Wolfgang Anders - Indico · Wolfgang Anders, HZB RF Transmitters for BERLinPro and BESSY II ELBE CW RF Workshop 14./15.3.2013 4. BESSY II RF transmitters: •Klystron based • 1

Wolfgang Anders

RF Transmitters at BERLinPro and new Transmitters for BESSY II CW-RF workshop ELBE March 14-15, 2013

Wolfgang Anders, HZB RF Transmitters for BERLinPro and BESSY II ELBE CW RF Workshop 14./15.3.2013 2

•

Transmitters for BERLinPro

•

Klystron transmitters

•

Solid state transmitters

•

New transmitters for BESSY II

•

Choice of transmitter type

•

Tetrode

•

Klystron

•

IOT

•

Solid state amplifier

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BESSY II RF transmitters and need for replacements

•

RF transmitter requirements BERLinPro

OUTLINE


BESSY II

BESSY II RF TRANSMITTERS


BESSY II RF transmitters: •Klystron based

•

1 x 40 kW for synchrotron (Valvo klystron)•

4 x 75 kW for storage ring (3 x Thales, 1 x E2V klystron)

•Power supplies with thyristors using a star point choke


Transmitters BESSY II

HV collector power supply gallery

HV frontend with klystron

Control racks gallery

Five identical transmitters using four 75 kW klystrons and one 40 kW klystron (booster)


BESSY II: Status of Klystrons

Booster : 112,600 h 40 kW YK1263 VALVO klystronStorage ring 1: 17,200 h 75 kW TH2133 Thales klystronStorage ring 2: 107,900 h 75 kW TH2133 Thales klystronStorage ring 3: 104,000 h 75 kW K3755 E2V klystronStorage ring 4: 77,000 h 75 kW TH2133 Thales klystron (from MaxLab)

Spare 1: ~27.000 h 75 kW TH2133 Thales klystronSpare 2: new h 75 kW K3755 E2V klystronSpare 3: new h 75 kW K3755 E2V klystron

Spare 4: ~81.000 h 75

kW TH2133 Thales klystron (emission low, water repaired)Spare 5 old 40 kW YK1263 VALVO klystron (for booster)

Two defect TH2133 one 51.000 h heater and one unknown error old MaxLab klystron

It is not possible to get spare tubes:•Thales tube out of production•E2V has not send an offer, several requests since more than two

years

•CPI has a klystron same power level, but not produced last years

BESSY II klystrons get old (hours are high voltage operation!):


There is the need to replace the transmitters !!

•

No spare klystrons available on market•

Aging electronics an mechanical components


BERLinPro


HOW AN ERL WORKS

Linac

Undulator(en)

Injektor

Dump

E ↑

E ↓

Beam loading cancels out in linac

Full beam loading in injector


BERLINPRO RF REQURIEMENTS

3 x 7 cell cavities, 44MeV

3 x 2 cell cavity, 4.5MeV@100mA 1.5-2MeV@100mA

SRF electron source:full beam loading

200 kWcw

Booster cavities:full beam loading

450 kWcw

Linac: energy recovery

< 5 kW kWcw


BASIC PARAMETERS OF BERLINPRO

Energy ~ 50 MeV

Merger energy ~ 6.5 MeV

Beam current 100 mA

Emittance 1 mm mrad (normalized)

Electron source superconduncting RF photoinjector

Gun transmitter 270 kW 1.3 GHz

Booster cavities 3 x 2‐cell

Booster transmitter

2 x 160 (270) kW+ 1x 15 (200) kW

Linac cavities 3 x 7 cell

Linac transmitter 3 x 15 kW

RF TRANSMITTERS OVERVIEW

Wolfgang Anders Status & Progress: SRF Systems

for BERLinPro 2. MAC Meeting 11.-12.5.2012 12

base design upgrade option

stage 1 stage 2

transmitter power

Gun cavity 160 kW 270 kW 270 kW

Booster Cavity 1 15 kW 15 kW 80 kW



Linac Cavity 1-3 15 kW 15 kW 15 kW

Two types of transmitters:•Three (1x gun, 2x booster) injector transmitters 270 kWcw

to cover beam loading

270 kW transmitters staged approach (cost driven):•Stage 1: 160 kW (RF limit at ~40 mA beam current)•Stage 2: 270 kW full power for 100 mA beam loading

•

One injector transmitter 15 kWcw (cost driven), upgrade to high power possible

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Three Linac transmitters 15 kW to generate cavity voltage and to compensate microphonics


Choice of transmitters


Screen Grid

Heater

Anode PS

~~~

~~~ RF Output

RF Input

Cathode

Anode

Grid Bias

Tetrode

Control Grid

RF power generation: Tetrode

Tetrode:

•Intensity modulation of DC beam by control grid•Robust•Typical up to 400 MHz•High power MW´s


RF power generation: Klystron

Heater

Collector PS

Getter Pump PS

Anode Modulator

~~~

~~~

Focus Magnet PS

Cathode

CollectorOutput Resonator

Control Grid

RF Output

RF Input

Klystron Klystron:

•Intensity modulation of DC beam by cavity•Output cavity•Typical 300 MHz –

30 GHz

•High power MW´s•High gain


RF power generation: IOT

Collector PS

Control Grid

Getter Pump PS

Heater

~~~IOT

Collector

Cathode

Output Resonator

RF Output

RF Input

Grid Bias

~~~Focus Magnet PS

IOT:

•Intensity modulation of DC beam by control grid•up to 1300 MHz•moderate power (<100 kW)


~~~~~~RF OutputRF Input

RF power generation: SSA


Architecture

of a 350 MHz 180 kW solid state amplifier (I)

200 kW100 kW25 kW2,5 kW28 V 600 W DC/DC converter315 W power module

10 x power combiner

Ti Ruan


160 way power combiner (AREVA) 180 kW 350 MHz solid state amplifier, each column 45 kW (Soleil)

Architecture of a 350 MHz 180 kW solid state amplifier (II)

315 W

45 kW

total 640 modules !! in case of single module failure, no trip 30,000 h operation -- no trip !!


Cavity combiner to sum up power of 120 RF modules in one device (Jörn Jacob)

Solid State Amplifiers –

new developments

Prototyp of a cavity combiner


0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

10 100 1000 10000 100000

f [MHz]

RF

Pow

er [

kW]

CW

P

ulse

d

IOTs

CW Klystrons

Single Transistors

Tetrodes

pulsed

BESSY II Transmitters

Usefull range for RF power devices

BERLinProTransmitters


Klystron IOT Solid statePower level Up to MW < 100 kW but R&D for

higher level ongoing200 W-1 kW single transistor, 150 kW at ESRF and Soleil

Efficiency High efficiency in saturation, which drops rapidly at reduced powerClass A operation

High efficiency, which does not drop quickly at reduced power.Class B operation

High < 800 MHz to moderate >800 MHzClass B operation

Gain High gain (> 40 dB) Low gain ~22 dB Low gain 15-25 dB

Operating voltage

High voltage 20 kV ... 200 kV


28 / 50 / 700 V

Reliabillity normal normal High

Maintainabillity PoorHV installation

PoorHV installation

Very goodHot plugged modules

Expandabillity poor poor good

Spare parts Out of production for medium power levels

Available, but not many users

Available, but models changing fast

Klystron vs IOT vs solid state amplifier

UHF and L-Band


Which type do we

order ?


Choice of technology BESSY II

Klystron IOT Solid statePower level Up to MW < 100 kW but R&D for

higher level ongoing200 W-1 kW single transistor, 150 kW at ESRF and Soleil

Efficiency High efficiency in saturation, which drops rapidly at reduced powerClass A operation

High efficiency, which does not drop quickly at reduced power.Class B operation

High < 800 MHz to moderate >800 MHzClass B operation

Gain High gain (> 40 dB) Low gain ~22 dB Low gain 15-25 dB

Operating voltage



28 / 50 / 700 V

Reliabillity normal normal High

Maintainabillity PoorHV installation

PoorHV installation

Very goodHot plugged modules

Expandabillity poor poor good

Spare parts Out of production for medium power levels

Availiable, but not many users

Availiable, but models changing fast

UHF and L-Band

Out of productionAt MLS instabilities seen

Same price as IOT, higher

reliabillity, lower noise

Our choice


BESSY II applies solid state technology

Cryoelectra

500 MHz1 x 35 kW4 x 70 kW


BESSY II 70 kW Solid state transmitter

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Better efficiency than klystron due to class AB operation

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High reliability by using redundant power supplies and high number of RF modules

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Low noise (see next slide)

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Transmitters will be delivered in 2013/2014 and installed in 2014/2015

Design of new solid state transmitter. Power supply modules are in left and right rack, combiner and RF modules in the middleCourtesy Cryoelectra


Noise spectrum of RF transmitters

Noise spectrum of transmittersRed: master clock (input)Blue: transmitter output signalScaling: 10 Hz to 100 kHz -50 dBC to -150 dBC

Noise spectrumof klystron

transmitters

without loops

Noise spectrumof solid state

module(preliminary,

only one module100 W RF-power, DC power > 1kW)

without loops

Solid state transmitter will have much lower noise than klystron transmitters.Now we are working on lowering the noise on the master clock.

klystron

solid state transmitter

with feed forward and

feedback loops


BERLinPro applies:

•

Solid state technologyBruker (SigmaPhi)

1.3 GHz 15 kW

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Klystron technologyFUG / CPI

1.3 GHz 270 kW

15 KW LINAC TRANSMITTERS


for BERLinPro 2. MAC Meeting 11.-12.5.2012 29

Gallery of 10 kW solid state transmitters by Bruker at HZDRCourtesy Bruker

Booster 1 transmitter and linac transmitters will be 15 kW solid state transmitters


270 KW INJECTOR TRANSMITTERS

Klystron collector power supply build out of 30 x 20 kW DC-modules for 270 kW RF output.

Klystrons have special tuning:•Klystrons con not be operated in saturation (380 kW !!)•Klystrons are optimizes for high differential gain of min. 0.5 dB/dB at 270 kW (needed for properly working LLRF) •Stable operation up to 290 kW•Efficiency better 52 %

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Klystrons ordered in parallel with TRIUMF to save costs

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Transmitters ordered•

Circulator & loads ordered

First installation is using 20 x 20 kW DC- modules the RF output is 160 kW


Design of 600 kW power supply for klystron transmitter Courtesy FUG

SUMMARY


for

BERLinPro

2. MAC Meeting 11.-12.5.2012 32

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BESSY II need new transmitters, because no spare Klystrons are available

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Solid state technology is best choice fro 500 MHz 70 kW

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BERLinPro

need 270 kW and 15 kW transmitters

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Klystron technology ist

best choice for 270 kW 1.3 GHz

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Solid state technology is best choice for 15 kW 1.3 GHz

Wolfgang Anders, HZB RF Transmitters

for

BERLinPro

and BESSY II ELBE CW RF Workshop 14./15.3.2013 33

Thank you

Documents

Wolfgang Anders - Indico · Wolfgang Anders, HZB RF Transmitters for BERLinPro and BESSY II ELBE CW RF Workshop 14./15.3.2013 4. BESSY II RF transmitters: •Klystron based • 1