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“””WITH THE NAME OF ALLAH””””
PRESENTATION
MADE BY; DR.AMNA RAO PRESENTED BY; SAHAR AKRAM
VEGETABLE ACIDSHYDROCYANIC
ACID &CYANIDES
SOURCE prepared by distilling
KCN with dilute H2SO4 Occurs in leaves of
cherry lourel,bitter almond,in kernels of cherry,peach n in bamboo shoots n in oil seeds
LEAVES OF CHERRY LOUREL
BITTER ALMONDS
BAMBOO SHOOTS
USES
Used as FLAVORING AGENT e.g cherry &almond bitter
uses• Combines with metals i.e
Na,K,Ag forming KCN etc• Used in steel
industry,photography.HCN
• As insecticideMgCN
• Used for mining purposesCaCN
MgCN CaCN
charecteristics•Pure acid is colorless,volatile liquid ,with charecteristic odor which is similar to bitter almond.
•Only used in chemical labs
•Cheaply used to fumigate house,shops,railway carriages
Hcn MODE OF ACTION: A Protoplasmic poison,interferes
with the activity of cytochrome oxidase enzymes thus preventing tissue from utilizing oxygen from blood.
Signs &Symptoms ACUTE POISONING: HCN is a rapidly acting poison which act
within a few seconds Maximum time for death is 2-10 minutes SYMPTOMS; Odour of poison from breath,confusion
anxiety,giddiness,staggering gait,pupils are dilated n don’t react to light
Loss of consciousness&short rapid inspiration.
Convulsions & rapid feeble pulse Bright, shinning and wide opened eyes of
victim
Cyanosis,cold skin,relaxation of sphincters,foam on mouth,death from respiratory failure.
HCN INHALATION causes constriction in throat and chest,dizziness,vertigo & ultimately death due to respiratory failure.
KCN SYMPTOMS: Corrosions of mouth,throat &
stomach leading to epigastric pain and vomiting.
Cyanosis of face,neck & hands Frothy foams on lips,dilated
pupils,pulse imperceptive Slow and shallow respiration Incontinance of urine Respiratory failure & ultimately
death
CORROSIONS OF MOUTH
Chronic poisoning HCN is mainly found in photography
works due to their long exposure. SYMPTOMS: Headache,vertigo,anorexia,anemia,dyspno
ea,constipation.
Fatal dose:
KCN 200mg ,HCN60mg 70-80 bitter almonds ,60 drops
almond oil Fatal period:2-10 minutes
TREATMENT 1.EMESIS; Immediately irritate the larynx leading the
patient to vomit. Warm water is used if available.
2.Antidotes: Amyl-nitrate(give inhalation for 30 seconds) Na-nitrate(1/2 to 10ml of 3%) Na-thiosulphate(slow injection,50ml 25%)
AMYL-NITRATE(antidot)
Mode of action of nitrates
NITRATES forms Met-Hb(which combines with cyanide forming cyano-met Hb ,thus enzyme is free for action)
Na-thiosulphate;inactivate cyanide by converting it into thiocyanate and so enzyme is free.
3.METHYLENE BLUE;50CC of 1% It also forms MET-Hb. Keep patient warm and give artificial
respiration and O2 inhalation. 4.KCN_POISONING: Wash stomach with KMNO4 5.IV GLUCOSE: to treat shock 6.inhaled poisoning: Give artificial respiration and O2 inhalation
Postmortem findings
External: 1.skin is bright red in colour due
to formation of cyan met-Hb & presence of unutilized O2 in blood
2.clinched fingers,cyanosed blue nails, froth at mouth
3.Jaw firmly closed
4.Bright & prominent eyes with dilated pupils
EXTERNAL APPEARANCE
DISCOLOURATION OF SKIN
5.Rigor mortis starts early and lasts longer.
Internal: 1.on opening the body,there will be
odour of HCN
2.froth in trachea and brochi which may be blood stained.
3.lungs congested.
Hcn &kcn poisoning
Hcn: Mucous membrane of esophagus,
stomach&doudenum will be red & congested.
Kcn: 1.lips and mouth corroded and mucous
membrane of stomach will be ulcerated. 2.brain and its meninges are congested. 3.lungs dark red,congested & edematous. 4.liver and spleen also congested.
Medicolegal importance 1.Used as suicidal poison 2.Used as homocidal poison for
cattles.also called cattle poison. 3.Accidental poison due to oil
almond,cherry laural oil, & inhalation of fumes
4.Application to wounds,injection of HCN in rectum or maybe taken for medical purpose,all leading to accidental poisioning.
5.Traces of HCN also produced by putrefaction.
Excretion:
HCN is absorbed from mucus membrane ,intact skin & also through lungs.
Some part of cyanide is excreted in urine in the form of sulphocyanide.
Also excreted through skin.
Toxic acid of KCN depend upon quantity of HCL in Stomach.
RASPUTIN was given 10 times more than fatal dose,but he survived.Reason was that he was chronic alcohilic and bcz of gastritis & lack of HCL.
NO conversion of cyanide into HCN Gastriris also retards absorbtion of
cyanide.
Rasputin story:
THANK U