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Wireless In Education
Mark CiampaWestern Kentucky University
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Wireless Is Changing
Travel Boeing Installing wireless networks on
airplanes for passenger use during flights
70+ US Airports Provide wireless Internetaccess in lounge & waiting areas
Marriott, Four Seasons, Wyndham Hotels,
Motel 6 Provide lobby, check in, meetingroom, public area access
Trains Montreal to Toronto route
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Wireless Is Changing
Work Business conference rooms - Access to data
during meetings gives 100+ minutes daily
Radio Frequency ID Transponders used asbarcode alternatives
Video Pill Wireless camera in capsule for
endoscopy used at268 US hospitals
e-Suds Students check for empty washer,add softener, receive e-mail when finished
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Wireless Is Changing
Recreation Starbucks, Borders, McDonalds, Schlotzkys
Wireless networks for customers
3Com Stadium Access statistics, viewinstant replays, order concessions
Golf US Open Walking scorers submitted
immediate results KOA Provides wireless access
Linksys Stream pictures & MP3 to TV/stereo
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Public Hotspots2002 2003
Retail 11,109 50,287
Hotels2,27
411,687Other 1,369 9,105
TOTAL 14,752 71,079
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2007 155M units sold annually (2002-22.5M,
2003-41.3M) with revenue $700M
98% all notebooks wireless (2003-42%)
31M frequent and 35M infrequenthotspot users with revenue $9B
25,000 hotels wireless access
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Wireless Is Changing All
Sectors Finance Receive stock quotes realtime
Health Care Hospitals comply2006FDA regulation drug dispersal
Manufacturing Forklifts send & receivedata (saved 1 plant $1M annually)
Retail Radio Frequency ID
Transportation Communicate drivers
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Wireless Is Changing All
Sectors Logistics FedEx handles 3.5M
packages daily, wireless handhelds save
10 seconds each stop Government Police send and receive
data to patrol cars
Military Send repair information Construction Supervisors see number
workers on project, instant costing
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Wireless Is Changing
Campuses Massachusetts Task Force Wireless
technology on all campuses
Wake Forest Wireless adapterincluded in tuition
Michigan Wireless on all high schoolcampuses
University of Tennessee Wirelesscampus (1,500 access points)
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Wireless Is Changing
Education Changing when and where
students access data Changing how students learn
Changing how teach students in
wireless setting Changing what teach students
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Wireless In EducationDefine wireless
Explain how it worksTypes of wireless
networksHow impacts education
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Outcome Statements List2 wireless technologies
Explain what an access pointdoes
List3 basic wireless securitytools
Tell how wireless impacts
higher education
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What Wireless Is andHow It Works
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WirelessGenerically used of any
device without wiresMore precisely 2-way data
transmission without wires
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Wireless Devices
Pocket PC Running Windows CE Handheld PC Running Windows CE Notebook Running Windows XP
High agility/mobility factorHigh agility/mobility factor
Lowest student per deviceLowest student per devicecost ratiocost ratio
Stronger ApplicationStronger Application
Development opportunityDevelopment opportunity
than Palm OSthan Palm OS
Simple document creationSimple document creation
High agility/mobility factorHigh agility/mobility factor
Lower student per device costLower student per device costratioratio
Improved form factor forImproved form factor for
student usestudent use
Maximized integrationMaximized integration
requires MS infrastructurerequires MS infrastructure
Complete 1:1 computingComplete 1:1 computing
solutionsolution
Anytime/Anywhere LearningAnytime/Anywhere Learning
Full document creation toolFull document creation tool
Opportunity for greatestOpportunity for greatest
impact on learningimpact on learning
Highest 1:1 cost ratioHighest 1:1 cost ratio
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Wireless TechnologiesInfrared (IR)
Radio frequency (RF)
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Infrared (IR)Uses infrared light (similar
characteristics visible light)Objects can obstructtransmission
Limited distance
Line of sight transmission
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Line of Sight
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Radio Frequency (RF) Uses radio waves (similar to
commercial radio) Unlicensed spectrum
Radio waves travel long
distances with less obstruction Provides true mobility
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Radio Waves
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Types of WirelessNetworks
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Scope
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WirelessPersonal Area Networks
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Wireless
Personal Area Networks1-to-1 or small group
transmissionsLimited distance
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IrDA Wireless data connection usinginfrared light
Found on notebook computers,printers, digital cameras, PDAs
Functions like serial port
Range 3 feet
Bandwidth 115 Kbps - 16 Mbps
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IrDA Limitations Limited range
Must align devices Objects can obstruct
transmission
Moderate speed Only between 2 devices
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Bluetooth Uses RF instead of IR
Radio transceivers built intomicroprocessor
Automatically creates piconet whendevices come in range each other
Range 30 feet
Bandwidth 1 Mbps
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Radio Frequency ID (RFID) Unpowered microchips transmit
data using RFActive, semi-passive, or passive
Read-only or read-write
Wal-Mart, McCarran Airport, USDept Defense, Michelin
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RFID Size
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WirelessWide Area Networks
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Wide Area Network Fixed baseband wireless last
mile connection alternative toDSL, cable modem or ISDN
Fixed broadband wireless long
distance connection alternativeto T1 or fiber optic connection
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Wide Area Network
ExamplesDigital Cellular Telephony
Free Space Optics Local/Multichannel Multipoint
Distribution ServiceWiMax (802.16)
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WirelessLocal Area Networks
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Wireless LANs Same function of standard LAN
but without wires Based on IEEE standards
Also called Wi-Fi
Range 150-375 feet Bandwidth 11-108 Mbps
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Components of WLANWireless NIC
Access Point (AP)
Integrated software
support in Windows XP &Windows Mobile 2003
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WLAN ModesPeer-to-peer/Ad hoc
Infrastructure
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Peer-to-PeerCreates private network
No connection to othernetworks
Only requires wireless NIC
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InfrastructureCreates public network
Connects to othernetworks
Requires wireless NIC andAP
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Infrastructure
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Wireless LAN CellsCreate cells of coverage
similar to cellulartelephones
Cells overlap to provideautomatic roaming
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Wireless LAN Cells
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IEEE WLAN Standards802.11 (1997) 2 Mbps
802.11b (1999) 11 Mbps
802.11a (2001) 54 Mbps
802.11g (2003) 24 Mbps
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802.11b 11 Mbps
DSSS 3 non-overlapping channels
2.4 GHzRange 375 feet
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802.11a 54 Mbps (108 Mbps proprietary)
OFDM 8 non-overlapping channels
5GHz
Range 150 feet
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802.11g 22 Mbps (54 Mbps proprietary)
OFDM 3 non-overlapping channels
2.4GHz
Range 200 feet
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Comparison 802.11b Wider area but
slower speed 802.11a Faster speed butsmaller area
802.11g Good balance ofarea and speed
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Recent Developments Dual band AP and wireless NICs
Wireless access port dumb APconnected to wireless switch
Wireless bridge makes any devicewith standard NIC wireless (Xbox)
Device hop through other WLANdevices to reach AP
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Recent Developments Intel Centrino - Pentium-M
mobile processor with802.11b miniPCI wirelessNIC
VoIP on WLAN
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Home Wireless Connect all home computer equipment
without cables
Share broadband Internet connection
Combination AP, router, networkaddress translation and firewall
Microsoft selling hardware
2003 Cisco purchased Linksys $500M
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WLAN Security
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Unique ChallengesUnauthorized users intercept
signal and use networkHackers view transmitted
dataEmployees install rogueaccess points
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Security LevelsBasic Security
Intermediate Security
Advanced Security
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Basic SecurityActive scanning SSID
MAC address filtering
WEP encryption &authentication
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AssociationAssociation Establishes link between
wireless devices and AP
Based on Service Set Identifier (SSID) network name all devices use
SSID serves as network password
SSID can be sent by AP or manuallyinstalled on each wireless device
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Active Scanning SSID manually installed on each
wireless device in advance Device sends SSID to AP
Heres the SSID, let me in!
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Passive ScanningAP freely sends SSID to all
devices Device listens for SSID
Will you give me the SSID to
join this wireless network?
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Active Scanning SSIDAP should be set for active
scanningDefault on most systems ispassive scanning
BUT: May limit roaming
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MAC Address Filter MAC address of each authorized
device is manually entered into AP
Also called Access Control List
Only devices on AP list are
permitted association BUT: MAC address can be spoofed
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WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Data encrypted with up to 4 shared
keys Provides both encryption and
authentication
BUT: Flaws in WEP and can bebroken by sniffing packets
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Intermediate SecurityDeploy outside firewall
Use virtual private network(VPN) solution
Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA) software &firmware upgrade
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WPA EncryptionTemporal Key Integrity
Protocol (TKIP) 2 keys
Per-packet basis
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WPA Access Control Uses 802.1x
Port-based authentication Traffic blocked until client
authenticated by back-end
server Optional Pre-Sharked Key (PSK)
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Advanced Security 802.11i New IEEE security
standardUses advanced AES blockcipher encryption
Due released early 2004
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Wireless TechnologyIn Education
Wi l T h l i
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Wireless Technology in
EducationKindergarten 12
Higher education
Libraries
Curriculum
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K-12
Uses Computers-on-wheels (COWs)
Extend network with minimal costs Use with outdoor projects
Administrators in hallways
determine where student should be Bus drivers record who boarded
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K-12
Pedagogy Used to deliver curriculum in classroom
Better supports constructing knowledge
from experience, interpretation, structuredinteractions with peers and teachers
Teachers direct students in project-orientedactivities vs. lecturing (Individualized active
learning)
Helps students apply critical thinking skills
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K-12
Pedagogy K-12 learning proceeds most
rapidly when learners havefrequent opportunitiesto applyideasthey are learning andwhen feedback onsuccess orfailure of anidea comes almostimmediately
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Higher Education Uses Provide access outside computer lab:
classroom, dining hall, quad, dorms
Create coverage where wiringprohibited because building design,asbestos, portable classrooms
Mobile VoIP telephones in classrooms
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Higher Education Uses Create wireless networked labs in
regular classrooms
Make temporary networked classroom Faculty can bring in own notebook
computer and instantly be connected
Reduces number of open accesscomputer labs
Planet3 & CompTIA WLAN certifications
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Higher Education Uses Make latest research data
immediately available duringexperiments for comparison
Increase student computer use
across disciplines
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Higher Education Pedagogy Used to extend class time
Allows studying to take placeoutside traditional learning areas
Students communicate andresearch topics outside class while
devoting class time to discussionand analysis
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Wireless In EducationWhen each student got their
own pencil, teaching changed.When each student got theirown book, teaching changed.When each studenthas awireless notebook, teaching willchange again!
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Library Uses Provide access in the stacks:
perform catalog search withoutreturning to catalog computer
Determine status of a book
Used with RFID for inventory
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Curriculum Ubiquity of wireless requires part of
curriculum
Student interest based on 25%homes with computers havemultiple computers and networks
Need instruction on wirelessdeployment and security
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Curriculum Several schools now adding
Wireless Networking course ortrack
Some schools adding wireless
coverage to traditionalnetworking course
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Outcome Statements List2 wireless technologies
Explain what an access pointdoes
List3 basic wireless security
tools
Tell how wireless impacts
higher education
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Wireless In Education
Mark CiampaWestern Kentucky University