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8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
1/21
8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
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8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
CATA LY ST FOR ECONOMICACTIVIT Y
Entrepreneurship and the informal sector
- If the customer does not buy, the entrepreneur doesnot live Relationship between entrepreneurship and
economy- Multi-faceted and complex
Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs)
Van Schaik Publishers
8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
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ENTREPRENEURS AT VARIOUS
L EVE L S OF ENTREPRENEURIA L SOPHISTICATION
Basic survivalist: no economic independence P re-entrepreneur: collectivism
Subsistence entrepreneur: self-employed
Micro-entrepreneur: zero to nine employees
Small-scale entrepreneur:
ten to 49 employeesVan Schaik Publishers
8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
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B ACKGROUND AND
CHARACTERISTICS OFENTREPRENEURS
B ackground C hildhood family environment Education A ge W ork experience
Van Schaik Publishers
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B ACKGROUND AND
CHARACTERISTICS OFENTREPRENEURS
C haracteristics
- P assion- Locus of control- Need for independence- Need for achievement
- R isk taking and uncertainty- C reativity and innovation- Determination and persistence
Van Schaik Publishers
8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
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RO L E MODE L S AND
SUPPORT S Y STEMS
Business W omens A ssociation
Entrepreneurial networking Social networks P ersonal networks
Extended networks Other
Van Schaik Publishers
8/8/2019 Women Entrepreneurs 1
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PUSH AND PU LL FACTORS OF
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
P ush factors(necessity)
U
nemployment Job insecurity Disagreement with
management
Does not fit into theorganisation No other alternatives
P ull factors(opportunity)
Independence A chievement R ecognition P ersonal development
P ersonal wealth
Van Schaik Publishers
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Van Schaik Publishers
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CHA LL ENGES FACING
ENTREPRENEURS AND
SMMES IN SOUTH AFRICA
Access to start-up and expansionfinance
Access to markets
Access to appropriate technology Access to resources
Van Schaik Publishers
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W OMEN AND EMERGING
ENTREPRENEURS
A successful women entrepreneur is one who has been inbusiness for longer than two years, operated anenterprise with more than five employees and less than
30, made a profit and expanded in terms of infrastructureand growth.
Types of women entrepreneurs Traditional women business owners Innovative women business owners Domestic women business owners R adical women business owners
Van Schaik Publishers
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Van Schaik Publishers
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B ARRIERS FACING
W OMEN ENTREPRENEURS
Access to financial resources
Lack of supportNegative prevailing socio-cultural attitudeSex discrimination or gender-bias
Limited research done P ersonal difficulties
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EMERGING
ENTREPRENEURS Characteristics of informal and survivalistenvironment
Mostly from rural areas No running water and electricity The level of formal education is very low Economic activities are very low
Demographically, it is the most impoverishedenvironment
Live in shacks and mud houses
Van Schaik Publishers
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND
OTHER UPCOMING
INDUSTRIESTechnology entrepreneurs(Technopreneurs)
Social entrepreneursTourism entrepreneurs Opportunities: accommodation sector of industry,
transport industry and man-made attractions
Minority entrepreneurship A s a subject in schools Examples: U niversity of P retoria
and U niversity of C ape Town Van Schaik Publishers
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ENTREPRENEURS VS
INVENTORS
Role of entrepreneurs and inventorsOngoing relationship and processInventor definition: Someone who hasdeveloped an innovation and who has decidedto make a career out of presenting thatinnovation to the marketEntrepreneur takes over from inventor Inventors highly creative but relativelyfew management skills
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CONC L USION
Entrepreneurship: key driver of economic growth and development inSouth A frica
Create environments where business willthriveEffective internal people management
Chinese saying: Success depends on
good timing, a proper environment andpeople in harmony.
Van Schaik Publishers