Company

Service Sectors: ~ Metal and non-metal mining ~ Energy ~ Water resources ~ Industrial ~ International development

Office Locations: ~ Australia Perth

~ Canada Vancouver

Waterloo ~ Chile Santiago ~ Peru Lima ~ UK Shrewsbury

~ USA Denver Reno Tucson

Expertise: ~ Groundwater Hydrology Water quality Geochemistry Drilling and hydrologic testing ~ Surface Water Hydrology Water resource engineering Flood analysis Water resource planning Erosion and sedimentation ~ Environmental Science Hydraulic design Risk assessment Decision analysis Remedial action design ~ Modeling Groundwater modeling Hydrodynamic modeling Data management and GIS Heap leach dynamics Vadose zone hydrology ~ Project management Turnkey services Geology and remote imaging

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is an international company specializing in the development, management and environmental protection of water resources. Since its inception in 1989, WMC has expanded to a global network of nine offices on four continents and is now recognized as a worldwide leader in providing water-related scientific and engineering services. We have conducted projects in over 50 countries in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Africa and Australia/Pacific. With global coverage, we can easily assemble a local project team to work with our client’s technical and management personnel and with other stakeholders.

The success of WMC is largely based on our proven track record of employing top-level people who provide high-quality, solution-oriented services to our clients. WMC is a leader in developing and applying innovative approaches and technologies to water management issues. Our clients recognize the benefits of innovation in many ways including lower project costs, streamlined permitting, improved efficiency and sustainability.

The following information describes our service sectors, office locations, and areas of expertise.

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Services

Mining ∼ Hydrologic baseline studies

∼ Feasibility studies

∼ Water supply

∼ Dewatering and depressurization

∼ Site water management

∼ Tailing management

∼ Geochemistry and ARD studies

∼ Closure and reclamation

∼ Heap leach dynamics

∼ Numerical modeling

Energy ∼ Water supply ∼ Water quality studies ∼ Environmental permitting

∼ Coal mine hydrology

∼ Oil field water management ∼ In-situ uranium mining

∼ Site remediation

Water Resources ∼ Volume and location assessment

∼ Pumping and pipeline schemes

∼ Urban and Industrial water supply

∼ Rural water supply and sanitation

∼ Hydraulic structures

∼ Dam rehabilitation

∼ Reservoir management

∼ Basin management

Environment ∼ Baseline surveys

∼ Environmental impact assessment

∼ Soil and groundwater contamination

∼ Groundwater flow and transport modeling

∼ Environmental compliance and permitting

∼ Wetland hydrology

∼ Passive treatment

International Development ∼ Planning and economic studies

∼ Flood risk management

∼ Institutional frameworks ∼ Water supply and sanitation

∼ Water resource management ∼ Decision analysis

∼ Basin management plans

The successful completion of any project relies on uniting varied skills in a balanced way under effective management. Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) offers a wide variety of water-related scientific and engineering services. Our professional staff are specialists in areas including groundwater hydrology, surface water hydrology, water resource engineering, geochemistry, hydraulic design, hydrodynamic flood modeling, tailing management, groundwater flow and transport modeling, vadose zone hydrology, decision analysis, risk assessment, environmental permitting, remedial design, site closure and data management . Specific capabilities, segregated by service sector, are summarized below.

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Principals

Mark Anderson brings over 25 years of experience working as a consulting geophysicist on groundwater, engineering, and mining projects throughout Australasia. He has worked on four continents managing water supply, hydrogeological, and environmental projects. Mark specializes in surface and downhole geophysics for groundwater exploration and has given a number of lectures and training programs. John Andrew has over 35 years of experience in water-resource engineering, mine hydrology, tailings management, mine closure, and dam rehabilitation. He has worked on a wide range of projects in North America, South America, Asia/Pacific, and Middle East. He has been the principal engineer on numerous projects for major dam rehabilitation, tailings-dam design and management, hydraulic design, flood studies, and construction. Geoff Beale has worked for over 25 years in hydrology and water engineering. Since becoming a consultant in 1980, he has managed water supply and mine dewatering projects in Europe, North and South America, Africa, and the Middle East. He has worked in management positions in support of several international drilling contractors and mining companies and has extensive project management experience directing multimillion-dollar contracts. Peter Baur has over 20 years of experience in surface water and groundwater resource development and management. He has worked extensively for international aid funded projects in South America, Africa, Middle East and Asia/Pacific. His experience includes rural and urban water supply, flood studies, environmental impacts, water quality, saline intrusion, training programs, and policy development. Richard Boak has over 22 years of professional experience as a hydrogeologist and engineer. Richard has particular expertise in water resources planning, groundwater protection, small-scale rural water supplies, borehole construction and test pumping, and assessment of the environmental effects of groundwater abstraction. He has extensive international experience, with a strong focus on Africa. Richard is a Chartered Geologist and Chartered Engineer. John Chahbandour has 15 years of experience with a broad, technical background in hydrology, hydrogeology, and water-resource engineering. He has worked on projects in North and South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Rim. He is responsible for innovations in real-time monitoring of heap leach pads and has specialized experience in hydrogeologic characterization, saturated and unsaturated flow, contaminant transport, and environmental geochemistry related to closure operations. John McCartney is WMC's general manager for South America. He has been with WMC since 1995 and knows much of what WMC has done in the South American region, a veritable project database in himself. John has worked as operations manager in Peru and Chile and his current role now sees him overseeing WMC activities in a number of countries in the region. Jerry Rowe has over 30 years of experience in hydrogeology, water resources, solid and hazardous waste management, environmental permitting and engineering design. He has managed a wide range of projects in the United States, South America, and Asia/Pacific. He has worked extensively for the mining industry conducting mine dewatering, water supply, and environmental permitting projects. David Sellars has over 35 years of experience in hydrology and water-resource planning, river engineering, water-quality studies, and hydraulic design. He has worked extensively in North America, South America, the Caribbean, Africa, and the Pacific Rim. As the principal engineer, he used state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models on a flood control project for the Red River that won the Consulting Engineering of British Columbia Award of Excellence.

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) employs a world-class team of top-level personnel as represented by the principals of the com-pany listed below.

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Offices

AUSTRALIA Water Management Consultants Pty Ltd Level 3 123B Colin St. West Perth WA 6005 Tel: +61 8 9226 1722

BRAZIL Schlumberger Water Services Av. das Americas 1650, Bloco 3 1 andar, Barra da Tijuca Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22640-101 Tel: +55 21 3541 7019

CANADA

CDN Water Management Consultants Inc. 130-10691 Shellbridge Way Richmond, British Columbia V6X 2W8 Tel: +604 273 6299

CDN Water Management Consultants Inc. 30 Dupont Street East Suite 205 Waterloo, Ontario N2J 2G9 Tel: +519 342 8391 Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc 460 Phillip Street, Suite 101 Waterloo Ontario N2L 5J2 Tel: +1 519 746 1798 Westbay Instruments 3480 Gilmore Way Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4Y1 Tel: +604 984 4215 Tel: +800 663 8770 (North America only)

CHILE Water Management Consultants (Chile), Ltda. Avda. Pdte. Kennedy 5757 – Piso 9 Las Condes, Santiago Tel: +56 2 4835800

FRANCE (Headquarters)

Schlumberger Water Services Le Palatin 1 cour de Triangle 92936 La Defense, Paris Tel: +33 1 7112 2104

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Water Management Consultants—A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is an international company with offices in Europe, North and South America, and Australia. Our group of offices operates worldwide and has completed projects in over 50 countries. In addition to the offices above, we have site operations in many countries. Each office is fully staffed and is supported by a globally integrated intranet communications system.

PERU Water Management Consultants (Peru), S.A. Avenida Jorge Basadre 431 San Isidro, Lima Tel: +51 1 442 0204

UNITED KINGDOM

Water Management Consultants, Ltd 23 Swan Hill Shrewsbury SY1 1NN Tel: +44 1743 231793

UNITED STATES

Water Management Consultants, Inc. 1875 Lawrence Street Suite 500 Denver, Colorado 80202 Tel: +303 297 9005 Water Management Consultants, Inc. 3845 North Business Center Drive Suite 115 Tucson, Arizona 85705 Tel: +520 319 0725

Water Management Consultants, Inc. 1005 Terminal Way Suite 220 Reno, Nevada 89502 Tel: +775 322 5901

Schlumberger Water Services 16800 Greenspoint Park Drive, Suite 160S Houston, TX 77060 Tel: +1 281 765 5011 Schlumberger Water Services 1567 Hayley Lane, Suite 202 Fort Myers, FL 33907 Tel: +1 239 481 6494 Schlumberger Water Services 2520 Venture Oaks Way, Suite 430 Sacramento, CA 95833 Switchboard: +971 4 3067777 Tel: +1 916 669 4399

Representative Projects

Masvingo Province Drought Relief , Zimbabwe Konkola Mine Hydrology, Zambia Kwara State Rural Water Supply Project, Nigeria QMM Titanium Sands, Mozambique Sua Pan Brine Evaluation, Botswana Kansanshi Mine Hydrology, Zambia Kenyati Rural Development Program, Zimbabwe Water Resource Management, Tanzania Masarbit Rural Water Supply Planning, Kenya Lake Natron, Tanzania Jebel Fayfa Development Project, Saudi Arabia Palabora Mine Hydrology, South Africa

South America

Kori Kollo Mine Hydrology, Bolivia Escondida Hydrology and Water Supply, Chile River Basin Management Study, Colombia Chuquicamata Heap Leach Dynamics, Chile Veladero Mine Feasibility Study, Argentina

Morococha Mining District ARD Study, Peru

Yanacocha Mine Hydrology, Peru Las Cristinas Project, Venezuela Pascua Loma Mine Hydrology, Argentina Antamina Mine Hydrology, Peru San Bartolomé Mine Hydrology, Bolivia Salar de Atacama Brine Project, Chile

North America

Sleeper Mine Dewatering, US BC Hydro Water Use Plan, Canada Collom Coal Project, US Sleeper Pit Lake Development, US Copper Queen Aquifer Protection Permit, US Red River Hydrodynamic Modeling, Canada

La Colorada Mine Dewatering, Mexico Blackhollow Dam Rehabilitation, US Pima County Aquifer Recharge Study, US City of Vancouver Hydrology, Canada Haile Mine Closure, US Luismin ARD Training, Mexico

Africa/Middle East

Europe

Environment Agency Wetlands Studies, UK European Minerals Mining, Kazakhstan Galmoy Mine Dewatering, Ireland

Las Cruces Mine Hydrology, Spain Impact Assessment of Quarry Dewatering, UK Numerical Modeling of North Kent Chalk, UK Water Resources Policy Development, UK

Lisheen Mine Dewatering, Ireland Mine Water Injection, Poland Cryptosporidium Contamination Risk Assessment, UK Strategic Review of Groundwater Monitoring, UK Test Pumping Supervision and Analysis, UK

Asia/Pacific

Water Supply to Saindak Copper Mine, Pakistan Pichit Rural Water Resources Project, Thailand Barpukaria Coal Dewatering Project, Bangladesh Jabiru Tailings Dam Investigation, Australia Gunnedah Water Resource Investigation, Australia Mining Impact Study, Tomago Aquifer, Australia

Cannington Mine Hydrology, Australia Golden Cross Mine Closure, NZ Kaltails Project, Australia Delta Gold Water Supply, Australia Hamersley Iron, Australia Groundwater Injection for Oil Recovery, India

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Recent Clients

Industrial & Energy: ~ Biwater International Ltd.

~ BC Hydro

~ Cairn Energy

~ Canadian Bogosu Resources

~ Chevron Resources Company

~ Corona Corporation

~ FMC

~ Inti Raymi S. A.

Mining: ~ Agrium, Inc.

~ Anglo American

~ Barrick Resources

~ Battle Mountain Gold

~ Bechtel

~ BHP Billiton

~ Codelco

~ Coeur d’Alene Mines

~ Cortez Mining Co.

~ Gold Fields Mining Co.

~ Kennecott Energy Company

~ Kinross Gold Corporation

~ LaFarge

~ Marigold Mining Co.

~ Mineral Escondida Ltda.

~ Minera Salar de Atacama S.A.

Public Sector: ~ African Development Bank

~ Center for Arid Zone Studies, Bangor University

~ City of Vancouver

~ Commonwealth Development Corporation

~ CORDECO, Bolivia

~ Department of Energy, Ireland

~ Environment Agency, UK

~ International Finance Corporation

~ Lithium Corporation of America

~ Minera Del Altiplano S. A.

~ North American Chemical Co.

~ Shell-Billiton

~ Southern Water

~ Steetley Minerals

~ United Utilities Water

~ Severn Trent Water

~ Nevada Gold Mining Inc.

~ Newmont Gold

~ Nova Gold

~ Outokumpu OY

~ Phelps Dodge

~ Pinson Mining Company

~ Pittsburgh and Midway Coal Mining Co.

~ Place Dome Inc.

~ Rayrock Mines Inc.

~ Rio Tinto

~ Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile S.A.

~ Southern Peru Copper Corporation

~ Teck Cominco

~ Thompson Creek Metals

~ Western Ag Minerals

~ Western Mining Corporation

~ International Joint Commission

~ Islamic Development Bank

~ Ministère des Ressources Naturelles, de I’Energie et de L’Environnement, Guinea

~ Department for International Development, UK

~ United Nations Development Program

~ US Army Corp of Engineers

~ World Bank

~ DEFRA

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Public Water Supplies

Our services in public water supplies include:

~ Groundwater exploration and development ~ Water use and supply auditing (balancing and management) ~ Water quality and geochemical evaluation and management ~ Local, basin, and regional flow investigation, modeling and safe yield evaluation ~ Aquifer recharge, storage and retrieval modeling, and design ~ Detailed well design and construction QA/QC ~ Well logging, testing, analyses, rehabilitation, and completion ~ Assessment of stream/aquifer interactions ~ Integrated water resources planning and management ~ Hydrogeologic investigation/interpretation (fractured and porous rocks and soils) ~ Surface water investigation, development, and management ~ Planning for hydrologic extremes (climate change, flood, drought, variability, etc.) ~ Infrastructure planning, permitting, design, and construction administration ~ Environmental assessments, reports, filings, water rights and expert witness support

In an era when rapid growth is colliding with limited water supplies, Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) strives to help public and private water agencies find, plan, and manage their resources for a sustainable future. Our professional water resources staff utilizes state of the art technology and models in conjunction with time-proven relationships with regulatory agencies to assure the availability of safe, clean, sufficient, and reliable water supplies. WMC is providing the means for clients all over the world to make continuous improvements through innovative, cost-effective solutions.

Representative Projects Urban Water Supplies, City of Globe, Arizona WMC was commissioned to evaluate the sustainable yield of the Globe wellfield and its ade-quacy for supplying future needs. WMC made recommendations for alternative sources of sup-ply and provided advice on formulating a water-supply plan. A comprehensive review of histori-cal pumping data and previous water resources assessment work was conducted to reassess the sustainable yield of the local groundwater system. Water Supply Management, Ely, Nevada WMC helps manage the groundwater resources for a mine site to ensure that process water and potable water supply demands are met. The work has included hydrogeologic evaluation of all potential groundwater resources in the region, aquifer testing, groundwater model develop-ment and the design and construction of new water supply production wells. Oro Valley Artificial Recharge, Oro Valley, Arizona The Oro Valley project was designed to be both a recharge and a recovery site, where recharge water will be stored within the unsaturated sediments and recovered using existing water-supply wells in the vicinity. Recharge water will be delivered to the project area from Central Arizona Project through a pumping system with a total lift of about 780 feet. Monturaqui Wellfield, Escondida, Chile WMC managed and implemented a large investigation and wellfield design program that in-cluded geophysical surveys, geological and structural interpretation of satellite image data, drill-ing, and testing work. A groundwater flow model was developed based on integrated interpreta-tion of all new and existing data to quantify resources and optimize the location of the produc-tion wellfield. The model results, aquifer parameters, geological and water chemistry data were combined to produce the optimum final wellfield design (22,000 gpm from 24 wells). www.watermc.com

Mine Water Supply

Services that are provided in water supply projects include:

~ Hydrogeological site investigations ~ Drilling supervision and well testing. ~ Well field design and implementation ~ Water supply optimization ~ Turnkey water supply systems ~ Air photo and satellite imagery interpretation ~ Geophysical surveys ~ Design of pumping systems, booster stations, controls, and pipeline systems ~ Permitting and regulatory matters

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is recognized as a worldwide leader in providing water-related scientific and engineering services to a wide range of industrial clients. We have conducted projects in over 50 countries in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Africa and Australia/Pacific. WMC is a leader in developing and applying innovative approaches and technologies to water supply issues. Our clients recognize the benefits of innovation in many ways, including lower project costs, streamlined permitting, improved efficiency, and

Representative Projects Groundwater Resource Evaluation, Escondida Mine–MEL (EMSA) Exploraciones Mundos S.A. (EMSA) contracted with WMC to conduct a groundwater explora-tion campaign in the altiplano to the east of the Salar de Atacama, Chile. MEL was evaluating several options as potential sources to meet future process water demand with the goal of im-proving the definition of the sustainable groundwater resources available in the area. Main ac-tivities included: geological and structural reconnaissance, TEM surface geophysical surveys (~120 km), DTRC investigation drilling (4,516 m), core drilling (1,612 m), long-term pumping tests (6 wells, cumulative flow of ~600 l/s for 30 days), conceptual model development, explora-tory numerical modeling and integrated resource assessment.

Water Resource Assessment, Robinson Mine, BHP Copper WMC conducted a water resource assessment for providing a 3,155 l/s water supply for mine processing facilities. The assessments included reconnaissance and feasibility level work in several basins surrounding the Robinson Mining District, including predominantly the Steptoe Valley, Jakes Valley, and White River Valley hydrographic basins. The assessments consisted of geophysical surveys to improve existing geological interpretations, geologic mapping, spring and seep surveying, exploration hole drilling, aquifer testing, and long-term pumping tests. Analyses of the water resources included numerical modeling for the selected target area to determine long-term drawdown impacts and to support the feasibility of the project. Following startup of the new water supply wellfield, WMC conducted annual water supply wellfield per-formance evaluations and investigations for potential additional water resources.

Mine Water Supply, Collahuasi Copper Mine, I Region, Chile Compañía Minera Doña Inés de Collahuasi developed a porphyry copper deposit located in the northern Chilean Andes. One aspect of the comprehensive hydrological investigation for the Collahuasi copper project was the development of a groundwater model to assess resource availability for mine water supplies and to identify optimum sites for abstraction wellfields. Wa-ter demands of up to 700 l/s for the projected mine life of 70 years are required to supply proc-ess water for the plant, with minimum impacts on the salar wetland. WMC developed a three-layer MODFLOW model for the southern Coposa aquifer (275 km2), incorporating spatially vari-able recharge, lake-aquifer interaction, and the results of the field program to identify formation geometry and aquifer parameters. Calibration to observed conditions was achieved with spa-tially variable transmissivity and storativity, and simulations were run to evaluate alternative wellfield sites. The results of the model study were used to guide the ongoing field investiga-tion, aquifer recovery, wellfield development program, and post-mine closure. www.watermc.com

GIS and Data Management

Our services in GIS and data management include:

~ Customized data management packages ~ Data collection and management optimization ~ Data management and database training ~ Legacy data transfer ~ Dynamic mapping and figure creation ~ Real-time data management solutions ~ Automated report generation ~ Application integration

~ Geographic Information Systems ~ Dynamic systems modeling ~ Groundwater flow modeling ~ Transport modeling

Knowledge is power, but with ever increasing amounts of day-to-day data, gaining that knowledge is becoming more difficult. Business management requires better tools to help organize, understand, and work with these new complex data systems. Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) has developed customized data management packages to help our clients to process and utilize information. These systems include data capture, processing, storage, and interpretation, as well as the design and implementation of the systems that support these tasks. WMC specializes in integrating compliance and operational data with geoprocessing programs, modeling software, statistical packages, and other tools to

Representative Projects Water Balance Model, Nevada, USA WMC designed and created custom systems to organize disparate data streams containing water balance information and to import the data into the client’s Environmental Data Manage-ment System (EDMS) and trained the client’s staff on its use. Three Dimensional Visualization for Modeling Projects, United Kingdom The ability to visualize the geology and to transform it into hard data that can be imported into a hydrogeologic computer model was a key aspect of several modeling projects for the Environ-ment Agency. The GIS was used to process spatial data such as rainfall, soil, and land use types into a format suitable for the models. Pit Planning and Closures, USA GIS plays an important role in the study of the hydrology, hydrogeology, and geology of the planning, ongoing monitoring, and planned closure of open pits. Together with CAD, it provides detailed, three dimensional visualizations of the sub-surface geology and structure. The GIS is integrated with databases and linked to modeling and geochemistry software packages to study a wide range of problems from dewatering to the analysis of hydrochemistry and geochemistry. Watchtree Foot and Mouth Disposal Site, Cumbria, United Kingdom WMC developed a database to capture data for groundwater and surface water monitoring, geochemistry, meteorological data and the ecology of the site. The database contains graphing capabilities to display time series of individual sites or parameters. It is integrated with GIS to enable spatial queries of the database. Hydrochemical Monitoring, Hualgayoc District, Peru This system combines database, GIS, and graphing technologies to monitor water quality at the mine and to flag exceedances of local and international drinking water standards.

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Environment

Our services for environmental projects include: ∼ Site investigations and data analysis

∼ Soil and groundwater contamination studies

∼ Sampling protocols and monitoring program

∼ Environmental risk assessments

∼ Groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation

∼ Remedial action plans

∼ Soil vapor extraction systems

∼ In-situ barriers and passive treatment systems

∼ Interceptor wells

∼ Passive treatment and natural attenuation systems

∼ Expert witness and public inquiries

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) provides services on environmental projects including remedial investigations, soil and groundwater contamination, feasibility studies, remedial design, and permitting. WMC integrates a sound understanding of the physical process that controls the fate and transport of contaminants, site-specific, hydrogeological conditions, and a thorough knowledge of environmental regulations worldwide. This allows us to develop and implement cost-effective and regulatory approved solutions to environmental problems.

Representative Projects Salt Loading Mitigation, Wyoming, US WMC assisted FMC Corporation in the investigation and remedial design to manage high TDS groundwater seepage towards a river. The previous pumping system suffered from well scal-ing and plugging. A new well pump-back system combined with a slurry wall is providing con-tainment. Soil-Vapor Extraction System, British Columbia, Canada WMC designed and installed an extraction system as part of an overall environmental program for the Fraser River Creosote Site in Vancouver. Environmental Impact Assessment, Libya As a prerequisite for approval of a $200M from the African Development Bank, WMC assisted the Great Man Made River Authority with the Environmental Impact Study of the West Jama-hiriya System. Contaminated Groundwater Investigation, Chile WMC completed a groundwater evaluation of potential hydrocarbon leakage from leaking un-derground storage tanks in Santiago. The resulting data supported a certificate of no additional action required. Foot and Mouth Disease Disposal Sites, UK WMC provided extensive hydrogeological, geochemical, and engineering services to DEFRA during the foot and mouth epidemic. WMC conducted site assessments and contaminant transport studies and monitoring at burial sites. Zortman Landusky RI/FS, Montana, US WMC conducted a remedial investigation and feasibility study of this former mine site. Actions to reduce potential contamination of surface water and groundwater from acid rock drainage were developed for approval by the EPA and implemented. www.watermc.com

Site-Wide Water Management

Our services in site-wide water management include: ~ Hydraulic auditing and conveyance analysis ~ Dewatering design and management ~ Development of disposal strategies for water-positive sites ~ Optimization of water use for water-limited sites ~ Probabilistic water balance modeling

~ Identification of optimal water management practices for operational, environmental and closure purposes

~ Site-wide data management systems based on standard GIS and database platforms.

Mining operations typically have either too much or too little water. Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is a leading expert in water balance development and site-wide water management. We define strategies for optimizing water usage during operations so that water needs can be met or to ensure that inventories are reduced before closure. WMC also provides the expertise in the practical aspects of water exploration, conveyance, control, and disposal, as integrated services to site-wide management.

Representative Projects Round Mountain, Nevada Site-wide water balance incorporating mine dewatering, mill circuit and heap leach facilities. The work involved developing updated process flow sheets for each major circuit. A probabi-listic water balance was developed using a dynamic systems model (GoldSim). The model was used to optimize water management practices and evaluate closure issues.

Pierina Mine, Peru Developed a site-wide water balance as an operational tool to evaluate current management practices and identify closure issues. The water balance included make-up sources, consump-tive uses, heap leach facilities and storm water containment ponds. The model included prob-abilistic elements to simulate pumping failures and extreme precipitation events. Confidential Client, Peru A dynamic systems model was developed to optimize seepage management practices at a large copper mine. The purpose was to identify the most effective combination of operational and mitigation measures to minimize seepage losses. The management evaluation included pump back systems, heap leach facilities, plant operations, and supporting make-up and con-sumptive processes. A comprehensive process flow sheet was developed and provided the basis for the water balance model. Fort Knox Mine, Alaska A site-wide water management plan was developed as part of closure planning activities. The management plan included the mine dewatering system, tailing storage facility and seepage interception system. The purpose of the management plan was to optimize the site-wide water balance prior to closure to ensure water quality criteria could be met as cost-effectively as pos-sible. This included evaluating the water balance during operations and at closure.

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Modeling

Our services for modeling projects include: ∼ Groundwater flow ∼ Particle tracking ∼ Contaminant transport ∼ Saline intrusion ∼ Radionuclide dispersion ∼ Pumping test analysis ∼ Groundwater resource evaluation ∼ Environmental impact assessment ∼ Remedial design simulation ∼ Protection zone delineation ∼ Optimization of abstraction rates ∼ Brine reserve estimation ∼ Mine dewatering

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is recognized as a leader in the application of groundwater modeling techniques. Our range of expertise in hydrogeology, hydrology, numerical modeling, programming, and optimization places us in a unique position to customize models for specific requirements. WMC also runs training courses to transfer technology to clients and enable them to maintain modeling applications in house.

Representative Projects Seepage Modeling, Bayshore Ponds Slurry Wall Design, Colorado, US. The modeling program SEEP/W, a two-dimensional, finite element model, was used to esti-mate seepage into three ponds after installation of a surrounding slurry wall at a housing devel-opment site. The seepage analysis was used to ensure that the water from the ponds was hydrologically contained, and would not significantly interact with the surrounding ground and surface water for water rights purposes. MODFLOW Code Modification, UK The USGS MODFLOW groundwater flow code was modified to represent variation of hydraulic conductivity with depth. The modified code was successfully tested and has been applied in several Chalk modeling studies throughout the UK. A rigorous development and testing pro-gram yielded a robust version of MODFLOW now applied to all Chalk model development by the Environmental Agency. Feasibility Study and EIA, Las Cruces, Spain A feasibility study and EIA were carried out for the Las Cruces Mining Project, where the cop-per ore body is in direct hydraulic contact with a confined, regional aquifer currently abstracted for potable supply and irrigation. A complex, numerical model was developed to simulate ex-isting conditions and the potential environment impacts of mine operations. The model was then used to design a groundwater management scheme for mitigation of impacts for all stages of mining including long term closure. Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport Model, Montana, US A groundwater flow and contaminant transport model of an alluvial aquifer and river system was developed to assess potential migration of arsenic and selenium into surface waters down-gradient from the mine site. Groundwater Flow Model, Rosario, Chile A groundwater flow model based on an innovative finite element code was developed for the complex hydrogeological setting of a large copper open pit, with the aim of identifying an opti-mal dewatering system during the planned pit expansion. www.watermc.com

International Aid

Our services for International Aid projects include: ∼ International aid and funding management

∼ Socio-economic, institutional, and legal support

∼ Water infrastructure development to poverty areas

∼ Water resource assessment

∼ Water supply planning and development

∼ River basin and watershed management

∼ Flood control and drainage

∼ River engineering and stream restoration

∼ Stream and lake protection

∼ Dam and irrigation system rehabilitation

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is a leader in the support of scientific, engineering, and management aspects of international water resource projects and water-related environmental issues. We are an international consultancy with project experience in over 50 countries on five continents. Our clients have ranged from multilateral development banks to local government agencies. WMC experience with international aid projects includes a comprehensive range of services from technical assistance to project design and management.

Representative Projects UK Department for International Development, Tanzania WMC provided hydrology services to the design team on this integral natural resource man-agement project. WMC was responsible for the hydrological and water resource component of the project Planning and Environmental Management for the Pirapama River Basin, Brazil WMC has been assisting stakeholders in Brazil to increase the capacity of CPRH (the environ-mental regulatory agency, Pernabuco state) and other institutions in the city of Recife, north-east Brazil, to take a participatory approach to planning and management of river basins. Development of Regulatory Framework for Integrated Groundwater Management and Pollution Control, The Bahamas WMC developed the principles for groundwater policy in the Bahamian context and a regula-tory framework for groundwater abstractions and pollution controls. Artificial Groundwater Recharge, Arizona, US WMC was contacted to provide an innovative approach to quantify the potential recharge re-sulting from natural floods in normally dry river beds. Our work was completed as part of a $30M in-channel artificial recharge project. Coastal Groundwater Resources Assessment, Gambia WMC was appointed to develop a regional numerical groundwater model of the Kombo District coastal aquifer. The model assessed the available groundwater resources for a 10 year period and evaluated the risk and extent of saline intrusion and variable recharge/abstraction scenar-ios. Floodplain Mapping Guidelines and Specifications, British Columbia, Canada WMC was hired to develop procedures for estimating flood construction levels in complex floodplain situations where the presence of dikes increases flood levels. Guidelines were pre-pared for dike breach modeling to determine flood-proofing elevations in floodplains protected by dikes.

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Hydrology and Hydrochemistry

Our services in hydrology and geochemistry include: ∼ Baseline data characterization and monitoring

∼ Monitoring networks for stream flow and water quality

∼ Wetland and riparian studies

∼ Groundwater monitoring networks and data interpretation

∼ Aquifer testing and analysis

∼ Water quality evaluations and modeling

∼ Fracture flow testing and analysis

∼ Vadose zone hydrology

∼ Laboratory testing of unsaturated flow characteristics

∼ Baseline and background water chemistry evaluations

∼ Contaminant transport of inorganic and organic constituents

∼ Groundwater remediation systems

∼ Modeling of groundwater flow and transport

∼ Expert witness and legal support

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is one of the premier firms in the world specializing in surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and hydrochemistry. Our scientists and engineers have international experience in hydrologic regimes ranging from tropical rainforest to arctic permafrost. We provide hydrological and hydrochemistry services to a wide range of clients in private industries, municipalities, governments, and international aid organizations. Our professional staff have the training to cover all aspects of projects including field monitoring and testing, data analysis, and computer modeling.

Representative Projects Lower Fraser Valley Groundwater Assessment, British Columbia, Canada WMC carried out a groundwater resource evaluation for aquifers in the Lower Fraser Valley east of the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Available information was accessed to charac-terize the known aquifers. 3-D Visualization and Modeling Projects, UK WMC completed several modeling projects for the Environment Agency, which included models of the chalk in Kent and Hampshire, in southern England. GIS was also used to process spatial data into a format suitable for the models. Salar de Punta Negra Environmental Protection, Chile WMC produced a hydrological and geochemical risk model to assess likely, long-term ecologi-cal impacts of groundwater abstraction for Minera Escondida. An artificial recharge system was designed and implemented to sustain the salar ecosystem. Tracer Test in Fractured Bedrock, California, US WMC designed and executed a groundwater tracer test in a fractured rock system at the Campo landfill. The test characterized groundwater flow paths and travel times to provide data for monitoring system design. Laguna Toston Water Balance Model and Remediation Plan, New Mexico, US WMC developed a water balance model for a playa lake used for the disposal of salt waste. The saturated salt solution in the playa was a risk to migratory waterfowl and mitigation was required by the Department of Justice.

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Mine Hydrology and Geochemistry

Our services to the mining industry include: ∼ Project feasibility studies for new and existing mines

∼ Baseline studies, environmental permitting, and licensing

∼ Mine dewatering system design and operation

∼ Site-wide mine water management plans

∼ Design, installation, and operation of slope depressurization measures

∼ Mine water supplies from surface water and groundwater sources

∼ Geochemical testing programs and ARD characterization

∼ Geochemical modeling for water quality prediction and management

∼ Modeling and design of evaporative cover systems for mine facilities

∼ Design of mine closure and reclamation systems

∼ Water quality management and passive treatment systems

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is a worldwide leader in mine hydrology services. We have a long history of integrating cost-effective, water management designs and processes to help miners operate efficiently. WMC has worked at open pit, underground, and solution mines throughout the world. Our experience includes precious metals, base metals, coal, industrial minerals, aggregates, and uranium. We have conducted surface water and groundwater projects at mine facilities including well fields, storage reservoirs and ponds, waste rock dumps, leach pads, tailing dams, storm water controls, dewatering systems and closure systems. We have also developed a proprietary process to enhance heap leach performance.

Representative Projects Bankable Feasibility Study for the Aqua Rica Project, Argentina WMC was tasked with four major components of a bankable feasibility study for this copper, gold, and molybdenum project for Northern Orion/Hatch Engineering. Aspects of the work in-cluded mine dewatering, water supply, and environmental baseline studies. Gold Hill Project EIS, Nevada, US WMC conducted baseline studies, geochemical evaluations, mine dewatering system design, regional groundwater modeling, pit lake modeling, and environmental permitting for the Kinross/Barrick JV. Data and analyses were incorporated into the project EIS by the BLM. Monturaqui Wellfield, Chile WMC managed and implemented a large investigation and well field design program for Minera Escondida. The program included geophysical surveys, geological and structural interpretation of satellite image data, and drilling and testing work. Las Cristinas Dewatering System Design, Venezuela WMC conducted extensive hydrogeological field investigations at this proposed mine site, lo-cated in a jungle environment, for environmental permitting and dewatering design. Detailed engineering drawings for the dewatering system were developed for Placer Dome. Golden Cross Mine Closure, New Zealand WMC worked with Coeur d’Alene Mines to develop closure options for the open pit and under-ground workings based on costs, impacts to the local river system, and long-term treatment requirements of mine discharge. WMC also assisted in implementation of the closure designs. Heap Leach Dynamics Investigation, Arizona, US WMC worked with Phelps Dodge to implement a hydrodynamic evaluation of the copper heap leach operation at Tyrone. The objective was to improve copper recover by optimizing the hy-drodynamic processes controlling solution movement and copper recovery. www.watermc.com

River Engineering

Our services in river engineering include:

∼ One-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling

∼ Development of water surface profiles

∼ Floodplain mapping output in GIS format

∼ Flood hazard mapping

∼ Preparation of flood hazard management plans and public consultation

∼ Design of dikes and bank protection works

∼ Design of floodway systems

∼ Hydrological models integrated with hydrodynamic simulations

∼ Development of flood forecasting systems

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) specializes in hydrology and hydraulics for river engineering applications. We have experience in both steady and unsteady flow analysis, design of specialized river training works, integration of hydrological and hydrodynamic models, and GIS applications for flood-hazard mapping.

Representative Projects Flood Hazard Mapping for the Skeena River at Terrace, City of Terrance (BC) WMC was retained by the City of Terrace to prepare flood hazard mapping for floodplain areas within the city. The scope of work included setting up a MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model and determining depths of flooding, erosion rates, and potential avulsion paths. Flood Forecasting Model for Red River, International Joint Commission WMC engineers developed a major flood forecasting model for the Red River on behalf of the International Joint Commission. The hydrodynamic model extends from Grand Forks, North Dakota to Selkirk, Manitoba, a distance of 280 km. Floodplain Management Plan for the Pembina River, International Joint Commission WMC was retained to develop a comprehensive hydrodynamic model of the river and analyze various flood control scenarios. The work included field investigations, flood frequency analy-sis, development and calibration of a hydrodynamic model using MIKE 11 and simulation of various flood control scenarios including setback dykes and construction of a floodway. Fraser River Sediment Transport Modeling, City of Chilliwack and British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks WMC developed a MIKE 11 hydrodynamic sediment transport model of the Fraser River in the vicinity of the confluence of the Fraser River and Harrison River to simulate morphological changes including bed scour and gravel aggradation. Red River Dykes Cumulative Impact Assessment, Manitoba Natural Resources WMC completed a cumulative dyke impact assessment for Manitoba Natural Resources. The work included evaluation of 14 community ring dykes in the Red River floodplain and 2,600 individual, flood-proofing projects.

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Water Resource Engineering

Our services in water resource engineering include: ∼ Hydrologic analysis of river systems

∼ Flood modeling and flood hazard mapping

∼ Hydrodynamic modeling of rivers and flood plains

∼ Design of dikes and bank protection works

∼ Dam design and rehabilitation

∼ River diversion and intake structures

∼ Hydraulic design of spillways, channels, and control structures

∼ Analysis and modeling of erosion and sediment transport

∼ Storm water management plans and structures

∼ Artificial aquifer recharge and well field design

∼ Water chemistry and microbiology

∼ Development of flood forecasting systems

∼ Development and implementation of decision analysis systems

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) provides comprehensive services in water resource engineering for rivers, dams, canals, flood control systems, water distribution systems, and well fields. We work on water resource engineering projects worldwide for private companies, municipalities, governments, and international aid organizations. We have assisted our clients in site investigations, planning studies, feasibility studies, cost analysis, and detailed engineering design. Our professional staff of engineers, hydrologists, water quality specialists, and modelers have the technical training and experience to address any

Representative Projects Flood Forecasting Model for the Red River, Manitoba, Canada WMC developed a major flood forecasting model for the Red River on behalf of the Interna-tional Joint Commission. The model was transferred to Manitoba Natural Resources who are using it in a real-time flood forecasting mode, with assistance from WMC. Black Hollow Dam Rehabilitation, Colorado, US WMC completed the preparation of plans and specifications for the stabilization of a 75-year-old-dam, development of site-specific, probable maximum precipitation, and design of new spillways. Tailing Dam Re-Design and Construction Monitoring, Idaho, US WMC personnel redesigned and reconstructed the toe of a 450-ft-high tailings dam to improve overall dam stability. The reconstruction, done for Thompson Creek Mining Company, in-cluded design, permitting, and installation of a toe drain manifold system. Realignment of the New Mercer Ditch, Colorado, US WMC provided engineering design plans, specifications, and construction monitoring for the realignment of the New Mercer Ditch through an existing housing development. Fraser River Sediment Transport Modeling, British Columbia, Canada WMC developed a MIKE 11 hydrodynamic sediment transport model of the Fraser River, in the vicinity of the confluence of the Fraser River and Harrison River to simulate morphological changes including bed scour and gravel aggradation. The work was conducted for the City of Chilliwack and British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks. Flood Hazard Mapping for the Skeena River, British Columbia, Canada WMC was retained by the City of Terrace to prepare flood hazard mapping for floodplain areas within the city. The scope of work included setting up a MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model and de-termining depths of flooding, erosion rates, and potential avulsion paths.

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Water Resource Management

Our services in water resource management include: ∼ Exploration of surface water and groundwater resources ∼ Evaluation of basin yield and sustainable resources ∼ Water augmentation plans and studies ∼ Rural water supply and sanitation ∼ Development of river basin management plans ∼ Urban and industrial water supply ∼ Irrigation and drainage studies ∼ Water storage and distribution systems ∼ Well field operation and management ∼ Water rights and permitting ∼ Wellhead protection programs and environmental controls ∼ Well rehabilitation and maintenance ∼ Resource allocation and optimization ∼ Socio-economic studies

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) provides comprehensive services covering all aspects of water resource development and management. We follow an integrated approach that includes hydrological sciences as well as social, economic, and political dimensions. WMC has worldwide experience in developing and managing water resources in a variety of environments ranging from humid tropical conditions to arid deserts. We have an extensive background working with international financing agencies, governments, and private industries. We have pioneered the use of systems modeling to improve the understanding of interactions between groundwater and surface water systems and have worked on scales ranging from individual users to large river basins.

Representative Projects Oro Valley Artificial Groundwater Recharge, Arizona, US WMC was requested to develop an approach to quantify the potential infiltration for an artificial recharge project by instrumenting and evaluating a natural recharge event stemming from a flood. Lower Fraser Valley Groundwater Assessment, British Columbia, Canada WMC managed and implemented a large investigation and wellfield design program. The program included geophysical surveys, geological, and structural interpretation of satellite image data, and drilling and testing work. Water Resources Management Strategies, UK WMC developed a high-level, technical process and detailed participation strategy for the de-velopment of water resources management strategies in Scotland and Northern Ireland, in re-sponse to the requirements of the EC Water Framework Directive. Saline Water Resource Study, India WMC carried out a comprehensive study of the groundwater resources of a semi-arid area to meet requirements for saline water injection into a deep oil reservoir. The project included field studies, numerical modeling, and assessment of environmental impacts. Source Protection for Mineral Water Well, UK WMC executed a hydrogeological investigation to assess potential contamination in the zone of influence of a well used to supply bottled mineral water. The project included assessment of regulatory controls to enforce a wellhead protection program.

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Dewatering/Depressurization

Our services in Dewatering/Depressurisation include:

~ Hydrogeological investigations and testing

~ Modeling of dewatering/depressurization systems

~ Detailed design of wells, drains, sumps and other dewatering measures

~ Selection of pumps, controls, pipes, and other dewatering infrastructure

~ Dewatering system management and optimization

~ Design of systems to manage or dispose of excess water

~ Assistance to mining personnel during dewatering operations

The design and implementation of effective dewatering and slope depressurization systems is an important component of many surface and underground mining operations. Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) has designed, implemented, and operated large-scale dewatering systems for mines throughout the world. We have experience in high flow, deep well dewatering systems for mines that produce many thousand gallons per minute. We also have extensive experience in low-permeability hydrogeologic systems where pit slope depressurization is essential to maintain stable slopes. In addition to dewatering/depressurization design, we develop systems such as rapid infiltration basins to dispose of excess water in an environmentally sound manner.

Representative Projects Las Cristinas Dewatering System Design, Venezuela WMC conducted extensive hydrogeological field investigations at this proposed mine site in the jungle. The site receives over three meters per year of rainfall and is adjacent to major rivers. The work included pre-feasibility and feasibility level design and costing. It also included the production of detailed dewatering system design drawings for construction. Robinson Mine, Nevada Water Management Consultants was commissioned to investigate the possible localized dewa-tering alternatives for depressurizing the pit slopes. The field program involved the installation of in-pit ejector wells to help remove groundwater storage from a major fault zone, the site of an ongoing slope failure. It was found that the most effective means of localized depressurization was to pump groundwater storage from ejector wells completed in underground workings near the fault zone. Kinross Goldbanks, Nevada Water Management Consultants conducted a hydrologic site characterization to create a con-ceptual hydrologic model of groundwater flow at the site, establish baseline groundwater condi-tions, evaluate pit dewatering requirements, and subsequent infilling rates and hydrochemistry, as well as determining water supply requirements for the project. Sleeper, Nevada Sleeper Gold Mine was one of the largest and most important dewatering operations being un-dertaken in the United States. A clear understanding of the local geology allowed the hydrology around the mine to be correctly interpreted. Groundwater modeling was used to predict the most economic dewatering design, and a regional groundwater study provided support for the permitting. Lisheen, Ireland WMC was responsible for all aspects of the groundwater modeling, leading to dewatering sys-tem design and cost optimization. Dewatering simulations using the cost-linked, groundwater model identified the most cost-effective well field design and their regional impact. Simulations of aquifer recovery identified the fate of potential plumes from the mine workings and tailings

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Energy

Our services to the energy industry include: ~ Baseline hydrology assessments ~ Permitting and regulatory support ~ Decision analysis systems ~ Water management plans ~ Water resource and supply assessments ~ Groundwater evaluation for in-situ uranium production ~ Wellfield optimization ~ Groundwater flow and transport modeling ~ Passive treatment and natural attenuation systems ~ Flood analysis and hydraulic engineering ~ Database management and GIS ~ Reclamation and remediation

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) has worked worldwide on many types of energy projects related to oil and gas, coal, hydropower, geothermal, and uranium. Our expertise in groundwater and surface water hydrology assessments, environmental management and complex modeling development has allowed WMC to help resource development companies meet permitting requirements and operational water management goals.

Representative Projects Collom Pit Hydrologic Assessment, Colorado, US WMC conducted a hydrological and hydrogeological program, including baseline environ-mental monitoring, at this proposed new open pit coal mine to obtain information for the pre-feasibility . Extensive field testing was conducted to define the site hydrogeology, design de-watering and slope depressurization measures and obtain information for a regional ground-water model. The model will be used to evaluate other potential mining targets in the area. Skyline Mines Dewatering System Design and Cost Analysis, Utah, US WMC completed a preliminary dewatering engineering design and analysis for the Canyon Fuel Company. The report included a conceptual design for the dewatering system, and a capital and operating cost estimate, including cost per acre-foot to support discussions with the local stakeholders. Major Oil Company (confidential client), India WMC is providing a detailed and comprehensive study of saline aquifers to develop a signifi-cant groundwater resource for the support of oil field pressure and oil recovery. The study in-volved data collection, exploration drilling and testing, characterization of several formations including detailed geophysical information, hydrogeological conceptualization, and numerical resource modeling. Sierra Pacific Power Company, Nevada, US WMC completed a detailed analysis of the hydrologic conditions beneath the North Valmy Plant ash landfill. The report information was used to update the closure plan and costs, as well as provide potential to reduce the amount bonded for facility closure. WMC also com-pleted a hydrogeological assessment of conditions around the plant’s evaporation ponds and is currently involved in conducting a feasibility assessment of a large water resource expan-sion. International Economic and Energy Consultants Ltd, Republic of Poland The Polish hard coal industry is undergoing restructuring and privatization assisted by the World Bank and European Community. Water Management Consultants provided hydrogeo-logy and desalination expertise to the study team. www.watermc.com

Exploration Geochemistry and Data Integration

Services that are provided by exploration geochemistry include:

~ Developing exploration geochemistry sampling and analysis plans

~ Collection and management of exploration data

~ Potential integration of baseline programs

~ GIS development and data interpretation

~ Greenfield or Brownfield sites

~ Identification of drilling targets and mineralization zones”

Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) provides specialized trace element geochemistry exploration support to the mining industry. WMC has technical capabilities in developing key indicator chemistry data in the field, including soil chemistry, stream sediment chemistry, and water chemistry data. WMC utilizes customized GIS software tools to interpret the data to optimize and locate potential mineralization zones and potential drilling target areas. Data analysis can be conducted on newly collected data or on existing baseline data at existing sites to identify additional targets.

Project Design Exploration Data Acquisition

Collection and management of existing data: geologic, spatial, exploration, hydrologic/hydrochemical, and site climate data Management of existing exploration data: geologic, drill hole, soils, stream sediments, water chemistry Sampling and management of additional chemical, spatial, and geophysical data

Data Interpretation

Evaluation of all chemical/geologic data - develop exploration strategy for sediment, rock, surface water, and stream sediment sampling programs for high-efficiency target identification Examination of hydrochemical data with an eye towards building appropriate sampling programs for future environmental management

Presentation Creation of relevant documentation for:

•Exploration programs •Prospective buyers/investors •Local/state/federal regulatory agencies •Additional stakeholders

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Mining Geochemistry

Our services that are provided in mining geochemistry include: ~ Acid rock drainage (ARD) and metalliferous leachate prediction, control, and treatment ~ Pit lake water chemistry prediction and management ~ Waste rock and tailings characterization ~ Mine waste handling, planning, and closure ~ Tailings facility management, mitigation, and control ~ Life-of-mine waste risk and strategic planning ~ Permitting support ~ Heap leach draindown and closure support ~ Passive treatment design of ARD and metalliferous leachates ~ Mine waste management training courses

No industry is more acutely aware of the importance of rock-water interactions and their potential risks than the mining industry. From inception to post-closure, mining projects are managing their sites to minimize environmental risk and maximize productivity. Water Management Consultants - A Schlumberger Company (WMC) is a global leader in mining geochemistry. Our geochemical experts understand the demands of mining projects, their accelerated timelines, and the need for pragmatic solutions. These rigorous demands, as well as the complex geochemistry at mine sites, are met by our geochemists with state-of-the-science solutions and innovation. WMC solutions draw from our global experience in all major mining regions, in all ore body types, in all climatic conditions, and all hydrogeologic regimes.

Representative Projects Goldcorp Projects, Mexico and Guatemala WMC is providing site-wide waste characterization services to Goldcorp at six mines in Mexico and Guatemala. This includes sampling and analysis planning, interpretation, and operational and closure planning. Goldcorp San Martin Mine, Honduras WMC is providing ongoing pit lake management and closure support for a complex, side-hill cut operation. Project includes conceptual and detailed design options for potentially poor-quality pit lake water, including backfill, partial backfill, and passive treatment options. Kori Kollo and Kori Chaca Projects, Bolivia WMC designed and managed the pit rapid fill closure for Kori Kollo and provides ongoing assis-tance with pit lake chemistry management. This includes test-work and design for the potential use of passive treatment of excess pit lake water. WMC is also providing geochemical support for the Kori Chaca pit closure. Phelps Dodge Sierrita, Arizona WMC is conducting ongoing site-wide waste rock characterization to assist in mine life planning and closure strategies. Detailed static and kinetic testing is ongoing and will be used to char-acterize existing historical material as well as waste rock that will be generated over the 20-year future mine Mantos de Oro Mine, Chile WMC is conducting an ARD and waste characterization study for the Mantos de Oro mine in-cluding static and kinetic testing and interpretation. Data will be used for designing closure plans for their sulfide and oxide waste and for three open pits. Data will also be used for waste handling, and locating and designing additional waste rock facilities for future mine operations.

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