojq7 lju nislju cbjc slujj rjhuq hki duin albfc ebusl& hoc lju hfailifba dhslju lhq

ois {iu`jc diu rjhuq/ Abuaznqshoajq lhtj kissjo {iuqj qboaj qlj qshusjc {iu`bok/ Qljoi{ qzddjuq duin tjusbki hoc {jhòjqq& ejahzqj lju cbjs aioqbqsq hfniqs josbujfr id iobio&

alh}hssbq duin nbffjs& hoc ujc albfb/

‖[lhs heizs kujjo tjkjshefjq hoc ubaj9„ {j hq`jc/

‖Kujjo tjkjshefjq hoc ubaj9„ Qz b̀ ezuqs bosi fhzklsju/ ‖Slhs‒q djqsbthf diic/„



51

SHEFJ :7 NHUBSHF QSHSZQ

Qshszq Gicl}zu Ehunju Nh̀ uhoh Eb`hoju

Nhuubjc ;=* ;</23* 4</;:* 4:*

Zonhuubjc :* =* =* 8=*

[bci{ 5:* 58/=:* 18/5:* 5:*

Hehociojc =* =* =* =*

SHEFJ 47 LZQEHOCQ+ ]UIDJQQBIO

Gicl}zu Ehunju Nhùhoh Eb`hoju

Bq h nboju ;1/4<* 41/84** 4</;:* 44/4;*

[hq h nboju 54/15* 58/=:* 18/5:* 5;/;<*

islju {iu`q =/==* 8:/;2/* =/==* :/:4*

[injo nbojuq huj h{huj slhs sljbu albfcujo ojjc si ki si qaliif/ Slj qzutjr ujqzfsq afjhufr

bocbahsjc slhs bo Nhùhoh& ;:* id slj {injo nbojuq‒ albfcujo ki si qaliif/ Li{jtju& slj

islju slujj cbqsubasq Gicl}zu& Ehunju hoc Eb`hoju lhtj ois dhujc slhs {jff bo slbq ahsjkiur

hq iofr 4=*& 4<* hoc 3=* id slj {injo nbojuq qjoc sljbu albfcujo si qaliif ujq}jasbtjfr/

Slbq }ujqjosq h kubn }baszuj hq bs bn}fbjq nhor albfcujo huj jbslju cui}}bok izs id qaliif huj

qshrbok bffbsjuhsj/ Sljuj huj ozneju id ujhqioq aiosubezsbok si albfcujo ois kibok diu

jczahsbio fb`j jaioinba ain}zfqbioq& kjocju ebhq& hthbfhebfbsr id qaliif hoc nisbthsbio/

[ljuj lhebshsbioq lhtj nzqluiinjc czj si hthbfhebfbsr id {iu` bo nbobok hujhq& bs bq

cbddbazfs si dboc qaliifq bo }ui|bnbsr/ Hfslizkl nhor id qzal lhebshsbioq huj hfniqs

}junhojos/ Hccjc si slhs slj heqjoaj id cjcbahsjc sjhaljuq {li {izfc qjj` izs qz}}ius

hoc joaizuhkj nbojuq si qjoc sljbu albfcujo dzuslju hkkuhthsj slj }uiefjn/ Hfslizkl sljuj

bq oi xzjqsbio io ojajqqbsr id jczahsbio ezs slj diunhf }ubnhur jczahsbio {lbal bq

}uinisjc bq ois hffi{bok fheizujuq si bcjosbdr h }hsl si fii` diu i}}iuszobsbjq bo islju

qjasiuq si jhuo fbtjfbliic/



53

SLUJHSJOJC CBKOBSR& SLUJHSJOJC FBDJ

Qbsh cjtb& h 1= rjhu ifc {inho fiqs lju lzqehoc si Qbfaibqbq/ Si eubok z} lju dizu albfcujo& qlj

qshusjc {iu`bok bo slj nbojq id Gicl}zu cbqsubas/ Lju rizsl hoc tzfojuhebfbsr cbc ois ujnhbo

lbccjo {bsl slj nboj i{oju& aiosuhasiuq hoc sljbu ujfhsbtjq diu tjur fiok/ Sljr qshusjc

j|}fibsbok lju }lrqbahffr hq sljuj {hq oi eicr hs lju linj si uhbqj tibaj hkhboqs sljn/

Io < sl Nhual hs 88}/n/ h nho ,ujfhsbtj id slj nbff i{oju" ahnj hoc diuabefr sii` Qbsh cjtb

{bsl lbn hoc uh}jc lju/ Lju 88 rjhuq ifc chzklsju aizfc ois zocjuqshoc hor slbok hoc

qshusjc aurbok/ Hff ehqsb ainnzobsr khsljujc ezs aizfc ois dboc izs slhs {ljuj lj lhq sh`jo

h{hr Qbshcjtb/ Hdsju s{i lizuq slj qhnj }juqio fjds Qbsh bo slj izsju q`busq id Ehqsb/

[ljo ujqazjc& slj ainnzobsr njnejuq dizoc slhs Qbsh cjtb {hq suhznhsbwjc hoc {hq

aurbok/ Duin lju aiocbsbio bs {hq jtbcjos slhs qlj {hq uh}jc& ezs qlj `j}s lju nizsl qlzs&

hq qlj òj{ slhs er ois cibok qi qlj {izfc lhtj si dhaj liuubefj aioqjxzjoajq/ Fb`j Qbsh

cjtb sljuj huj nhor islju {injo {li huj ejbok j|}fibsjc er sljbu nboj i{ojuq hoc sljbu

ujfhsbtjq ‑ slj xzjqsbio bq li{ aho fbtjq id {injo fb`j Qbsh Cjtb ej niuj qjazujc9 Li{ aho

{injo nbojuq ej kbtjo kujhsju ujq}jas hoc cbkobsr9 |tbb

,'Si nhboshbo aiodbcjosbhfbsr ohnjq id alhuhasjuq huj alhokjc/"

Nhnsh hoc Qhosiql& 83. hoc 81.rjhuq.ifc& ujq}jasbtjfr& ljf} sljbu nislju dbff h suhasiu suiffjr

{bsl cjeubq jhal chr qi qlj aho aiffjas 3= uz}jjq/ [iu`juq huj }hbc iofr bd sljr dbff ho josbuj

suiffjr& hoc qboaj sljbu nislju bq }lrqbahffr {jh`& qlj ahoois haain}fbql slbq shq` er ljuqjfd/



5:

Ioj ainnio djhszuj slhs {hq oisbajc bo hff slj nbojq {hq slj ozneju id albfcujo/ [ljo

joxzbujc si slj ujhqio diu slbq& bs {hq sifc slhs albfcujo {juj bo slj nbojq qbn}fr ejahzqj sljuj

{hq oi ioj hs linj si ahuj diu sljn/ Slj qz}jutbqiu‒q ujq}ioqj& {ljo hq`jc {lr sljqj albfcujo

cbc ois hssjoc qaliif& {hq slhs }hujosq aizfc ois hddiuc si qjoc hff sljbu albfcujo si qaliif/Aioduiosjc {bsl slj bodiunhsbio slhs qaliif jczahsbio {hq dujj diu albfcujo& slj qz}jutbqiu

aizosjujc slhs bs {hq iofr dujj diu ioj niosl& hfslizkl slbq {hq dhaszhffr boaiuujas hoc

jczahsbio diu albfcujo bq dujj diu slj dbuqs dj{ rjhuq/

Nboj i{ojuq sh`j hcthoshkj id albfcujo }fhrbok bo slj nbojq er iddjubok sljn }hfsur qznq diu

shq`q qzal hq afjhubok qnhff uia`q/ Qiio albfcujo hoc }hujosq huj sjn}sjc hs slj }uiq}jas id

albfcujo qz}}fjnjosbok si slj dhnbfr boainj hoc qjj fbssfj thfzj bo sljbu albfcujo diujkibok slbq

si kjs ho jczahsbio/ Nboj{iu`juq {iuur heizs sljbu albfcujo‒q qhdjsr bd sljr {juj si ki si h ebk

absr diu ho jczahsbio iu ejssju gieq/ Qinj nboj{iu`juq }uidjqqjc slhs slbq nbocqjs {hq qfi{fr

alhokbok/ Bo slj fbkls id slj fbnbsjc i}}iuszobsbjq bo nbojq& h dj{ {iu`juq oi{ }ujdju slhs sljbualbfcujo nitj si absbjq diu h ejssju fbdj hoc i}}iuszobsbjq/

Io dzuslju boxzbur bs ahnj si fbkls slhs ioj id slj ujhqioq albfcujo cbc ois ki si qaliif {hq

qbn}fr ejahzqj bs {hq sii dhu h{hr& ezs niuj idsjo albfcujo ljf} sljbu }hujosq bo slj nbojq/

Albfcujo ci kjs }hbc hoc idsjo hq nzal hq sljbu }hujosq/ Rizokju albfcujo ,zocju slj hkj id 4"

huj niqsfr zo}hbc {iu`juq& ezs hcc thfzj er ljf}bok sljbu }hujosq dbobql slj {iu`/ Hfslizkl nboj

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Khnub lhq ioj ujnhbobok qio& ezs lj cijqo‒s qshr {bsl lju& oiu cijq lj }uitbcj lju {bsl horqz}}ius/ Lj fbtjq boqsjhc bo hoislju tbffhkj& {bsl lbq {bdj/ Hdsju diusr rjhuq id nhuubhkj& lj qsbff lhq

oi albfcujo/

Slj kuhocnislju hoc lju s{i kuhocalbfcujo huj oi{ cjqjusjc& ain}fjsjfr ljf}fjqqojqq& cj}jocjos

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}hbc diu qba` chrq iu io lifbchrq hoc sljr lhtj oi alibaj ezs si {iu` zocju sljqj aiocbsbioq hq

sljuj bq oi qliushkj id fheizu hoc nboj {iu`juq aho uj}fhaj sljn hs hor sbnj sljr aliiqj/

Haaiucbok si Fh`qlnb& {injo nboj {iu`juq huj hs niuj id h cbqhcthoshkj hq {injo fheizu bq

niuj ujhcbfr hthbfhefj/ [injo diu j|hn}fj huj }hbc io h chbfr ehqbq hoc ahoois cjnhoc diu ho

hcthoaj io sljbu qhfhur& h fz|zur slhs njo huj kbtjo/

Gh{nio& 3=& hoc lju lzqehoc huj eisl nboj{iu`juq/ Gh{nio lhq 5 albfcujo& ioj {iu`q io sljnbojq {bsl lju hoc slj islju kijq si qaliif/ Gh{nio qshusjc {iu`bok bo slj nbojq hdsju lju

nhuubhkj hoc lhq ejjo {iu`bok diu slj fhqs 8= rjhuq oi{ hoc cijq ois uj}ius hor }husbazfhu

ljhfsl bqqzjq/ Qlj hq}bujq diu h lbklju qhfhur hoc haajqq si ehqba dhabfbsbjq qzal hq cubo`bok

{hsju hoc h sibfjs/ Azuujosfr qlj {hqsjq afiqj si := nbozsjq si haajqq h sibfjs& qlj qhrq/



18

LJHFSL

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15

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diuajc si ujqznj {iu` {bslbo 8: chrq qi qlj aizfc jhuo niojr si }hr idd lju liq}bshf

ebffq/



11

Iaaz}hsbiohf Cbqjhqjq

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SLJ JOCFJQQ CJHSLQ

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13

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1:

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cjsjukjosq/ Li{jtju& sljr dizoc slhs sljr aizfc ois }uiczaj sljqj hs ain}jsbsbtj }ubajq/Oj|s& sljr subjc nh`bok lhocehkq& ezs slbq tjoszuj {hq zoqzaajqqdzf hfqi/

KUHTBQ ujajosfr }uitbcjc slj {injo {bsl qj{bok nhalbojq hoc sljr li}j si ej hefj si

jhuo qinj boainj qsbsalbok afisljq/ Zodiuszohsjfr& sljr lhtj ois ujajbtjc h fis id suhbobok&

qi bs nbkls sh`j qinj sbnj ejdiuj sljr huj hefj si nh`j slbq h }uidbshefj josju}ubqj/ Slbq bq h

}uiefjn slhs qjjnq si iaazu ujkzfhufr7 QLKq huj }uitbcjc {bsl njhoq id }uiczasbio er

OKIq& ezs huj sljo fjds {bslizs hcjxzhsj qz}}ius iu suhbobok/ Diu slbq ujhqio& qzal }uigjasq

idsjo dhbf qbn}fr ejahzqj slj }husbab}hosq huj zoqzuj id li{ si nh`j sljn tbhefj/ J|}joqbtj

nhalbojq huj hehociojc hoc fhr ciunhos& {ljo h fbssfj suhbobok aizfc lhtj suhoqdiunjc

sljn bosi h njalhobqn diu qiabhf hoc jaioinba }uikujqq/

Lhtbok qhbc slhs& sljqj {injo ujshbojc sljbu joslzqbhqn hoc li}j diu slj dzszuj/ Sljr

qjjnjc aiodbcjos slhs ioj chr sljr {izfc ej hefj si iddju sljbu chzklsjuq h dzszuj islju

slho nboj {iu`/ Gzqs hq bn}iushosfr& sljqj }uigjasq iddju ujsbujc nboj {iu`juq ho htjozj id

boainj kjojuhsbio slhs {izfc ois islju{bqj ej hthbfhefj si sljn/ [lbfj nhor njnejuq

aiosbozjc si ujfr io slj nbojq hq sljbu }ubnhur qizuaj id boainj& sljr huj aiodbcjos slhs

sljr {bff ej hefj si kuhczhffr {iu` si{hucq h qbszhsbio {ljuj sljr huj oi fiokju diuajc si

{iu` bo slj nbojq ezs huj bo aiosuif id sljbu i{o cjqsbor/



14

SLJ AIOSUBEZSBIO ER [INJO NBOJUQ

Slj ozneju id {injo nbojuq bq ubqbok uh}bcfr/ Slj Kfiehf Uj}ius er slj Nbobok& Nbojuhfq

hoc Qzqshbohefj Cjtjfi}njos ,NNQC" ]uigjas io Husbqhohf hoc Qnhff Qahfj Nbobok

,Ljosqaljf js hf/ 5==57 58" |tbbb

}ibosjc izs slhs “Pbo^ aiosuhqs si fhukj.qahfj nbobok& slj

botiftjnjos id {injo bo qnhff.qahfj nbobok hasbtbsbjq bq kjojuhffr lbkl/‒ Slj ozneju id

{injo }husbab}hsbok bo bodiunhf nbobok hasbtbsbjq lhq boaujhqjc itju sbnj/ Rjs& {injo

nbojuq huj niqsfr ci{o}fhrjc hq aiosubezsiuq si slj nbobok boczqsur/ [injo bo Bocbho

nbobok huj bocjjc qjjo hq h oio.suhcbsbiohf ain}iojos& hoc aioqjxzjosfr sljuj bq h

sjocjoar si cjor slj dhas slhs {injo huj bn}iushos qjknjos id slj {iu` diuaj/ Bo slj fbkls

id ujajos jaioinba alhokjq bo boczqsubjq& sljuj bq h ojjc si ujtbj{ {injo‒q botiftjnjos bo

slj boczqsur hoc sljuj bq hfqi h ojjc diu ujthfzhsbok slj }uiq}jasq id {injo nbojuq& hoc

sljbu {iu` bo slj nbojq ojjc si ej j|hnbojc/

[injo {iu`juq diun slj }uitjuebhf “}iiujqs id slj }iiu‒ kuiz}& bo zukjos ojjc id

bosjutjosbioq si bn}uitj sljbu dujjcin hoc hebfbsbjq& hoc hfqi si aliiqj hfsjuohsbtj

iaaz}hsbioq diu sljnqjftjq/

Hfslizkl nbojq lhtj h nhqazfboj bnhkj& {injo lhtj hf{hrq ejjo jn}firjc bo nbojq bo

}uiczasbtj uifjq/ Gieq bo slj nbojq huj qj|zhffr qjkujkhsjc& {lbal bq hfqi ujdjuujc si hq

liubwioshf qjkujkhsbio& iddjubok {injo hoc njo ujqsubasjc josur si }husbazfhu gieq/ Diu

j|hn}fj& fiahf suhoq}iushsbio iu nhsjubhfq bq hfniqs hf{hrq cioj bo ljhc fihcq id ehq`jsq er

{injo& {ljujhq sjalobahf gieq ujxzbubok q`bff iu zqj id nhalbojq huj hfniqs hf{hrq

ujqjutjc diu njo/ Slj sr}bahf oisbio bq slhs {injo huj ciabfj& }iqqjqqbok slj }uitjuebhf

‖obnefj dbokjuq„& hoc huj ois qz}}iqjc si ci ljhtr {iu`/ Li{jtju& bo hfniqs hff nbojq hoc

xzhuubjq& bs bq {injo {li ljhc fihc slj azs nbojuhf iujq duin slj nboj qbsj si slj auzqlju&

dhasiur iu slj suza` qsi} hoc slzq ioj {iocjuq li{ bq bs }iqqbefj diu slj ‖obnefj dbokjuq„ si

ahuur qzal ljhtr fihcq/

Alhùhtiusr ,5==87 1<" oisjq7

‖Jn}firnjos id {injo bq tjur }i}zfhu bo i}joahqs nbojq ejahzqj sljr huj niuj ujkzfhu hoc

cj}jochefj hoc ci ois boczfkj bo j|ajqqbtj cubo`bok/ [injo huj bo cjnhoc hfqi diu lhoc qiusbok hoc

efjocbok diu bn}uitbok slj xzhfbsr id j|suhasjc nbojuhfq {lbal aho ois ej khbodzffr ahuubjc izs njalhobahffr/„



1;

DBKZUJ 87 ]FHAJ ID [INJO NBOJUQ BO QNHFF NBOJQ HOC XZHUUBJQ

Fhlbub }ujqjosjc slj heitj dbkzuj si cj}bas slj }fhaj id {injo bo slj nbobok boczqsur/ Slj

cbhkuhn qli{q sljuj bq boaujhqjc zqj id nhalbojq {bsl boaujhqbok fjkhfbsr dhasiu hoc

ah}bshfbqs nicj id }uiczasbio/ Li{jtju& slj nh|bnzn aioajosuhsbio id {injo‒q fheizu bq

si ej euihcfr dizoc bo slj oio.fjkhf hoc nhozhf& qzeqbqsjoaj nbobok }uhasbajq slzq qli{bok

slj qzegzkhsjc qshszq id slj {injo nbojuq/

Slj aiosubezsbio {injo nbojuq bo slj nbojq id [jqsjuo Uhghqslho hq j|}fhbojc er slj

{injo nbojuq sljnqjftjq bq slhs sljr ci lhfd id slj {iu` hoc ljf} njo dbobql sljbu {iu`/

Slj xzhosbsr id aiosubezsbio bq hfqi lhfd id slj {iu`/ [ljo hq`jc h {inho nboju bd qlj

slizkls {injo {iu`jc hq lhuc hq njo bo slj nbojq& qlj {hq hnzqjc er slj xzjqsbio hoc

qhbc slhs {injo {iu` lhucju slho njo jtjur{ljuj& {ljslju hs linj iu bo slj nbojq/

[injo {iu`juq huj jn}firjc hq ljhc.fihc ahuurbok }iusjuq& hoc bo qsioj eujh`bok&afjhobok& hoc islju diunq id chbfr.{hkj fheizu {ljuj sljr huj josbujfr hs slj njuar id

aiosuhasiuq& hoc lhtj heqifzsjfr oi {iu`.qhdjsr iu qjazubsr/ Bd sljuj huj haabcjosq fb`j nboj

aiffh}qj& {ljuj slj {injo huj `bffjc iu cbqhefjc& sljqj huj niqs idsjo lzqljc z} er slj

dhnbfbjq sljnqjftjq& diu djhu id }ifbaj hasbio iu dhabok slj ain}horq {uhsl/ Sljr hfqi hqqbqs

njo {iu`juq hs slj {iu` qbsj er sh`bok sljbu siifq si slj efha`qnbsl diu njocbok& qz}}frbok

cubo`bok {hsju hoc sjh& hoc hfqi diu fihcbok qsioj alb}q iosi suhasiuq.suhbfjuq/

Niqs {injo nbojuq hkujjc slhs sljbu }hrnjos bq ois dhbu hoc bq ejfi{ }hu slj aiosubezsbio

slhs sljr nh`j si slj nbojq/ Sljr hff djjf zocju}hbc ezs sljr ci ois òi{ li{ aho sljr



1<

alhokj slj qbszhsbio bo sljbu dhtizu/ Jtjo sljo h fhukj }ui}iusbio id {injo nbojuq

aiosubezsj qzeqshosbhffr si slj lizqjlifc boainj hq bocbahsjc bo slj shefj ejfi{/

SHEFJ ;7 AIOSUBEZSBIO SI NIOSLFR LIZQJLIFC

Gicl}zu Ehunju Nhùhoh Eb`hoju

:==.8=== :=* :5/41* ;:* 2=*

8==8.8:== 3:* 54/18* 4/5:* 8=*

8:=8.5=== :/==* 58/=4 8</;: =/==

niuj sljo 5==8 =/==* =/==* =/==* =/==*

[injo nbojuq‒ aiosubezsbio bq afjhufr zocjuuhsjc hoc sljbu }isjosbhf si kui{ bq azuejc hq

bocbahsjc er izu qzutjr slhs iofr 4/:* id slj ujq}iocjosq lhtj ujajbtjc hor suhbobokq diu

ah}habsr cjtjfi}njos/ Slj }ujthfjos kjocju efbocojqq bq ietbizq hq niqs id slj sbnjq slj

xzjqsbio hq si {lr {injo nbkls ej aioajosuhsjc bo slj niuj huczizq gie id lhoc.qiusbok&

fihcbok ehq`jsq hoc ahuurbok ljhc fihcq bq bkoiujc/ Slj qj|zhf cbtbqbio id fheizu bo qnhff

nbojq hoc xzhuubjq }ujqjosjc er Alhssi}hclrhr ,5==5" diu nbah dhasiubjq bo Kbubcbl bo

jhqsjuo Bocbh afjhufr qli{q slhs njo sjoc si ci niuj q}jabhfbqjc hoc q`bffjc gieq slhs idsjo

botiftj slj zqj id nhalbojq/ Ietbizqfr& ljhc fihcbok id 5=.1= `bfikuhnq bq ois aioqbcjujc si

ej zoqzbshefj diu {injo {bslbo slj nboj/

Szuobok si hoislju hq}jas& bd slj uhokj id }ji}fj hqqiabhsjc iu {iu`bok {bslbo slj nbobok

boczqsur bq qauzsbobwjc& bs {bff ejainj tbqbefj slhs {injo huj }zs bosi slj fi{jqs uzok id slj

boczqsur/ Sr}bahffr& nboj ,iu xzhuur" i{ojuq iu slj fjqqjjq {li ieshbo slj

}junbsq)fbajoqjq)}junbqqbioq& botjqs slj ah}bshf& hoc lbuj aiosuhasiuq si uzo slj chr si chr

nbobok i}juhsbioq/ Sljqj i{ojuq idsjo lhtj fiahf hqqiabhsbioq/ Slj }ui}iusbio id {injo bo

eisl sljqj ahsjkiubjq bq hfniqs wjui/ Aiosuhasiuq& nhohkjuq& qz}jutbqiuq& haaizos.`jj}ju

hoc islju afjubahf }iqbsbioq huj hfniqs josbujfr nhfj cinbohsjc/

Oj|s ainjq slj nboj {iu`juq ‑ {li dhff bosi slujj ahsjkiubjq7 sliqj {li cbk& sliqj {liahuur fihcq& hoc sliqj {li }uiajqq/ [injo‒q fheizu bq zqzhffr dizoc si ej aioajosuhsjc bo

slj s{i fhssju qze.kuiz}q/

Slzq& {injo {iu` bo fhukj oznejuq& bo ubq`r hoc nhozhf gieq bo slj nbojq& {bsl fbssfj iu oi

qhdjsr iu qjazubsr& hs fi{ {hkjq hoc idsjo hq }hus id dhnbfr fheizu/ Sljr {iu` hq

suhoq}iusjuq iu fihcjuq& hoc hq }uiajqqiuq id nbojuhfq/ Slbq fjhcq si slj zodiuszohsj fha` id

bcjosbdbahsbio id {injo hq “nbojuq‒ ,Qzqh}z hoc Aubq}bo bo 5==8 oisjc slbq }ljoinjoio

hfqi bo ]h}zh Oj{ Kzbojh"/ Slj azfszuhffr uiisjc kjocju ebhq hkhboqs {injo nbojuq bq

dzuslju ujbodiuajc sluizkl nhor fjkhf boqsuznjosq slhs fbnbs {injo‒q fheizu si q}jabdba gieq

bo q}jabdba }fhajq hoc sbnjq/



12

Sbgh Cjtb& h :: rjhu ifc {inho nboj{iu`ju bo h nboj bo Eb`hoju/ Sbgh Cjtb lhc iofr ejjo {iu`bok bo

slbq nboj diu h chr {ljo {j njs lju/ Jhufbju qlj {hq {iu`bok bo hoislju nboj diu ojhufr 8= rjhuq

ezs slj i{oju suhoqdjuujc lju si hoislju nboj& }julh}q si htibc }hrbok lju h }joqbio/ Hdsju 8=

rjhuq id {iu`bok bo nbojq& {iu`juq lhtj slj ubkls si h }joqbio hoc ljoaj nboj i{ojuq {iu` huizoc

slbq jbslju er ois ujkbqsjubok slj {iu`juq iu qbn}fr suhoqdjuubok sljn jtjur dj{ rjhuq si hoislju

nboj/

Nboj {iu`juq huj diuajc si fbtj h lhoc si nizsl j|bqsjoaj io chbfr {hkjq/ [bsl oi }uiq}jas id

cuh{bok h }joqbio hoc zohefj si qhtj& Sbgh Cjtb hoc islju {iu`juq lhc oi ujq}ioqj {ljo {j hq`jc

sljn {lhs sljr {izfc ci {ljo sljr kui{ sii ifc si {iu`/ Sljr huj qbn}fr zohefj si dhslin li{

sljr {bff ai}j czubok sljbu ifc hkj/

Huj slj j|bqsbok ubklsq hoc ejojdbsq joizkl9 Kbtjo slhs {injo nbojuq lhtj ejjo {iu`bok

hfiokqbcj slj njo diu h fiok sbnj& sljuj huj ajushbo }uitbqbioq)josbsfjnjosq diu {injo

nbojuq bo Bocbh/

UBKLSQ ID [INJO NBOJUQ

Qjasbio 83 Absbwjoq lhtj slj ubkls si jxzhfbsr bo }ifbsbahf& qiabhf hoc jaioinba qjasiuq/

Qjasbio 8: ,8" Oi ioj aho ej cbqaubnbohsjc io slj ehqbq id ujfbkbio& uhaj& ahqsj& qj|& hoc

ebusl}fhaj/

Qjasbio 8:,1" Slj kitjuonjos qlhff nh`j q}jabhf }uitbqbioq diu {injo hoc albfcujo/

Qjasbio 84 Hff absbwjoq lhtj jxzhf i}}iuszobsr diu jn}firnjos hoc h}}ibosnjos si hor iddbaj

bo slj kitjuonjos/

Qjasbio 12 ,H" Slj kitjuonjos nzqs joqzuj jxzhf ubklsq si njo hoc {injo diu hcjxzhsj

njhoq id jn}firnjos/

Qjasbio 12 ,A" Njo hoc {injo cibok jxzbthfjos {iu` qlhff ujajbtj jxzbthfjos {hkjq/

Qjasbio 12 ,J" Absbwjoq qlizfc ois ej ain}jffjc izs id jaioinba ojjc si }judiun ho hasbtbsr

slhs bq boh}}ui}ubhsj diu sljbu hkj& qsujoksl& hoc)iu ljhfsl/

Qjasbio ,35" Slj kitjuonjos qlizfc nh`j }uitbqbioq diu joqzubok dhbu hoc lznhoj

aiocbsbioq diu ljhfsl hoc nhsjuobsr hqqbqshoaj/

Qjasbio ,3;" Slj kitjuonjos qlhff bn}uitj fbtbok qshochucq hoc }zefba ljhfsl/ Bs qlhff

jocjhtiu si eho lhundzf njcbabojq& j|aj}s sliqj }ujqaubejc er h fjkbsbnhsj

hzsliubsr/Qjasbio :8 ,H$C" Slj kitjuonjos qlhff ujczaj }uhasbajq slhs cbnbobql {injo‒q cbkobsr/

Qjasbio 8: ,H$J" Slj aioqsbszsbio bn}fiujq jtjur absbwjo si ois cbqujq}jas {injo/



3=

NBOJQ HAS ID 82:5

Slbq has lhq cjtjfi}jc fh{q diu joqzubok slj qjazubsr id nboj{iu`juq hoc }uisjasbok sljn

duin j|}fibshsbio/ Sljqj huj7

Afhzqj 5= ,8" Sljuj qlhff ej qj}huhsj sibfjsq bo hcjxzhsj ozneju diu nhfj hoc djnhfj{iu`juq bo slj nbojq/ Sljr qlizfc ej aindiushefj hoc haajqqbefj si hff slj

jn}firjjq id slj nboj hs hff sbnjq/

Afhzqj 5= ,1" Slj ozneju id sibfjsq hoc zubohfq qlizfc }ui}iusbiohf si slj ozneju id njo

hoc {injo jn}firjc bo slj nbojq/

Afhzqj 34 ,8" [injo qlhff ois ej jokhkjc bo ho hasbtbsr slhs bq&

,H" ejfi{ kuizoc

,E" heitj kuizoc ejdiuj 4 h/n/ hoc hdsju ; }/n/

Afhzqj 1= ,8" Oi }juqio qlhff {iu` diu niuj slho 3< lizuq h {jj` hoc 2 lizuq }ju chr/

Afhzqj :5 ,5" Nhsjuobsr fjhtj id s{jftj {jj`q qlhff ej }uitbcjc si slj djnhfj {iu`juq

{bslizs cjczasbio id {hkjq/

Ujtbj{q id Fh{q ujfhsbok si [injo

‥ Slj Ci{ur ]uilbebsbio Has&8248,5< id 8248"

‥ Slj Ainnbqqbio id Qhsb,]ujtjosbio" Has&82<;,1 id 82<<"

‥ Slj Bnniuhf Suhddba,]ujtjosbio" Has&82:4

‥ Slj Bocjajos Uj}ujqjoshsbio id [injo,]uilbebsbio" Has&82:4

‥ Aicj id Aubnbohf ]uiajczuj&82;1

‥ Bocbho ]johf Aicj&8<4=

‥ Slj Lbocz Nhuubhkj Has&82::,5< id 82<2"

‥ Ain}zfqiur Ujkbqsuhsbio id Nhuubhkjq,Oj{ Fjkbqfhsbio"

‥ Jtj Sjhqbok ,Oj{ Fjkbqfhsbio"

‥ Slj Albfc Nhuubhkj Ujqsuhbos Has&8252

‥ Slj Njcbahf Sjunbohsbio id ]ujkohoar Sjqs&82;8,13 id 82;8"

‥ Slj Kzhucbhoq hoc [hucq Has&8<42

‥ Slj Bocbho Qzaajqqbio Has&825:,12 id 825:"

‥ Slj Nbobnzn [hkjq Has

‥ Slj Dhasiubjq Has&823<

‥ Slj Kzhucbhoq hoc [hucq Has&8<4=,< id 8<2="

‥ Slj Lbocz Hci}sbioq hoc Nhbosjohoaj Has &82:4 ‥ Slj ]uj.Ohshf Cbhkoiqsba Sjalobxzj,Ujkzfhsbio hoc }ujtjosbio id Nbqzqj" Has&8223

‥ Slj Lbocz Qzaajqqbio Has&82:4

‥ Slj Alubqsbho Nhuubhkj Has&8<;5,8: id 8<;5"

‥ Ohsbiohf Ainnbqqbio diu [injo Has&822=,5= id 822="

‥ Slj Eiocjc Fheizu Qrqsjn,Heifbsbio" Has&82;4

‥ Slj Jxzhf Ujnzojuhsbio Has&82;4

‥ Slj Q}jabhf Nhuubhkj Has&82:3

‥ Slj Bosju.Qshsj Nbkuhos [iu`njo,Ujkzfhsbio id Jn}firnjos hoc Aiocbsbioq id qjutbaj"

Has&82;2

‥ Slj Nzqfbn ]juqiohf Fh{,Qlhubhs" H}}fbahsbio Has&821;

‥ Slj Lbocz Nboiubsr hoc Kzhucbhoqlb} Has&82:4

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http://ncw.nic.in/frmReportLaws16i.aspx





























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38

‥ Slj Jn}firjjq‒ Qshsj Boqzuhoaj Has&823<

‥ Slj Bocbho Jtbcjoaj Has&8<;5,rjs si ej ujtbj{jc"

‥ Slj Dhnbfr Aizusq Has&82<3

‥ Slj Albfc Nhuubhkj Ujqsuhbos Has&8252,82 id 8252"

‥ Slj Diujbko Nhuubhkj Has&8242,11 id 8242"

‥ Slj Aiosuhas Fheizu ,Ujkzfhsbio hoc Heifbsbio" Has&82;2 ‥ Slj Bocbho Cbtiuaj Has&8242,3 id 8242"

‥ Slj Gztjobfj Gzqsbaj,Ahuj hoc ]uisjasbio id Albfcujo" Has&5===

[lbfj slj heitj shefj qshsjq slhs sljuj huj ajushbo ejojdbsq& josbsfjnjosq hthbfhefj si

{injo nbojuq& slj qzutjr aioczasjc er slbq qszcr bocbahsjq slhs sljuj bq fhukj kh} ejs{jjo

}ifbar hoc }uhasbaj/ Slj fha` id h{hujojqq hniok slj {injo nbojuq hcc si slj }uiefjn&

hq {bsl fha` id òi{fjckj ainjq heqjoaj id cjnhocq diu slj josbsfjnjosq hoc slj ubklsq

hthbfhefj si sljn/ Nhor {injo nbojuq huj qsbff qsuzkkfbok si ujajbtj ain}joqhsbio duin

slj nboj i{ojuq diu sljbu lzqehoc‒q cjhsl duin iaaz}hsbiohf ljhfsl lhwhucq/

Ohzgb Cjtb ,1=" hoc lju albfcujo qsiic sljuj& fii`bok iosi slj cbusr& kuhtjf uihc fjhcbok si oi{ljuj/

Sljr {hbsjc s{jftj nioslq diu slj lbkl aizus si kuhos cjhsl ain}joqhsbioq0 sljr huj qsbff {hbsbok&

iofr si ej kujjsjc jhal chr er qhoc& czqs& hoc slj efi{bok {boc/

Ohzgb‒q lzqehoc }hqqjc h{hr& fjhtbok lju hoc lju albfcujo {bsl oislbok ezs cjes/ Lj {iu`jc bo slj

nbojq diu dizusjjo rjhuq& dbuqs ejainbok bff {bsl szejuazfiqbq hoc sljo cjtjfi}bok qbfbai.szejuazfiqbq/

[bslizs ljhfsl aitjuhkj& lj lhc si aiosuhas h fiho id dizusjjo slizqhoc uz}jjq diu njcbahf

j|}joqjq/ Lj ujajbtjc h kihs duin KUHTBQ diu niuj ozsubsbiohf cbjs& ezs bs aizfc ois qhtj lbn duin

crbok }ujnhszujfr/

Diu slj fhqs dbtj rjhuq& Ohzgb Cjtb lhq ejjo {iu`bok hq h {hqshkj aiffjasiu& jhuobok s{josr si slbusr

uz}jjq h chr/ Lju jfcjqs chzklsju ,<" sh`jq ahuj id slj rizokju albfcujo ,4 hoc 1" hs linj/ [ljo

hq`jc bd qlj {izfc fb`j si ki si qaliif& slj jfcjqs chzklsju qlii` lju ljhc hoc }ibosjc si lju

nislju ‑ qlj {hosjc si gibo lju nislju bo slj nbojq qiio& qi slhs slj dhnbfr aizfc lhtj ioj niuj

eujhc {booju/

[injo sjoc si haaj}s }iiuju {iu`bok aiocbsbioq7 fi{ju {hkjq slho njo& oi jxzb}njos iu

qhdjsr kjhu iu qhdjsr jczahsbio& oi sibfjsq iu fbtbok dhabfbsbjq {bslbo afiqj }ui|bnbsr& uhuj hoc

zo}hbc lifbchrq hoc zo}hbc }ujkohoabjq/ Idsjo slbq bq hqqiabhsjc {bsl }lrqbahf hoc qj|zhf

j|}fibshsbio er slj aiosuhasiuq& ai.{iu`juq hoc islju fiahf njo/ Nhgiu haabcjosq niqsfr

afhbn slj fbtjq id njo hq sljr huj slj iojq }ujqjos bo slj zocjukuizoc gieq/ Nboiu

haabcjosq czj si efhqsbok iu dhffq huj ainnio diu eisl {injo hoc njo/ Qbn}fj qhdjsr kjhu

qzal hq qlijq& nhq`q hoc ljfnjsq bq ois qz}}fbjc& oiu bq suhbobok bo sljbu zqj }uitbcjc/ Qoh`j

ebsjq hoc bozochsbioq aho hfqi afhbn fbtjq/




















35

Hoalb‒q lzqehoc @hfz Uhn qzddjuq duin fbtju jofhukjnjos hoc lhq ejjo heqjos duin slj nbojq diu

slj fhqs dizu rjhuq/ Lj fbjq bo ejc jtjurchr& zohefj si ljf} slj qsuzkkfbok dhnbfr& lbq aiocbsbio

cjsjubiuhsbok si h }ibos id oi ujszuo/ Si }hr diu @hfz‒q njcbahf sujhsnjos& Hoalb lhq boazuujc niuj

slho s{josr slizqhoc uz}jjq bo cjes0 si }hr slj cjes hoc qzqshbo chbfr j|}jocbszujq& lju slbusjjo

rjhu ifc chzklsju Kzccb hfqi {iu`q bo slj nbojq/

‖Qlizfco‒s Kzccb ki si qaliif9„ {j hq`jc Hoalb Cjtb/

‖[lhs bq slj zqj id qaliif9„ Hoalb ujsiusjc& lju jrjq cuii}bok/ ‖[bslizs diic& {j lhtj oi

qzutbthf/„

Hoalb sifc zq slhs& qinjsbnjq& qlj {izfc ej kfhc si qbn}fr qzutbtj diu hoislju chr/ Hdsju rjhuq id

ehaèujh`bok fheiu bo slj nbojq& qlj lhq cjtjfi}jc qjtjuj ljhfsl }uiefjnq7 hojnbh& tjusbki& hoc

fjzaiuuljh/ Bo hccbsbio si lju qbaòjqq& Hoalb hfqi lhq si joczuj aioqshos qj|zhf lhuhqqnjos duin

nboj i{ojuq hoc nboj aiosuhasiuq/ Hfslizkl bocbkohos hs slj hezqj& Hoalb aho iofr `jj} xzbjs hoc

joczuj slj }hbo& ejahzqj qlj djhuq slj aioqjxzjoajq id q}jh`bok izs ‑ iddjocbok nboj i{ojuq

njhoq fiqbok lju iofr fbtjfbliic/

‖[j huj sishffr cj}jocjos io Kic(„ Hoalb fjs izs h aur id cjq}juhsbio& ajushbo slhs ciin fhr

hljhc/

Slj Diazq Kuiz} Cbqazqqbioq {bsl niqs {injo nbojuq lhtj ujtjhfjc slhs sljr ci ois òi{

slj qahfj id }hrnjos slhs slj kitjuonjos lhq qjs z} diu nbojuq/ Sljr ci ois jtjo òi{

{lhs bq slj nbobnzn {hkj hnizos hoc lhtj ojtju ujajbtjc ain}joqhsbioq diu horslbok/

Duin sljbu }juq}jasbtj sljbu jn}firnjos qshszq hfioj lhq cbqhcthoshkjq7 sljr huj ois

ljhuc& huj ujkzfhufr sujhsjc ehcfr hoc ci ois lhtj slj i}}iuszobsr si qjj ejrioc {lhs slj

nhfj cinbohsjc nbojq hffi{ sljn si qjj/ Slj boaujhqbok sujoc id bodiunhfbwhbok {injoaiosubezsbio er `jj}bok sljn hs slj eissin id slj ehuujf lhq qzqshbojc slj zodhbu qrqsjn/

Hoc sljujdiuj slj {injo nbojuq lhtj h fis id cbqhcthoshkjq cjq}bsj slj dhas slhs sljbu

aiosubezsbio si slj boczqsur bq j|sujnjfr bn}iushos/



31

ALH]SJU 17 KIIC ]UHASBAJQ

Cjq}bsj slj itju{ljfnbok alhffjokjq ujtiftbok huizoc slj {injo nbojuq‒ fbdj&

bosjutjosbioq huj ejbok nhcj si eubok qinj }iqbsbtj bn}hasq/ Ioj id slj dbuqs bosjutjosbioq

lhq ejjo si }uisjas slj fbtjfbliic id slj nbojuq er eubokbok “cjqbuhefj alhokjq‒ qzal hq7

kjojuhsbio id hfsjuohsbtj njhoq id fbtjfbliic& ujkjojuhsbio id fbtjfbliic qizuajq& hoc

ujlhebfbshsbio id slj cbq}fhajc }i}zfhsbio|b|

/

Jddiusq lhtj hfqi ejjo nhcj si ci h{hr {bsl slj “zocjqbuhefj alhokjq‒ slhs fjhc si slj

cbq}fhajnjos id h fiahf }i}zfhsbio/ Bosjutjosbio bo slbq ahqj {izfc ej si i}}iqj slj hasbtbsr

ahzqbok slj zocjqbuhefj alhokj sluizkl qsuiok ujqjhual hoc ciaznjoshsbioq hoc er

jddjasbtj ojs{iu`bok& ahn}hbkobok hoc hctiahar/5 Bs hfqi }uitbcjq slj nbojuq slj qsujoksl

si ehukhbo diu {iu` io dhbu aiocbsbioq/

[lbfj j|}fhbobok slj sljiur id ‖ah}habsr j|}hoqbio„ Hnhusrh Qjo& dhnjc Jaioinbqs& qhbc

slhs lznho ah}hebfbsr bq ioj id slj aiuj bqqzjq slhs dzfdbff slj bcjh id “cjtjfi}njos hq

dujjcin/‒ Lj dzuslju qhbc slhs jaioinbaq qlizfc ej heizs cjtjfi}bok slj ah}hebfbsbjq id

}ji}fj er boaujhqbok slj i}sbioq hthbfhefj si sljn/ Sljujdiuj& si eubok heizs suzj

jn}i{junjos id {injo& jolhoajnjos id ah}hebfbsr qjsq id {injo bq h nzqs diu qiabhf hoc

ainnzobsr cjtjfi}njos/ ‖Cjtjfi}bok slj ah}hebfbsr id {injo& {izfc johefj slj {injo

si slbo` uhsbiohffr io bqqzjq id aioajuo bo slj ujkbio& nisbthsj sljn si uhbqj sljbu tibaj bo

}zefba& cjtjfi} slj }juqiohfbsr hoc fjhcjuqlb} q`bffq& jddjasbtjfr }husbab}hsj bo fiahf

kitjuobok boqsbszsbioq& ezbfc zobsr hniok sljn hoc ljf} sljn ehukhbo hoc ojkisbhsj {bsl

slj nbobok ain}hor/„||

Slj Jojukr hoc Ujqizuaj Boqsbszsj id Bocbh ,SJUB" lhq ahuubjc izs qjtjuhf qszcbjq bo slj nbojq

id Bocbh si qzkkjqs kiic }uhasbajq diu hffjtbhsbok slj fbtjq id {injo nbojuq/ Bs lhq bcjosbdbjc

slujj nhbo }bffhuq id bosjutjosbioq7 hasbtbsbjq diu h{hujojqq kjojuhsbio& aujhsbio id Qjfd Ljf}

Kuiz}q hoc hfsjuohsbtjq fbtjfbliicq& hoc ljhfsl ujfhsjc }uikuhnnjq/

Kuhnbo Tb`hq Tbkrho Qhnbsb ,KUHTBQ" lhq ejjo {iu`bok si bn}uitj slj fbtbok hoc {iu`bok

aiocbsbioq id slj nboj{iu`juq diu afiqj si qjtjosjjo rjhuq oi{/ [bsl }biojjubok bobsbhsbtj

qzal hq slj dbuqs uizoc shefj aiodjujoaj {bsl slj kitjuonjos io slbq bqqzj hoc hctiahar diu

slj ubklsq id slj nboj{iu`juq& KUHTBQ lhq ahutjc h }hsl si{hucq h ejssju dzszuj/

Bo aiffheiuhsbio {bsl nhor iukhobwhsbioq qzal hq Wbfh Kuhnbo Tb`hq Qhoqslho ,WKTQ"& Ljhfsl&

Jotbuionjos hoc Cjtjfi}njos Aioqiusbzn ,LJCAIO" hoc {bsl slj qz}}ius id slj

Bosjuohsbiohf Cjtjfi}njos J|alhokj ,BCJ\" hoc NBQJUJIU& KUHTBQ lhq aioqbqsjosfr

ujq}iocjc si slj nboj{iu`juq bqqzjq/



33

Qshusbok bo slj Gicl}zu cbqsubas id Uhghqslho bo 8228& KUHTBQ qjs izs io h nbqqbio si

jn}i{ju slj }iiu hoc eha`{huc nbobok ainnzobsbjq/ [bsl nhor qzegjasjc si slj j|sujnj

afbnhasba aiocbsbioq bo slj Slhu hfiok {bsl slj lhwhucizq {iu`bok jotbuionjos bo slj

nbojq& {bsl oi qlhcj& sibfjs dhabfbsbjq& }ubnbsbtj hoc cjhcfr siifq& oi qba` josbsfjnjosq&

lifbchrq iu nhsjuohf fjhtj0 KUHTBQ lhq qizkls si ainehs sljqj bqqzjq ljhc.io/

KUHTBQ lhq ejjo {iu`bok hasbtjfr diu slj jn}i{junjos id nboj{iu`juq bo slj ujkbio diu

slj fhqs 8; rjhuq/ Qinj id slj jddiusq slhs KUHTBQ lhq zocjush`jo diu slj jn}i{junjos id

slj nbobok ainnzobsbjq huj fbqsjc ejfi{7

JN]I[JUNJOS

Jn}i{junjos joshbfq òi{fjckj& h{hujojqq& hoc ah}habsr si ej qjfd ujfbhos si nh`j slj ubkls

alibajq/ Sljujdiuj& KUHTBQ lhq nhcj ho hssjn}s si eubok heizs h lifbqsba jn}i{junjos hniok slj

nbojuq sluizkl bobsbhsbtjq bo jczahsbio& ljhfsl ahuj& hoc er qjssbok z} h ojs{iu` id Qjfd Ljf} Kuiz}q/

H[HUJOJQQ KJOJUHSBIO

KUHTBQ {iu`q si kjojuhsj h{hujojqq io ljhfsl& jczahsbioq& ubklsq& kitjuonjos qaljnjq&

qhobshsbio& qhdjsr jsa/ H{hujojqq hasbtbsbjq }uitbcjc slj }fhsdiun diu {iu`juq si aiotjuqj

{bsl isljuq {li huj bo h qbnbfhu qbszhsbio hoc hffi{ sljn si j|}fhbo sljbu }uiefjnq ejdiuj

slj }ji}fj ujq}ioqbefj/ Hfqi& h{hujojqq ahn}q kjojuhsjc bosjuohf h{hujojqq hniokqs nboj

{iu`juq hoc lbklfbkls slj bn}iushoaj id ujkbqsjubok diu slj zobio/ Qzal hasbtbsbjq huj jbslju

ljfc afiqj si slj tbabobsr id nbojq iu bo tbffhkjq {ljuj nboj {iu`juq huj jn}firjc/

ZOBIOBWHSBIO

Zobiobwhsbio7 Ioj id slj niqs bn}iushos iegjasbtjq bq si iukhobqj slj qjjnbokfr

zoiukhobqjc {iu`juq bo slj nbobok qjasiu id Uhghqslho/ Ejbok slj qjaioc fhukjqs jn}firju

bo slj qshsj& bs }uitbcjq slj kitjuonjos {bsl boainj sh|jq hoc joqzujq slhs slj jaioinr

ujnhboq ljhfslr/ Aioqbcjubok slbq& nboj {iu`juq huj jhqbfr diukissjo bo slj qrqsjn& rjs sljr

huj hukzhefr slj niqs bn}iushos/ Sljujdiuj& slbq }uitbcjq h eha`kuizoc diu diunbok zobioq&

johefbok sljn si lhtj h kujhsju tibaj bo hccujqqbok sljbu }fbkls/ Zobioq {juj hfujhcr

jqshefbqljc bo Gicl}zu hoc Ohkhzu {bsl s{i oj{ zobio jqshefbqljc bo Ehunju hoc Eb`hoju&

bo 5==:/ Slj njnejuqlb} bo sljqj zobioq bq itju <===& {bsl h}}ui|/ 51* djnhfj njnejuq/Sbnj si sbnj& suhbobok {iu`qli}q huj iukhobwjc si ezbfc sljbu ah}habsr hoc òi{fjckj io

uifjq& ujq}ioqbebfbsbjq& fbo`hkjq hoc boaujhqbok njnejuqlb}q/ Rjhufr aiodjujoajq huj ljfc&

{bsl }husbab}hsbio uhsjq id ;:* si <=*/ J|}iqzuj tbqbsq hfqi qjoqbsbwj sljqj zobioq hoc sjff

sljn {hrq bo {lbal cbddjujos zobioq {iu` hoc qz}}ius sljbu njnejuq/ Hctiahsjq hqqbqs

sljqj zobioq io fjkhf hq}jasq/

JAIOINBA JN]I[JUNJOS

Qjfd.Ljf} Kuiz}q ,QLK" huj jqshefbqljc si hccujqq slj ojtju jocbok cjes slhs bq ezucjobok

qi nhor nboj {iu`juq bo Uhghqslho/ Slj zoujhqiohefr lbkl bosjujqs uhsjq slhs huj }fhajc



3:

iosi slj nboj {iu`juq er slj nboj i{ojuq iofr josujoaljq sljbu dbohoabhf qbszhsbio jtjo

cjj}ju bosi aubqbq/ QLK huj diunjc si kbtj njnejuq ho i}}iuszobsr si qhtj niojr hoc sh`j

izs fihoq duin h ujfbhefj bosju.fihobok qrqsjn nhohkjc bosjuohffr/ Dzusljuniuj& nhor QLK

lhtj sh`jo izs j|sjuohf fihoq duin eho`q iu dbohoabhf boqsbszsbioq bo iucju si bobsbhsj

hfsjuohsbtj boainj kjojuhsbok hasbtbsbjq/ Aioqjxzjosfr& qinj nboj {iu`juq lhtj

jqshefbqljc sljbu i{o ezqbojqqjq hoc }uitbcjc hfsjuohsbtj boainj/ Zfsbnhsjfr& slj qaljnj

khtj njnejuq slj aiodbcjoaj ojjcjc si jqshefbql h qjfd.cj}jocjos fbdj hoc ho htjozj izs

id slj nbojq/

[bsl dbohoabhf suhbobokq& sljqj {injo lhtj fjhuojc oj{ q`bffq qzal hq nhohkbok sljbu

lizqjlifc dbohoajq/ Slj {injo huj ainnbssjc njnejuq id slj QLK hoc dbunfr ejfbjtj slhs

slj kuiz} aho bn}uitj sljbu fbtjq/ Czubok slj uhbor qjhqio& diu j|hn}fj& {ljo sljr ahoois

{iu` bo slj nbojq& sljr iukhobwj sljnqjftjq si nh`j ejc qljjsq& qinj id {lbal huj qifc si

sljbu ojbkleizuq si `jj} slj boainj dfi{bok bo/

Tiahsbiohf suhbobokq7 Slj diukissjo {iu`juq bo slj nbojq huj slj lhocbah}}jc iu sljaluiobahffr bff& {li nhr ej qzddjubok duin cbqjhqjq iu bogzubjq duin {iu`bok hnbcqs slj

iaaz}hsbiohf lhwhucq bo slj nbojq/ Hccjc si slbq }hbo& bq slj ezucjo id aioqshos ljhfsl

j|}joqjq/ Tiahsbiohf suhbobok shukjsjc sljqj kuiz}q qi slhs sljr aho jhuo ho boainj&

{bslizs slj lhuc fheizu hqqiabhsjc {bsl slj nbojq/ Slj suhbobok boafzcjc q`bffq bo qih}q hoc

cjsjukjosq nh`bok& qj{bok& jneuibcjur& q}jabjq& }ba`fjq& }h}hc& nhokiub hoc islju lhoc

nhcj }uiczasq/ ]uiczasq huj sljo qifc fiahffr si ojbkleiuq& hq {jff hq bo QLK ai.i}juhsbtj

qli}q/

Ah}bshf hqqbqshoaj7 KUHTBQ lhq }uitbcjc dbohoabhf qz}}ius si niqs tzfojuhefj {injo bo slj

nbobok ainnzobsr qi slhs sljr aho sh`j bobsbhsbtj hoc jhuo sljbu fbtjfbliic {bsl ujq}jas/Slbq hqqbqshoaj bq eha`jc er suhbobokq io qshusbok slj josju}ubqj hoc nhohkbok dzocq/ Fis id

{injo lhtj oi{ ainj izs id slj arafj id j|}fibshsbio hoc uzoobok sljbu ezqbojqqjq/

Ujtiftbok dzoc7 Qzal dzocq huj }uitbcjc si QLKq {lbal huj sljo fihojc si njnejuq/ Sljqj

fihoq huj sljo uj}hbc si slj ajosuhf QLKq ah}bshf dzoc io h oi.bosjujqs ehqbq/ Hq slj niojr

bq ujajbtjc eha` duin ioj QLK& bs bq dzuslju }uitbcjc si islju QLK diu fihobok hoc

qz}}iusbok bsq njnejuq/ Bo slj qjfjasbio id ujab}bjosq& }ubiubsr bq kbtjo si {bci{q hoc

{injo bo cbuj jaioinba qbszhsbioq/

@UBRH7 Bo 5==:.=4 KUHTBQ fhzoaljc h oj{ tjoszuj ahffjc “@ubrh‒& si eubok hff slj boainjkjojuhsbok hasbtbsbjq id QLK {injo zocju ioj euhoc/ Bs bq ho bobsbhsbtj si cjtjfi} slj

fjhcjuqlb}& boainj kjojuhsbio hoc }uigjas bn}fjnjoshsbio ah}habsbjq id slj njnejuq id

QLKq sluizkl tiahsbiohf suhbobok hq {jff hq suhbobok io fjhcjuqlb} hoc }uigjas nhohkjnjos/

Slj tjoszuj {bff hfqi ljf} slj {injo si jqshefbql nbaui.ezqbojqqjq hoc johefj sljn si

lhtj ho haajqq si slj nhu`jsbok {iufc/ Slj QLK njnejuq duin slj nbojq lhtj hfqi ejjo

fbo`jc si slbq tjoszuj/

Aii}juhsbtj qli}7 Ai.i}juhsbtj qli}q lhtj ejjo jqshefbqljc si ahsju slj ojjcq id bqifhsjc

ainnzobsbjq/ Bosjujqsbokfr& hff id slj ai.i}juhsbtj qli}q huj i{ojc& i}juhsjc hoc nhohkjc

er djnhfj QLK njnejuq {li jbslju {iu`jc& iu {liqj lzqehoc {iu`jc& bo slj nbojq/ Ioaj



34

slj qli}q lhtj ejjo jqshefbqljc& hoc ejkboq si nh`j h qsjhcr }uidbs& bs bq iofr sljo slhs

oinbohf nioslfr uj}hrnjos bq nhcj io slj }uboab}hf/ Dzusljuniuj& oi bosjujqs bq }hbc io

slj fiho/

JCZAHSBIO

Jqshefbqlnjos id qaliif7 Qboaj slj ejkboobok id bsq jddiusq {bsl slj bn}uitbok slj fbtjq id

slj nbojuq& KUHTBQ lhq ejjo {iu`bok io }uinisbio id jczahsbio sluizkl jqshefbqlnjos

hoc }uinisbio id qaliif jczahsbio bo nbobok hujhq/ Nhor id slj jhufbju jqshefbqljc qaliifq

huj hfujhcr lhocjc itju si qshsj kitjuonjos diu nhohkjnjos/ KUHTBQ }uitbcjq

boduhqsuzaszuj ,ezbfcbok" sjhalbok fjhuobok nhsjubhf& qshsbiohur hoc jczahsbiohf siifq diu

dujj& hq {jff hq zobdiunq diu kbufq& bo iucju si }uinisj jczahsbio/ Bosjujqsbokfr& 4=* id slj

jouiffjc albfcujo huj kbufq/ Aioqbcjubok slj ozneju id albfc nboj {iu`juq jn}firjc bo slj

boczqsur hoc slj dhnbfr ezucjoq }fhajc io sljn& sljqj qaliifq }uitbcj li}j diu qinj

albfcujo {li aho fii` diu{huc si h eubklsju dzszuj/

Hs }ujqjos& 2 qaliifq huj uzoobok {bsl slj qz}}ius id KUHTBQ bo slj dizu shukjs nbobok hujhq

hoc huj nhohkjc er slj Tbffhkj Cjtjfi}njos Ainnbssjj ,TCA" hoc slj Tbffhkj Jczahsbio

Ainnbssjj ,TJA"/ Bo TJAq {injo uj}ujqjoshsbio bq heizs :=* {lbal }fhrq ho bn}iushos

uifj bo }uinisbio id kbuf jczahsbio bo slj shukjs ujkbioq/

Sjhaljuq‒ suhbobokq7 [bsl h tbj{ si ezbfc slj ah}habsr id slj sjhaljuq& suhbobokq diu sljn

lhtj ejjo iukhobwjc er KUHTBQ/ Slj hbn id slj suhbobokq {hq si bosuiczaj qszcjos dubjocfr

sjhalbok siifq si slj sjhaljuq {lbal aizfc ej zqjc er sljn si nh`j jczahsbio niujbosjujqsbok/ Slj suhbobokq hfqi }uitjc si ej ho j|ajffjos }fhsdiun si euhboqsiun hoc cjtjfi}

booithsbtj qsuhsjkbjq si qiftj qinj id slj alhffjokjq slj sjhaljuq dhajc bo sljbu ujq}jasbtj

qaliifq/ Si boaujhqj slj jouiffnjos id qszcjosq bo slj qaliifq hoc hfqi si boaujhqj slj

ujsjosbio uhsj h qsuhsjkr {hq gibosfr cjtjfi}jc er slj }husbab}hosq/

J|}iqzuj diu albfcujo7 Albfcujo‒q {iu`qli}q huj ljfc si cbqazqq bqqzjq ujfhsbok si fbtbok bo

slj nbobok ainnzobsr/ Slj }husbab}hosq id slj jtjos uhokj duin cbddjujos qjasbioq boafzcbok

kitjuonjos iddbabhfq& cjtjfi}njos hasbtbqsq& nboj i{ojuq& fjhcjuq hoc njnejuq duin slj

fheizu zobio& qaliif sjhaljuq hoc qszcjosq/ Si aujhsj bosjujqs hniok slj }husbab}hosq& qlius

}fhrq huj }judiunjc er qszcjosq {bsl slj qaub}s cjtjfi}jc er }uidjqqbiohf {ubsjuq/ Sljbqqzjq }ujqjosjc bo slj }fhrq boafzcj lizqjlifc aiocbsbioq hoc aioqjxzjoajq id hccbasbio/

J|}iqzuj tbqbsq diu qaliif albfcujo duin slj nbojq huj hfqi iukhobwjc si }fhajq fb`j wii& diusq

hoc abuazq jsa/

LJHFSL AHUJ

KUHTBQ lhq qjs z} h kuiz} id ciasiuq hoc islju ljhfsl }uidjqqbiohfq {li iukhobwj njcbahf

ahn}q hoc dbuqs hbc {iu`qli}q bo iucju si sujhs hoc jczahsj {iu`juq id slj iaaz}hsbiohflhwhucq bo slj nbojq hoc }ujtjos haabcjosq



3;

Njcbahf Ahn}q7 Sljuj bq ho bn}juhsbtj ojjc si diazq io slj {jff.ejbok id nboj {iu`juq&

czj si slj fha` id ehqba iaaz}hsbiohf ljhfsl hoc qhdjsr qshochucq ejbok jodiuajc bo slj

nbojq/ Njcbahf ahn}q }uitbcjc slj i}}iuszobsr diu ljhfsl alja`q& sujhsnjos id nboiu

bogzubjq hoc cbhkoiqbq id aluioba cbqjhqj fb`j SE& qbfbaiqbq& qbfbai szejuazfiqbq& hqslnh&

krojaifikbahf }uiefjn jsa {lbal huj ujdjuujc si ojhuer liq}bshfq/ Hfqi& nhor }hsbjosq huj

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_India

http://www.indianindustry.com/indian-economy/


http://nagaur.nic.in/

http://sas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/2/217



http://www.paycheck.in/main/officialminimumwages/rajasthan


http://www.iied.org/mmsd/mmsd_pdfs/asm_global_report_draft_jan02.pdf

http://www.iied.org/mmsd/mmsd_pdfs/asm_global_report_draft_jan02.pdf





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_India

Documents

Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS