WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

INDEX (WEI)

©

Luxi Hong2015/05/14

What is Empowerment?

Why WEI?

One of THP’s 12 principles.

“Start by empowering women as key change agents.”

Research theories

"Self-Reliance”

Available data

Goal of WEI

The goal of WEI, as an M&E tool, is to measure the status of women’s empowerment in THP target communities over time.

Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index

(WEAI)

WEAI = (0.90 × 5𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷) + (0.10 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺)

WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)

Domain Indicator Weight

Production Decision-making

Input in productive decisions 1/10

Autonomy in production 1/10

Access to Productive Resources

Ownership of assets 1/15

Purchase, sale, or transferof assets 1/15

Access to and decisionson credit 1/15

Control overUse of Income

Control over use of income 1/5

Community Leadership

Group member 1/10

Speaking in public 1/10

Time AllocationWorkload 1/10

Leisure 1/10

A woman who has achieved ‘adequacy’ in 80% or more of the weighted indicators is empowered.

5 Domains of Empowerment in WEAI

WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)

The gender parity index (GPI) measures women’s empowerment relative to that of men by comparing the 5DE profiles of women and men in the same households.

GPI reflects:1. The percentage of women who enjoy gender parity. A woman enjoys gender parity if

- she is empowered;- if her empowerment score is equal to or greater than

the empowerment score of the primary male in her household.

2. The empowerment gap: the average percentage shortfall that a woman without parity experiences relative to the male in her household.

Gender Parity Index (GPI) in WEIA

• He is the percentage of empowered women

• Hd is the percentage of disempowered women

• Ae is the average absolute empowerment score among the disempowered

• HGPI is the percentage of gender parity-inadequate households

• IGPI is the average empowerment gap between women and men living in households that lack gender parity.

5 DE= He + Hd × Ae GPI = 1 – HGPI × IGPI

WEAI = (0.90 × 5DE) + (0.10 × GPI)

WEI =∑𝑖𝑖=111 [(0.60 × 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 + 0.40 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖) × 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖]

Women Achievement Ratio (WAR)

Domain Indicator Weight Target

Agency (20%)

Community Decision Making 7 75%

Household Decision Making 7 75%

Spousal Abuse is Unacceptable 6 100%

Income(20%)

Owning and Operating Businesses 10 22%

Access to Financial Service 10 35%

Leadership (20%)

Membership in Community Organization 10 40%

Speaking in Public 10 75%

Resources (20%)

Literacy Rate 10 50%

Prenatal Care 10 100%

Time (20%)Time Spent on Gathering Cooking Fuel 10 55%

Division of Domestic Tasks 10 50%

WAR=Score from Survey

Target

Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight

Gender Parity Ratio (GPR)

GPR=Women ScoreMen Score

Indicator Score = [(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight

1WAR

WEI = ∑𝑖𝑖=111 [(0.60 × 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 + 0.40 × 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖) × 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖])

GPR

Domain Indicator Weight Target Gender Score from Survey WAR GPR WEI

Agency (20%)

Community Decision Making 7 75%Women 60.2%

0.80 0.85 5.75Men 51.2%

Household Decision Making 7 75%Women 52.8%

0.70 0.92 5.54Men 48.8%

Spousal Abuse is Unacceptable 6 100%Women 96.9%

0.97 0.95 5.76Men 91.6%

Income (20%)

Owning and Operating Businesses 10 22%Women 30.7%

1.40 2.01 10.00Men 15.3%

Access to Financial Service 10 35%Women 30.7%

0.88 0.86 8.71Men 35.7%

Leadership (20%)

Membership in CommunityOrganization 10 40%

Women 30.7%0.77 0.84 7.97

Men 36.5%

Speaking in Public 10 75%Women 69.9%

0.93 0.75 8.61Men 92.9%

Resources (20%)

Literacy Rate 10 50%Women 37.5%

0.75 0.52 6.60Men 71.6%

Prenatal Care 10 100% Women 90.6% 0.91 1.00 9.44

Time (20%)

Time Spent on Gathering Cooking Fuel 10 55% Women 15.7% 0.29 1.00 5.71

Division of Domestic Tasks 10 50%Women 76.1%

0.48 0.22 3.74Men 16.5%

TOTAL 100 77.82

Atuobikrom_G

hana

Domain Indicator Weight Target Gender Score from Survey WAR GPR WEI

Income (20%)

Access to Financial Service 10 35%

Women 30.7%0.88 0.86 8.71

Men 35.7%

Leadership (20%) Speaking in Public 10 75%

Women 69.9%0.93 0.75 8.61

Men 92.9%

Resources (20%) Literacy Rate 10 50%

Women 37.5%0.75 0.52 6.60

Men 71.6%

=37.5%/50% =37.5%/71.6%

=[(0.60×0.75)+(0.40×0.52)] × 10Indicator Score =[(0.60 × WAR) + (0.40 × GPR)] × weight

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

CommunityResponsibility

HouseholdDecision

Spousal abuse Business Financial Service CommunityMembership

Speaking inPublic

Literacy Prenatal Care Cooking fuel Domestic tasks

Comparison between Women and Men: Atuobikrom_Ghana

Women Men Target

AGENCY22%

INCOME24%LEADERSHIP

21%

RESOURCES21%

TIME12%

Contribution of five Domains: Atuobikrom_Ghana

AGENCY INCOME LEADERSHIP RESOURCES TIME

Gap Analysis

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Agency Income Leadership Resources Time

Domain Gap Analysis

Score Target

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00WEI of 20 Epicenters in Africa

Strong Correlation

• PPI (-0.68)• Secondary School Enrollment (0.72)• and Women's Dietary Diversity (0.70)

Next Steps

• More research on women empowerment• More calculation and more validation• More correlation analysis• Adding questions Household Survey specifically targeting on WEI

Questions?