Wireles Sensor Network

7/29/2019 Wireles Sensor Network

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Wireless Sensor Network

Vibhor Saraswat

Final YrECE

Guide- Miss Rashmi Sharma

Poornima Colle e of En ineerin www. ower oint resentationon.blo s ot.c
http://www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com/http://www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com/http://www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com/


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CONTENTS

INTODUCTION OF WIRELESS

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

SENSOR NODE

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

NETWORK APPLICATION

CONCLUSION


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Why Talk About Wireless?

Wireless communication is not a new technology but

cell phones have brought revolution in wireless

communication

Wireless Technology has changed the wayoOrganizations & individuals work & live today

In less than 10 years

oWorld has moved from fixed to wireless networks

oAllowing people, mobile devices & computers talk toeach other, connect without a cable

oOnly available option for field data acquisition

Interconnectivity with multiple devices

oUsing radio-waves, sometimes light


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Ubiquitous Computing

Future State of Computing Technology?

oMobile, many computers

oSmall Processors

oLow Power Consumption

oRelatively Low Cost


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Growth in Wireless Systems

Rapid growth in cellular voice services

oCell phones everywhere!

Several wireless technology options havebeen available for the last ~10-20 yrs

oMini cell stations using existing standards like

CDMA or GSMoWireless PABX using PCS standards such as

DECT.

oSatellite and microwave backhaul


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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Deplo

y

Sensor

s


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What is a WSN?

A network that is formed when a set of small sensor

devices that are deployed in an ad hoc fashion no

predefined routes, cooperate for sensing a physicalphenomenon.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of base

stations and a number of wireless sensors.

It sim le tin inex ensive and batter - owered

Sensor: The

device

Observer: The end

user/computer

Phenomenon: The entity of interest to the

observer


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Why Wireless Sensors Now?

Moores Law is making sufficient CPU performance

available with low power requirements in a small size.

Research in Materials Science has resulted in novel

sensing materials for many Chemical, Biological, and

Physical sensing tasks.

Transceivers for wireless devices are becoming

smaller, less expensive, and less power hungry (low

power tiny Radio Chips).

Power source improvements in batteries, as well as

passive power sources such as solar or vibration


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Typical Sensor Node Features

A sensor node has:

oSensing Material

Physical Magnetic, Light, Sound

Chemical CO, Chemical Weapons

Biological Bacteria, Viruses, Proteins

oIntegrated Circuitry (VLSI)

A-to-D converter from sensor to circuitryoPackaging for environmental safety

oPower Supply

Passive

Solar, Vibration


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Sensor Network

Gateway

Server

Internet

Communicationsbarrier

Sensor field


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Sensor Network

Gateway

Server

Internet

Sensor fieldWatershed


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Portable and self-sustained (power, communication,

intelligence).

Capable of embedded complex data processing.

Sensor Node Hardware

Sensor + Actuator + ADC + Microprocessor + Powering

Unit

+ Communication Unit (RF Transceiver) + GPS


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Sensors and Wireless Radio

Types of sensors:

-Pressure,

-Temperature

-Light

-Biological-Chemical

-Strain, fatigue

Capable to survive harsh

environments (heat, humidity,corrosion, pollution etc).

No source of interference to

systems being monitored

and/or surrounding systems.


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Advances in Wireless Sensor

Nodes

Consider Multiple Generations ofBerkeley Motes

Model Rene 2 Rene 2 Mica Mica 2

CPU 4 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 4 MHz

Flash

Memory

8 KB 16 KB 128 KB 128 KB

SRAM 32 KB 32 KB 512 KB 512 KB

Radio 10 Kbps 10 Kbps 40 Kbps 40 Kbps


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Network characteristics of WSN

Generally, the network:

oConsists of a large number of sensors

(103 to 106 Hz)

oSpread over large geographical region

(radius = 1to 103 km)

oSpaced out in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions

oIs self-organizing

oUses wireless media


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Sensor Network Topology

Hundreds of nodes require careful handling of topology

maintenance.

Predeployment and deployment phase

oNumerous ways to deploy the sensors (mass, individual

placement, dropping from plane..)

Postdeployment phase

oFactors are sensor nodes position change, reachabilitydue to jamming, noise, obstacles etc, available energy,

malfunctioning, theft, sabotage

Redeployment of additional nodes phase

oRedeployment because of malfunctioning of units


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Network Topologies

Star

oSingle Hop Network

oAll nodes

communicate

directly with

Gateway

oNo router nodes

oCannot self-heal

oRange 30-100m

oConsumes lowest


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Network Topologies

Mesh

oMulti-hopping network

oAll nodes are routers

oSelf-configuring network

oNode fails, network self-heals

oRe-routes data through

shortest path

oHighly fault tolerant networkoMulti-hopping provides much

longer range

oHigher power

consumptionnodes must

always listen!


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Network Topologies

Star-Mesh Hybrid

oCombines of stars low

power and

omeshs self-healing and

longer range

oAll endpoint sensor nodes

can communicate with

multiple routers

oImproves fault tolerance

oIncreases network

communication range

oHigh degree of flexibility

and mobility


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WSN APPLICATIONS

Potential for new intelligent applications:

oSmart Homes

oProcess monitoring and control

oSecurity/SurveillanceoEnvironmental Monitoring

oConstruction

oMedical/Healthcare

Implemented with Wireless Sensor Networks!


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Medical and Healthcare Appln

Backbone

Network

Possibility for Remote consulting

(including Audio Visual

communication)

Net

Switch

Wireless Remote

consultation

Net

Switch

Remote

Databases

In

Hospital

Physician

Application in Environment


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Application in Environment

Monitoring

Measuring pollutant

concentration

Pass on informationto monitoring station

Predict current

location of pollutantvolume based on

various parameters

Take corrective

Pollutants monitored by sensors

in the river

Sensors report to the base

monitoring station

ST


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Putting Sensor in

vehicleVehicle equipped with sensor and sort range

wireless communication capability can form

ad-hoc vehicular wireless mesh network (VMESH)

Two application scenarios:

Vehicular traffic monitoring and control.

Inter connecting Patches of sensor network.


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Power Consumption

Limited Power Source

Battery Lifetime is limited

Each sensor node plays a dual role of data

originator and data router (data processor)

The malfunctioning of a few nodes

consumes lot of energy (rerouting of


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Environmental Factors

Wireless sensors need to operate in

conditions that are not encountered by

typical computing devices:oRain, sleet, snow, hail, etc.

oWide temperature variations

May require separating sensor from

electronics

oHigh humidity

oSaline or other corrosive substances


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CONCLUSION

Security in WSN is quite different from

traditional (Wired) network security.

We have proposed three network

topologies for WSN.

Our schemes substantially improves

the erformance and network


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References

Wireless & Mobile Systems Prof Dharma Prakash

Agrawal and H. Deng

Integrating Wireless Technology in the Enterprise by

Williams Wheeler, Elsevier Digital Press

www.google.com

www.wikkipedia.com
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Wireles Sensor Network