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With few exceptions, the graphic information will come in one of five forms –
• line graph• bar graph• pie chart• table• diagram
These will be illustrating information contained in your research paper.
Describing Graphic Information or a Process in Language Appropriate to Report Writing.
Western Participants Residence
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Australia and NZAustralia and NZ 25%25%
North America North America 25%25%
Britain Britain 23%23%
Germany Germany 10%10%
Sweden Sweden 8%8%
Other EuropeanOther European 9%9%
(Masters 2008)
Asian Participants Country Residence
Malaysia
Japan
Thailand
China inc Hong Kong
South Korea
SingaporeTaiwan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(Masters 2008)
Geert Hofstede™ Cultural Dimensions
Selecting Information
Important: • Describe the whole graph fully
• Does not mean note every detail
• Do not include too much information
• Summarise by dividing into its main parts
• Describe the trends
Task one: single line graph
Describing Trends
Expressing Movement: Nouns and Verbs
For each trend there are a number of verbs and nouns to express the movement.
• Use a verb of change, for example:
•Unemployment levels fell
•Or we can use a related noun, for example:
•There was a fall in unemployment levels
Describing the Movement: Adjectives and Adverbs
Giving more information about a trend:
•There has been a slight increase in the value of the dollar(degree of change)
•Unemployment fell rapidly last year (the speed of change)
**Remember:
•We modify a noun with an adjective (a slight increase)
and
• A verb with an adverb (to increase slightly).
Describing the Degree of Change
Describing the Speed of Change
Expressing Approximation
Describe the information period by period
•Graph gives the information in five year sections
•¨first, a gradual increase from 1960 to 1968•¨second, a steeper increase from 1968 to 1977•¨third, a plateau from 1977 to 1983•¨fourth, a drop from 1983 to 1988
Sample Task
Bar Graphs
When describing some bar graphs you will sometimes use
the same language as the line graphs. This will be the case if
one axis of the bar graph gives a time scale.
Example 1
In some cases, however, it will not be appropriate to
describe the bar graphs in terms of time and different
language will need to be used.
Example 2
In this graph of Electro Inc’s television sales between 1996 and
1999, we can see that purchases of televisions went up in 1996 and
continued to rise steadily until 1998 when they dropped slightly.
Someland was the most popular destination for holiday makers from Indonesia with about one million, followed by Japan which attracted approximately eight hundred thousand holiday makers
Comparing and ContrastingComparing and Contrasting
Adjectives - One syllable
cheap cheap cheaper cheaper cheapestcheapest
large large larger larger largestlargest
bright bright brighter brighter brightestbrightest
Exceptions: good good better better bestbest
bad bad worse worse worstworst
Two syllables
pretty pretty prettier prettier prettiestprettiesthappy happy happier happier happiesthappiest
Some comparatives and superlatives:
striking striking more striking more striking most strikingmost striking
clever clever more clever / cleverer more clever / cleverer most clever /cleverestmost clever /cleverest
Three or more syllables
attractive attractive more attractivemore attractive most attractive most attractive
profitable profitable more profitable more profitable most profitable most profitable
expensive expensive more expensive most expensivemore expensive most expensive