Wireless Energy Transmission report

7/29/2019 Wireless Energy Transmission report

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WIRELESS ENERGY TRASMISSION

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MUCHHALA POLYTECHNIC

FINAL YEAR PROJECT

(ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION)

TOPIC- WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION

GROUP MEMBERS-

VISHNU .P. YADAV - 3342

VISHAL .B. YADAV -3341

PRADEEP .A. PATEL - 3322


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WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION

Objective:

The Objective of this project is to transmit the power wirelessly.

Scope:

This project is used to transmit the power using wireless and to turn ON LEDs or to

charge the battery after receiving power wirelessly.

Brief Methodology:

This project contains

Transformer Rectifier MOSFET Driver MOSFET Switching Circuit Transmitter Coil Receiver Coil LED or Battery

In Transmitter Side:

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another

through inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or

primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and thus a varying

magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying


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electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual

induction.

The voltage we getting is AC in form and it is given to rectifier circuit to convert AC

voltage to DC voltage and it is given to the MOSFET Switching Circuit ( It is a device used for

amplifying or switching electronic signals). Initially clock pulse is given by Crystal oscillator

and given to the MOSFET driver circuit and it is driven. The DC voltage is transmitted

wirelessly through Transmitter Coil.

In Receiver Side:

In the Receiver Side, the DC voltage is received through Receiver Coil and it is used to

turn On LEDs or to charge thebattery.


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Introduction

One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and

distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation

increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during

transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission anddistribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and

distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be

improved to certain level by using high strength composite over head conductors and

underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still

inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), Indias electricity grid has the

highest transmission and distribution losses in the world a whopping 27%. Numbers published

by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This

is attributed to technical losses (grids inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by

stateof-the-art technology. The above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative

option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission

cost and avoid power theft. WPT is more environmental friendly than the conventional AC

adaptors.


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Block Diagram

Fig.05 Block diagram of wireless energy transmission

The block diagram of wireless power transmission is consist two part a transmitter and a

receiver. At the transmitter side consists the block of transformer, rectifier, to switching the

MOSFET circuit requires the mosfet driver, frequency generator and transmitter coil. At the

receiver side consist the block of receiver coil and battery.


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Transformer

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through

inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary

winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and thus a varying magnetic

field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying

electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual

induction.The output of transformer blockwhich is the voltage we getting is AC in form applied

to the rectifier block.

Rectifier

The rectifier circuit to convert AC voltage which getting by transformer to DC voltage. A bridge

rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification. This

is a widely used configuration, both with individual diodes wired as shown and with single

component bridges where the diode bridge is wired internally.

Frequency Generator

A Pulse generator usually allows control of the pulse repetition rate, pulse width, pulse delay and

pulse amplitude. More sophisticated pulse generators may allow control over the rise time and

fall time of the pulses. A pulse generators delay is measured with respect to an internal or

external trigger. The pulse generators rate may be determined by a frequency or period adjust .

Pulse generators may use digital techniques, analog techniques, or a combination of both

techniques to form the output pulses. For example, the pulse repetition rate and duration may be

digitally controlled but the pulse amplitude and rise and fall times may be determined by analog

circuitry in the output stage of the pulse generator. With correct adjustment, a pulse generator

can also produce a 50% duty cycle square wave. Pulse generators are generally single-channel

providing one frequency, delay, width and output. To produce multiple pulses, these simple

pulse generators would have to be ganged in series or in parallel.


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Mosfet

Power MOSFETs have become the standard choice for the main switching devices in abroad

range of power conversion applications. They are majority carrier devices with no minority

carrier injection, superior to Power Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Insulated Gate

Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) in high frequency applications where switching power losses are

dominant. They can be paralleled because the forward voltage drops with increasing temperature,

ensuring an even distribution of current among all components. The major categories of Power

MOSFETs are

1. N-Channel Enhancement-Mode Power MOSFET

2. P-Channel Enhancement-Mode Power MOSFET

3. N-Channel Depletion-Mode Power MOSFET

N-channel enhancement-mode is the most popular for use in power switching circuits because of

low on-state resistance compared to P-channel devices. An N-channel depletion-mode Power

MOSFET differs from the enhancement-mode in that it is normally ON at 0V gate bias and

requires a negative gate bias to block current.

Transmitter Coil

The transmitter coil passes electrical signal from the mosfet circuit to receiver coil.

Receiving Coil

The receiving coil receives the electrical energy from transmitter coil and convey to the receiver

circuit.


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Circuit diagram description

Transmitter circuit1. Power supply

Block diagram

The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps

that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc output. A diode rectifier then provides

a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce

a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation.

A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same dc value even if the

input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes. This

voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.

Fig.07 Block diagram (Power supply)

IC voltage regulators

Fig.08 +12 V power supply

78XX IC- positive voltage regulator

79XX IC-Negative voltage regulator

As we have used here 7812 is will give +12V regulated output.

Then this 12V supply is given to frequency generator IC 4046 to run

LoadIC RegulatingfilterRectifierTransformer


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2. Frequency generator

Fig.09 Frequency generator 4046

3. MOSFET CIRCUIT


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List of component

No. Component Value No. of component

1. Resistors

Film Resistors 3.3 K; W 2

1 K; W 7

1.5 K; W 1

100 ; W 1

Cement Resistor 5 ; 5 W 1

Preset 1 K 1

10 K 1

2. Capacitors

Ceramic 0.01 F 3

Electolytic 100 F; 63 V 1

10 F; 63 V 1

1000 F; 63 V 1

0.02 F; 63 V 2

3. Diodes

Bridge diode 4 A 1

PN Diode IN4001 5

IN4007 5

LED Green 4

4. ICs

Regulated IC IC-LM317 1

IC-7812 1

Phase lock loop IC IC-4046B 1

MOSFET IC IRF250 4

5. Transformer 24 V; 5 A 1

6. Heat sink Parralel Plate Fin-Heat Sink 4


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Applications:

The power could be transmitted to the places where the wired transmission is notpossible like forest,hills,etc.

Advantages:

Cost Reduction Required No wire Easy to transmit The power failure due to short circuit and fault on cables would never exist in the

transmission.

Power theft would be not possible at all.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

linear integrated circuit & its application- gawked

microprocessor architecture ,programming & Applicationsgaonkar

cmos integrated circuits data booksierra

Semiconductors optoelectronics handbooknational

- Semiconductors microprocessor data handbook micro-controller - keneth ayala

Documents

Wireless Energy Transmission report