Les rseaux de capteurs pour la gestion des catastrophes

Wireless sensor Networks for Disaster ManagementImane BENKHELIFAResearch Associate, CERIST, Algeria1st year PhD Student, USTHB, Algeria

Disaster

Life Cycle of a disaster managementPreparedness: Activities before the disasterExample: Preparing strategic plans, Urgent exercises, Quick Alert Systems.Response: Activities during the disasterExample: Public Alert System, Urgent operations, research and evacuation.Recovery: Activities after the disasterExample: Temporary shelter, Long-term medical treatment.Mitigation: Activities to reduce disaster effectsExample: Vulnerability Analysis, Construction of anti-earthquake Buildings, Education.

3Global political willSecretary General Ban Ki-Moon, during his speech at the Telecom World 2009 in Geneva, discussed the important role of ICT in problem solving, including the reduction of natural disasters

ICT can help reduce the risk and impact of natural disasters through good climate science and information sharing ... When an earthquake occurs, an ICT coordinated system can monitor evolutions, send emergency messages and help those affected.

4MotivationsWe have highlighted the importance of ICT in the management of disasters and emergency

Ad hoc networks (WMNs, MANETs, WSNs) can provide a good alternative to replace damaged infrastructure

We are mainly interested in the Intervention- Response phase

5Projets using WSNsCodeBlue, Harvard University, USASpeckled Consortium,Scotland, UKReal time Landslides monitoring Project,IndiaIn.Sy.Eme Project, Florence, ItalySENSEI Project, NetherlandsWINSOC Project, Switzerland SENDROM Project, TurkeyNEMBES Project, IrelandFire Hazard Monitoring Project , ChinaDDT Project, JapanRESCUE Project, USA PalCom Project, Denmark

6ZOOM on the Projet In.Sy.EME(Integrated system for Emergency)

Architecture of In.Sy.Eme Disaster Management System7

ZOOM on thE Projet In.Sy.EMEPost-disaster in IN.SY.EME8BroadBand Wireless NetworksWiMAX Routing & QoS Management Aspect in Heterogenous Wireless NetworksLocalizationSecurity Aspects

ZOOM on the projet sendrom(Sensor Networks for Disaster Relief Operations Management) 9

Stand AloneEmbedded

Cnodes: Central nodes, Data collector nodes : mobile computersEOC: Emergency Operation CenterSDS: info about buildings , individuals, inodes + can be queried from internet allowing rescue team to get prior info while on the way to the siteRescue Team & EOC query the SDS via CnodesInodes: Individual sensors, locate human beingSnodes: Sense & report sensors any living human in vicinitySnodes & inodes send data to SDS via Mobile Access point (UAV, Cars..)Inodes always generate reports X snodes generate only when they detect a living human in their vicinitySensor nodes include in the report the task ID of the queryCnodes use directional Antenna to broadcast the task9ScenariosAfter an earthquake or fire, the command center sent the rescue agents to disaster areas equipped with sensors.1 - Agents must communicate with each other in real time to better evacuate people

2 - The center contacts and guide remote agents

3 - Victims (houses, factories ...) communicate with agents in their neighborhood to evacuate them

4 - The traffic sensors (traffic cameras) communicate with vehicles to avoid road closures10

ChallengesEmergency Real Time Communication

Rescuers + vehicles + victims mobile sinks

Geographic Real Time Routing Protocol with mobile sinks 11Routing for disaster managementLong Life TimeGood Network CoverageQuick communicationsData AggregationMedium SecurityLow OverheadEnergy ConservationIndoor/Outdoor performanceScalabilityMobility Adaption

12Evaluation MetricsDelivery ratio: transmitted packetsAverage Delay: E2E transmission delayPath Length: nbr of nodes participating in the transmissionOverhead : nbr of extra-packetsConsumed Memory and energy13Classification of routing protocols14Coherence pr lagrgation de donnes pr rduire la redondance 14Studied ProtocolsGeographic Real Time Routing:SPEED, GSR, MMSPEED, GFG, GOAFR, QEMPAR,

Geographic Routing with mobile sinks:MPR, ILSR, Ellipse, Elastic, FTCP,

Geographic Routing especially designed for Emergency Situations:RTRR,

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Zoom on MMSEED protocolIntroduces multiple levels of speed to guarantee delivery of packets

Each packet associated with a speed level is placed in a queue according to its priority

Speed determines the priority

A determines the packet speed according to DAC et E2E deadline

Intermediate node may change the packet speed if necessary

Reliability is guaranteed : control of active paths and multiple copies16Zoom on ELASTIC protocol 17A-A node uses greedy forwarding-The mobile sink broadcasts its new position every 1 m Each node listens to the transmission of his successor and detects the change of the sink position and changes it for its next transmission The process repeats until the source nodeBZoom on RTRR protocol(Real-time robust routing)Dedicated for Building Fires18In fireSafeLow safeUnsafeEnergie < threshold-Cannot work -Energie < threshold

Dectets fireRecv a STATE(infire ) msgFire stopsDetects fireEnergie < thresholdExceed a predetermines timeZoom on RTRR protocol(Real-time robust routing)RTRR maintains delay estimations of each packet to the closer sink

RTRR uses an adaptive energy transmission to avoid holes 19

Conclusion and recommandationsMany National Projects use WSNs in disaster Management

Encourage the Algerian Project: WSN for Disaster Management

International Collaboration and Coordination

Big Challenges: Suitable ArchitectureRouting and LocalizationReal Time and mobility20Obligatory Page21QUESTIONS ?