Women and African Americans

Women• By the mid 19th century, middle and

upper class women could afford to stay home.

• Poor women had to work for wages outside of their home

• What jobs did they do?

Women

• Farm Women did not change

• Helped on the farm and with livestock as well as house work

Domestic Workers

• Cleaned houses

• Tended to be black women

- Cooks- Laundresses,

scrub, maids

Women• Industry

- Factories gave women new options of employment

- 1 in 5 women held jobs- Worked the lower skilled jobs, were paid ½

of what men made

• Began to fill secretary, school, and store positions

Women In Industry

• Issues:

- Work conditions

- low wages

- long hours

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

• Burned down in 1911

• Women were locked in to keep working

• 146 died

Women Reform

• All women colleges began to open

• Wellesley, Vassar

• Educated Women joined the reform

Three Part Strategy• 1) Tried to convince states to grant women

the right to vote- Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, & Idaho

• 2)Pursued court cases to test the 14th amendment

-Anthony tried to vote in 10 states

• 3) Pushed for National constitutional amendment

19th Amendment

• 1920

• Granted women suffrage nationally

African American Rights

• Roosevelt supported individuals not all civil rights

Booker T. Washington

• Head of an All Black Vocational Training School

• Respected by Prominent Whites

• Blamed black poverty on the black community; urged to accept discrimination

• Change yourself not others

Booker T. Washington

• Gradualism- Social and Political equality should be long term goals

• Encouraged immediate economic advancement through vocational training and hiring of black workers by white industrialists

W.E.B. Dubois

• Criticized Washington

• Dubois called for immediate economic and social equality through academic education, political action, and protest

• Helped establish NAACP in 1909

• Worked for civil rights