Wire Rope General Information

8/11/2019 Wire Rope General Information

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Wire Rope General Information

A wire rope is a piece of flexible,multiwired,

stranded machinery made of manyprecision parts.

IWRC (independentWire Rope Core)provides good crushresistance andincreased strength. Fiber Core providesexcellent flexibility

Usually a wire rope consists of a core e ber! around whicha nu ber of ultiwired strands are "laid" or helically bent.#here are two general types of cores for wire rope fibercores and wire cores. #he fiber core ay be ade fronatural or synthetic fibers. #he wire core can be an

Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)! or a $trand Core ($C).

#he purpose of the core is to provide support and aintain the position of the outer strandsduring operation.

%ny nu ber of ultiwired strands ay be laid around the core. #he ost popular arrange entis six strands around the core! as this co bination gives the best balance.

#he nu ber of wires per strand ay vary fro & to ' ! with the a ority of wire ropes fallinginto the *+wire! '+wire! or &*+wire strand categories.

Understand what the "lays" of wire rope ean

",ay" of a wire rope is si ply a description of the way wires and strands are placed duringconstruction. Right lay and left lay refers to the direction of strands. Right lay eans that thestrands pass fro left to r ight across the rope. ,eft lay eans ust the opposite- strands passfro right to left.

Regular lay and lang lay describes the way wires are placed within each strand. Regular layeans that wire in the strands are laid opposite in direction to the lay of the strands. ,ang layeans that wires are laid in the sa e direction as the lay of the strands.

ost of the wire rope used is right lay! regular lay. #his specification has the widest range ofapplications and eets the re/uire ents of ost e/uip ent. In fact! other lay specificationsare considered exceptions and ust be re/uested when ordering.

,ang lay is reco ended for uch excavating! construction! and ining applications!including draglines! hoist lines! dredgelines and other si ilar lines. 0ere1s why. ,ang lay ropesare ore flexible than regular lay ropes. #hey also have greater wearing surface per wire thanregular lay ropes.

Where properly reco ended! installed and used! lang lay ropes can be used to greateradvantage than regular lay ropes. 0owever! lang lay ropes are ore susceptible to the abusesof bending over s all dia eter sheaves! pinching in undersi2e sheave grooves! crushingwhen winding on dru s! and failing due to excessive rotation. ,eft lay rope has greatest usagein oil fields on rod and tubing lines! blast hole rigs! and spudders where rotation of right layrope would loosen couplings. #he rotation of a left lay rope tightens a standard coupling.


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DefinitionCharacteristics

ost co onlay in which thewires wind inone directionand the strandsthe oppositedirection. (right

lay shown)

,ess li3ely to 3in3 and untwist4 easier to handle4

ore crush resistant than lang lay.

Wires in strandand strands ofrope wind thesa e direction.(right layshown)

Increased resistance to abrasion4greater

flexibility and fatigue resistance than

regular lay4 will 3in3 and untwist.

$trands woundto the rightaround thecore. (regularlay shown)

#he ost co on construction

$trands woundto the leftaround thecore. (regularlay shown)

Used in a few special situations +cable tool drilling line! for exa ple.

%lternatestrands of rightregular lay andright lang lay.

Co bines the best features of regular and

lang lay for boo hoist or winchlines.

6x Rope + 5xcellent abrasion resistance4 less bending fatigueresistance. 6ragging and haulage in ines! inclined planes andtra ways! sand lines.

6 x !" #$eale

Characteristics Resistant to abrasion andcrushing4 ediu fatigueresistance

Typical Applications 0aulage rope! cho3er rope!

rotary drilling line IWRC shown4 fiber coreavailable

6x%l &iller Wire Characteristics ,ess abrasion resistance4 orebending fatigue resistance

Typical Applications 7ull Ropes! load lines! bac3haulropes! draglines

IWRC shown4 fiber core available


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6x%'&illerWire

Characteristicsost flexible rope inclassification4 best balance ofabrasion and fatigue resistance

Typical Applicationsost widely used of all wire

ropes + cranes hoists! s3iphoists! haulage! ooring lines!conveyors! etc.

IWRC shown fiber core available

6x%6 Warrin(ton $eale Characteristics 8ood balance of abrasion andfatigue resistance

Typical Applications 9oo hoists! logging and tubinglines

IWRC shown! fiber core available

Characteristics )ypical Applications6 x *!Warrin(ton$eale

: outside wires.$lightly oreflexible than ; x:< rope with the

sa e abrasion resistance


=verhead crane and obile crane hoistropes

6 x *6Warrin(ton$eale

> outside wires.ore fatigue

resistance4 butless abrasion

resistance than ; x :< rope.

IWRC shown4 fiber core available

=verhead crane and obile crane hoistropes4

winch lines4 large dia eter towing lines

6 x +!Warrin(ton$eale

; outside wires.8oodco bination offatigue and

abrasion resistance for operating ropes

WRC shown! fiber core available

=verhead crane and obile crane hoist

ropes4 shovel and dragline hoist ropes

6 x +! $eale

&iller Wire $a echaracteristicsand applicationsas ; x >Warrington $eale


=verhead crane and obile crane hoist

ropes4shovel and dragline hoist ropes


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6 x +" $ealeWarrin(ton$eale

; outside wires.9est fatigueresistance andabrasion

resistance in ; x &* classification lWRC shown4 fiber core available

ooring! towing and anchor lines

-roduct ist / $er0ices / Wire Rope Info / Ri((in( /&abrication /

12uipment / $afety / -lows / )ire Chains / Cablecraft /3ome / Contact 4s /

Entire contents of this site Copyright Broadway Splicing & Supply,Inc. 1999

P. . Bo! "#$%, Spo ane, '( 99"$" 1)*$$)#"1)*1*%sala+ & ada .dear how r u.what r u doing in these days.what r other acti-ities.i do not now why i li e u -ery +uch.why u r not so close to anyone.why u ha-e not +ade ur est & lo-ing friends.do u ha-e any girl or oy friend.ta e care.see u ne!t.

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Wire Rope

Farm Safety Association

)a5e Care of $ilo 4nloader 3oist Wire Rope

Wire rope brea3age during the hoisting of top silo unloaders occurs with alar ing fre/uency. %t worst! suchishaps have resulted in severe in ury and death. 5ven where no one is in ured! costly da age to e/uip ent
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and ti e lost during a critical harvest period a3e the ?dropping@ of an unloader a very expensive incidentA

In so e cases! wire rope failure is the result of undersi2ed rope andBor incorrect rigging hardware being usedat the ti e of installation. ore often! brea3age occurs due to isuse andBor inade/uate aintenance.

Wire Rope Composition

% wire rope is co posed of a nu ber of wire strands for ed helically around a central axis. #he axiale ber is 3nown as the core! and ay be ade of various aterials! such as fibre or steel.

Wire rope is aptly described as a precision achine. In operation! its strands change position with respect toeach other. Individual wires within each strand prefor in a si ilar anner. #he relationship between theseparts is carefully engineered to per it the rope to function s oothly in operation.

%s with other precision e/uip ent! internal lubrication ust be provided during fabrication. #his co batsfrictional forces (which oppose ove ent of parts) and prevents corrosion.

=perating factors which affect a rope in service are tension! wear! bending! crushing and corrosion. eglectand isuse will substantially reduce a wire rope@s useful life.

Choosin( the Ri(ht Rope


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Wire rope is available in a variety of grades and configurations. #o the lay an! the critical factors in selectinga rope are brea3ing strength and dia eter.

%n ade/uate factor of safety is crucial in wire rope use. For silo unloader hoist rope! the reco ended safetyfactor is


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before a rope is placed under tension! and again after the load is on the rope.

Care and ubrication

Wire rope used to hoist silo unloaders is sub ect to neglect because it is nor ally used only once a year.Whether located inside or outside of a feed roo ! all silo hoist rope is exposed to corrosive conditions.

Rope condition can be chec3ed and lubrication applied during the hoisting procedure. Watch for locali2edwear4 pre ature wear at one spot is co on and can be prevented if the cause is detected. Uneven wearcan be ini i2ed by oving the rope periodically so that different stretches of it are at the critical wearpoints. Consult a 3nowledgeable authority before atte pting such a change.

Wire rope should bwe clean and dry before lubrication is applied. Use a wire brush or co pressed air incon unction with a reco ended cleaner+solvent to re ove old lubricant and debris.

Reco ended lubricants and proper application are a ust. Wire rope anufacturers can provide specificdetails. ever apply used cran3case oil4 it contains s all etal particles that can da age wire rope.


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3oist with Care

0oisting of a silo unloader should always be done under careful supervision. Under no circu stances shouldan observer be stationed inside of the siloA

Use a reco ended winch and dru . 0oist the unloader at a s ooth! steady pace. #he silo unloader shouldnot be allowed tp ?bounce@! as this will result in extre e stress on rope and rigging hardware. 9oth the wirerope and winch co ponents can be seriously da aged if the unloader is a ed against the roof of the silo.


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$ummary

% ?dropped@ silo is unloader is often da aged beyond repair. $uch an occurrence also results in lost ti e andcould lead to serious in ury or death. Routine inspection and proper aintenance of wire rope and otherhoisting co ponents should prevent a ishap.

6isclai er and Reproduction Infor ation- Infor ation in %$6 does not represent I=$0 policy. Infor ationincluded in %$6 appears by per ission of the author andBor copyright holder. ore

NASD Review: 10/2003

#he infor ation and reco endations contained in this publication are believed to be reliable and
http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/disclaimer.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/nasd/disclaimer.html


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representative of conte porary expert opinion on the sub ect aterial. #he Far $afety %ssociation Inc. doesnot guarantee absolute accuracy or sufficiency of sub ect aterial! nor can it accept responsibility for healthand safety reco endations that ay have been o itted due to particular and exceptional conditions andcircu stances.

#opic E$tate E ideo E $panish E iscellaneous E$earch E$ite ap EContact E0elp E,in3s %$6 0o e EC6C 0o e E I=$0 0o e

% C 5 , I 5 G

Aceline that has been used in the remo0al construction of lines inoperation !7 89: at ;aruto#Awamm, en(th %,*6>m, )ension $tren(th !'>tf.

POLYURETHANE COATED ACELINE (Water Proof)Aceline is high strength an high elasticit! ro"e that has #een e$elo"e #! To%!o &ei%o Ro"e 'fg Co LtIt gi$es f*ll "la! to its "erfor+ance in teleco+,"o-er constr*ction sites Pol!*rethane.coate Aceline hase/cellent electric non.con *ctance an it0s acti$e in $ario*s %in of "o-er constr*ction sites

1) "Aceline" for Cradle Block methodAceline has e/cellent characteristics on Light Weight High Tenacit! Electric non.con *ctance an Non.&"in aree1*ire inPo-er Constr*ction sites -hich are re1*ire in Po-er Constr*ction sites (Ne- installation an re+o$al of ca#les) *n erthe li$e line con ition Aceline achie$e strength that raise a""ro/ 234 co+"are -ith for+er 5e$lar ro"esAn it is e/"ecte isting*ishe "erfor+ance
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Photo6 -ith '*lti.T*rn 'T.OW t!

'ain 'aterial6 Aceline 337.7C 89++ . 8:++Relate 'aterial6 8 2 ; >7@#@C;on#$pin, Water -roof

AC1 I;1 >> #CWire Rope )ype ! x $tructure

6ia. $/uare easure of Core (%ra id Fiber) Weight #ension $trength$/uare easure of Core (%ra id Fiber) Weight #ension $tre

( ) : gB D tf : gB D

< + + + + &&.& >.H .>& . & .; ;.

* H.: >>.H : .& :.&.H '.H :&.H *&.< *. ';.& .H .H :.HH

; &H.H :.H


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&) 0igh+$trength Connector for rope 9) &ignal "ennant


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'ire for rope is +ade inse-eral +aterials, and

types, these include steel

and stainless steel, withwire or : re cores.

/his is a-aila le in a -arietyof grades of steel, stainless

steel and gal-anised.

Stainless steel ropes types$% and 1;


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FIBRE CORE. Adequate for many types of service providing maximumflexibility and elasticity to the wire rope. made of hard fibres, usually

sisal or manila, most often used today is polypropylene. /hese latter cores are useful where conditions surrounding rope use

could result in pre+ature failure of natural : re cores. Sisal and +anila: re cores are i+pregnated during the cordage process with a suita le

lu ricant ha-ing preser-ati-e properties.

INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE

INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE. Consists of a ; ! ? strandsteel wire rope with a ? wire centre strand. /his core :nds greatest use

where ropes are su @ected to se-ere pressure while running o-ershea-es or winding onto dru+s. /his type of core should e used when

a rope operates in te+peratures da+aging to natural or +an)+ade: res. It pro-ides additional strength and less stretch.

STEEL STRAND CORE


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STRAND CORE. Consists of a strand of steel wires, no+inally ?, 19or ? in nu+ ers. It is used occasionally in running rope of s+aller

dia+eters rather than I' C. It +ay also e used in stranding ropes,guys, suspender ropes, etc. 'here e!tra strength, reduced stretch and

+a!i+u+ resistance to weathering are re

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Wire Rope General Information