Wk 11 Gen prin in tchg lg skills.ppt

8/14/2019 Wk 11 Gen prin in tchg lg skills.ppt

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Laily Yahya 1

General principles in

teaching language skills


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Laily Yahya 2

Lecture outline

Discuss learners attitudes andmotivation

Explain learners levels ofabilities

Discuss general principles forremedial and enrichment

activitiesAnalyse purpose for remedial

and enrichment activities


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Laily Yahya 3

Learners attitude and motivation

Attitudes form a part of ones

perception of self, of others and

of the culture in which one is

living

Second language learners benefitfrom positive attitude.

Negative attitude may lead to

decreased motivation


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Contd.

Motivation : a state of cognitive arousal

which provokes a decision to act as aresult of which there is sustained

intellectuals and/or physical effort so that a

person can achieve some previously set

goal' Williams and Burden,1997:120)

Motivation .. Is as much a matter of

concern for the teacher as it is for the

learner , it depends as much on the

attitudes of the teacher as on the attitudes

of the students (Rodgers 1996:66)


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Types of motivation

Extrinsic: caused by external factors.e.g. a desire to be assimilated into the

culture of speakers of English

(integrative motivation)

Intrinsic: the keenness or desire to

learn English for its own sake.


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Learners attitude and motivation in

successful learning

Successful

in learning

Develops

competence

and performance

Positive attitude and

Motivated student

Wants to

learn English

Experiencessatisfaction


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Laily Yahya 7

contd

Teachers role :

-provoke interest and involvement-encourage by deeds and words

Learners role:

- take responsibility of own learning- dont just wait to be taught

- Must be aware that teachers cannot teach

them English unless they are prepared to take

some of the strain.

Real motivation comes from within each

individual .

( Jeremy Harmer, pp8 1998)


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Learners levels of abilities

Slow learners: lower intelligences, need more

time to grasp a concept /complete a task, needindividual attention and assistance to performsatisfactorily

Average learners: no extra talents or skills /great individual differences in needs, interestsand experiences/regular mainstream pupils

fast learners / High flyers : intelligent and

capable/ high scores in aptitude andintelligence/very motivated & creative

(Nesamalar Chitravelu et.al, 2005)


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Laily Yahya 9

Levels of abilities (Harmer 1998)

Beginner: Those who dont know any English

Elementary : able to communicate in a basicway , Can string some sentences together ,

take part in story telling & take part in

predictable interactions

Intermediate: a basic competence in speakingand writing and an ability to comprehend fairly

straightforward listening & reading

Advanced: level of English is competent,allowing them to read unsimplified fact &

fiction , communicate fluently with native

speakers (Harmer, 1998)


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Principles of Remedial and enrichmentactivities

- Level of relative learning difficulty: same skill

different input

- Nature of skill to be taught

- Effect on motivation

- Coherence between units of learning

- The importance of the item/skill

- How much is required for the item/skill to be

learnt- The level of proficiency and interest of the

pupils


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Purpose for remedial and enrichment

- To deepen pupils understanding of

appropriate contexts for use,

- to give sufficient repetition to improve

- Providing for reinforcement, recycling andenrichment

- balance treatment between the 4 skills


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Enrichment

To prevent from boredom if tasks hasbeen completed earlier than otherpupils

Challenge critical and creative thinking

Allows experimentation with language Pupils can be given supplementary

materials for them to work on their

own Texts/materials chosen suited to their

level of proficiency


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Remedial

to provide ideas and language

help(notes) Guided with linguistic models

Simpler tasks (low level thinking skills)\a

lot of extralinguistic help (listening taskExpected outcome simpler

Linguistically easier tasks

Accompanying visuals/pictures/keywords

Provide scaffolding , Lots of motivation

and encouragement to continue tasks


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Laily Yahya 14

Recapping the lecture

Discussed learners attitudes andmotivation

Explained learners levels of abilities

Discussed general principles forremedial and enrichment activities

Analysed purpose for remedial andenrichment activities


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Laily Yahya 15

Tutorial

Group work List ways of motivating learners and

discuss their effectiveness based on SBE

Categorise learners levels of abilities

based on class observation during SBE

Conduct a Round robin discussion on

principles and purposes for remedial and

enrichment activities

Documents

Wk 11 Gen prin in tchg lg skills.ppt