REPUBLIC POLYTECHNICQEHS Work InstructionWISP-SEG-08 Rev 010Effective Date: 19/08/2009

SEGCHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

 

1          PURPOSE  

To specify requirements for purchasing, receiving, storing, labeling, handling and transporting of chemicals and substances, and the disposal of its waste.

  2          SCOPE 

This procedure is applicable to all functions and activities involving the use, handling and processing of chemicals and substances.

  3          RESPONSBILITY 

3.1       The OES and Schools shall be responsible to ensure that contractors and employees under their respective management are aware of the hazards associated with the chemicals they are handling, and are trained to use, store, handle and transport the chemicals responsibly (see Material Safety Data Sheets on the proper handling of all chemicals, Hardcopies of MSDS of substances that are available in the laboratories are filed and indexed at designated storage cabinets at the laboratories. Up-to-date online versions of MSDS can also be found at http://www.msdssearch.com/DBLinksN.htm or http://www.mallbaker.com/Americas/catalog/default.asp?searchfor=msds).

 3.2       All employees who handle chemicals need to follow the requirements that are laid

down in this procedure. 

3.3       The OES/relevant school is responsible to engage technical assistance for the handling, collection and disposal of hazardous wastes generated by the activities of the respective department. The OES/relevant school shall ensure that only waste collectors and transporters licensed with the National Environment Agency (NEA) are appointed.

 3.4      The OES/relevant school is responsible for managing the hazardous wastes. He shall

ensure that appropriate means of waste collection and suitable storage locations are provided to facilitate waste disposal and segregation.

 3.5      The OES/relevant school shall be responsible to register with the NEA's electronic

consignment note system (http://broadband.env.gov.sg/eTracking/frm_cmn_Login.asphttp://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1531#E-Tracking) for reporting the consignment details after each collection of hazardous waste.

 3.6      The relevant school generating hazardous wastes are responsible for ensuring that the

wastes are properly separated, collected in good suitable containers and arranged properly in their school’s designated areas or in the designated central storage area.

  

4          DEFINITIONS 

Hazardous Substance: any substance which owing to its nature, composition or quantity constitutes a danger to human health or the environment.

 

Hazardous waste means any waste that is generated from processes that involved hazardous substances.

 A list of controlled and hazardous substances is found in Appendix I.

  5          RELATED DOCUMENTS/REFERENCES  5.1      Guidelines on Prevention and Control of chemical hazard by Ministry of Manpower http://www.mom.gov.sg/Documents/safety-health/factsheets-circulars/Prevention

%20and%20Control%20of%20Chemical%20Hazards.pdfhttp://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/etc/medialib/mom_library/Workplace_Safety/bc_chemicals.Par.36802.File.tmp/Prevention%20and%20Control%20of%20Chemical%20Hazards.pdf

 5.2         Management of Hazardous Waste

http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090316748986342293.pdfhttp://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1531#OVERVIEW

 

6          PROCEDURE 6.1       PURCHASE OF CHEMICAL

 

 

 

 6.6       HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 6.6.1     Handling of oxidizing chemicals 6.6.1.1            Do not return excess amounts of the chemical to the original container. Even very

small amount of impurities introduced into the container can cause an explosion. 6.6.1.2           Do not allow these chemicals to contact ignition sources such as a flame, a spark

from an electrical device or socket, a spark from friction such as grinding metal, or even static electricity.

 6.6.1.3             Do not allow oxidizing material to come into contact with organic material. 6.6.1.4            Many oxidizers are shock sensitive. Do not use “chipping” as a method of breaking

up solid oxidizers. 6.6.1.5            An eyewash station and safety shower must be present in areas where these

chemicals are used. 6.6.2     Handling of flammable chemicals 

6.6.2.1            Flammable chemicals must be used away from sources of ignition, such as flames, sparks from an electrical device or socket, sparks from friction by grinding metal, or static electricity.

 6.6.2.2            If a flammable substance must be heated, do not heat it with a burner (naked

flame) or electrical device directly. Use a steam bath, heating mantle, water bath, oil bath or hot air bath.

 6.6.2.3            Adequate ventilation must be provided when using flammable liquids. Flammable

vapors can only ignite if they are within the flammability range. The flammability range refers to the maximum and minimum concentrations of a flammable vapor in the air that can be ignited. These maximum and minimum concentrations are called the upper explosive limit (UEL) and the lower explosive limit (LEL), respectively. These values can be found on the chemical’s MSDS. To ensure that a fire does not result, concentrations of flammable vapors in the air must be kept below 10% of the LEL.

 6.6.2.4            Remove all flammable materials and notify all other occupants in the area before

lighting a flame. 6.6.2.5           Equipment that is oil or gas fired must be equipped with flame failure safety

controls to prevent the flow of flammable materials should the burner or pilot light go out.

 6.6.3     Handling of corrosive chemicals 6.6.3.1           Great care must be taken to ensure that these chemicals do not come into contact

with the skin or eyes. Appropriate protective equipment should be worn. 6.6.3.2          Use a fume hood or other effective ventilation system when handling corrosives,

even if the corrosive is not volatile. Hazardous gases, such as flammable hydrogen gas, may be released.

 6.6.3.3          When diluting acids with water, DO NOT add water to the acid! This will result in a

vigorous reaction releasing large amounts of heat. Always add acid to water, slowly down the sides of the container, with frequent stirring. Allow the mixture to cool before capping the container.

 6.6.3.4           An eyewash station and safety shower must be present in areas where these

chemicals are used. 6.6.3.5          Do not allow incompatible materials, such as organic materials to come onto

contact with corrosive materials. 6.6.3.6            Open containers of corrosive materials slowly. 6.6.3.7          Hydrofluoric acid is an extremely hazardous corrosive and can penetrate the skin,

causing serious permanent damage. Working with this chemical should be avoided, and extreme caution must be used when it is being handled.

 6.6.4     Handling of toxic chemicals 

6.6.4.1         Avoid direct skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion of even tiny amounts of these chemicals. Engineering controls must be in place to prevent direct contact. Appropriate protective equipment is usually also required.

 6.6.4.2          Make a conscious effort to avoid touching your face, eyes or mouth. Smoking,

scratching, and nail-biting are common practices that can expose workers to toxic chemicals.

 6.6.4.3          Toxic chemicals, especially volatile liquid toxins, may only be handled in an area

with special ventilation equipment, such as a fume hood. 6.6.4.4            Be on the lookout for signs of exposure to toxic chemicals. These can include, but

are not limited to, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, nausea, or skin and eye irritation. Note: Not all toxins are accompanied by immediate warning signs of exposure, i.e. cancer-causing chemicals. The MSDS provides information on the health effects of acute and chronic exposure.

 6.6.4.5            Practice good personal hygiene. Wash hands and arms thoroughly after working

with these chemicals. For some toxic substances, workers may be required to shower before returning home.

 6.6.4.6            An emergency shower and eyewash station must be nearby wherever these

chemicals are used. 

6.7      DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 6.7.1   The department that generates hazardous wastes will ensure that suitable containers

with appropriate markings/labels describing the wastes are placed in designated areas within their sections for employees to dispose the wastes.

 6.7.2   All staff and students will be briefed by the OES/relevant school on the proper

procedure to handle and dispose hazardous wastes (Please refer to Appendix V). 6.7.3   When staff and students dispose wastes into the suitable containers, they are to

ensure that the wastes are properly deposited and no spillage occurs. If spillage or leakage occurs, they are to report to EHS committee / OES for proper spill control procedure to be carried out.

 6.7.4   Good housekeeping must be practised at all times by all staff and students. Lids of

containers for collecting hazardous wastes must remain closed at all times other than when depositing wastes.

 6.7.5   Sharps are to be disposed off in separate containers. 6.7.6   When the waste container(s) is filled up to the mark indicated (which is equivalent to

approximately eighty percent full), the authorised staff will transport it to the designated storage area. The staff will ensure an empty suitable good container is in place for future waste collection.

 6.7.7   At the designated storage area, the container is to be placed properly on a storage

shelf with the label/marking pointing outwards for easy identification and checking (Please refer to Appendix VI). Fire extinguishers and spill control equipment shall be readily available near the designated storage area. A “Non-Smoking” sign is to be prominently displayed in the area.

 6.7.8   When the designated storage area is full, the OES/relevant school will arrange for the

licensed waste collector to collect the containers. 6.7.9   The OES / relevant school will report the amount collected by the waste collector via

the electronic consignment note system (See 3.5).  6.8      LABELLING OF CONTAINERS  6.8.1   Suppliers of chemicals should ensure that all containers of chemicals are properly

labeled. 6.8.2   The label should indicate the name, contents, danger symbols and hazards of the

chemicals (i.e. hazard or risk phrases) as well as the precautionary measures to be taken (i.e. precaution or safety phrases)

 6.8.3   If a toxic or hazardous chemical is decanted or transferred from its original container to

a new one, the container to which the chemical is decanted should also be properly labeled.

 6.8.4   Always check the label before handling any chemical. If a chemical container does not

have a label, do not handle it until it is properly identified. 

6.8.5   All torn, damaged or misplaced labels should be replaced. 6.8.6   Always check the MSDS if you have any doubts about the chemical after reading the

label. 6.9       TRANSPORTATION OF CHEMICALS 6.9.1     Before transporting any chemicals, check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for

the chemicals for any safety precaution and leakage preventive measures. 6.9.2     Prepare the materials needed to contain the spillage, if any, before transporting. 6.9.3     When loading the chemicals on the trolley, ensure proper lifting posture (while lifting

heavy objects, go to a kneeling position before lifting). 6.9.4     If transporting more than 1 kind of chemicals, ensure the compatibility of the chemicals

before loading onto the same trolley. 6.9.5     Do not overload the trolley. 6.9.6     If the containers of the chemicals are made of breakable materials, always ensure the

containers are put in polystyrene box to reduce impact. 6.9.7     Ensure boxes or containers that are placed on the trolley is secured and if necessary,

place an anti-slip below the containers. 6.9.8     When moving from point A to point B, the personnel transporting are cautious of its

environment like hump, grooves or any other hazards and also the maneuvering of the trolley.

 6.9.9     At least two personnel must be involved when transporting hazardous materials. 6.9.10  Push the trolley slowly and be aware of blind corners. 6.9.11  When unloading the chemicals, ensure the same precautions as of loading.    7          APPENDIX 

Appendix I List of controlled and hazardous substances

Appendix II Form for recording inventory of hazardous substances

Appendix III Chemical Compatibility Table for storage of chemicals

Appendix IV Guidelines for storage of chemicals

Appendix V SOP for proper hazardous waste handling and disposal

Appendix VI Labels used for chemical waste disposal

Appendix VII Chemical waste disposal log

Appendix VIII List of vendors for the disposal of hazardous wastes

Appendix IX Gloves’ Chemical Resistance Chart for the Handling of Hazardous Chemicals

Appendix X Amendment History 

    

APPENDIX I

LIST OF CONTROLLED and HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES          Please refer to

http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090629934087284535.pdfhttp://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1428 for the complete list of hazardous substances controlled by the Environmental Pollution Protection and Management Control Act (EPCAEPMA).

         The general exemptions to the permit for the purchase, store and/or use of any of the

hazardous substances as laboratory reagents can be found at http://www.nea.gov.sg/cms/pcd/Lab_Reagents_Annex_1.pdf. For hazardous substances listed in the document link herein this point, the relevant school shall apply a permit with NEA for these hazardous substances individually even though they are used as laboratory reagents.

         Please refer to http://www.nea.gov.sg/cms/pcd/tiw_schedule.pdf for the list of Toxic

Industrial Wastes which is found in the SCHEDULE of the Environmental Public Health Regulations. 

        Please refer to http://www.scdf.gov.sg/content/scdf_internet/en/building-professionals/fire-safety-licensing-and-enforcement/Petroleum-Storage-Tpt/_jcr_content/par/download/file.res/Latest%202010%20Copy%20of%20complete%20list%20of%20licensable%20chemicals(Revised).xlshttp://www.scdf.gov.sg/downloads/FS_Licensing/Revised_HS_Code_18Apr2006.xls for a complete list of flammable materials licensable under the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF).

         Please refer to http://www.scdf.gov.sg/content/scdf_internet/en/building-professionals/fire-

safety-licensing-and-enforcement/Guidebook-App-Petroleum-Flammable/_jcr_content/par/download_0/file.res/Exemption_quantities_for_FM.xlshttp://www.scdf.gov.sg/downloads/FS_Licensing/Exemption_quanties_for_FM.xlsfor a list of exemption quantities for flammable materials, located at the SCDF website.

         Information on the licensing and type of flammable materials controlled by the SCDF are

found here http://www.scdf.gov.sg/scdf_internet/en/building-professionals/fire-safety-licensing-and-enforcement/Guidebook-App-Petroleum-Flammable.htmlhttp://www.scdf.gov.sg/Building_Professionals/Fire_Safety_Licensing_and_Enforcement/Guidebook_App_P&FM_Licence.html.

         Please refer to

http://www.spf.gov.sg/licence/AE/others/Licensing_of_Explosive_Precursors.pdf http:// www.spf.gov.sg/licence/AE/others/Licensing_of_Explosive_Precursors.pdf for a lists of substances which are classified as explosive precursors and controlled by the Singapore Police Force.

         Information on the frequently asked questions and the exclusion amount of the explosive

precursors are found here http://www.spf.gov.sg/licence/AE/FAQ/FAQ_on_Licensing_of_Explosive_Precursors.pdfhttp://www.spf.gov.sg/licence/AE/FAQ/FAQ_on_Licensing_of_Explosive_Precursors.pdf

         Please refer to the Register of Permits and Licenses, SEG document for the hazardous

substance permit issued by NEA, SPF and SCDF. APPENDIX II  

FORM FOR RECORD OF PURCHASE, STORE AND USE OF HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCE KEPT BY A PERSON AUTHORISED TO

STORE AND USE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 

 

Name of Hazardous Substance: _____________________________________________

 Percentage of purity: ______________________________________________________ Chemical Grade:______________________________________________________ 

DateQty

Rec’d

Invoice / Delivery Order No

Name / Address of

Supplier

Qty Used

Qty Stored

Signature of Permit

Holder

   

Adapted from ‘Guidelines on Prevention and Control of chemical hazard’ by Ministry of Manpower http://www.mom.gov.sg/Documents/safety-health/factsheets-circulars/Prevention%20and%20Control%20of%20Chemical%20Hazards.pdfhttp://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/etc/medialib/mom_library/Workplace_Safety/bc_chemicals.Par.36802.File.tmp/Prevention%20and%20Control%20of%20Chemical%20Hazards.pdf 

APPENDIX IV 

GUIDELINES FOR STORAGE OF CHEMICALS The following general precautions shall be observed when storing chemicals.   Chemicals shall be stored in appropriate containers.   All storage containers shall be labeled to indicate the identity of the chemicals, the hazards

involved and the precautions to be taken.   The storage area for chemicals shall be provided with adequate lighting and ventilation.   Different classes of hazardous chemicals shall be separated.   Incompatible chemicals shall not be stored together.   Volatile liquids shall be stored in a cool place, away from sunlight or heat sources.  Their

containers shall not be completely filled.   Licensed chemicals shall be stored in a locked cupboard with proper inventory records.   All storage containers shall be properly arranged.   All supplies shall be correctly recorded in stock books and inspected regularly. The following outlines the general requirements for the storage of chemicals that are corrosive, flammable, reactive or toxic in nature respectively. STORAGE OF CORROSIVE CHEMICALS   Acids or alkalis shall be stored in plastic or other suitable containers.   Strong acids and bases shall be kept in separate cabinets, preferably with catch trays.   The main stock of concentrated acids and bases shall be stored as near to the floor level as

possible.   The inventory of corrosive chemicals shall be kept to a minimum.   Protective gloves, safety glasses, face shields and aprons shall be worn where appropriate.   Acids shall be diluted with care – always add acid to water, never add water to acid.STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS   Flammable solvents shall be stored in safety cans.   Flammable liquids shall be kept in steel cabinets or away from any heat source.   Flammable liquids shall not be kept on open shelves.   Flammable liquids shall not be stored in refrigerators. 

  There shall be no smoking at or near the storage area.   Fire-fighting equipment shall be available at the storage area.   The amount of flammable liquids in working areas shall be kept to a minimum.   Flammable chemicals shall only be handled in areas free of ignition sources. STORAGE OF REACTIVE CHEMICALS   Reactive chemicals shall be stored at isolated, cool, dry areas and away from direct

sunlight.   Open flames and other sources of heat must be kept away from reactive chemicals.   Shock, friction and all forms of impact must be avoided.   Incompatible materials shall not be stored near each other to prevent any accidental

contact.   Chemicals which readily absorb moisture or reacts violently with air must be kept in tightly

sealed containers or desiccators.   The quantity of reactive chemicals stored or used shall be kept to a minimum.   Safety glasses or goggles and gloves must be worn during handling. STORAGE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS   Toxic chemicals shall be stored in proper containers.   Highly toxic chemicals shall preferably be stored in double containment or kept in a locked

cupboard.   Minimum amount of toxic chemicals shall be kept for current use.   Suitable types of personal protective appliances shall be used when handling toxic

chemicals. USE AND CONTROL OF CORROSIVE CHEMICALS FOR CLEANING The handling of chemicals or cleaning agents of an acidic or corrosive nature requires special care and procedures. Only trained personnel are allowed to handle such chemicals, and these shall be properly locked and stored away to ensure that there is no improper access or use by unauthorized personnel when not in use. The Site Supervisor shall be fully trained to handle the use of all hazardous chemicals available on site, and he shall be accountable for all storage and use of the chemicals on site.  CHEMICAL SPILLAGE CONTROL In the event of a chemical spillage, there is a need to ensure that the mess is quickly cleaned and cleared before the situation becomes uncontrollable. Any cleaning personnel in

encountering spillage in their course of work shall take note of the guidelines outlined as follows accordingly if it is either minor or major spill. Minor Spill Procedure – A minor spill is one whereby the individual responsible for the spill is capable of handling safely without assistance from safety and emergency personnel eg. accidental drip of chemical in work area. Notify the staff in charge or the supervisor. Cordon off the affected area with warning signs. Identify the chemical and hazards involved by checking the MSDS. Use this information to judge response and procedures. Choose the appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing in vapors from the spill and increase the ventilation area. Confine and contain the spill by cover/ absorb liquid spills with absorbent materials. Acid and base should be neutralized prior to cleanup using the acid/base neutralizer. Sweep/ scoop up any solid material into a bag. Decontaminate equipment, clothing if necessary. Dispose the contaminated materials and absorbent in containment bags for collection by licensed toxic waste collector. Major Spill Procedure – This usually arise from broken chemical bottles. Stop work immediately, do not touch any substance. Evacuate from the spill area and alert those nearby. Notify the staff in charge or the supervisor immediately, if possible provide information about the type of chemical involved, the estimated quantity and the exact location of the spill. The Fire Command Centre will be alerted, cordoned off the affected area with warning signs, cleanup will be done or by using the services from specialized clean up contractors. Seek advice from SCDF or NEA when necessary. In case of personal contact with chemicals, remove the victim from the immediate area, remove any contaminated clothing and flush all areas of the body contacted with chemical with water for at least 15minutes. Seek medical attention immediately, bring along the MSDS if necessary. Dispose the contaminated/ soiled materials by licensed toxic waste collectors.

   

 

APPENDIX VII 

CHEMICAL WASTE DISPOSAL LOG Chemical Waste #: __________________ Date Disposed

Disposed By Waste Name (include concentrations or contaminants)

Qty Remarks

                                                                                    Date of Completion: __________________Date of Disposal: ____________Staff-in-charge: __________________

APPENDIX VIII LIST OF VENDORS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE ECO Group companies:

 Chemical Waste Management

By post : Chem-Solv Technologies Pte Ltd 29/31, Pioneer Sector 2, Singapore 628385/628387.

By phone : Customer Hotline    : (65)-6861-4277Service Facsimile     : (65)-6861-8151

By email at chemsolv@chemcolvtech.com

 Non Hazardous Waste Management (Spent Bottles)

By post : Chem-Solv Technologies Pte Ltd29/31, Pioneer Sector 2, Singapore 628385/628387

By phone : Customer Hotline    : (65)-6861-4277Service Facsimile : (65)-6861-8151

By email at chemsolv@chemcolvtech.com

 GLOVES’ CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART FOR THE HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS

CHEMICALS 

APPENDIX IX 

  

 EXCELLENT

PROTECTIONGOOD

PROTECTIONFAIR

PROTECTIONPOOR

PROTECTIONNOT

RECOMMENDED

CHEMICAL NITRILE VINYL LATEX1 ACETONE NR F NR2 ACETIC ACID G E F3 ACETONE NR E NR4 ACETONITRILE F E NR5 ACRYLIC ACID G E NR6 AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE E E E7 AMYL ACETATE E NR P8 AMYL ALCOHOL E E G9 ANILINE NR P F

10 ANIMAL FATS E P G11 BATTERY ACID E G E12 BENZALDEHYDE NR G NR13 BENZENE P NR NR14 BUTYL ACETATE F NR NR15 BYTYL ALCOHOL E E G16 CARBON DISULFIDE NR NR NR17 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE F NR F18 CHLORINE GAS E NR F19 CHLOROFORM NR NR NR20 CIRIC ACID E E E21 CYCLOHEXANOL E E E22 DIACETONE ALCOHOL F NR NR23 DIBUTYL PHTHALATE E E E24 DIETHYLAMINE F NR NR25 ETHYL ACETATE NR NR NR26 ETHYL ALCOHOL E E G27 ETHYLENE GLYCOL E E E28 ETHYL GLYCOL E E E29 FORMALDEHYDE E E E30 FORMIC ACID E E E31 FREON F G F32 GASOLINE G NR P33 HEXANE E NR NR34 HYDROCHLORIC ACID 30% E E E35 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30% E E E36 HYDROQUINONE E G E37 ISO AMYL ALCOHOL E G G38 ISO BUTYL ALCOHOL E E F39 ISO PROPYL ALCOHOL E G F

40 KEROSENE E NR F41 LACTIC ACID 85% E E E42 MALEIC ACID E P G43 METHYL ALCOHOL E E NR44 METHYL ETHYL KETONE NR NR NR45 METHYL ACETATE P P NR46 MORPHOLINE NR G NR47 MURIATIC ACID E E E48 NAPTHA V.M. & P. E NR F49 NITRIC ACID 10% G G G50 NITRIC ACID 65% G G NR51 NITRO BENZENE NR F F52 NITRO METHANE F E P53 OCTANE E NR P54 OLEIC ACID E G E55 OLIVE OIL E E E56 OXALIC ACID E E E57 PAINT REMOVER G P P58 PENTANE E NR NR59 PERCHLORIC ACID E P E60 PERCHLOROETHYLENE F NR NR61 PHENOL NR G G62 PHOSPHORIC ACID E E E

63POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 45% E E E

64 PROPANOL E G G65 PROPYL CELLOSOLVE G G F66 PROPYLENE GLYCOL E E E67 PROPYLENE OXIDE NR NR NR68 PYRIDINE NR NR NR69 ROUNDUP CONCENTRATED F NR F70 SAFROTIN G G G71 SODIUM HYDROXIDE 50% E E E72 SULFURIC ACID F NR NR73 TANNIC ACID E E E74 TOLUENE NR NR NR75 TURPENTINE G P F76 VEGETABLE OIL E E E77 XYLENE NR NR NR

   APPENDIX X - AMENDMENT HISTORY 

S/No. Amendment Description Rev No. Effective Date (dd/mm/yyyy)

1. New Issue 00 19/08/2009 Approval2. Amended URLs for the following clauses:

Clause 3.5, Clause 5.1, Clause 5.2, Appendix I Paragraph 1, Appendix I Paragraph 4, Appendix I Paragraph 5, Appendix I Paragraph 6, Appendix III Paragraph 1

01 07/09/2010

 Last amended by: Teoh Kum Weng, Cleanroom Manager, SEG Approved by: Dr. Wang Jianguo, Deputy Director, SEG