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Witches? Were all witches in one way or another. Witches was the invention of mankind, son. Were all witches beneath the skin.

- Ian Rankin, The FloodSALEM WITCH TRIALSCreated by Lawrence Kwong and Josh Lishnevetsky of 7C ID4

1Religion kept them together and was a major part of their lives, everyone being very pious and devout to their strict Protestant faith.During this period when the Massachusetts Bay Colony was thriving, a number of religious trials took place in the village of Salem, Massachusetts in between 1692 and 1693. Many innocent people were accused and even killed during these times.These notorious trials are now known as,The Salem Witch Trials.When it all began

When the Puritans came to America, they were looking for religious freedom and a place to start anew.

Hard Times in MassachusettsDuring 1692, the Puritan village of Salem faced many hardships. The colonists awaited a new governor and had no charter to enforce laws. Along with no government system or anybody to overlook the village, the colonists faced many attacks from the neighboring Native Americans and French Canadians. They themselves had many problems with farming and diseases- the land was rocky and hard to traverse, along with a bitter climate that caused droughts and floods that would ruin a years crops. An epidemic of disease, such as smallpox, could kill an entire family, and freezing winters made life almost unbearable. Many of the villagers believed that the Devil had cursed them and had purposely made their lives miserable.

3The Creation of WitchesPerhaps it were the hardships that caused the Salem Witch Trials, but it was in 1692 that the theory of witchcraft evolved from a belief to a fact for them.Betty Parris, 9, Abigail Williams, 11, and Ann Putnam, 12, start to have odd fits, where they contorted their bodies in eccentric positions, shouted improper phrases, and threw objects around the room as they talked randomly about gibberish.Doctors proclaimed that the girls behavior was the result of Satans work and that the girls were now possessed by the Devil.

We knew nothing about science, so we just blamed it on the Devil!Abigail WilliamsBetty ParisAnn Putnam

5Though both Sarah's are acquitted of their accusations of being a witch, Tituba lies- she takes the blame and confesses to the accusations of being a witch. Her life was spared, but in return, many others were lost because of her strange, colorful stories about animals and otherworldly creatures and accusations of others being witches.Immediately after, people were frightened and frantic to capture the primary witch, causing a witch frenzy.Lies, Lies, Lies.

When the girls were accused of being possessed by the Devil, they all pointed fingers at a slave from the West Indies named Tituba, and two other spinsters named Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good.

She was a slave that was purchased in Barbados, where she had practiced voodoo, spells, and conjuring tricks.Of the 3 women who were accused of witchcraft, Tituba was the only one who survived the trials.Though many know her as the liar who caused many of the deaths during the Salem witch trials, Tituba technically did nothing wrong. She had believed at the time, that she had the ability to actually summon demons/imps, therefore, she had told the truth that she was a witch- someone who supposedly had the ability to create evil and dangerous monsters as well.Tituba, The Lying Slave- Right?The Witch Hunt BeginsAs people are now accusing others of being a witch, each person in the village suspects one another, and most of the villagers are put on trial- the Salem Witch Trials have begun.Many of the people who are accused by the girls or Tituba, also confess to being a witch and believe that by giving in to the peoples accusations, they would stay alive.Ultimately, their lives were spared, but now that they were no longer accused, they were forced to tell more lies and accusations about other people being witches.To put it simply, as hysteria spread, people concluded that it was safer to accuse than be accused.to paint someone as a witch was often a matter of say-so.

The Ultimate TestWhen someone was accused of being a witch, they were put on trial and sometimes he or she would be tested.One way they would proceed with the test would be to tie the witch up and throw him/her into the water- if he or she drowned, they were innocent, but if they survived, they would be a witch!Funny thing is, everyone who was tested this way, died!And I wonder why?

Bridget Bishop and Elizabeth ProcterBridget Bishop was an outcast in the Puritan community since she mocked Puritan traditions, went against laws, and wore a different fashion of clothing.She was actually accused of witchcraft some years before the 1692 witch-hunt and her past made her an easy target of accusations. She was the first witch to be tried, condemned, and executed.8 days after the Salem Witch Trials begin, Bridget Bishop is hanged on Gallows hill- June 10, 1692.

Elizabeth Procter was a pregnant Puritan whos death sentenced was postponed after her conviction of witchcraft- her pregnancy had saved her.She survived the trials and was eventually released. In the eyes of the law though, she was dead and therefore, she could not reclaim her late husbands property or even her own dowry.Rebecca NurseRebecca Nurse was a respected churchgoer and leader of the Puritan community.She was the only accused witch that was not found guilty. A total of 40 or more friends and neighbors had testified and argued Rebeccas faith and morale.The verdict, however, sparked such a terrifying outcry from the accusers- the girls and Tituba- that the chief judge ordered the jury to reconsider. They then found Rebecca Nurse guilty.She was hanged on July 19, 1692.

George Burroughs- The lords prayerAnother way that some people believed would prove if someone was a witch was if someone could perfectly recite the Lord's Prayer then he or she was not a witch. This was Reverends Cotton Mathers theory.George Burroughs proved Mathers theory wrong though. Burroughs was the only Puritan minister/reverend who was accused and executed in 1692 in Salem. He was the minister of Salem Village but left it 3 years later, eventually leaving the village as well because of his debt. However, twelve years later, he was charged, arrested, and brought back to Salem. Many Puritans testified against him and called him the "ring leader" of the witches. He was found guilty and hanged on August 19, 1692.The most notorious part about his death though was that he said the Lords prayer right before he died. Mather had claimed that it was impossible for a witch to state this Biblical statement. It is said that it was so well worded, and uttered with such composednessand drew Tears from many.John WillardJohn Willard was a deputy constable who was frustrated about having to arrest witches he considered innocent. His skepticism enraged his community members and Willard was accused of witchcraft; Ann Putnam alone blamed his specter (a terrifying, intangible spirit-of Satan in this case) for a dozen murders. He was hanged on August 19, 1692.

GilesCoryOne of the 25 members killed in the Salem Witch TrialsGiles was a rich farmer and full member of the church.April 1692- accused of visiting Ann Putnam and asking to write in the Devils book (referring to a book from the Devil that Tituba claimed all witches had signed)Ghosts told Ann that he was a killer and Giles Cory was pronounced guilty.He was stoned on September 19th, 1692 (while stoned, his last words were, More stones.).

Dorothy Good- A Childs Innocence4 year-old girlHer nickname was Dorcas Good.She was the daughter of Sarah Good, one of the women who were accused and hanged for being a witch.Dorcas was taken to prison after her mothers death and tortured in her cell- one of the first cases of child abuse.Paranoia spreads through the village as the Puritans realize that if a 4 year old girl, devout and pious church members can be witches, as well as ministers, anybody can be a witch.

A Matter of Which Witch is Which?An Everyday PuritanWitchesPuritans from EnglandLived in MassachusettsNormal PeoplePuritans from EnglandLived in MassachusettsNormal People

The End of the NooseThe mass hysteria ended nearly two years later, in 1693, when the governors wife was accused of being a witch.Everyone in the community knew that she was a respectable and cordial woman that couldnt possibly be a witch.They began to doubt the accusations from the witch trials and all the theories of everyone being possessed by the Devil.In October of 1692, the governor, Governor Phipps, prohibited further arrests, released many accused witches and dissolved the courts where the trials took place. By May 1693, Phipps eventually pardoned all who were in prison on witchcraft charges and the Salem Witch Trials were over. More than 200 people were accused of witchcraft and of those people, 25 had died.

A Mere Starvation for Attention?Some people say that the girls (Betty Paris, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam) had had seizures due to a disease, while others say they were just playing around for attention.The theory is that Tituba, the slave, had taught them how to bark like animals, contort their bodies, and act eccentrically like the demons she could summon. These actions began to make the colonists even more aware of the Devils presence in the community and when the girls were accused of being possessed, they had blamed it on Tituba since she had taught them these things.ORA Disease?Recently though, scientists and historians have analyzed the incident again and now believe that the three girls had been poisoned through their food. Rye, a very common grain found in Massachusetts, could have been infected by fungus ergot, a fungus that forms in grains under the right weather conditions (warm and damp conditions). It happens though, that Salem had these conditions during their summer growing season in 1691. Furthermore, each girl lived near marshes or swamps, all places where ergot could have prospered and had the symptoms of this fungus- muscle spasms, delusions, seizures, and contortions.

Perhaps it is true, but they are only theories, with no complete facts we can determine, and there are many other possible theories surrounding the trials about what caused the girls to act absurdly.Picture of a grain infected with fungus ergotAnn Putnam, Abigail Williams, and Betty Paris began having convulsions and were accused of being possessed by Satan.They accused 3 women, Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne, of being witches.Tituba admits to this accusation and begins to accuse others of the same title.150 people were jailed during that spring of 1692.The Salem Witch Trials began on June 2, 1692.When the trials finally ended, 25 people had died, 100s jailed, and the town mourned the deaths of the deceased.

HighlightsHighlights

In Memory of.Bridget Bishop- June 10th, 1692Sarah Good- July 19th, 1692Rebecca Nurse- July 19th, 1692Susannah Martin- July 19th, 1692Elizabeth How- July 19th, 1692Sarah Wilds- July 19th, 1692George Burroughs- August 19th, 1692John Proctor- August 19th, 1692John Willard- August 19th, 1692George Jacobs, Sr.- August 19th, 1692Martha Carrier- August 19th, 1692Giles Corey- September 19th, 1692 (stoned)Martha Corey- September 22nd, 1692Mary Eastey- September 22nd, 1692Alice Parker- September 22nd, 1692Ann Pudeater- September 22nd, 1692Margaret Scott- September 22nd, 1692Wilmott Reed- September 22nd, 1692Samuel Wardwell- September 22nd, 1692Mary Parker- September 22nd, 1692 Sarah Osborne- She died in jailRoger Toothaker- He died in jailLyndia Dustin- She died in jailAnn Foster- She died in jailNames of those who had died due to the devastating Salem Witch TrialsIf you would like to watch a video or do a fun activity, click on the following links. Have fun!http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/story/story.htmlhttp://www.history.com/videos/salem-witch-trials#salem-witch-trialshttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/salem/http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29529-assignment-discovery-salem-witch-trials-video.htmFun Activities!Bibliography- Sourceshttp://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.htmlhttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/story/story.htmlhttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/salem/http://www.history.com/videos/salem-witch-trials#salem-witch-trialshttp://salem.lib.virginia.edu/people?group.num=all&mbio.num=mb3A Delusion of Satan:The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials by Frances HillRead magazine: Witch HuntBibliography- Picture 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