Wired or Not Contents - it.is.tohoku.ac.jpkato/workshop2009/03.pdf · Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks Consist of a (potentially) large

Mobile and Wireless Technologies for Healthcare

Mohsen GuizaniWestern Michigan University

[email protected]

Wired or Not

Depends on where, why, what and how we will measure.* Emergency * Anesthesia * Intensive care (IC) * Ward * Doctor’s office * Patients’ home

* On street! * Everywhere!!

Contents

� Wireless Telemedicine, its components, and Body Area Networks (BANs)

� E-health-care Systems Framework� Middleware Approach to Ubiquitous

Health-care Systems� Emerging Health-care Technologies &

Applications (3 systems).

What is telemedicine?

� Medicine at a distance� Medicine as we know it from practice,

education, etc., using information-communication technology in all forms

Body Area Network (BAN)

� Broad range of possible devices� Broad range of media types� Connect everything you carry

on you and with you� Offer “Connected User” experience� Matches low power environment� Challenge: scalability, data rate, power

Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks

� Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks� Consist of a (potentially) large number of devices with

sensor or actuator functionality.� Broad range of applications and services� Broad range of bandwidth requirements and network

topologies� May interact with other networks in close proximity

(‘instant partner communication’)� Devices may be ‘always-on’ or ‘low duty cycle’� Devices may be ‘context aware’

Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks

� WG5 scope: short-range radio communication systems� The Immediate Environment: elements and devices

surrounding us, the ‘nearest’ objects, including those that might be part of our body

� Personal and Area Networks� Local Area Networks� Sensor and Body-Area Networks

2009 Sendai International Workshop 1 / 7

Body Area Networks –Target Position

Average power consumption, sustained data rate

1000 mW500 mW100 mW50 mW10 mW

1 Gbit/s

100 kbit/s

1 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

1 kbit/s

10 kbit/s

Wireless USB

IEEE 802.11 a/b/g

Bluetooth

ZigBee

200 mW20 mW

Body Area Network

5 mW2 mW

Components of Telemedicine

Non-invasive WBANs

� Monitoring and sensing signals from the human body for medical applications

� Distributed communications over the human body

Invasive WBANs� Invasive or “In-Body” Area Networks wirelessly connect

implanted medical devices operating in the MICS bands (402-405 MHz) and on-body sensors operating in ISM bands or using UWB with monitoring equipment to provide patient health data in real-time.

� Miniature “Pill camera” takes hundred of thousands of imagesduring typical eight-hours test.

� Images and medical data are transmitted to a “reader” machine:� Workstation allows to view, edit, archive and e-mail the live

video, images and data.� Physician can observe and detect exact location of suspected

“in-body” disorder� Patient data can be sent through the network to establish a

diagnosis and trigger the required actions via actuators.

An invasive WBAN Body Area Networks

� Usage Scenarios� Body senor network� Fitness monitoring� Wearable audio� Mobile device centric� Video stream� Remote control & I/O

devices

Body Sensor Network� Medical application

� Vital patient data� Wireless sensors� Link with bedside monitor� Up to 10 – 20 sensors

� Five similar networks in range� Minimum setup interaction� Potentially wide application� Total traffic/patient < 10 kbps

Fitness Monitoring� Central device is MP3 player� Wireless headset included� Expand functionality

� Speed, distance� Heart rate, respiration monitor� Temperature sensor� Pacing information� Location information� Wristwatch display unit, etc.

� Total system load < 500 kbps� Synchronization may go faster


Wearable Audio� Central device is headset� Stereo audio, microphone� Connected devices

� Cellular phone� MP3 player, PDA� CD audio player� AP at home� Handsfree car� Remote control, Others

� Requires priority mechanism� Network load < 500 kbps

Mobile Device Centric� Mobile terminal is central point� Covers broad set of data

� Sensors – vital, other� Headset� Peripheral devices� Handsfree / car

� Provide gateway to outside� Offload sensor data, other

� Requires priority mechanism� Network load < 500 kbps

Personal Video� Central device is video camera

� Camera sensor, recording, display� Stream video content SDTV, HDTV� Connect other devices

� Personal storage device� Playback device w/ large display� Remote beam finder� Location information (meta data)� Mobile communications device (MMS)� Home media server (sync)

� Total traffic load: 10 – 60 Mbps

Real-Time Telemedicine

� Requirements� Good audio+video-conferencing capabilities� Real-time medical data transmission + feedback

� The Remote Ultrasound Challenge� Challenge #1: Data size

� Data compression/transmission� Challenge #2: Real-time feedback on image quality� Challenge #3: Remote 3D reconstruction

� Need to ensure 2D images are good quality

Use of Radio Frequency IDs (RFIDs)

�Assistance for the disabled�Hospital management�Implants�Smart Implants�Medical Monitoring

Penetration of Sensors into Wireless Telemedicine

E-health-care Systems Framework

Telemedicine can use a number of technologies!

� RFID (Active and passive) Short range, reader/tags for identification and tracking

� The most common frequencies are 124 kHz, 1356 MHz, 860-960 MHz and 245 GHz

� Zigbee (Sensor networks) � Up to 100 m range, up to 250 kB/s, 2.4 GHz

� Bluetooth� Up to 100 m range, up to 760 kB/s, 2.4 GHz

� WLAN/Wi-Fi� Up to 100 m range, up to 54 MB/s, 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz

� UWB (Ultra-wideband)� Up to 10 m range, up to 1 GB/s, 3.1 – 10.5 GHz

� Bluetooth 3.0 will use UWB radio� WMTS: Wireless Medical Telemetry Services

� Up to kilometers, 608 to 614 MHz, 1395 to 1400 MHz, 1429 to 1432MHz


Available TechnologiesWith many ways of communicating …

… and many user interfaces.WIREH: A Wireless Solution Framework in Healthcare

Requirements of E-healthcare Framework

Global wireless healthcare roadmap

Modus-OperandieHealth-Care

Server

NGOs,Government,Other Health

Initiatives,Donors,

Corporates

WEB

PHC Hospital

Generic Architecture

Wired Access

Wireless Access

HTB

Oracle10g

ApplicationServer 10gWith wireless component

Data Display Data Retrieval Data Storage


Business Process Overview

Nutritionist

Diet TypeFor

Patient

defines

SetsOf menus

Patient

Selects one set from

Delivery Man

delivers

Social Services

Feeds BackInformationsAbout patient

1 2 3

4

Application Programming Interface

HTBSingle Source of

Truth

Remote Monitoring

New Applications

Existing Applications

Supporting New Healthcare Applications and Processes

Integrating Information

HTB

PersonServices

MessageServices

Single RecordPatient: 123456

HL7 Version 3.0

Delaminated File

HL7 version 2.X

XML

Bespoke Standard

Flat File

InterfaceEngine

HL7 Version 3

Protecting Patient Privacy

HTBSingle Source of

Truth

SecurityService

AuditingService

Oracle Fusion Middleware

A glance at the Benefits of using Oracle Fusion Middleware for E-healthcare

Develop

Orchestrate

Deploy

Secure

Access

Integrate

Manage

Analyze

Optimize

Emerging Health-care Technologies & Applications

AGAPEAGAPE� Context awareness for anytime and anywhere

assistance manage ad hoc assistance groups

A B

Context awareness is crucial in group management supports

Context awareness can also help reduce bystander apathy

UbiquitousEmergency assistance Ad hoc Network


Motivation & ProblemMotivation & Problem

� Anytime and anywhere outdoor assistance requires1. formation of first response groups wherever

emergency events occur� Not only medical personnel, but also friends,

neighbors, and passer-by can contribute2. the interactions among first responders needed to

make rapid decisions in unexpected situations � to coordinate assistance tasks depending on user

skills, location, and device characteristics

Experimental SetupExperimental Setup

� Deployment setting� Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET) scenario

- IEEE 802.11b(wireless cards) - static IP- AODV(Ad hoc On Demanding Distance Vector) routing protocol

� Xybernauts MA-V wearable device -Elderly users and physicians

Pc Expo inJapan 2001.6.29http://www.watch.impress.co.jp

Experimental SetupExperimental Setup

� Deployment setting� ECG Pocket View Holter

- monitors arrhythmia disorders through skin-contact electrodes

Institute Renatahttp://www.instituutrenata.com/

ANGELAHANGELAH (AssistiNG ELders At Home)

� Home networks� Set-top box is nowadays a web server at home� Connect all devices to set-top box include the door lock

system� Your PDA has your profile except password� When your PDA is connected to the home server devices

know your profile and customize services

Bluetooth,WIFI

Homeserver

Any server

Hand held device

ANGELAHANGELAH

� Reliability concerned with network bandwidth and connectivity should be considered significantly in emergency assistant system.

� Context aware middleware is essential application not only in healthcare, but also in all other ubiquitous environments like homenetworks. � The ANGELAH framework is envisioned to support elders at home.

Objectives of ANGELAH� ANGELAH presents a middleware-level solution

integrating both ”elder monitoring and emergency detection” solutions and networking solutions.

� ANGELAH has two main features: � Enables efficient integration between a variety of sensor

entities (SEs) and actuators deployed at home for emergency detection

� Provides a solid framework for creating and managing rescue teams composed of individuals willing to promptly assist elders in case of emergency situations.

� A prototype of ANGE-� A prototype of ANGELAH has already been designed and

implemented for helping indoor elders with vision impairments.

ANGELAH Framework

SurveillanceCenter (SC)

Room 3Room 3

Room 1Room 1

Elder

Home Manager (HM)

Locality Manager (LM)

Home Network

Room 2Room 2

Locality 1

LocalResponders

SE1.1

SE1.2

SE1.3

AE1

SE3.1

SE3.2

SE3.3

AE3

SE2.3

SE2.2

SE2.1

SE1

LR1

LR2

LR3

LR4

AE2

Brief Functionality of ANGELAH

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RespondersSelection

CollaborationManagement Support

Choice ofinteraction mode

ExemptedVolunteer

EmergencyNotification

EmergencyInformation

VolunteerAvailability




Various Players in ANGELAH

UsesMADMAlgorithm

An Example of Computer Vision based Emergency Detection (integrated with ANGELAH)

PEACH (PervasiveEnvironment for AffeCtive Healthcare)

� PEACH integrates affective/emotional computing with ubiquitous networking to provide a unique middleware-level healthcare solution.

� Integrates sensors in the human’s Body Area Network (BAN) to monitor individuals’ emotionalstates and detect emergency situations.

� Formulates emergency ad hoc rescue teams to assist the victims.

� Envisaged for drug abuses/overuses scenarios.

PEACH Framework

Telemedicine�Cost Reduction & Reaching more people

And . . . Conclusion� Wireless Telemedicine, its components, and

Body Area Networks (BANs)� E-health-care Systems Framework� Middleware Approach to Ubiquitous Health-

care Systems� Emerging Health-care Technologies &

Applications (3 systems)� Future of Telemedicine� Challenges in Telemedicine


Documents

Wired or Not Contents - it.is.tohoku.ac.jpkato/workshop2009/03.pdf · Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks Wireless Sensor and Body-Area Networks Consist of a (potentially) large